A03-ATT0008 2.5 item j I3A Technical Criteria (for OSP Only) November 2017.pdf

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY

UNITED STATES ARMY INFORMATION

SYSTEMS ENGINEERING COMMAND

FORT HUACHUCA, ARIZONA 85613-5300

TECHNICAL CRITERIA

FOR THE

INSTALLATION INFORMATION

INFRASTRUCTURE ARCHITECTURE

(OUTSIDE PLANT ONLY)

BY

IMPLEMENTATION ENGINEERING

SUBJECT MATTER EXPERT

NOVEMBER 2017

FORT DETRICK ENGINEERING DIRECTORATE

Distribution C Distribution authorized to U.S. Government agencies and their contractors only, for administrative or operational use, February 2010. Refer other requests for this document to Commander, U.S. Army Information Systems Engineering Command, ATTN: ELIE-ISE-DE, Fort Detrick, MD 21702.

Technical Criteria for the Installation Information Infrastructure Architecture (OSP), November 2017 ii

DISCLAIMER

The use of trade names in this document does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use of such commercial hardware or software. Do not cite this document for advertisement.

CHANGES

Refer requests for all changes that affect this document to:

USAISEC, ATTN: ELIE-ISE-DE, Fort Detrick, MD 21702- 5047.

DISPOSITION INSTRUCTIONS

Destroy this document when no longer needed. Do not return it to the organization. Safeguard and destroy this document with consideration given to its classification or distribution statement requirements.

iii iv

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

The following information summarizes the changes or additions to this version of the TC for I3A.

General

• Changed release date from February 2010 to November 2017.

• Removed Chapter 2 in its entirety. Chapter 2 in the February 2010 version of the I3A

Technical Criteria was entitled “Building Telecommunications Cabling System Specifications” and provided specifications for Inside Plant (ISP) Infrastructure. In June 2016, a new Unified Facilities Criteria document was published that superseded chapter 2 of the I3A Technical Criteria. The UFC is entitled “Telecommunications Interior Infrastructure Planning and Design” (UFC 3-580-01) and is available for download at http://wbdg.org/ffc/dod/unified-facilities-criteria-ufc . Chapter 3 of this document “Outside Plant Telecommunications Cabling System Specifications” remains in effect until the Unified Facilities Criteria document for outside plant infrastructure (OSP) is published. The UFC for OSP is currently in development and will be titled “Telecommunications Exterior Infrastructure Planning and Design”

(UFC 3-580-02).

http://wbdg.org/ffc/dod/unified-facilities-criteria-ufc v

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

1.2 Scope

1.3 Supporting Appendices or Attachments

3 OUTSIDE PLANT TELECOMMUNICATIONS CABLING SYSTEM

SPECIFICATIONS

3.1 Classified Information Infrastructure

3.2 System Overview

3.3 System Architecture

3.4 Environmental and Historical Considerations

3.5 General Considerations

3.6 Outside Plant Cable Placement Options

3.7 Underground (Maintenance Holes, Cable Vaults, and Ducts)

3.8 Direct Buried Cable Installation

3.9 Crossing Obstructions

3.10 Aerial Cable

3.11 Free Space Optics

3.12 General Range Information Infrastructure Design

3.13 General Airfield and Air Traffic Control (ATC) Information Infrastructure Design 34

3.14 Pier Installation

3.15 General Cable Specifications

3.16 Main Distribution Frame (MDF)

3.17 Building Terminations

3.18 Grounding

3.19 Final Acceptance Test

Appendices

APPENDIX C. NORTH AMERICA AND EUROPE DRAWINGS ..................................C-1

GLOSSARY. ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS .................................. GLOSSARY-1

Tables Table 3. Maximum Length of Conduit Containing Bends Table 4. Extending the Point of Entrance Table 5. Duct Standards for Directional Boring Table 6. Multimode Dual-windowed Fiber Cable Characteristics Table 7. Single-mode Dual-windowed Fiber Cable Characteristics Table 8. Non-zero Dispersion-shifted Single-mode FOC Characteristics Table 9. Fiber Sizing Between Buildings Table 10. Standard Cable Reel Lengths and Diameters Table 11. European Standard Cable Reel Lengths and Diameters Table 12. Cable Spreadsheet Sample vi

Table D-1. Outside Plant References .................................................................................. D-1

Figures Figure C-1. OSP Infrastructure Standards – North America ...............................................C-1 Figure C-2. Drawing Symbols – North America and Europe .............................................C-2 Figure C-3. Conduit Placement/Cut and Resurface – North America .................................C-3 Figure C-4. Typical Maintenance Hole – North America (1 of 2) ......................................C-4 Figure C-5. Typical Maintenance Hole – North America (2 of 2) ......................................C-5 Figure C-6. Pedestals and Building Entrance Details – North America (1 of 2) .................C-6 Figure C-7. Pedestals and Building Entrance Details – North America (2 of 2) .................C-7 Figure C-8. MDF and Cable Vault Schematic – North America ........................................C-8 Figure C-9. OSP Infrastructure Standards – Europe ...........................................................C-9 Figure C-10. Conduit Placement/Cut and Resurface – Europe .........................................C-10 Figure C-11. Typical Maintenance Hole – Europe (1 of 2) ...............................................C-11 Figure C-12. Typical Maintenance Hole – Europe (2 of 2) ...............................................C-12 Figure C-13. Pedestals and Building Entrance Details – Europe (1 of 2) .........................C-13 Figure C-14. Pedestals and Building Entrance Details – Europe (2 of 2) .........................C-14 Figure C-15. MDF and Cable Vault Schematic – Europe .................................................C-15

TECHNICAL CRITERIA FOR THE INSTALLATION INFORMATION

INFRASTRUCTURE ARCHITECTURE

1 INTRODUCTION

This Technical Criteria (TC) document provides the baseline requirements for the planning, design, and implementation of the Installation Information Infrastructure Architecture (I3A) for Army installations worldwide. This document establishes an implementation concept that can be used to shape architectural templates and to influence the design process for the I3A. It identifies proven infrastructure construction techniques, defines common practices, and serves as an authoritative implementation criterion.

