8-04 TxDOT TEX DMS - Friars Creek Regional Detention Pond.pdf

TxDOT TEX- and DMS- Documents

SAMPLING SOILS AND FLEXIBLE BASE TXDOT DESIGNATION: TEX-100-E

MATERIALS AND TESTS DIVISION 1 – 5

EFFECTIVE DATE: JULY 2024

LAST REVIEWED: JULY 2024

Test Procedure for

SAMPLING SOILS AND BASE MATERIALS

TxDOT Designation: Tex-100-E

Effective Date: July 2024

1. SCOPE

1.1 Use this procedure to sample soils that are used as embankment and non-select backfill materials, sample flexible base from completed stockpiles and roadway windrows, prepare flexible base from completed stockpiles and roadway windrows for laboratory testing, and to sample material from the roadway for reclamation and treatment.

1.2 This procedure also provides information to develop a soil survey that may be used for the design, location, and construction of a highway.

1.3 This test procedure does not claim to address the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this test procedure to establish the appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations before use.

2. APPARATUS

2.1 The type and amount of equipment to be used for sampling will depend on the nature of the terrain, the material, and the depth of material below the surface.

2.1.1 Use small hand tools for materials that are shallow in depth and can be easily dug. Power equipment may be used when the materials are hard. Use of a power drill machine with a core or auger attachment may be necessary for sampling strata located at a considerable depth below the surface.

2.2 Containers, jars or plastic bags, capable of being sealed to maintain moisture content.

2.3 Hand tools, such as post hole digger, scoop, shovel, anything small to sample material.

2.4 Measuring tape, steel or plastic.

2.5 Power drill rig, with core or auger attachments.

2.6 Ruler, minimum 6 ft.

2.7 Sample bags or buckets with lids.

2.8 Sample splitter or quartering cloth

2.9 Soil Auger - Screw-type, open tubular, or barrel auger types.

2.10 Square-Tip Shovel.

MATERIALS AND TESTS DIVISION 2 – 5

3. SAMPLING EMBANKMENT SOIL AND NON-SELECT BACKFILL

3.1 Obtain a representative sample from undisturbed or disturbed material in the same proportion as they exist in the embankment soil, non-select backfill, or roadway for reclamation and treatment.

3.2 Equipment, method, and tools for obtaining a sample will depend on the location, the quantity of material needed, and the tests to be performed in the laboratory.

3.3 Samples should contain only materials of like color and texture. They should not be a composite of materials different in character and properties unless different types of materials are to be uniformly mixed in certain proportions.

3.4 When sampling material for treatment (road-mixed), ensure to sample to the depth of treatment as shown on the plans.

3.5 When coring, obtain a core of soil from the earth with as little disturbance as possible to the natural density and moisture content.

3.5.1 It is impossible to obtain a sample from the earth that is entirely undisturbed, because the removal of the surrounding soil releases the pressure from the specimen, which causes a certain amount of disturbance.

3.5.2 A soil core is satisfactory for all practical purposes and can be classified as an undisturbed sample of soil.

3.6 Seal and label the sample bags, buckets, containers, or jars, and properly secure for transportation to avoid any loss of material.

4. SAMPLING FLEXIBLE BASE STOCKPILES

4.1 Identify four locations around the perimeter of the stockpile that represent the approximate quarter-points of the stockpile.

4.1.1 When the locations cannot be obtained from around the entire perimeter due to limited space, use four equally spaced locations.

4.2 Clean and level the ground at these four locations to prevent contamination of the sampling pile.

4.3 Sample each quarter-point of the stockpile using a front-end loader to cut into each quarter-point.

4.4 Cut at the ground level to the top edge of the stockpile until a clean vertical face is exposed that is perpendicular to the top edge of the stockpile. This represents the full height of the stockpile.

4.5 Discard this material cut away while exposing the clean face.

4.6 Build a sample pad by cutting into the vertical face at the ground level of the full height of the stockpile to obtain material.

4.7 Lower the bucket as close as possible to the ground to avoid segregation and empty the entire contents of the bucket onto the ground in one motion.

4.8 Using the loader bucket, strike, and level the sample pad at mid-height in the direction the bucket was emptied to create a flat surface for sampling. Back-drag the sampling pad only once.

MATERIALS AND TESTS DIVISION 3 – 5

4.9 If material is visually segregated, discard the material and repeat Sections 4.6 – 4.8.

4.10 Place clean sample bags or containers near the center of the sampling pad and obtain the sample across the flat area staying more than 1 ft. away from the edges.

4.11 Divide the sample pad into four quadrants and sample equal amounts of aggregate evenly across each quadrant.

4.12 Fully insert a square-tip shovel as near as vertical as possible and then slowly roll the shovel back and lift slowly to avoid coarse aggregate from rolling off the sides of the shovel.

4.12.1 Spade-tip shovels are not allowed for sampling because they will not prevent material from rolling off the side of the shovel.

