afi31-121.pdf

DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE

HEADQUARTERS UNITED STATES AIR FORCE

WASHINGTON, DC

AFI31-121_AFGM2020-01

15 Sep 2020

MEMORANDUM FOR DISTRIBUTION C

MAJCOMs/FOAs/DRUs

FROM: AF/A4

1030 Air Force Pentagon, Suite 4E154 Washington DC 20330-1030

SUBJECT: Air Force Guidance Memorandum to AFI 31-121, Military Working Dog Program.

By Order of the Secretary of the Air Force, this Air Force Guidance Memorandum immediately changes AFI 31-121, Military Working Dog Program. Compliance with this memorandum is mandatory. To the extent its direction is inconsistent with other Air Force publications, the information herein prevails in accordance with Department of the Air Force Instruction 33-360, Publications and Forms Management.

The attachment to this memorandum incorporates additional responsibilities for the USAF MWD PM and updates pertaining to unit MWD authorization increases.

This memorandum becomes void after one year has elapsed from the date of this memorandum, or upon publishing of an interim change to, or rewrite of AFI 31-121, whichever is earlier.

WARREN D. BERRY

Lieutenant General, USAF DCS/Logistics, Engineering & Force Protection

Attachment:

AFI31-121_AFGM2020-01

ATTACHMENT

Military Working Dog Program

Current guidance in Air Force Instruction 31-121, Military Working Dog Program, remains in effect with the following changes:

2.4.7. (ADDED): Provide a quarterly update to the MAJCOM A4S offices with the status of the MWD Program. (T-1). The update will include MWD gains and losses, MWD shipments, on-hand MWDs and open authorizations, and USSS support. (T-1).

2.8.9. (CHANGE): Ensure each assigned Detector MWD team meets or exceeds the minimum detection utilization hours per duty day. (T-3). The minimum utilization for an 8 hour shift is two hours of detection. The minimum utilization for a 12 hour shift is three hours of detection. If unable to meet these minimum detection standards, ensure handlers document the cause on the AF Form 321. (T-3).

3.1.1. (CHANGE): MWD Authorization Process. It is the responsibility of the USAF MWD Policy Action Officer to validate authorization increases. (T-1). Increases are determined by using the criterion below.

3.1.1.1.4. (CHANGE): Ensure operational MWDs assigned to their unit are conducting a minimum of 100 detection utilization hours per quarter. (T-1).

3.1.1.1.5. (ADDED): Ensure written request provides justification to adjust MWD authorizations based on a change in installation operational requirements. (T-1).

3.1.1.2. (CHANGE): The USAF MWD PM will notify the DoD MWD PM of changes made once approved by AF/A4S. This notification will include the nomenclature, MAJCOM, and unit to which authorization changes will be applied. Before a formal response is sent to the requesting commander, AF/A4SP will communicate with the appropriate MAJCOM A4S regarding the MWD authorization request decision. (T-1).

BY ORDER OF THE

SECRETARY OF THE AIR FORCE

Air Force Instruction

31-121

2 MAY 2018

Security

MILITARY WORKING DOG PROGRAM

COMPLIANCE WITH THIS PUBLICATION IS MANDATORY

ACCESSIBILITY: Publications and forms are available for downloading or ordering on the e-

Publishing website at www.e-publishing.af.mil.

RELEASABILITY: There are no releasability restrictions on this publication.

OPR: AF/A4SP

Supersedes: AFI31-121, 17 October 2012

Incorporating Change 1, 31 March 2015

Certified by: AF/A4S

(Brig Gen Andrea D. Tullos)

Pages: 56

This Air Force (AF) Instruction (AFI) implements AF Policy Directive (AFPD) 31-1, Integrated

Defense, and establishes the Military Working Dog (MWD) Program. Compliance with this instruction is mandatory and applies to all military and civilian AF personnel, members of the

AF Reserve and Air National Guard, and other individuals or organizations as required by binding agreement or obligation with the Department of the AF. In addition, this instruction is mandatory for all government-owned, contractor-operated (GOCO) and contractor-owned, contractor-operated (COCO) facilities when required by contractual agreement. The terms

"must," "shall," and "will" denote mandatory actions in this Instruction. The authorities to waive wing/unit level requirements in this publication are identified with a Tier (“T-0, T-1, T-2, T-3”) number following the compliance statement. See AFI 33-360, Publications and Forms

Management, for a description of the authorities associated with the Tier numbers. Submit requests for waivers through the chain of command to the appropriate Tier waiver approval authority, or alternately, to the requestors commander for non-tiered compliance items. The use of the name or mark of any specific manufacturer, commercial product, commodity, or service in this publication does not imply endorsement by the Air Force. This Instruction requires the collection and maintenance of information protected by the Privacy Act of 1974. Ensure that all records created as a result of processes prescribed in this publication are maintained IAW Air

Force Manual (AFMAN) 33-363, Management of Records, and disposed of IAW the Air Force

Records Disposition Schedule (RDS) in the Air Force Records Information Management System

(AFRIMS). This instruction explains employment procedures for the MWD Program. Refer www.e-publishing.af.mil

2 AFI31-121 2 MAY 2018

recommended changes and questions about this publication to the Office of Primary

Responsibility (OPR) using the AF Form 847, Recommendation for Change of Publication; route

AF Forms 847 from the field through the appropriate functional chain of command. Contact supporting records managers as required. Major Commands, Direct Reporting Units (DRUs), and

Field Operating Agencies (FOAs) (hereby referred to collectively as MAJCOM) will send one copy of supplements to AF Security Forces Center (AFSFC), Military Working Dog Program

(FPI), 1517 Billy Mitchell Boulevard, Lackland Air Force Base, Texas 78236. Affected organizations have 180 days from date of publication to implement this AFI or submit applicable deviations to HAF/A4SP via email to usaf.pentagon.af-a4.mbx.af-a4sp-workflow@mail.mil .