1.1 Background

In previous engineering designs, each area of communications was addressed separately, to include design standards, schedules, and funding. This approach led to confusion, design re-engineering, and duplication of effort. The I3A concept was initiated to synchronize the efforts and formulate a more efficient and effective design process. The I3A, developed by the U.S. Army Chief Information Officer/G6 (CIO/G6), establishes an Army-wide Information Technology (IT) architectural design standard. The I3A is the source to fuel effective Army Knowledge Management (AKM) necessary to support the Army Transformation Campaign Plan. The I3A captures installation infrastructure, synchronizes the implementation of automation programs, provides for analysis of operational force and sustaining base connectivity, and identifies the costs associated with information technology (IT) modernization.

The I3A Configuration Control Board (CCB), chaired by the CIO/G6, manages I3A issues and tracks developments in IT, information assurance, enterprise systems management (ESM), and automation information systems (AIS). The CCB, which oversees several working groups that address IT issues, meets quarterly. The Army Standing Committee on Information Technology in Support of Military Construction meets annually and is chaired by the U.S. Army Information Systems Engineering Command’s Fort Detrick Engineering Directorate (USAISEC FDED) and Headquarters, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (HQ USACE). This committee addresses any and all issues related to the incorporation of information systems (IS) in support of Army military construction (MILCON) projects.

1.2 Scope

This TC document is intended to support gathering the necessary requirements, conducting site surveys, and performing analysis, design, and implementation of IT. It specifically assists the designer in the integration of the telecommunications and information systems. This TC is also synchronized with the Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC), which are mandated under Department of Defense (DOD) policy. The UFC system is prescribed by Military Standard (MIL-STD) 3007, Standard Practice for Unified Facilities Criteria and Unified Facilities Guide Specifications and provides planning, design, construction, sustainment, restoration, and modernization criteria. The standard applies to military departments, defense agencies, and DOD field activities in accordance with (IAW) the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition Technology and Logistics (AT&L) Memorandum dated 29 May 2002.

The Unified Facilities Criteria are “living” documents and will be periodically reviewed, updated, and made available to users as part of the Services’ responsibility for providing technical criteria for military construction. Headquarters, USACE; the Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC); and the Air Force Civil Engineer Support Agency (AFCESA) are responsible for administration of the UFC system. Defense agencies shall contact the preparing Service for document interpretation and improvements. Technical content of each UFC is the responsibility of the pertinent DOD working group. Recommended changes with supporting rationale shall be sent to the respective Service proponent office by Criteria Change Request (CCR). The Unified Facilities Criteria are effective upon issuance and are distributed only in electronic media from the following source: Whole Building Design Guide at website http://dod.wbdg.org/. Hard copies of UFC printed from electronic media shall be checked against the current electronic version prior to use to ensure the hard copies are current.

1.3 Supporting Appendices or Attachments

This amended TC document is divided into two (2) sections: Introduction and Outside Plant (OSP).

An Appendix and a Glossary of acronyms and abbreviations are also included.

Appendix C: North America and Europe (OSP) Drawings Glossary: Acronyms and Abbreviations http://dod.wbdg.org/

This page intentionally left blank.

3 OUTSIDE PLANT TELECOMMUNICATIONS CABLING SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS

This section provides engineering and installation standards for the OSP infrastructure for projects that support the core enterprise information infrastructure at Army posts, camps, bases, and stations worldwide. The OSP System is designed to satisfy I3A policy IS requirements on a facility.

System design, integration, and quality assurance (QA) services are also part of this documentation.

The OSP shall be installed IAW the specifications referenced within this document, with modifications and clarifications provided below. Telecommunications design shall be performed and stamped by an RCDD.

3.1 Classified Information Infrastructure

Engineers engaged in the design of classified (collateral or higher) Information Infrastructure shall coordinate the infrastructure design with the CTTA and DAA responsible for that area. This TC does not replace the publications that have been produced to support the design of the Red/Black infrastructure. The engineer shall consult the following applicable documents for consideration and design guidance.

If a hardened carrier distribution system (HCDS) is implemented, as detailed in the design drawings, the HCDS shall include only the HCDS, the FOC, and a lock box or cabinet. The HCDS hand holes and maintenance holes shall be considered part of the HCDS system and are expected to be fully compliant with NSTISSI 7003, Protected Distribution Systems (PDS). Specifically, the walls of the installed HCDS hand holes and/or maintenance holes shall meet or exceed the minimum requirements for encasing the HCDS.

If a CTTA review is required, and the review determines that TEMPEST countermeasures are required, the CTTA shall consider a variety of methods that can be applied to the system/facility to achieve TEMPEST security. The Red/Black guidance contained in NSTISSAM TEMPEST/2-95 (For Official Use Only (FOUO)) shall be considered by the CTTA along with other measures (e.g., TEMPEST Zoning, TEMPEST suppressed equipment and shielding) to determine the most cost-effective countermeasures to achieve TEMPEST security. Only those Red/Black criteria specifically identified by the CTTA shall be implemented. Additional information on grounding can be found in MIL-STD-188-124-B and MIL-HDBK-419-A.