4.13 Obtain additional shovelfuls from different quadrants of the sampling pad, and in areas avoiding previous shovel holes. Remove material from each quadrant to fill one sample bag or container. Minimize loose material falling from the sides of the hole and loss of material from the shovel into the hole or adjacent ground while filling sample bags or containers.

4.14 Place the aggregate into the clean sample bags or containers.

4.15 Repeat Sections 4.12 – 4.14 until a minimum of 100 lbs. of material is sampled from each sample pad.

4.16 Seal and label the sample bags or containers, and properly secure for transportation to avoid any loss of material.

4.17 Repeat Sections 4.4 – 4.16 at each stockpile quarter-point to provide a minimum of 400 lbs. of material.

4.17.1 The minimum amount of 400 lbs. of sampled material is representative of the entire stockpile. This amount of material is required for a testing laboratory to perform all the required test procedures for stockpile approval.

5. SAMPLING FLEXIBLE BASE WINDROWS

5.1 Sampling material from a windrow for acceptance may only be tested for liquid limit (Tex-104-E) and plastic limit (Tex-105-E) to determine the plasticity index (Tex-106-E), or gradation (Tex-110-E).

5.1.1 When testing material for wet ball mill (Tex-116-E) or compressive strength (Tex-117-E) for acceptance, sampling must be from a stockpile in accordance with Section 4.

5.2 Choose two locations that are within 500 ft. apart.

5.2.1 Avoid sampling from the ends of the windrow section by choosing a location that is more than 10 ft. from the end.

5.2.2 Choose locations that appear uniform and not segregated.

5.3 Refer to the test procedure for the minimum sample size.

5.4 Use a square-tip shovel and remove approximately the top one ft. of material.

5.5 Sample material from the top, flattened area of the windrow from each location.

5.5.1 Avoid sampling from the sides of the windrow.

https://ftp.dot.state.tx.us/pub/txdot-info/cst/TMS/100-E_series/pdfs/soi104.pdf https://ftp.dot.state.tx.us/pub/txdot-info/cst/TMS/100-E_series/pdfs/soi105.pdf https://ftp.dot.state.tx.us/pub/txdot-info/cst/TMS/100-E_series/pdfs/soi106.pdf https://ftp.dot.state.tx.us/pub/txdot-info/cst/TMS/100-E_series/pdfs/soi110.pdf https://ftp.dot.state.tx.us/pub/txdot-info/cst/TMS/100-E_series/pdfs/soi116.pdf https://ftp.dot.state.tx.us/pub/txdot-info/cst/TMS/100-E_series/pdfs/soi117.pdf

MATERIALS AND TESTS DIVISION 4 – 5

5.5.2 Avoid any segregated coarser material.

5.6 Seal and label the sample bags or containers, and properly secure for transportation to avoid any loss of material.

5.7 Proceed to Section 6 to prepare the sample for testing.

6. PREPARING FLEXIBLE BASE SAMPLES FOR TESTING

6.1 Allow the material to air dry or oven dry at a maximum temperature of 140°F for a minimum of 4 hr. until the material is sufficiently dry for handling.

6.2 Quarter the material by emptying each container or sample bag onto a clean floor or a clean tarp. Optionally, use a mechanical quartering device or sample splitter to quarter the material and proceed to Section 6.6.

6.3 Thoroughly mix the material using a shovel. When using a tarp, the ends of the tarp may also be used to also mix the material.

6.4 Spread the material into the shape of a circle of uniform thickness and homogenous with no segregation.

6.5 Using a shovel or straightedge, visibly trace lines on top of the material to outline four evenly sized quarters.

6.6 Use a quarter of the sample and proceed to Tex-101-E, Part I to prepare and test the material for the liquid limit (Tex-104-E) and plastic limit (Tex-105-E) tests to determine the plasticity index (Tex-106-E); and for the gradation (Tex-110-E).

6.6.1 When the specification requires a #200 sieve test, take a sample from this quarter before proceeding to Tex- 101-E to determine the material passing the No. 200 sieve (Tex-111-E).

6.6.2 Take the sample by quartering or splitting the material to the minimum required sample weight in Tex-111-E.

6.7 Combine the remaining three quarters with any remaining material from Section 6.6 and proceed to Tex-101-E, Part II to prepare the for Moisture-Density curve (Tex-113-E), wet ball mill (Tex-116-E), and compressive strength (Tex-117-E) testing.

7. SOIL SURVEY

7.1 Conduct the survey during the time of sampling to identify and visualize the material taken from different depths.

7.2 Identify the location which may include the highway, station number, mile marker, direction, location within the lane, and distance from the nearest intersection.

7.3 Identify the materials sampled in accordance with Tex-141-E, Manual Procedure for Description Identification of Soils.