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

This document is substantially revised with mandated tiering levels, IAW AFI 33-360, Publications and Forms Management, and must be completely reviewed. This publication updates the authorities transferred to the Air Force Installation and Mission Support Center

(AFIMSC) as outlined in the Headquarters United States Air Force (HQ USAF) Program Action

Directive (PAD) 14-04, Implementation of the Air Force Installation and Mission Support

Center. This revision corrects administrative and typographical errors throughout the text. This rewrite also revises AFI 31-121 by adding USAF MWD Policy Action Officer and duties, implementing a one DDD baseline for authorized units, adding establishment of a two hour detection standard, adding Military Working Dog Team (MWDT) Operations, adding Working

Dog Management System (WDMS) utilization guidance, updating guidance on explosive training and additional odors, clarifying Squadron Commander endorsement during validation testing and relocating sample forms and reference material to the WDMS Library.

Chapter 1— MILITARY WORKING DOG CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS 5

1.1. Military Working Dog Concept

1.2. Overview

Chapter 2— FUNCTIONAL AREA RESPONSIBILITIES 6

2.1. Head Quarters Air Force/Director of Security Forces (HQ AF/A4S)

2.2. Air Force Security Forces Center (AFSFC)

2.3. USAF Military Working Dog Policy Action Officer

2.4. USAF Military Working Dog Program Manager (USAF MWD PM)

2.5. 341st Training Squadron (TRS)

2.6. HQ Air Education and Training Command (AETC)

2.7. Squadron Commander

2.8. Kennel Master (KM)

2.9. Military Working Dog Trainer

mailto:usaf.pentagon.af-a4.mbx.af-a4sp-workflow@mail.mil

AFI31-121 2 MAY 2018 3

2.10. Military Working Dog Handler

Chapter 3— Military Workingn Dog AUTHORIZATIONS, REQUISITIONS, ASSIGNMENTS, AND DISPOSITIONS 12

3.1. Authorizations

3.2. Requisitions

3.3. Military Working Dog Assignments

3.4. Military Working Dog Dispositions

Chapter 4— MILITARY WORKING DOG PROGRAM AND UTILIZATION 15

4.1. Objective

4.2. Military Working Dog Utilization and Employment

4.3. Safety Procedures

4.4. Military Working Dog Use of Force

4.5. Working Dog Management System (WDMS) Utilization/Qualification

Guidance

Chapter 5— MILITARY WORKING DOG TRAINING 23

5.1. Military Working Dog Team General Proficiency Training

5.2. Detection Training

5.3. Training with Additional Substances

Chapter 6— MILITARY WORKING DOG PERFORMANCE STANDARDS AND

VALIDATION TESTING 26

6.1. Patrol

6.2. Detection Standards

6.3. Validation and Certification Testing

6.4. Decertification Process

Chapter 7— EXPLOSIVE TRAINING AIDS 32

7.1. Explosive Training Aid Safety Precautions

7.2. Explosive Training Aid Acquisition, Turn-In, and Storage

Chapter 8— DRUG TRAINING AIDS 35

8.1. Introduction

8.2. Physical Security Requirements of Drug Training Aids

4 AFI31-121 2 MAY 2018

8.3. Drug Training Aid Registration

8.4. Drug Training Aid Custodians

8.5. Registration to Procure Drug Training Aids

8.6. Procurement of Drug Training Aids

8.7. Revalidation of Training Aids (Recall)

8.8. Disposition & Returning of Drug Training Aids

8.9. Drug Training Aid Inventory

8.10. Control of Drug Training Aids

8.11. Change of Primary Custodian

8.12. Controlled Substance Accountability Folder

Chapter 9— KENNEL FACILITIES AND CARE OF MILITARY WORKING DOGS 41

9.1. Kennel Facilities

9.2. Care of Military Working Dogs

Chapter 10— MILITARY WORKING DOG TRANSPORTATION 43

10.1. Military Working Dog Vehicles

10.2. Shipping Military Working Dogs

Chapter 11— DETECTOR DOG SUPPORT TO CIVILIAN LAW ENFORCEMENT

AGENCIES 47

11.1. General

11.2. Detector Dog Operations

Attachment 1— GLOSSARY OF REFERENCES AND SUPPORTING INFORMATION 52

AFI31-121 2 MAY 2018 5

Chapter 1

MILITARY WORKING DOG CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS

1.1. Military Working Dog Concept. The MWD program is a critical enabler to the capability of Security Forces (SF) to defeat threats inside and outside the installation boundary. The AF

MWD Team (MWDT) also serves a vital role in offensive and defensive operations with the other Department of Defense (DoD) components. The objective is to employ Military Working

Dog assets aggressively and effectively to counter threats. This instruction provides the framework for employment and utilization to support Integrated Defense as outlined in AFI 31-

101, Integrated Defense. This will ensure our forces can Anticipate, Deter, Detect, Assess, Warn, Defeat, Delay, Defend, and Recover.

1.2. Overview. This instruction prescribes responsibilities, policies, and procedures for the direction, management, and control of the AF MWD Program. It explains how MWDTs are used in non–combat and combat support missions including area security, law enforcement, and antiterrorism, to include narcotics and explosive detection.

6 AFI31-121 2 MAY 2018

Chapter 2

FUNCTIONAL AREA RESPONSIBILITIES

2.1. Head Quarters Air Force/Director of Security Forces (HQ AF/A4S). DoD designated the Secretary of the Air Force (SECAF) as the DoD Executive Agent (EA) for the MWD

Program in DoD Directive (DoDD) 5200.31E, DoD Military Working Dog Program. In turn, the

SECAF delegated those duties to HQ AF/A4S in HAF Mission Directive 1-38, Deputy Chief of

Staff of the Air Force (Logistics, Engineering and Force Protection).; the AF Director of SF will act on the behalf of the SECAF as the EA. (T-0).

2.1.1. The Director of SF will appoint a DoD MWD Program Manager (PM) to operate independently from the AF MWD Program. (T-0).

2.1.2. HQ AF/A4S supports the DoD MWD PM. The DoD MWD PM manages the DoD

MWD program, develops policy, and provides guidance to service component PMs, and the

341st Training Squadron (341 TRS). The DoD MWD PM will:

2.1.2.1. Manage the DoD MWD program for the EA. (T-0).

2.1.2.2. In accordance with DoDD 3025.13, Employment of DoD Capabilities in Support of the U.S. Secret Service (USSS), Department of Homeland Security (DHS), coordinate with all program participants on the development of uniform procedures and standards.