3.2 System Overview

Items included in the OSP infrastructure are maintenance hole and duct; copper cable; FOC; the MDF; terminations; cable vaults; multiplexing equipment; environmentally-controlled housings;

cross-connects; and copper and FO entrance cable. An overall schematic for OSP sizing of duct and cable is provided in Figure C-1 (Figure C-9 for Europe) – OSP Infrastructure Standards.

3.3 System Architecture

The DOD currently employs a number of architecture topologies for the OSP design; these include ring, star, and mesh configurations. The topologies are based upon telephone or dial central offices (CO/DCO), MCNs), ADNs, and EUBs. The Army’s goal is to migrate to a fiber-only cable plant, but this migration will occur over time as the voice network switches on the installation migrate from a copper-only capability to the ability to attach to either fiber or copper. The intent is to provide data and voice service at the lowest possible cost, to include total cost of ownership. Each installation and situation has to be individually analyzed to determine the best technical solution, based on the sources of investment. The DOD is spearheading the effort to converge voice and data over the same transport layer. Connectivity between nodes, and from the nodes to EUBs, provides the post transport backbone. The OSP designer shall design the OSP infrastructure to support the topology of the service that has authority over the construction project, and the design shall allow for future migration to a converged network.

3.3.1 Minimum New Cable Requirements

If the design requires installation of new cable, the following minimum requirements and Section

3.15.4.5 apply.

3.3.1.1 MCN to MCN

For planning purposes, a minimum of 24 strands of single-mode FOC between MCNs shall be used to provide load balancing, network reliability, and growth.

3.3.1.2 MCN to ADN/ADN to ADN

Design a minimum of 12 strands of single-mode FOC between the ADN and MCN. Design a minimum of 24 strands of single-mode FOC between each ADN and two adjacent physical ADN locations, or to one ADN and one MCN location.

3.3.1.3 ADN to EUB

Design a minimum of 12 strands of single-mode FOC to connect an EUB with fewer than 300 users to an ADN. Design a minimum of 24 strands of single-mode FOC to connect an EUB with between 300 and 600 users to an ADN. Design a minimum of 24 strands of single-mode FOC from an EUB with more than 600 users, to an ADN location. Include four additional strands for 100-user increments above 600 users, up to 48 strands.

3.3.2 MCN/ADN Cable Paths

The physical path of the cable from a physical ADN location to each adjacent MCN/ADN shall be directly to the connected MCN/ADN without routing through or patching through any other building, with the exception of stand-alone cable huts or vaults.

3.3.2.1 Copper

Calculate the number of OSP copper pairs by multiplying the number of users, outlets, or jumpers in the building by 1.5 pairs. For new construction or renovations, multiply the number of estimated outlets by 1.5. This factor shall add in some additional pairs for faxes, modems, and special circuits. Then, size the cable to the next largest industry standard cable size. For example, a building with 85 users would require a 200-pair cable (85 x 1.5 = 128 200 pair).

3.3.3 Redundant Cable Paths

The backbone networks are normally constructed with a concrete-encased path so that a single cable cut cannot isolate any core node or critical node from other core nodes. The user shall present official justification for placing two physically diverse cable routes from an EUB location to a node location. Such justification shall include DOD directives and DAA certification.

3.4 Environmental and Historical Considerations

Most military installations contain areas that may be affected by environmental or historical matters. Environmental hazards may include toxic waste, fuel spillage/leakage, asbestos, unexploded ordnance, etc. Wildlife preservation may be another area of concern at some sites.

Compliance with historical restrictions shall require special engineering considerations (type of exterior facing, mounting of terminals, placement of pedestals, etc.). These types of situations shall be further defined in the design package. Disposal of waste materials shall be accomplished by the installer IAW the site’s documented procedures for clean and/or environmentally hazardous material as specified in the design package.

3.4.1 Price of Conformance

Although these issues may not appear to have a high impact on the engineering solution, the price of conformance to site restrictions may add considerable cost to the project. Special conditions shall be discussed with the NEC, and agreements shall be documented.

3.5 General Considerations

3.5.1 Digging Permits

The installer shall coordinate with the site Directorate of Public Works (DPW) to schedule all excavation and obtain the required digging permits. Permission (approved digging permits) shall be obtained from the site prior to the start of any excavation and/or construction.

3.5.2 Utility Location

Unless otherwise stated in the design package, the NEC or DPW shall be responsible for the location and marking of utilities. The installer shall furnish a schedule of proposed excavation involving utility locations to the NEC/DPW in sufficient time to allow marking. Since each NEC/DPW has different operating requirements, the location’s lead-time shall be stated in the design package. An acceptable utility mark shall be within 24 inches (600 mm) of the edge of the utility. After the utilities are located and marked, the installer is responsible for maintaining the marks until they are no longer required. The intent is that the utilities shall be located and marked only once and not after each rainfall.

3.5.3 Pot Holing

The installer, either U.S. Government or contractor, is responsible for positively determining the exact location and depth of all marked utilities suspected to be within 24 inches (600 mm) of the proposed excavation or directional drilling. The installer shall make this determination by hand-digging and/or pot-holing to ensure the trenching or boring/drilling equipment does not damage the utilities. When pot-holing in road surfaces prior to boring operations, the installer shall create an initial hole no larger than 12 in x 12 in (300 mm x 300 mm). However, the installer may increase the hole’s size as needed to determine the exact size and depth of the utility being located.