7.4 Include at a minimum the following information in the survey documentation.

7.4.1 The depth and location of each type of soil or rock in the subsurface.

7.4.2 The condition of subsoils (moisture and density) upon which embankments will be constructed.

https://ftp.dot.state.tx.us/pub/txdot-info/cst/TMS/100-E_series/pdfs/soi101.pdf https://ftp.dot.state.tx.us/pub/txdot-info/cst/TMS/100-E_series/pdfs/soi104.pdf https://ftp.dot.state.tx.us/pub/txdot-info/cst/TMS/100-E_series/pdfs/soi105.pdf https://ftp.dot.state.tx.us/pub/txdot-info/cst/TMS/100-E_series/pdfs/soi106.pdf https://ftp.dot.state.tx.us/pub/txdot-info/cst/TMS/100-E_series/pdfs/soi110.pdf https://ftp.dot.state.tx.us/pub/txdot-info/cst/TMS/100-E_series/pdfs/soi101.pdf https://ftp.dot.state.tx.us/pub/txdot-info/cst/TMS/100-E_series/pdfs/soi101.pdf https://ftp.dot.state.tx.us/pub/txdot-info/cst/TMS/100-E_series/pdfs/soi111.pdf https://ftp.dot.state.tx.us/pub/txdot-info/cst/TMS/100-E_series/pdfs/soi111.pdf https://ftp.dot.state.tx.us/pub/txdot-info/cst/TMS/100-E_series/pdfs/soi101.pdf https://ftp.dot.state.tx.us/pub/txdot-info/cst/TMS/100-E_series/pdfs/soi113.pdf https://ftp.dot.state.tx.us/pub/txdot-info/cst/TMS/100-E_series/pdfs/soi116.pdf https://ftp.dot.state.tx.us/pub/txdot-info/cst/TMS/100-E_series/pdfs/soi117.pdf https://ftp.dot.state.tx.us/pub/txdot-info/cst/TMS/100-E_series/pdfs/soi141.pdf

MATERIALS AND TESTS DIVISION 5 – 5

7.4.3 The location and selection of suitable material for fills, sub-grade treatment and backfill adjacent to structures.

7.4.4 Material properties from laboratory testing, such as gradation (Tex-110-E), liquid limit (Tex-104-E), plastic limit (Tex-105-E), plasticity index (Tex-106-E), and soil classification (Tex-142-E).

8. ARCHIVED VERSIONS

8.1 Archived versions are available.

https://ftp.dot.state.tx.us/pub/txdot-info/cst/TMS/100-E_series/pdfs/soi110.pdf https://ftp.dot.state.tx.us/pub/txdot-info/cst/TMS/100-E_series/pdfs/soi104.pdf https://ftp.dot.state.tx.us/pub/txdot-info/cst/TMS/100-E_series/pdfs/soi105.pdf https://ftp.dot.state.tx.us/pub/txdot-info/cst/TMS/100-E_series/pdfs/soi106.pdf https://ftp.dot.state.tx.us/pub/txdot-info/cst/TMS/100-E_series/pdfs/soi142.pdf

MOISTURE CONTENT OF SOILS AND BASE MATERIALS TXDOT DESIGNATION: TEX-103-E

MATERIALS AND TESTS DIVISION 1 – 4

EFFECTIVE DATE: FEBRUARY 2024

REVIEW DATE: FEBRUARY 2024

MOISTURE CONTENT OF SOILS AND BASE

MATERIALS

TxDOT Designation: Tex-103-E

Effective Date: February 2024

1. SCOPE

1.1 Use this test procedure to determine the moisture content of embankment (soils), flexible base, roadway salvaged materials, and treated materials. Moisture content is the water content of a material. It is a ratio of the weight of water to the weight of the dry, solid particles of the material and is reported as a percentage.

1.2 This test consists of two parts. Part I is for using a drying oven and Part II is for using a microwave oven the preferred method to determine the moisture content of material is Part I.

1.2.1 A microwave oven may be used to expedite the test to provide results rapidly. It is not recommended to use a microwave oven for testing treated materials using asphalt, cement, or lime because this may damage the oven. Be attentive to the composition of samples, such containing highly organic material or contaminates that may ignite into flames.

1.2.2 Do not use a microwave oven to dry material when testing it for the plasticity index and organic content.

1.3 This test procedure does not claim to address the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this test procedure to establish the appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations before use.

2. APPARATUS

2.1 Balance

2.1.1 Class G1 in accordance with Tex-901-K, for specimens with a mass of 200 g or less.

2.1.2 Class G2 in accordance with Tex-901-K for specimens with a mass greater than 200 g.

2.2 Container or pan with lid.

2.2.1 When using an oven, the container or pan and lid must be resistant to corrosion, will not change in weight from heating and cooling, and have close-fitting lids.

2.2.2 When using a microwave oven, the container or pan and lid must be non-metallic and non-absorbent.

2.3 Desiccator cabinet or jar, containing silica gel or anhydrous calcium sulfate.

chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https:/ftp.dot.state.tx.us/pub/txdot-info/cst/TMS/900-K_series/pdfs/cal901.pdf chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https:/ftp.dot.state.tx.us/pub/txdot-info/cst/TMS/900-K_series/pdfs/cal901.pdf

MATERIALS AND TESTS DIVISION 2 – 4

2.3.1 Use a desiccator when using a microwave oven to allow the container and sample to cool after use to allow handling and prevent damage to the balance. A desiccator is not required when using containers with close-fitting lids.