(T-0).

2.1.2.3. Provide management oversight to the development of required training programs for MWDs, instructors, and handlers. (T-0).

2.1.2.4. Develop standard MWD operational guidance and make such guidance available to the DoD Components and other Federal Agencies participating in the DoD MWD

Program. (T-0).

2.1.2.5. Obtain current information from the MWD Component PMs regarding MWD authorizations and utilization to ensure the ready availability of MWD assets when needed. (T-0).

2.1.2.6. Develop servicing agreements with all participants, including Federal Agencies.

(T-0).

2.1.2.7. Chair the Joint Service MWD Committee (JSMWDC). (T-0).

2.1.2.7.1. The JSMWDC will consist of a representative from each of the DoD

Components that use MWDs and the Director, DoD Veterinary Services Program. (T-

0).

2.1.2.7.2. The JSMWDC will meet at least annually or at the call of the Chair. (T-0).

2.1.2.7.3. The JSMWDC will be codified by charter. (T-0).

2.1.2.8. Maintain program management of the Working Dog Management System

(WDMS) in accordance with AFI 31-126, DoD Military Working Dog Program. (T-1).

2.1.2.9. Monitor procurement, distribution, inventory management, and final dispositionof MWDs. Monitors cross-service fill of MWD authorizations by the DoD

AFI31-121 2 MAY 2018 7

Dog Center; monitor contracts that individual Services enter into to meet MWD requirements not filled by the 341 TRS; and maximize availability of MWDs to Services.

(T-0).

2.1.2.10. Identify and coordinate appropriate sources of manning, funding, and/or reimbursement to operate the DoD MWD Program. (T-0).

2.1.2.11. Provide advice and guidance to DoD Agencies with contract or in-house working dog programs. (T-0).

2.2. Air Force Security Forces Center (AFSFC). AFSFC supports the DoD MWD PM by functioning as the receiving agency for DoD MWD taskings supporting the Office of the

Secretary of Defense (OSD), US Secret Service (USSS), Department of State (DoS), US

Customs and Border Protection (USCBP), US Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), and other civilian law enforcement agencies (CLEA) and tasks units to support.

2.3. USAF Military Working Dog Policy Action Officer . Assigned to the HQ AF/A4S, the

USAF MWD Policy Action Officer provides policy and guidance to the USAF MWD PM and

AF units to manage MWD assets. The USAF MWD Policy Action Officer must be a graduate of the 341 TRS MWD Trainer/Kennel Master Course and have held a Kennel Master (KM) position. (T-1). The USAF MWD Policy Action Officer will:

2.3.1. Advise the Air Force Director of Security Forces on issues with operational and non-operational deployment of MWDs. (T-1).

2.3.2. Reply to executive office, congressional and J-34 inquiries pertaining to deployment, utilization, training, evaluation and final disposition of MWDs. (T-1).

2.3.3. Validate MWD authorizations. (T-1).

2.3.4. Author AF MWD policy. (T-1).

2.4. USAF Military Working Dog Program Manager (USAF MWD PM) . Assigned to the

AFSFC, the USAF MWD PM manages all USAF MWD assets. The USAF MWD PM must be a graduate of the 341 TRS MWD Trainer/KM Course and have held a KM position. (T-1). The

USAF MWD PM will:

2.4.1. Provide the AFSFC Operations Center the 24-hour contact information of the primary and at least one alternate of every AF Kennel. (T-1).

2.4.2. Maintain program management of all AF MWD inventories using WDMS. (T-1).

2.4.3. Ensure unit handler authorizations and MWD authorizations meet established requirements. (T-1).

2.4.4. Manage AF explosive detector dog support to the USSS, DoS and other Federal and

State Law Enforcement agencies. (T-1).

2.4.5. Co-author MWD guidance for AF units. (T-1).

2.4.6. USAF MWD PM is the first line of contact for Units regarding MWD issues, questions, or guidance.

8 AFI31-121 2 MAY 2018

2.5. 341st Training Squadron (TRS). This Air Education Training Command (AETC) unit directly supports the DoD MWD Program. Therefore, AF/A4S provides policy and guidance directly to the 341 TRS. The 341 TRS will:

2.5.1. Provide trained MWDs to fulfill DoD requirements as determined by AFSFC. (T-1).

2.5.2. Provide the DoD MWD PM with status reports, as needed, with information about

MWD requisitions and those remaining unfilled from the Trained Dog Requirements (TDR).

The 341 TRS will manage MWD inventory in WDMS. (T-1).

2.5.3. Train MWDs, handlers, trainers, and KMs to meet DoD requirements. (T-1).

2.5.4. Provide technical assistance to USAF MWD PM and kennels as requested. (T-1).

2.5.5. Maintain records and accountability regarding the current status of all DoD MWDs for tracking purposes and annual reporting requirements. (T-1).

2.5.6. Maintain oversight of all DoD MWD dispositions, including adoptions and euthanasia. (T-1).

2.6. HQ Air Education and Training Command (AETC). HQ AETC will manage the programs and resources needed to meet DoD requirements for procurement, training, and distribution of MWDs and the training of MWD handlers, trainers, and KMs. (T-1).

2.7. Squadron Commander. The responsible squadron commander has ownership of all

MWD assets assigned to their unit and will decide on the best employment of MWD resources with guidance from the KM. (T-1). The Commander implements programs and establishes local policy to properly utilize MWDT patrol and detection capabilities.

2.7.1. The Commander will ensure handler authorizations equal unit MWD authorizations and provide the USAF MWD PM in writing all variances requests with justification. (T-2).

2.8. Kennel Master (KM). The KM is responsible for managing the unit’s MWD program for the Squadron Commander by establishing an effective training and evaluation program to maximize the MWDT’s capabilities. Per AF/A4S, the KM must be a graduate of the 341 TRS

MWD Trainer/KM Course or complete the course within 90 days of appointment as KM. (T-1).