3.5.4 Slot Trenching

With the approval of the U.S. Government, the installer may use vacuum excavation equipment to dig slot trenches. Slot trenches may be used for the installation of conduit or cable through congested areas having poorly marked utilities that cannot be avoided by adjusting cable routes.

3.5.5 Road Crossings

The designer shall plan the cable route to cross the road only as necessary to serve subscribers.

Such crossings shall be constructed by cutting or sawing perpendicularly across the road, by trenching perpendicularly across the road, by directional boring under the road, or by pipe pushing under the road. Aerial infrastructure shall not be used. Pavements shall not be cut where the traffic detection wires of traffic light control systems are embedded.

3.5.6 Cuts and Resurfaces

Cuts shall typically extend at least 6 inches beyond either side of the trench to provide a stable base for the surface material, unless the design package directs otherwise. Roads, streets, parking lots, etc., shall only be closed for as long as is necessary to complete the work required to place the duct (including tamping the backfill) and to allow the slurry, concrete, and/or asphalt to set IAW the manufacturer’s specifications.

Once the concrete or slurry has set, the surface shall be restored to its original condition within 72 hours, unless otherwise approved by the Government. Certain streets or roadways may have cutting restrictions or special requirements that require traffic be resumed as soon as possible. Contractors shall be prepared to comply with these restrictions and requirements. As an option, steel plates may be used in order to open the street to traffic while the material is curing.

3.5.6.1 Dowels

Construction joints resulting from restoration in concrete pavement over 180 mm (7 inches) thick or subjected to heavy vehicle traffic shall be doweled. Dowels may be required in thicknesses of under 7 inches (180 mm), as specified by the DPW or its equivalent.

3.5.6.2 Right-of-Way Permits and Easements

The U.S. Government will verify and document that for any crossing requiring a right-of-way permit or easement, such a permit shall be available to the installer. The installer shall be responsible for obtaining the appropriate permits and approvals in a timely manner to ensure compliance with established completion dates.

3.5.7 Materials

The following are materials that may be encountered.

3.5.7.1 Rock

Pavement shall be not considered as rock. Rock shall be defined as the following which cannot be moved without systematic drilling and blasting or the use of a rock saw:

a. Boulders measuring ½ - cubic yard (yd3) (0.382-cubic meter [cm3]) or more.

b. Other material such as rock in ledges, bedded deposits, un-stratified masses, and conglomerate deposits.

c. Below-ground concrete masonry structures.

Rock shall be excavated to a minimum of 4 inches (100 mm) below the trench depths required for the placement of duct bank or cable. Prior to placing the duct or cable, the installer shall backfill the rock excavation and all excess trench excavation with a cushion of sand at least 4 inches (100

mm) deep. Refer to Unified Facilities Guide Specifications (UFGS) UFGS-02300, Earthwork, July 2004, for additional excavation details.

3.5.7.2 Unstable Soil

When wet or otherwise unstable soil that is incapable of properly supporting the conduit or maintenance hole is encountered in the trench bottom, the installer shall, at no additional cost to the U.S. Government, remove such soil to the depth required, establish a sound base, and backfill the trench to trench bottom grade with coarse sand or fine gravel. The site’s U.S. Government representative shall determine whether or not the soil is unstable. Refer to UFGS-02300 for additional details on trenching. Applicable safety procedures, including Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), host nation, and local guidance shall be followed for shoring or sloping.

3.5.7.3 Select Backfill

The direct buried (DB) duct system shall be buried in layers of select backfill whenever the DB duct system is not concrete-encased. The backfill shall be placed IAW commercial standards and UFGS-02300, whichever is more stringent. Prior to placing any backfill over the duct, the installer shall obtain the signature of the on-site U.S. Government Quality Control (QC)/Quality Assurance (QA) representative, signifying the acceptability of the duct placement and spacing.

3.5.7.4 Flowable Fill or Slurry

The preferred method for backfilling the portion of the trench above concrete-encased duct systems under roads and parking lots is flowable fill, also known as slurry. The flowable fill shall have a compression strength rated between 50 to 100 pounds per square inch (lb/in2) (345 and 689 kilopascal [kPa]). Flowable fill shall not be used as a substitute for concrete encasement.

Backfilling the portion of the trench above concrete-encased duct systems under roads and parking lots with clean backfill is acceptable only with Government approval.

3.5.8 Backfilling

In accordance with UFGS-02300, all excavated areas around the new maintenance holes, ducts, or cables shall be backfilled with approved excavated materials consisting of earth, loam, sandy clay, sand, gravel, and soft shale, all of which shall be free from large clumps.

3.5.8.1 Placement

Backfill materials shall be deposited and tamped in 6-inch (150-mm) layers until the conduit has a cover of not less than 1 foot (300 mm). The remainder of the backfill materials shall be placed into the excavation and then tamped in 1-foot (300-mm) layers. The earth shall be graded to a reasonable uniformity, mounded, and left in a uniform and neat condition.

3.5.8.2 Unsatisfactory Materials

Blasted rock, large boulders, broken concrete, or pavement shall not be used as backfill materials.