2.4 Gloves, tongs, or holder, suitable for moving and handling hot containers or pans after drying.

2.5 Heat sink, small bowl, cup, or container of water or sponge.

2.6 Microwave oven, variable power controls and input power ratings of 700 watts.

2.7 Oven, capable of maintaining a temperature of 230° 9°F.

2.8 Spatula or scoop.

3. PREPARING SAMPLE

3.1 Sample embankment (soils), flexible base, roadway salvaged materials, and treated materials in accordance with Tex-100-E and split or quarter to the minimum weight listed in Table 1.

Table 1

Min Weight of Field Sample

Max Particle Size Min Weight of Test Sample, g

1-3/4 in. 5,000

3/4 in. 1,000

No. 4 500

3.1.1 When the maximum particle size is between the sizes listed in the table, use the next larger minimum weight.

3.2 Store samples prior to testing in airtight containers at a temperature between 37°F to 86°F and in an area that prevents direct contact with sunlight.

3.3 Label and identify each sample separately.

3.4 Measure the moisture content as soon as possible after sampling.

PART I—CONVENTIONAL OVEN METHOD

4. PROCEDURE

4.1 Weigh a clean, dry container or pan and a lid from Section 2.2.1 and record to the nearest 0.1 g.

4.2 Place the sample in the container and spread it around to approximately an even thickness and cover it with the lid immediately.

4.3 Weigh the container with the sample and lid, and record to the nearest 0.1 g.

4.4 Remove the lid and place the container with the sample in the drying oven.

chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https:/ftp.dot.state.tx.us/pub/txdot-info/cst/TMS/100-E_series/pdfs/soi100.pdf

MATERIALS AND TESTS DIVISION 3 – 4

4.5 Dry for a minimum of 16 hours at 230° 9°F or to a constant weight.

4.5.1 When testing the sample after drying for liquid limit (Tex-104-E) and plastic limit (Tex-105-E) or sulfate content (Tex-145-E), dry the sample at a maximum temperature of 140°F.

4.5.2 When testing the sample after drying for organic content (Tex-148-E), dry the sample at a maximum temperature of 104°F.

4.5.3 Constant weight is achieved when the weight loss is less than 0.1% of the sample weight after 4 hr. of drying.

4.6 Remove the container from the oven and replace the lid firmly.

4.7 Allow the container and sample to cool to room temperature or until the container can be handled comfortably with bare hands and the operation of the balance will not be affected by the heat of the container.

4.8 Weigh the container, lid, and sample and record to the nearest 0.1 g.

PART II—MICROWAVE OVEN METHOD

5. PROCEDURE

5.1 Weigh a clean, dry container or pan and a lid from Section 2.2.2 and record to the nearest 0.1 g.

5.2 Place the sample in the container and spread it around to approximately an even thickness and cover it with the lid.

5.3 Weigh the container with the sample and lid, and record to the nearest 0.1 g.

5.3.1 The minimum sample weight is 500 g. Samples less than 500 g may dry too rapidly and cause the sample to disperse and scatter throughout the microwave oven during heating.

5.4 Remove the lid and place the container with the sample and a heat sink in the microwave oven.

5.4.1 A heat sink is a material or liquid that will absorb energy after the moisture has been driven from the sample.

This will prevent from over-heating the sample and damaging the microwave oven. A beaker filled with water or sponge may be used.

5.5 Turn on the microwave oven for 3 min.

5.6 Remove the container and sample from the oven and place it in the desiccator to cool to allow handling and to prevent damage to the balance.

5.6.1 A desiccator is not necessary when using containers with close-fitting lids.

5.7 Weigh the container and sample and when applicable with the lid and record to the nearest 0.1 g.

5.8 Use a spatula and carefully mix the sample.

5.9 Return the container and sample and when applicable with the lid to the oven and reheat it for 1 min.

chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https:/ftp.dot.state.tx.us/pub/txdot-info/cst/TMS/100-E_series/pdfs/soi104.pdf chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https:/ftp.dot.state.tx.us/pub/txdot-info/cst/TMS/100-E_series/pdfs/soi105.pdf chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https:/ftp.dot.state.tx.us/pub/txdot-info/cst/TMS/100-E_series/pdfs/soi145.pdf chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https:/ftp.dot.state.tx.us/pub/txdot-info/cst/TMS/100-E_series/pdfs/soi148.pdf

MATERIALS AND TESTS DIVISION 4 – 4

5.10 Repeat the heating (drying), cooling, and weighing, until the change between two consecutive weights 0.1% or less of the initial wet mass of the sample.

5.11 Record the final weight of the container, lid, and sample to the nearest 0.1 g.

5.12 Discard the sample and do not use it for any other test after drying. The sample may have particle breakdown, chemical changes or losses, melting, or loss of organic material. Test results will not be accurate.