To be eligible to attend this course, personnel must already have attended the MWD Handler

Course, fulfilled duties as MWD Handler for at least 18 months and been awarded the AF

Specialty Code (AFSC) 3P051A. (T-1). The KM will:

2.8.1. Manage and monitor all unit MWD training utilizing WDMS to ensure MWDTs are ready for validation and annual certifications, as well as being worldwide deployment capable. (T-2) Ensure paper copies are maintained within Probable Cause (PC) folders. (T-

2).

2.8.2. Advise the Commander on the employment of MWDTs. (T-3).

2.8.3. Maintain MWD Kennel Facility within established USAF policies; refer to AFMAN

31-219, USAF Military Working Dog Program and Army Techniques Publication 3–39.34, Military Working Dogs, for guidance. (T-2).

2.8.4. Properly care for MWDs by coordinating with servicing veterinarian to establish medical, fitness standards, and feeding priorities for each MWD. (T-2).

AFI31-121 2 MAY 2018 9

2.8.5. Report the unit’s monthly MWD statistics to the USAF MWD PM no later than the third duty day of the month using WDMS. (T-1).

2.8.5.1. Report total MWDs authorized and on hand.

2.8.5.2. Report the medical categories and deployment readiness capabilities of each

MWDT.

2.8.5.3. Report the validation and certification status of each MWDT.

2.8.6. Maintain the following permanent administrative records: (T-2).

2.8.6.1. DD Form 1834, Military Working Dog Service Record. The 341 TRS initiates this form, which stays with the MWD throughout its service life. If the form must be re-accomplished or added to, attach the original to the new form.

2.8.6.1.1. Return the DD Form 1834 to the 341 TRS within 15 days of an MWD’s final disposition.

2.8.6.2. AF Form 321, Military Working Dog Training and Utilization Record. Provides complete history of patrol training, utilization and performance. Handlers annotate each duty day and sign at the end of each month. The KM will sign as the reviewing official at the end of each month. (T-2).

2.8.6.3. AF Form 323, Military Working Dog Training and Utilization Record for

Drug/Explosive Detector Dogs. Records training, utilization and performance of detector dogs. It serves as the basis for establishing probable cause. Handlers annotate each duty day and sign at the end of the month. The KM will sign as the reviewing official at the end of each month. (T-2).

2.8.6.4. AF Form 324, Military Working Dog Program Status Report. Report is used to record the number and type of MWDs authorized and assigned to each unit. It also annotates the total kennel capacity, the number of handlers authorized and assigned, the pairing of dog teams and the kennel support staff (i.e., the KM and Trainer(s)).

2.8.6.4.1. The AF Form 324 is due to the USAF MWD PM NLT the fifth duty day of the month following each quarter. The AF Form 324 is essential to effectively manage the USAF and DoD MWD program(s).

2.8.6.5. AF Form 68, Munitions Authorization Record. Used to document approval to procure explosive training aids, updated every six months or whenever changes occur.

Keep the form current in order to procure explosive training aids. Refer to local munitions account supply office (MASO) personnel for further information concerning completion of the form. Maintain most current AF Form 68 within the munitions accountability folder. Your local MASO provides guidance on maintaining this folder.

2.8.7. Establish a minimum monthly Optimum Training Plan (OTP) for all MWDs assigned to the unit kennels and review monthly to ensure the MWDTs are enhancing and evolving their capabilities. (T-2). Update the OTP in WDMS.

2.8.7.1. The OTP should differ between MWDTs as every team has differing capabilities. Previous OTPs are maintained in the MWD’s permanent record and current

OTP maintained in the PC Folder.

10 AFI31-121 2 MAY 2018

2.8.8. Work with the Unit Deployment Manager (UDM) to ensure MWD assets are properly postured and accurately reported. (T-2).

2.8.9. Ensure each assigned Detector MWD team meets or exceeds a minimum of two hours of detection utilization per duty day/shift. If unable to meet the minimum detection standard, ensure handlers document cause on the AF Form 321. (T-3).

2.9. Military Working Dog Trainer. The MWD Trainer is responsible for training the unit’s

MWDs and handlers using authorized effective training methodology to maximize the MWDT’s capabilities. The Trainer must be a graduate of the 341 TRS MWD Trainer/KM Course or complete the course within 90 days of appointment as Trainer. (T-1). To be eligible to attend this course, personnel must already have attended the MWD Handler Course, fulfilled duties as

MWD Handler for at least 18 months and been awarded the AFSC 3P051A. (T-1). The Military

Working Dog Trainer will:

2.9.1. Develop training scenarios in accordance with established OTP. Prepare short and long term training outlines and risk assessments based upon garrison force protection needs and deployment requirements. (T-2).

2.9.2. Assist in the supervision of the installation MWD program. (T-3).

2.9.3. Act as the KM when KM is absent. (T-3).

2.9.4. Validate and supervise sustainment training. (T-3).

2.9.5. Supervise the deployment preparation of MWDTs. (T-3).

2.9.6. Develop a predeployment training program based upon current threats and enemy

Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (TTP). (T-3).

2.9.7. Annotate and sign as the reviewing official on the AF Form 321 and 323 when the

KM is assigned an MWD.

2.10. Military Working Dog Handler. MWD handlers provide the daily care and grooming for their assigned MWD. They ensure sustainment skills are maintained for their assigned MWD.

Personnel, regardless of rank and status, must complete the MWD Handler Course prior to handling an MWD. (T-1) The handler must enter and complete upgrade training to the 5-skill level before being awarded the 3P051A AFSC. (T-2). The MWD handler must complete all upgrade requirements, including the MWD Handler Career Development Course, and all task items for the 5-skill level in the MWD Handler Career Field Education and Training Plan

(CFETP). (T-2). Training done by private businesses or civilian police departments is not a substitute for the DoD MWD Handler Course. The MWD Handler will:

2.10.1. Complete monthly OTP. (T-3).

2.10.2. Groom and conduct a health check on their assigned MWD daily. (T-3).

2.10.3. Maintain MWD kennels daily. (T-3).

2.10.4. Perform physical conditioning training with assigned MWD daily or as determined by KM. Daily performance of the Obstacle course should be included in the physical training. (T-3).