3.5.8.3 Other Materials

A slurry or flowable fill type backfill can be used in lieu of a tamped backfill. The slurry or flowable fill shall have a compression strength rated between 50 to 100 lb/in2 (345 and 689 kPa) once it has set. Flowable fill shall not be used as a substitute for concrete encasement.

3.5.9 Restoration

Restoration to the same condition as found prior to construction shall be completed within 72 hours for all areas where no additional intrusion is required. Roads, streets, parking lots, etc. shall be closed only for as long as is required to complete the work and to allow the slurry, concrete, and/or asphalt to properly set IAW the manufacturers’ specifications. Installations may have cutting restrictions or special requirements for certain streets or roadways that require the contractor to reopen the road as soon as possible. Designers shall ensure that the contractors are prepared to comply with these restrictions and requirements.

3.5.9.1 Improved Areas

Roadways, walks, paved areas, and other surfaces disturbed by the installer shall be resurfaced with same type of material and to the same thickness as the original surface. Roadways shall have a minimum thickness of 3.5 inches (90 mm) of resurfaced pavement.

3.5.9.2 Grass

All grass surfaces shall be leveled and reseeded unless stated otherwise (such as the placement of sod) in the design package. For grassy areas where the installer shall have to bring heavy equipment back onto the construction site, the areas shall be rough-graded and covered with protective matting to prevent erosion. For durations longer than two weeks between construction and final disturbance, the installer shall rough-seed the area to provide cover until final grading and seeding are accomplished.

3.5.9.3 Dowels

Construction joints resulting from restoration in concrete pavement in excess of 7 inches (180 mm) thick or that is subjected to heavy vehicle traffic shall be doweled. Dowels may be required in thicknesses of fewer than 7 inches (180 mm) as specified by the DPW or equivalent.

3.5.9.4 Clean-up

Areas impacted by the installer’s construction (roads, sidewalks, parking lots, etc.) shall be kept free of waste, debris, washout, etc. The installer shall clean any mud tracks built up on roads, parking lots, etc., and/or any washouts within 24 hours of occurrence or as specified by the U.S.

Government.

3.5.10 Detection of Buried Cables and Underground Conduits

3.5.10.1 Warning Tape

All warning tape shall be polyethylene (PE) plastic tape, a minimum width of 150 mm (6 inches), IAW the APWA Uniform Color Code, and imprinted with the words "WARNING - TELECOMMUNICATION CABLE BELOW” at not more than 1.2-m (48-inch) intervals.

Minimum thickness of the tape shall be 0.10 mm (0.004 in). Tape shall have a minimum strength of

12.0 Megapascal (MPa) (1750 pounds per square inch [PSI]) lengthwise and 10.3 MPa (1500 PSI) crosswise. Tape shall be manufactured with integral wires, foil backing, or other means of enabling detection by a metal detector or underground cable detector typically used in the OSP industry when tape is buried up to 920 mm (3 feet) deep. The materials in the warning tape shall be chemically inert and will not degrade when exposed to acids, alkalis, and other destructive substances found in soil.

3.5.10.2 Detection Wire for Non-metallic Piping

Detection wire shall be insulated, single strand, solid copper with a minimum of 12 AWG coated with a minimum 30-mm PE jacket designed specifically for buried use.

3.5.10.3 Detectable Warning Tape Installation

Detectable warning tape shall be installed at a minimum of 305 mm (12 in) to 405 mm (18 in) above all new non-metallic conduit formations and DB cable installations, and it shall not exceed the manufacturer’s recommended depth below grade. The tape shall be placed at a depth of no less than 310 mm (12 inches) below surface grade. Buried cables include cables placed in open trenches and cables placed by plowing.

3.5.10.4 Permanent Tracer Wire

Permanent tracer wire shall be installed in all new duct banks. One tracer wire shall be installed per duct bank. The tracer wire shall be placed as centrically as possible in the top conduit formation.

When dielectric cable is installed in existing conduit formations that do not contain toneable cables, a tracer wire shall be installed along with the dielectric cable. Splices in the tracer wire shall be connected by means of a compression type connector to ensure continuity. Wire nuts shall not be used. After installation, tracer wire shall be tested to verify continuity of the tracer wire system and a report indicating continuity shall be submitted to the permitting authority as part of the as-built construction records.

3.6 Outside Plant Cable Placement Options

3.6.1 Building Entries

The standard method for entering buildings with new cable is as follows:

a. Underground cable: Underground through subsidiary or lateral conduits.

b. Direct-buried (DB) cable: Through galvanized rigid steel conduit (RSC) stub-outs from the building.

The use of above-ground entries in lieu of underground entries is permissible with Government approval.

3.6.1.1 Underground Entrance

Typical foundation types encountered include slab-on-grade, crawl space, full basement, and deep drilling on piles. Footers encountered may be continuous or non-continuous. The footer portion of the foundation shall not be cut. Entrance conduits shall pass below footers or through the building foundation wall. Galvanized RSC shall be placed where the entrance conduits pass through foundation walls. Annular spaces between the conduits and floors and walls shall be sealed to prevent water intrusion and shall be fire stopped as required by the National Electrical Code and local codes. Conduits shall extend between four to six inches above the finished floor or below the ceiling to aid in pulling cables. Entrance conduits shall be plugged or sealed to prevent water intrusion. Where conduits cannot be placed within 75 mm (3 in) of a wall, as shown in Figure C-7, Pedestals and Building Entrance Details (Figure C-14 for Europe), the conduits shall enter a pull box within the building.