6. CALCULATIONS

6.1 Use the following equation to determine the weight of moisture (water).

𝑊𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 𝑊2 − 𝑊3

6.2 Use the following equation to determine the weight of the dry sample (material).

𝑊𝐷𝑟𝑦 = 𝑊3 − 𝑊1

6.3 Use the following equation to determine the moisture content (%).

𝑀𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 100 𝑥 [

𝑊𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟

𝑊𝐷𝑟𝑦

Where:

WWater = Weight of water.

WDry = Weight of the dry material.

W1 = Weight of container and lid, g. (Section 4.1 or 5.1).

W2 = Weight of container, lid, and sample containing moisture before drying, g. (Section 4.3 or 5.3).

W3 = Weight of the container, lid, and dry material after drying, g. (Section 4.8 or 5.11)

7. REPORT

7.1 Report the test results to the nearest 0.1 %.

8. ARCHIVED VERSION

8.1 Archived version.

LIQUID LIMIT OF SOILS AND BASE MATERIALS TXDOT DESIGNATION: TEX-104-E

MATERIALS & TESTS DIVISION 1 – 11

EFFECTIVE DATE: APRIL 2024

REVIEW DATE: APRIL 2024

LIQUID LIMIT OF SOILS AND BASE MATERIALS

TxDOT Designation: Tex-104-E

Effective Date: April 2024

1. SCOPE

1.1 This procedure determines the liquid limit for embankment (soils), flexible base, road-mixed, and treated materials. Fines passing the No. 40 sieve for these materials is prepared and tested. Liquid limit is the moisture content at which material changes from a plastic to a liquid state. This occurs with a groove closure of approximately 0.5 in. after 25 blows using a liquid limit device.

1.2 The liquid limit may be determined using the multi-point or one-point method. The multi-point method is required for referee or verification samples.

1.3 This test procedure does not claim to address the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this test procedure to establish the appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations before use.

2. APPARATUS & MATERIALS

2.1 Balance, Class G1 in accordance with Tex-901-K, minimum capacity of 100 g.

2.2 Container with close-fitting lid, resistant to corrosion and not subject to change in weight from repeated heating and cooling.

2.3 Gauge block, metal block with a thickness of 10 mm (0.4 in.) and approximately 2 in. long and 1 in. wide.

2.4 Grooving tool, curved or flat, made of non-absorbent and non-reactive material meeting the dimensions shown in Figures 1 and 2.

2.5 Liquid limit device, manual or mechanical crank consisting of a brass cup having a cup hanger and carriage conforming to the dimensions shown in Figure 3.

2.6 Mixing dish, porcelain with a diameter of 4.0–5.0 in.

2.7 Oven, capable of maintaining 230 ± 9°F.

2.8 Spatula, flexible with a blade approximately 4 in. long and 0.75 in. wide.

2.9 Spray bottle.

2.10 Water, distilled or deionized.

https://ftp.dot.state.tx.us/pub/txdot-info/cst/TMS/900-K_series/pdfs/cal901.pdf

MATERIALS & TESTS DIVISION 2 – 11

Figure 1 Flat Grooving Tool (ASTM D4318)

Letter A B C D E

(Radius) F G H

I (Degrees)

Requirement, mm

2 ± 0.1 11 ± 0.2 40 ± 0.5 8 ± 0.1 50 ± 0.5

Minimum 10 ± 0.05 2 ± 0.1 60° ± 1°

GG

IH

F

MATERIALS & TESTS DIVISION 3 – 11

Figure 2 Curved Grooving Tool (AASHTO T89)

Letter A B C D E F G H J

Requirement, mm

10 ± 0.1 2 ± 0.1 13.5 ± 0.1 10 ± 0.2 15.9 76.2 22.2 25.4 60°

MATERIALS & TESTS DIVISION 4 – 11

Figure 3 Liquid Limit Device

Letter A B C D E F G

Description Inside

Diameter of Cup

Thickness of Cup

Depth of Cup

Cup at Cam

Follower Thickness Length Width

Requirement, mm

94.0 ± 1.0 2 ± 0.1 27 ± 1 47 ± 1.5 50 ± 5 150 ± 5 125 ± 5

3. INSPECTION OF LIQUID LIMIT DEVICE

3.1 Inspect the condition of the Liquid Limit Device.

3.1.1 Ensure the pin connecting the cup is not worn to the point where it will permit side play.

3.1.2 Ensure the screws connecting the cup to the hanger arm are tight.

3.1.3 Ensure the points of contact on the cup and base are not excessively worn.

3.1.3.1 Wear is excessive when the point of contact on the cup or base exceeds 13 mm (0.5 in.) in diameter, or when any point on the rim of the cup is worn to half of the original thickness.