2.10.5. Perform additional kennel duties as assigned. (T-3).

AFI31-121 2 MAY 2018 11

2.10.6. Utilize WDMS to complete AF Form 321, AF Form 323, and other required documentation daily when assigned MWD is utilized. (T-2).

12 AFI31-121 2 MAY 2018

Chapter 3

MILITARY WORKINGN DOG AUTHORIZATIONS, REQUISITIONS,

ASSIGNMENTS, AND DISPOSITIONS

3.1. Authorizations. As a baseline, six detector dogs are authorized per installation. Exceptions are based on operational requirements, existing manpower/MWD authorizations, base population and geography, or other unit-specific requirements. Exceptions and changes will be staffed as variances through the MAJCOM A4S and AFSFC/FPI and approved by the USAF MWD Policy

Action Officer and AF/A4SP. Air Force Manpower Standard 43S36X specifies the manpower authorizations for KMs, trainers, and handlers. The wing manpower office will validate MWD manpower authorizations. (T-2). Drug detector dogs (DDD) will not exceed one-third of the unit’s total MWD authorizations. Authorizations are posted and tracked in WDMS.

3.1.1. MWD Authorization Process. It is the responsibility of the USAF MWD Policy

Action Officer to validate all authorization increases using the criterion identified in AFI 31-

126, DoD Military Working Dog Program.

3.1.1.1. Requests for initial, increases, or decreases in existing MWD authorization(s) will be forwarded by the requesting Squadron Commander in writing through the

MAJCOM A4S and AFSFC/FPI to the USAF MWD Policy Action Officer and

AF/A4SP. Prior to submitting the authorization change request, the Squadron

Commander will:

3.1.1.1.1. Ensure MWD qualified personnel are assigned to validated MWD positions on the Unit Manning Personnel Roster (UMPR). (T-2). MWD qualified personnel may be assigned to non-MWD positions only after all MWD positions are filled with qualified personnel. Management decisions to employ MWD qualified personnel in other positions will not normally generate a PCS backfill requirement.

Additionally, management decisions to employ MWD qualified personnel in other positions do not relieve the unit of filling MWD Unit Tasking Code (UTC) requirements.

3.1.1.1.2. Ensure all coordination with servicing veterinarian has been accomplished and an ability to support memorandum is provided. (T-2).

3.1.1.1.3. Ensure there is adequate kennel space to support all MWD authorizations.

(T-2).

3.1.1.1.4. Ensure MWDs assigned to their unit are being utilized to the maximum extent possible. (T-2).

3.1.1.2. The USAF MWD PM will notify the DoD MWD PM of changes made once approved by AF/A4S stating nomenclature, MAJCOM, and unit of what authorization changes will be applied.

3.1.2. Kennel staff manpower requirements are identified in the SF Manpower Determinants and should be reflected in Functional Accountability Code 43S360 on the Unit Manpower

Document (UMD).

AFI31-121 2 MAY 2018 13

3.1.3. In order to maintain a total force multiplier in regards to Integrated Defense, DDDs are only authorized upon written approval. Units requiring a DDD must submit written justification for a DDD to the USAF MWD Policy Action Officer. (T-1). As a baseline, only one DDD is authorized per installation. All DDDs currently in the inventory are authorized and will be replaced only upon normal lifecycle attrition.

3.1.4. All Explosive Detector Dogs (EDDs) assigned to a Patrol Explosive Detector Dog

(PEDD) authorization will be evaluated for the capability to be trained for possible certification as PEDD. If it is determined the EDD is not suitable for patrol training, annotate the evaluation and reasons for non-suitability in the MWD’s records. If an EDD is deemed capable of patrol certification, the EDD will be entered into training for no less than 30-days.

The EDD team will conduct this training when feasible so as not to interfere with the

MWDT’s mission requirements. (T-2). The KM will conduct initial patrol certification. Upon successful patrol certification, the KM will submit the Lackland AFB FM 375, Patrol Dog

Certification, and National Stock Number (NSN) Change Request signed by the Squadron

Commander to the USAF MWD PM for concurrence. Same process will be accomplished for changing DDD to a PDDD.

3.2. Requisitions. Military Working Dog requisitions are submitted independent of student training quotasand maintained on a backlog listing by the USAF MWD PM. Requisitions are filled on an authorization-based, and equitable distribution basis, with placement priority determined by the greatest needs of the AF. The objective of the assignment process is to provide the AF with an efficient and effective MWD capability levied against and in support of home station needs and MOA/MOU obligations. Note: MWDs are sensitive high value assets with assigned NSNs to identify capabilities; however they are not referred to as equipment since they require continuous training to maintain that capability. The exception to this terminology is use of MWDs in support of civilian law enforcement as defined in DoDI 3025.21, Defense Support of Civilian Law Enforcement Agencies, and 10 USC 372, 374. All MWDs have a tattoo and chip identification number much like military personnel have a social security number; the MWD identification number is used to track and account for MWDs. Ensure MWDs Expendability

Recoverability Code is changed from NF to XF, refer to AFI 31-126 for MWD nomenclatures.

3.2.1. A new MWD may be requisitioned based upon the following conditions:

3.2.1.1. Authorized vacancy.

3.2.1.2. New authorization or approved addition as outlined in authorizations.

3.2.1.3. Health of a current MWD assigned to the unit has a sudden and significant degradation of performance leading to the MWD entering the disposition/excess process.

3.2.1.4. Sudden death or euthanasia of an MWD.

3.2.1.5. An MWD recently issued by 341 TRS fails to meet certification standards.

3.2.1.6. Excess MWDs, which are defined as:

3.2.1.6.1. An MWD no longer filling an authorized position and there are no other units, MAJCOMs, or service components which are in need of the MWD.

3.2.1.6.2. A dual purpose MWD is no longer capable of maintaining certification in both functions.

14 AFI31-121 2 MAY 2018

3.2.1.6.3. An MWD has been identified and approved for adoption.

3.2.2. Identify requisition requirements as early as possible. It is not necessary to wait until an MWD dies or becomes incapacitated to requisition a replacement.