3.6.1.2 Above Ground Entrances

Entrance conduits shall not be mounted on the exteriors of buildings unless previously approved by the U.S. Government. The location of existing main telephone terminal rooms on floors above the ground level is insufficient cause to justify mounting entrance conduits on the exteriors of buildings.

Where approved by the U.S. Government, the number of conduits mounted on the external walls of buildings shall be minimized. Pull boxes shall be placed where conduits penetrate external walls.

3.6.1.3 Pull Boxes

Pull boxes shall be sized IAW the guidance in Article 314.28 of the National Electrical Code 2008 (NFPA 70) and the cable manufacturer’s recommended cable bending radius (which-ever is greater) to accommodate the fiber optic and copper cables sized for the building. A basic premise of Article 314 for a pull box used for an angle turn is that the distance between raceway entries enclosing the same conductor (cable) shall not be less than six times the metric designator (trade size) of the larger raceway. For a 4-inch conduit, that distance measured on a straight line would be 24 inches.

The pull box shall be sized to accommodate the copper cable for the building even if installation of the copper cable is not part of the project. Electrical metallic tubing (EMT) shall not be used on the exteriors of buildings. Conduits mounted on the exteriors of buildings shall be hidden from view in a manner directed and approved by the U.S. Government.

3.6.1.4 Transition

The transition from plastic to RSC for entrance conduits shall take place at the bottom of the trench prior to sweeps or bends to the building.

3.6.1.5 Demarcation Point

For the purposes of this document, the demarcation point between OSP work/functions and inside plant work (ISP)/functions shall be the building entrance terminal (BET), also referred to as a protected entrance terminal (PET), for both copper and fiber optic cables. In other words, the OSP work shall include installing a cable into a building, installing the BET, and terminating the cable on this BET.

3.6.2 Underground

Underground pathways and spaces shall be dedicated for cable placement, e.g., DB cable, buried duct/conduit, maintenance holes, hand holes, and shared space, such as a utility tunnel providing other services. An underground maintenance hole and duct system, as required due to utility congestion, high traffic, or high building density, shall be used as the preferred method for placement of outside cable plant in new construction and rehabilitation within the site cantonment areas, unless otherwise specified in the design package. For the purposes of this document, “cantonment” is defined as that part of the military installation where the following buildings/functions are permanently located/concentrated: administrative offices, headquarters, operations buildings, motor pools, logistic facilities, troop barracks, dining facilities, garrison support functions, theaters, post exchanges, or any similar “concentration of buildings.” More than one cantonment area may be present on an installation, e.g., an airfield’s hangars, control tower, operations center, etc., may be considered a separate cantonment area. Family housing, rail heads, and maintenance facilities may or may not be included in the cantonment area. Ranges, training areas, drop zones, impact areas, ammunition storage areas, recreation areas, etc., are not part of the cantonment area. The existing maintenance hole and duct system shall be leveraged to the maximum extent possible by repairing and reusing damaged existing conduit runs and maintenance holes (where economically feasible) and by reinforcing the existing full conduit runs with new conduits. With U.S. Government approval, existing maintenance holes may be overbuilt to an adequate size.

3.6.3 Direct Buried

The DB cable plant system is the preferred method for placement in less congested areas.

3.6.4 Aerial

Aerial cable plant systems are not a preferred solution but may be used as specified in the design package. Exceptions may include range cables or other long runs through undeveloped areas;

locations where underground systems cannot be installed; or locations where compliance with local mandates is required. The desired or required reliability (i.e., “five nines” or 99.999% reliability) of some communications systems may preclude the use of aerial pathways. Aerial pathways and spaces may consist of poles, messenger wire, anchoring guy wires, splice closures, and terminals.

3.6.5 Pier and Bridge Telecommunications

Pier and bridge telecommunication systems shall be installed in ducts; pull boxes shall be placed at critical points. These critical points may be where the structure has a change of direction, where access for ship berths is required, or at a 90-degree bend. Duct expansion joints are required at each pier expansion joint and where the conduit enters a distribution point approximately 5 feet (1.5 m) from the point of entrance. For conduit systems on piers, the designer shall use polyvinyl chloride (PVC)-covered Galvanized Iron Pipe (GIP) or “red thread” fiberglass conduit and shall employ approved hardware hangers.

3.7 Underground (Maintenance Holes, Cable Vaults, and Ducts)

Supporting documentation for the design and construction of maintenance holes, cable vaults, and duct systems is found in ANSI/TIA/EIA-758, BICSI Customer Owned Outside Plant Telecommunications Cabling Standard; Rural Utilities Service (RUS) Bulletin 1751F-643/RUS Form 515C; RUS Bulletin 1751F-644; and RUS Bulletin 1753F-151. Refer to Table D-1 for the complete listings of these references.

3.7.1 Maintenance Holes

Maintenance holes are used to facilitate the placement and splicing of cables. Telecommunications maintenance holes shall not be shared with electrical installations other than those needed for the telecommunications equipment.

Maintenance holes are reinforced concrete units provided with a removable lid that permits internal access to the housed components via ladder or rungs. The maintenance holes accommodate cables, splice closures, racking systems, and low-voltage electronic equipment. Maintenance holes shall be equipped with corrosion-resistant pulling irons and cable racks that are grounded and with a sump for drainage. The quality of the concrete pour and the construction of the maintenance hole shall be such that the rebar or visible rock shall not be seen in the surface of a maintenance hole wall. In other words, the pour shall not have any voids.