3.1.3.2 Refinish a base that is excessively worn, such that the thickness meets the tolerance specified in Figure 3.

3.1.3.3 Ensure a groove has not been worn into the cup.

3.1.3.4 Replace the cup when the groove-wear in the cup is 0.1 mm.

3.2 Use the gauge block from Section 2.2 and the adjustment and set screws (Figure 4) to adjust the height of the cup.

3.3 Secure the adjustment plate by tightening the set screw.

3.4 With the gauge block in place, check the adjustment by revolving the crank rapidly several times.

MATERIALS & TESTS DIVISION 5 – 11

3.4.1 When the height of drop for the cup is correct, a slight ringing sound will be heard when the cam strikes the cam follower.

3.4.2 When no sound is heard or the cup is raised off the gauge, make the following adjustment.

3.4.2.1 Place a piece of masking tape across the outside bottom of the cup parallel with the axis of the cup hanger pivot as shown in Figure 4.

3.4.2.1.1 The edge of the tape away from the cup hanger should bisect the spot on the cup that contacts the base.

3.4.2.1.2 When using a new cup, place a piece of carbon paper on the base and allow the cup to drop several times which will mark the contact spot.

3.4.2.2 Attach the cup to the device and turn the crank until the cup is raised to its maximum height.

3.4.2.3 Slide the height gauge under the cup from the front and observe whether the gauge contacts the cup or the tape as shown in Figure 4 for a side view.

3.4.2.3.1 When the tape and cup are both contacted, the height of drop is approximately correct. If not, adjust the cup until simultaneous contact is made.

3.4.2.4 Check adjustment by operating the device or turning the crank at two revolutions per second while holding the gauge in position against the tape and cup.

3.4.2.5 When no ringing is heard or if the cup rises and drops back down to the gauge, readjust the height of drop.

3.4.2.6 When a ringing or clicking sound is heard without the cup rising from the gauge, the adjustment is correct.

3.4.2.7 When the cup rocks on the gauge during this checking operation, the cam follower pivot is excessively worn, and the worn parts should be replaced.

3.4.3 Remove the tape from the bottom of the cup.

MATERIALS & TESTS DIVISION 6 – 11

Figure 4 Adjusting Liquid Limit Device

Adjustment Plate

Set Screw

Adjustment Screw

Contact Point

Cup Resting on Base of Liquid Limit Device

Cup Resting on Gauge Block with Tape in Place

Masking Tape

Contact Point

10 mm

Gauge Block

MATERIALS & TESTS DIVISION 7 – 11

4. PREPARING SAMPLE

4.1 Sample embankment (soils), flexible base, roadway salvaged materials, and treated materials in accordance with Tex-100-E.

4.2 Prepare the sample in accordance with Tex-101-E, Part I. Use either the Dry Preparation, Method A or Wet Preparation, Method B.

4.2.1 When performing referee testing or verifying test results, prepare a sample according to Method A.

5. MULTI-POINT METHOD PROCEDURE

5.1 Place a minimum of 100 g of the sample in a mixing dish from Section 2.6.

5.2 Add water in small increments and mix thoroughly. Use a spray bottle to apply a uniform mist of water to the sample.

5.2.1 Mix the material by repeatedly stirring, kneading, and chopping the sample with a spatula with each increment of water.

5.2.2 Some materials are slow to absorb water; therefore, it is possible to add increments of water so fast that a false liquid limit is obtained. Avoid this by allowing more mixing and time for the material to absorb moisture sufficiently. If more material is added to dry out the sample, mix thoroughly and allow more time for the material to absorb moisture sufficiently.

5.3 Place enough of the sample from the mixing dish into the cup of the liquid limit device and above the spot where the cup rests on the base.

5.4 Squeeze and spread the material with the spatula to level and at the same time trim to a depth of approximately 10 mm (0.4 in.) at the point of maximum thickness.

5.4.1 Use as few strokes of the spatula as possible, being careful not to entrap air bubbles within the material.

Return the excess material to the mixing dish.

5.5 Divide the material in the cup by a firm stroke of the grooving tool along the diameter through the centerline of the cam follower, so a clean sharp groove of the proper dimensions is formed.

5.5.1 The grooving tool should be drawn in an arc and perpendicular to the surface of the cup through its movement.

5.5.2 Avoid tearing the sides of the groove or slipping of the material in the cup by using no more than six strokes.

5.5.3 The depth of the groove should be increased with each stroke and only the last stroke should scrape the bottom of the cup.

5.6 Use the liquid limit device to drop the cup at the approximate rate of two revolutions (blows) per second until the two halves of the material come in contact at the bottom of the groove for approximately 0.5 in. This is the groove closure.

5.6.1 Do not hold the base of the machine while the crank is being turned.

https://ftp.dot.state.tx.us/pub/txdot-info/cst/TMS/100-E_series/pdfs/soi100.pdf https://ftp.dot.state.tx.us/pub/txdot-info/cst/TMS/100-E_series/pdfs/soi101.pdf

MATERIALS & TESTS DIVISION 8 – 11

5.6.2 When the material slides on the surface of the cup instead of flowing, remove the material from the cup and place it in the mixing bowl. Add water to the material and remix it.