3.2.3. Requests for initial requisitions will be approved based upon authorizations which have been validated by the circumstances listed in Paragraph 3.2.1.

3.2.4. The only types of MWDs authorized for requisition by USAF units are:

3.2.4.1. Patrol Dog (PD), National Stock number (NSN) 8820-00-435-9005.

3.2.4.2. Patrol/Drug Detector Dog (PDDD), NSN 8820-00-243-7542.

3.2.4.3. Patrol/Explosive Detector Dog (PEDD), NSN 8820-00-188-3880.

3.2.4.4. Drug Detector Dog (DDD)/Large, NSN 8820-00-238-8577.

3.2.4.5. Explosive Detector Dog (EDD), NSN 8820-00-043-3526.

3.3. Military Working Dog Assignments. The objective of the assignment process is to provide the AF with an equal distribution of MWDs. The USAF MWD PM will assign MWDs to units based upon the needs of the AF. Assignments will be posted and tracked in WDMS.

3.4. Military Working Dog Dispositions. Squadron Commanders submit all MWD disposition requests to the USAF MWD PM in accordance with the MWD Disposition and Adoption

Procedures Guide. The USAF MWD PM reviews all packages for completeness prior to submission to the 341 TRS and provides concurrence or non-concurrence via the Disposition

Request Memorandum. Dispositions will be posted and tracked in WDMS. Additional guidance in AFI 31-126. (T-1).

3.4.1. There are only three (3) types of dispositions authorized for MWDs. The Squadron

Commander must consider recommendations from the KM, veterinarian, and bite muzzle video results provided by a trained local/regional veterinarian before making the final disposition recommendation. (T-1).

3.4.1.1. Adopt the MWD to a suitable home. Adoption by a former handler will have first preference when determined to be in the best interest of the MWD and before persons capable of humanely caring for the dog.

3.4.1.2. Transfer to another law enforcement agency if medically eligible.

3.4.1.3. Euthanasia can only be performed after veterinary consultation with 341

TRS/SGV. However, there are exigent circumstances in which the veterinarian may need to conduct an emergency euthanasia. Notify 341 TRS/SGV if an emergency euthanasia occurs.

3.4.2. KMs will not conduct any bite muzzle tests that are not in accordance with the MWD disposition and adoption procedures reference material, located in the WDMS Library. (T-1).

3.4.2.1. KMs may return excess MWDs to the 341 TRS only when authorized and approved in writing by USAF MWD PM.

AFI31-121 2 MAY 2018 15

Chapter 4

MILITARY WORKING DOG PROGRAM AND UTILIZATION

4.1. Objective. Provide SF an enhanced capability to secure protection level resources, enforce military laws and regulations, suppress the use of illegal drugs, detect explosives, and protect installations and resources during peacetime, war, and in support of operations other than war.

Select posts with first consideration given to the MWD’s keen sense of smell. MWDs are most effective during nighttime hours and in areas of minimal activity. Rotate MWDTs through all appropriate posts to meet operational needs and to maintain proficiency of the MWDT.

4.1.1. MWDTs should not to be placed on static posts unless an MWDT is conducting explosives or narcotics detection, observation or listening post duties, or psychological deterrence duties.

4.1.2. MWDs may be used to, but not limited to, conduct the following duties:

4.1.2.1. Law Enforcement. Controlled aggression certified MWDs seek, detect, bite and hold, and guard suspects on command during patrol. Note: MWDs provide a psychological deterrence and can defend their handlers during threatening situations.

They can assist in crowd control and confrontation management, and search for suspects and lost personnel, indoors and outdoors.

4.1.2.2. Drug Suppression. DDD teams are specially trained in drug detection and support the AF goal of a drug-free environment. Their renowned capability to detect illegal drugs deters drug use and possession, and is a valuable adjunct to other commander's tools such as urinalysis and investigation.

4.1.2.3. Explosive Detection. EDD teams are exceptionally valuable in antiterrorism operations. They are capable of detecting unexploded ordnance, quickly searching large areas during bomb threats, and are valuable in augmenting Explosive Ordnance Disposal

(EOD) capabilities.

4.1.2.3.1. EDDs may be used to assess/examine suspicious/unattended packages after considering any visual indicators such as wires, stains, or leakage and other mitigating risk factors like experience and enhanced training of the EDD team.

However, MWDs may not be used to validate the response of another MWD or mechanical device used to detect explosives or narcotics.

4.1.2.3.2. In a theater of combat when EOD is not available and an item needs to be examined, the Squadron Commander will determine if the search will be conducted with recommendation from the attending KM or MWD handler. (T-3)

4.1.2.3.3. When examining such an item, the handler should consider the avenue of approach, local threats and enemy TTPs, and using the MWD off leash or on a long leash to maintain standoff.

4.1.2.4. Combat Operations. In war fighting roles, MWDTs provide enhanced patrol and detection capability to perimeter and point defense. In bare base operations, deploy

MWDs as an early warning system. Given the range of potential contingencies, drug and explosives detection are also valuable added capabilities in these environments.

16 AFI31-121 2 MAY 2018

4.1.2.4.1. Under no circumstances will any type of MWD be used in the interrogation or interview of Enemy Prisoners of War (EPW) or detainees. Refer to AFMAN 31-

219, USAF Military Working Dog Program, for more guidance on contingency operations.

4.1.2.5. Physical Security. The MWDT can augment detection roles and temporarily replace inoperative sensor systems. MWDs should not be posted longer than two hours if utilized in this regard. The effectiveness of the teams is reduced greatly after this time period.

4.1.2.6. MWDT Operations. Only MWDTs with current validation/qualifications can be employed in active patrol duties or as a reliable informant [drug, explosive] in a probable cause search or while conducting a search for suspects.

4.1.2.7. MWD Competitions and Demonstrations. MWDTs are encouraged to take part in public demonstrations and competitions conducted by civilian or military police agencies.