Maintenance holes shall be installed on a leveled, crushed, washed gravel base of sufficient depth, i.e., a minimum thickness of 6 inches (150 mm) under the entire maintenance hole, to allow for drainage and stability. Where maintenance holes are installed in roadways, the structure and lid (cover) shall support heavy vehicular traffic. Refer to Figure C-4 (Figure C-11 for Europe), Typical Maintenance Hole, for additional details.

3.7.1.1 Type

The preferred maintenance hole is a pre-cast reinforced concrete, splayed or non-splayed, multi-directional type with cast-in single or multiple plastic terminators to accept the conduits. Thin concrete knockout sections may be provided for terminating multiple-bore conduits. The preferred maintenance hole interior size is 12 feet x 6 feet x 7 feet (3.7 m [length] x 1.8 m [width] x 2 m [height]). Other sizes may be used only with U.S. Government approval. Splayed maintenance holes shall be provided near DCOs and remote switching units (RSU), where future duct expansion is expected. Maintenance holes shall have a load rating of HS-20 for heavy vehicular traffic.

3.7.1.2 Basic Layout

Maintenance holes in main or lateral duct runs shall be placed as defined below. Measurements between maintenance holes are from lid-to-lid (center-to-center) (C/C), unless otherwise indicated.

Measurements from maintenance holes to buildings, to pedestals, to riser poles, etc., are from the maintenance hole lid to the outside wall, bottom of pole, etc. (center-to-point). New maintenance holes shall be placed to support the locations of junction points, offsets, load points, and curvature in the duct line.

The spacing of access points (maintenance holes or hand holes) in a maintenance hole and duct system is determined by the environment (containment area or range area); media to be installed (copper cables only, copper and fiber cables, or fiber cables only); proximity to cable origination points (DCO or nodes); and allowable pulling tension of the media. The following are a few design guidelines:

a. Maintenance holes and hand holes in duct systems in cantonment areas that have or will potentially have multiple cables (copper and fiber) shall not be spaced more that 600 feet apart.

b. Maintenance holes and hand holes in duct systems in sparsely populated areas or at the ends of runs that will contain only fiber or small copper cables (not to exceed 100 pair copper) can be spaced up to 1000 feet apart.

c. Maintenance holes and hand holes in duct systems in sparsely populated areas or at the ends of runs that will contain only fiber cables can be spaced up to 2000 feet apart.

d. Maintenance holes and hand holes used as splice points in direct buried systems (typically in ranges) can be placed as required (typically at the ends of reel splices).

The following are caveats:

a. Do not use a hand hole for copper cable splice points or for more than one fiber splice case.

b. Do not place maintenance holes or hand holes so far apart as to exceed the manufacturer’s recommended pulling tension for the cables.

c. Maintenance holes and hand holes may be placed closer together to accommodate distribution designs.

d. The maintenance holes near a DCO or node need to be full-sized (6 feet x 12 feet x 7 feet H) due to existing or potential multiple cables and multiple splice cases.

e. Any deviations from these guidelines require prior approval of the U.S. Government.

3.7.1.3 Accessories

Each new maintenance hole shall be equipped with a lid, sump, pulling-in irons, ground rod, bonding ribbon, cable racks, and hooks. Accessories shall be designed for use in a telecommunications maintenance hole. Cable hooks shall be placed IAW RUS Bulletin 1751F-643, RUS Bulletin 1753F-151, and the Lucent Technologies Document 900-200-318, Outside Plant Engineering Handbook, October 1996, Practices 632-305-215 and 919-240-300, to support the weight of the cable and splice case.

a. Maintenance Hole Lids: A maintenance hole shall include a point of egress for maintenance personnel. The maintenance hole lid shall be circular and not less than 30 inches (765

mm) in diameter and shall not violate the H-20 load rating of the maintenance hole. Additional lids or oversized lids may be provided for maintenance holes with special uses, i.e., oversized maintenance holes, maintenance holes containing carrier or loading equipment, or maintenance holes located outside a DCO. The lid shall fit in a steel ring or frame and be equipped with a concrete collar to be at grade level, as required. The frame and collar shall be attached to the maintenance hole IAW the manufacturer’s instructions, but as a minimum, the lid shall form a watertight seal and shall resist lateral movement if accidentally bumped. When stacked, collar sections shall be precisely matched with each other to prevent snagging of personnel or equipment when entering or exiting the maintenance hole. There shall be no overhangs between collar sections.

b. Locking Covers: The first maintenance hole outside a DCO or wire node; maintenance holes at critical junctions; or maintenance holes equipped with carrier equipment will have a lockable cover. Additional maintenance holes requiring lockable covers may be identified as such in the Statement of Work (SOW)/Engineering Design Plan (EDP). The preferred lockable lid cover is one that utilizes a lever and clamp mechanism placed into a receiver that is installed into the cover. The mechanism will allow the cover to be replaced without indexing the cover to the frame.

When locked, the mechanism will be flush with the frame surface, minimizing the potential for the cover to be dislodged. The bolt used to secure the cover is available in many configurations and can only be turned with a socket provided by the manufacturer. The U.S. Government will select the bolt configuration. A disposable tamper-evident plastic cap snaps into the lock body covering the recessed bolt head, keeping dirt and debris out of the bolt area. An alternative means of securing the maintenance hole utilizes an inner, water-resistant cover that can be locked by means of a General Services Administration (GSA)-approved, changeable combination lock. The U.S.