5.6.3 Return the material to the cup and spread it and smooth the material with the spatula.

5.7 When the groove closure is within 25–35 blows proceed to Section 5.8. When it is not within 25–35 blows, remove the material from the cup and return it to the mixing dish.

5.7.1 When the number of blows is less than 25, add material from the dry sample (Section 5.1.) and mix thoroughly. Return to Section 5.3.

5.7.2 When the number of blows is more than 35, add water to the material using the spray bottle and mix thoroughly. Return to Section 5.3.

5.7.3 When the material continues to slide in the cup with 20 blows or less, perform Tex-107-E to determine the linear bar shrinkage in lieu of the liquid limit to determine the plasticity index.

5.7.3.1 Material from the mixing dish may be used for Tex-107-E.

5.8 Cover the mixing dish and allow the sample to remain undisturbed at room temperature for a minimum of 12 hr.

5.9 Determine a groove closure between 25–35 blows, 20–30 blows, and 15–25 blows by repeating Sections 5.3.–5.6. for each set of blows. Groove closures do not have to be performed in this order.

5.9.1 When necessary either add water to the material in the mixing dish or allow the material in the mixing dish to air or fan dry to achieve a groove closure within the intended set of blows.

5.10 Determine the moisture content of the material after the groove closure for the intended set of blows is completed.

5.10.1 Weigh a clean and empty container for a tare weight to the nearest 0.01 g.

5.10.2 Remove a slice from the material in the cup of approximately the width of the spatula, extending from edge to edge of the material, at a right angle to the groove.

5.10.3 Place a minimum of 10 g of the material into the container and weigh it to the nearest 0.01 g.

5.10.4 Dry the material in the container from Section 5.10.3. in the oven at 230 ± 9F to a constant weight.

5.10.4.1 Constant weight is achieved when the weight loss is less than 0.1% of the material weight after 4 hr. of drying.

5.10.5 Weigh the container with the dry material to the nearest 0.01 g.

5.11 Remove the remaining material from the cup and return to the mixing dish from Section 5.2.

5.12 Wash and dry the cup and grooving tool.

5.13 Return to Section 5.9. when another groove closure from a different set of blows is needed.

5.13.1 The difference in the number of blows from the groove closure between 25–35 blows and 15–25 blows must be 10 or more.

https://ftp.dot.state.tx.us/pub/txdot-info/cst/TMS/100-E_series/pdfs/soi107.pdf https://ftp.dot.state.tx.us/pub/txdot-info/cst/TMS/100-E_series/pdfs/soi107.pdf

MATERIALS & TESTS DIVISION 9 – 11

5.13.1.1 When the difference is less than 10, either add water to the material in the mixing dish or allow the material in the mixing dish to air or fan dry to meet this required difference.

5.14 Use equation 8.1 to determine the moisture content of the material from each trial sample.

5.15 Determine the liquid limit for the sample by creating and using a liquid limit graph from Article 7., “Liquid Limit Graph.”

6. ONE-POINT METHOD PROCEDURE

6.1 Do not use this procedure for referee or verification samples.

6.2 Use approximately 50 g of the prepared material in the mixing dish.

6.3 Test the material in accordance with Sections 5.1.–5.6. of Part I to achieve a groove closure between 20–30 blows.

6.3.1 Perform two groove closures.

6.4 Use material from the first or second groove closure to determine the moisture content.

6.5 Determine the moisture content in accordance with Section 5.10.

7. LIQUID LIMIT GRAPH

7.1 Plot the moisture content and the corresponding number of blows from the three trials on a semi-logarithmic graph.

7.1.1 Moisture content is on the arithmetical scale (y-axis) and the number of blows is on the logarithmic scale (x-axis).

7.2 Draw a straight line through the three plotted points.

7.2.1 When necessary, repeat the procedure for any of the trials to add or replace any of the points to draw a straight line.

7.3 Draw a vertical line from the x-axis at 25 number of blows upwards to the line that was drawn from Section 7.2.

7.4 Draw a horizontal line from the point in Section 7.3. to the moisture content of the y-axis. This moisture content is the liquid limit.

7.5 Report the liquid limit to the nearest whole percent.

8. CALCULATION

8.1 Use the following equation to determine the moisture content percentage.

𝑀𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡, % = ( 𝐴 − 𝐵

𝐵 − 𝐶 ) × 100

MATERIALS & TESTS DIVISION 10 – 11

Where:

A = weight of wet sample and container, g (Section 5.11.3.).

B = weight of dry sample and container, g (Section 5.15.1.).

C = tare weight of container, g (Section 5.11.1.).

8.2 Use either of the two following equations to calculate the liquid limit.

8.2.1 Use the number of blows for a groove closure and the moisture content of this material.

𝐿𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑 𝐿𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 = 𝑊𝑁 × (

𝑁

0.121

WN = Moisture content after the number of blows to the groove closure.

N = No. of blows to the groove closure.