4.1.2.7.1. Demonstrations by EDDs are highly discouraged as it may generate unintended consequences such as prank bomb threats. It may also identify which

MWDs are EDDs, and inform criminals and terrorists what odors MWDs are capable of finding.

4.2. Military Working Dog Utilization and Employment. The Squadron Commander will establish local procedures for MWD utilization. These procedures must conform to all DoD and

AF Instructions, state and local laws (when applicable) and local Status of Forces Agreements

(SOFA) or other host nation agreements. Before publishing a local instruction, a legal review should occur.

4.2.1. MWD handlers should only be assigned one MWD as their responsibility to certify and work. However, handlers may be assigned and certified on a second MWD during times of handler shortages. Do not assign handlers to more than two MWDs. The additional certification should only be used sparingly with the intent of offsetting deployment and operational home station mission requirements. It is the responsibility of the kennel staff to maintain and care for any MWDs not assigned to a handler or while the MWD’s handler is on temporary duty (TDY) or leave.

4.2.1.1. The KM or Trainers ensure the MWD is exercised and groomed, and will ensure proficiency training is conducted. (T-3). This will be annotated by the handler in the

MWD’s AF Form 321 and 323.

4.2.1.2. KMs and Trainers may be certified with MWDs during times of extended handler shortages. If this occurs the Trainer conducts the validation for the KM and vice versa.

4.2.1.3. During an emergency bomb threat situation, the KM or Trainers may use another handler’s Military Working Dog for explosive detection only. The KM will make the decision based upon knowledge of the MWD and of the situation. (T-3).

4.2.2. Searches. The installation Staff Judge Advocate (SJA) will provide guidance on conducting searches. (T-2).

4.2.2.1. Detector dogs will never be used to search a person. (T-1).

AFI31-121 2 MAY 2018 17

4.2.2.2. The official authorizing a search must be confident of the detector dog's ability to successfully detect. (T-2).

4.2.2.3. Coordinate searches of postal facilities with the installation SJA.

4.2.3. A Probable Cause (PC) folder is maintained by the KMon all validated and certified detector dogs. This folder is compiled by the KM to provide assurance and continuity for detector teams. Each MWDT will have a PC folder and each folder will contain:

4.2.3.1. A general record of the training and experience of the MWDT (AF Form 321).

(T-2).

4.2.3.2. A detailed record showing the number of checks or searches, by date, locations, responses, and finds (AF Form 323). This information will be maintained by the KM for a minimum of three months in the PC folder. The KM will transfer records older than three months to the permanent folder. (T-2).

4.2.3.3. A record showing when the search granting authority reviewed the PC records.

The search-granting authority or designee will review each folder quarterly or after initial certification and document the review by signature and date. (T-2).

4.2.3.4. A memorandum verifying the search-granting authority or delegated authority witnessed a detection certification demonstration in accordance with Chapter 6 of this instruction. The memorandum will contain the date of certifications, the substances used, and the results of the MWDT's effort. (T-2). Conduct all certifications on leash. (T-2).

4.2.3.5. Current OTP. (T-2).

4.2.4. The KM will prepare a quarterly summary statement documenting the reliability of each certified detector team. (T-2). The statement will include the total time of detection in actual and training searches in each area shown on the AF Form 323. (T-2). The summary will accuratley reflect other facts in the file and include the validation test percentage of accuracy. (T-2). This record accompanies the MWDTs when TDY. The current quarterly will be maintained in the teams PC folder and filed in the MWD’s permanent record when no longer current. (T-2).

4.2.5. MWDTs are authorized to provide detection support to civilian law enforcement agencies (CLEA) as long as the support incurs no costs to the government and does not impact unit readiness. For further information on support to CLEAs and other non-DoD agencies, refer to Chapter 11.

4.2.6. EDD teams primarily respond to explosive threats or serve as a deterrent through random searches. Use the following guidance when responding to bomb threats or situations where the presence of explosive devices is suspected:

4.2.6.1. Evacuate the area depending upon the threat received, local policy, and/or when ordered by installation officials.

4.2.6.2. Do not move or disturb anything. Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) can be triggered many ways, including lifting, tilting, pushing, pulling, or by remote detonation.

4.2.6.3. If lights or other electrical or mechanical appliances are on, leave them on. If lights are off, leave them off until the search is completed.

18 AFI31-121 2 MAY 2018

4.2.6.4. Note areas where the MWD shows significant interest, but failed to give a response so EOD can conduct follow-up searches.

4.2.6.5. Do not touch or retrieve suspected objects or allow the MWD to scratch, paw, or bite at the object.

4.2.6.6. If the MWD responds during a search, mark the area and immediately notify

EOD personnel. Do not re-enter the area with the MWD for the purpose of pinpointing or to further investigate the object.

4.2.6.6.1. It is strictly prohibited to use a second MWD to confirm or deny the legitimacy of the response. This practice adds unnecessary confusion and danger to the situation, especially if one MWD alerts and the other does not.

4.2.6.6.2. EOD will determine if the package, object, or area is safe. (T-2).

4.2.7. Refer to AFMAN 31-219 for further information on MWD employment.

4.3. Safety Procedures. All personnel will adhere to the safety procedures in the AFI at all times to protect MWDs and personnel who encounter MWDs. (T-1). The following safety rules apply.

4.3.1. KMs will:

4.3.1.1. Enforce established procedures. (T-1).

4.3.1.2. Establish and enforce physical control measures to prevent MWDs from getting loose in the MWD Kennel Facility. (T-1).

4.3.1.3. Establish a “one-way system” in the kennel per AFMAN 31-219, USAF Military

Working Dog Program. This system must be identified by ground/wall signs and explained in the local operating instructions. (T-1).

4.3.1.4. Provide bilingual safety instructions for local national personnel performing kennel care duties where applicable. (T-1).

4.3.1.5. Never allow privately owned or stray animals into the kennel and training area.

(T-1).

4.3.1.6. Establish emergency evacuation procedures for MWDs from the kennels. (T-1).

4.3.1.6.1. An emergency alternate kennel plan will be identified in the emergency evacuation procedures. (T-1). Emergency kennels can be as simple as maintaining

MWDs in an MWD transportation trailer until the situation is resolved.