Government will provide the locks.

c. Sump: A sump shall be cast into the floor of the maintenance hole. The floor shall slope toward the sump to provide drainage into the sump from all areas. The sump shall be approximately 13 in x 13 in (330 mm x 330 mm), or a 13-in (330-mm) diameter circle, and shall be 4 inches (100 mm) deep, covered with a removable perforated or punched plate to permit drainage.

The cover shall be fastened to the housing by a chain, rope, or hinge.

d. Pulling-in Irons: Cable pulling-in irons shall be installed on the wall opposite each main conduit entrance location, 3½ to 9 inches (90-230 mm) from the floor of the maintenance hole and in line with the conduit entrance. The pulling-in irons shall be placed and embedded during the construction of the maintenance hole wall.

e. Grounding in maintenance holes: All new maintenance holes installed shall include ground rods and bonding ribbon. The ground rod and bonding ribbon may only be omitted when the following conditions apply:

(1) A maintenance hole has been designed and constructed with an integral ground system with all ironwork bonded together.

(2) The maintenance hole bears a visible manufacturer’s label certifying that the structure contains an integral ground system.

(3) U.S. Government approval has been obtained.

All existing maintenance holes that require new splices, or those where existing splices are opened, shall be bonded and grounded. If no bonding ribbon and ground rod exist, they shall be installed, and all other existing splice cases shall be bonded and grounded. New cables installed in maintenance hole and conduit systems shall be bonded and grounded a minimum of every 1,000 feet (305 m). In accordance with RUS 1751F-802 and National Electrical Code, Article 250, the resistance for OSP grounding shall be nominally 25 ohms (Ω).

f. Ground Rod: A ground rod of iron or steel that is galvanized or copper-clad and is a minimum of 5/8-in (16-mm) in diameter and a minimum of 9 feet (2.75 m) long shall be installed in the floor of each new maintenance hole. Four inches (100-mm) of the rod, plus or minus ½ inch, (1.3 mm) shall extend above the finished floor level. The rod shall not enter the maintenance hole more than 3 inches (80 mm) or less than 2 inches (50 mm) from the vertical surface of the adjacent wall. All maintenance hole splices shall be bonded to the maintenance hole ground. In existing maintenance holes, new ground rods and/or bonding ribbon shall be designed at each splice location if neither presently exists. The ground rod shall be installed and bonded IAW the National Electrical Code, Article 250.

g. Bonding Ribbon: A bonding ribbon shall be installed in all new maintenance holes. The bonding ribbon shall be attached to all rack anchors and be pre-cast into the maintenance holes.

The bonding ribbon shall be installed around the interior of each maintenance hole so that splice cases can be bonded to it.

h. Hardware: A minimum of five cable racks, each containing at least 47 hook spaces mounted vertically, shall be provided on each long wall. Two of the cable racks shall be installed flush to the wall, and three shall be installed with standoffs to create splice bays. Refer to Figure C- 4 (Figure C-11 for Europe). End wall maintenance hole racks shall be provided at the T-end of multi-directional maintenance holes. Corner racks shall be provided at the in-line end of the maintenance hole. Offset-cable racks shall set out from the wall a minimum of 3 inches (80 mm).

Each cable rack shall be equipped with hooks to support all existing or new cables. If there are no existing/new cables, each rack shall be equipped with two cable hooks (minimum length 7½ inches, or 190 mm). All racks and hooks shall be of galvanized metal. A device or method to lock the hooks to the rack (i.e., Step Locks) shall be provided for the hooks that will support splice cases.

Figure C-4 (Figure C-11 for Europe), Typical Maintenance Hole, shows a typical rack installation.

i. Water Resistance: Reasonable efforts shall be made to prevent water from entering a telecommunications maintenance hole. The manufacturer’s instructions for installing a maintenance hole shall be followed. As a minimum, the following guidance shall apply as long as it does not violate a manufacturer’s recommendations or warranty. Additional requirements may be identified in the design package.

(1) A water-resistant gasket or seal shall be placed between the sections of pre-cast maintenance holes.

(2) Water-resistant gaskets or seals shall be placed between the lid frames, collars, and maintenance hole tops.

(3) The area around ducts penetrating the maintenance hole walls shall be sealed with a permanent, water-resistant material.

(4) Vacant ducts shall be sealed with a mechanical, screw-type, reusable duct plug.

(5) Ducts containing cables shall be sealed with water-blocking foam or another manufacturer-recommended sealant designed for this purpose.

(6) Ducts containing innerduct or multi-cell fabric mesh innerduct shall be sealed with the manufacturer’s recommended materials or methods.

3.7.1.4 Duct Assignment and Cable Racking

Duct assignment and cable racking shall be engineered and installed IAW the Lucent Technologies Document 900-200-318, Outside Plant Engineering Handbook, Practices 632-305-215 and 919- 240-300, and standard drawings, unless otherwise directed in the design package. Copper cables shall be racked to the maintenance hole sidewalls in such a manner so as to make the best use of the available wall space. When placing cables, care shall be taken to avoid blocking ducts in the sidewalls or access to splice cases. Fiber optic cables shall be engineered with a 20-foot (6-m) service loop installed in each pull-through maintenance hole or a 50-foot (15-m) splice loop installed on each side of a splice case. The service and splice slack shall be coiled and lightly secured in loops that do not violate the bending radius. The slack shall be placed in the maintenance hole in such a manner that the cables are out of the way and not wrapped around other cables or lying on the floor.

Main conduits entering poured-in-place or precast maintenance holes shall be located in the lower portion of the end wall and centered between end…