4.3.1.7. Establish emergency medical and transportation procedures in coordination with servicing veterinarian. (T-1). Include 24-hour emergency contact information and exigent care procedures and post in the kennels and at the Base Defense Operations Center

(BDOC).

4.3.2. MWD Trainers will:

4.3.2.1. Enforce established procedures. (T-1).

4.3.2.2. Verify no obvious hazards pose a threat to MWDTs within a designated training area. (T-1).

AFI31-121 2 MAY 2018 19

4.3.3. All personnel handling MWDs will:

4.3.3.1. Keep a safe distance between MWDTs at all times. (T-3). A safe distance is the length of the leash being used plus 3-feet.

4.3.3.1.1. There may be times when exigent situations require MWDs to operate in close proximity to others. It should be identified in the records how the MWD reacts to personnel and other dogs within close proximity.

4.3.3.1.2. Maintain a short safety leash when within six-feet of other personnel and/or dogs. (T-3).

4.3.3.2. Warn others by loudly announcing their presence when an MWDT could unexpectedly encounter a bystander, such as walking or running around blind corners, using stairs, or passing an open door. (T-1). The handler will use phrases such as, “DOG

COMING AROUND” – “DOG COMING BY” – “DOG COMING UP/DOWN”. (T-1).

4.3.3.3. Never allow anyone, regardless of position, rank or experience, to pet the MWD under their control. (T-1).

4.3.3.3.1. Exception: When an MWD is in the adoption process or is a puppy in the foster program, the MWD may be exposed or handled by others to ensure the MWD can be safely transferred to potential adopters and foster families.

4.3.3.4. Use a leather collar, in conjunction with the choke chain and kennel chain, to stake an MWD. (T-1).

4.3.3.4.1. Never secure the MWD to any movable object, especially a vehicle. (T-1).

4.3.3.4.2. Never use a leash to secure an MWD to any object. (T-1).

4.3.3.4.3. Never stake the MWD where it could injure itself or others. (T-1).

4.3.3.4.4. Ensure MWDs are protected from harsh environmental conditions when able to do so. (T-1). Stake MWD in areas where the MWD is protected from the elements and ensure adequate water is available.

4.3.3.5. Check the MWD frequently, as determined by KM, if left unattended in a temporary kennel or shipping crate. (T-2).

4.3.3.5.1. Ensure the leather collar remains on the MWD when kenneled in a temporary kennel or shipping crate. (T-2).

4.3.3.6. Remove leather collar and choke chain while MWDs are in a permanent kennel run. (T-2).

4.3.3.6.1. Exception: The 341 TRS is permitted to keep leather collars on recently procured MWDs awaiting training as necessary. This exception applies only to recently procured MWDs in training and is based upon safety, identification, and training concerns.

4.3.3.7. Only relinquish control of the MWD to other trained handlers or qualified veterinary personnel. (T-1).

20 AFI31-121 2 MAY 2018

4.3.3.7.1. In case of an emergency and no trained handlers or veterinary personnel are available, muzzle the MWD and relinquish control to personnel knowledgeable of how to transport and kennel the MWD.

4.3.3.8. Utilize basket muzzle during Veterinary visits and while in transport/traveling.

4.3.3.8.1. Nylon muzzle use is authorized in certain situations; however, do not use if

MWD is in distress since it will restrict breathing and panting causing the MWD to overheat and asphyxiate.

4.3.4. Veterinary Clinic Safety Procedures:

4.3.4.1. The MWD will be muzzled prior to entering any veterinary clinic. Note: Nylon muzzle use is prohibited during veterinary visits.

4.3.4.2. Obtain permission from the veterinary staff prior to entering the clinic.

4.3.4.3. MWDs will not be allowed to jump onto or off of the examination tables.

Handlers will drape the leash around the MWD’s neck, place one arm under the MWD’s chest and the other arm under the rear of the MWD, and lift the MWD onto and off of the table.

4.4. Military Working Dog Use of Force. The release of an MWD to bite and hold or allowing it to bite is considered Less-Lethal Use of Force (UoF). Whenever an MWD is used as a means of force, ensure the MWD’s action is only the amount of force necessary to render the subject incapable of continuing the actions which led you to use force. Using an MWD to apply Less-

Lethal Force is subject to the same standards of objective reasonableness and totality of circumstances as deadly force. Kennel Masters will follow Non-lethal Weapons discharge procedures in AFI 31-117, Arming and Use of Force by Air Force Personnel, regardless of whether or not injuries were sustained. For further information regarding use of force, refer to

AFI 31-117.

4.4.1. During the following situations, handlers will warn people that their MWD may bite with or without command, regardless if the MWD has been trained to attack or not: (T-1).

4.4.1.1. Challenging an individual.

4.4.1.2. Approaching a suspect.

4.4.1.3. Checking a person's identification.

4.4.1.4. Participating in any situation that requires the handler to divert full attention from the MWD.

4.4.2. Only MWDs trained and validated in accordance with this instruction by the KM will be authorized to be used as a means of use of force. (T-1).

4.4.3. When an MWD is to be released to attack a subject, the handler will:

4.4.3.1. Ensure the MWD has identified the target on which the handler intends to use force. (T-1).

4.4.3.2. Give the order, “Halt or I will release my dog,” if the situation permits time to give the warning. (T-1).

AFI31-121 2 MAY 2018 21

4.4.3.2.1. In foreign countries, also give this order in the primary language of the host country. Overseas units must provide training for the handlers in the host nation language for all Military Working Dog warnings. (T-1).

4.4.3.3. When able to, warn bystanders to cease all movement before releasing the

MWD. (T-1).

4.4.4. When an MWD is released, the handler will:

4.4.4.1. Follow the MWD as closely as possible after the MWD is released to bite and hold. (T-1).

4.4.4.2. Call the MWD off the pursuit if the subject stops, indicates surrender, or is no longer visible. (T-1).

4.4.5. If the MWD bites the subject, the handler will:

4.4.5.1. Use extreme caution when removing an MWD from a suspect as the MWD will be in an…