8.2.2 Use a liquid limit K factor and the moisture content of the material taken after the groove closure.

8.2.3 𝐿𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑 𝐿𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 = 𝐾 × 𝑊𝑁

K = Liquid limit factor from Table 1.

WN = Moisture content at N blows.

Table 1 Liquid Limit K Factor

N (Number of Blows)

K (Factor for LL)

20 0.973

21 0.979

22 0.985

23 0.990

24 0.995

25 1.000

26 1.005

27 1.009

28 1.014

29 1.018

30 1.022

9. REPORT

9.1 Report the liquid limit to the nearest whole percent.

MATERIALS & TESTS DIVISION 11 – 11

10. ARCHIVED VERSIONS

10.1 Archived versions are available.

PLASTICITY INDEX OF SOILS AND BASE MATERIALS TXDOT DESIGNATION: TEX-106-E

MATERIALS AND TESTS DIVISION 1 – 2

EFFECTIVE DATE: OCTOBER 2024

REVIEW DATE: OCTOBER 2024

PLASTICITY INDEX OF SOILS AND BASE MATERIALS

TxDOT Designation: Tex-106-E

Effective Date: October 2024

1. SCOPE

1.1 Use this test procedure to determine the plasticity index (PI) of embankment (soils), flexible base, and treated materials. PI is a moisture content for when a material remains in a plastic state while passing from a semisolid state to a liquid state.

1.2 This test procedure does not claim to address the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this test procedure to establish the appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations before use.

2. PROCEDURE

2.1 Determine the liquid limit (LL) in accordance with Tex-104-E.

2.1.1 Prepare material in accordance with Tex-101-E, Part I, Dry Preparation, Method A for referee testing to resolve disputes.

2.1.2 Part I, Multi-Point method is the required method to determine the LL for referee testing to resolve disputes.

2.1.3 When it is not possible to produce a groove closure after 20 blows, such as for non-plastic, sand material having a low plasticity index (PI), determine the linear bar shrinkage of the material in accordance with Tex-107-E. Proceed to Section 2.3.1.

2.2 Determine the plastic limit (PL) in accordance with Tex-105-E.

2.2.1 Prepare material in accordance with Tex-101-E, Part I, Dry Preparation, Method A for referee testing to resolve disputes.

2.3 Use the equation from Section 3.1 to determine the PI.

2.3.1 Use the equation from Section 3.2 to determine the PI when it is not possible to determine the LL.

3. CALCULATION

3.1 Use the following equation to determine the plasticity index (PI) when the liquid limit (LL) and plastic limit (PL) are measured.

𝑃𝐼 = 𝐿𝐿 − 𝑃𝐿

chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https:/ftp.dot.state.tx.us/pub/txdot-info/cst/TMS/100-E_series/pdfs/soi104.pdf https://ftp.dot.state.tx.us/pub/txdot-info/cst/TMS/100-E_series/pdfs/soi101.pdf chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https:/ftp.dot.state.tx.us/pub/txdot-info/cst/TMS/100-E_series/pdfs/soi107.pdf chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https:/ftp.dot.state.tx.us/pub/txdot-info/cst/TMS/100-E_series/pdfs/soi105.pdf

PLASTICITY INDEX OF SOILS AND BASE MATERIALS TXDOT DESIGNATION: TEX-106-E

MATERIALS AND TESTS DIVISION 2 – 2

EFFECTIVE DATE: OCTOBER 2024

REVIEW DATE: OCTOBER 2024

3.2 Use the following equation to determine the PI when it is not possible to produce a groove closure after 20 blows when measuring the liquid limit.

3.2.1 Determine the linear bar shrinkage in accordance with Tex-107-E.

𝑃𝐼 = 1.6 × 𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝐵𝑎𝑟 𝑆ℎ𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑘𝑎𝑔𝑒

4. REPORTING

4.1 Report results to the nearest whole number.

5. ARCHIVE VERSION

5.1 Archive version is available.

chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https:/ftp.dot.state.tx.us/pub/txdot-info/cst/TMS/100-E_series/pdfs/soi107.pdf

LINEAR BAR SHRINKAGE OF SOILS AND BASE MATERIALS TXDOT DESIGNATION: TEX-107-E

MATERIALS & TESTS DIVISION 1 – 3

LINEAR BAR SHRINKAGE OF SOILS AND BASE

MATERIALS

TxDOT Designation: Tex-107-E

Effective Date: July 2024

1. SCOPE

1.1 Use this test procedure to determine the linear bar shrinkage of material passing the No. 40 sieve. It provides an indication of the presence of clay material that may impact the performance of pavements.

1.2 This test is required for embankment (soils), and for fine aggregate and mineral filler used to produce hot mix asphalt. It is also required when it is not possible to measure the liquid limit. This is when a groove closure before 20 blows cannot be obtained, such as for non-plastic, sand material having a low plasticity index.

1.3 This test procedure does not claim to address the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this test procedure to establish the appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations before use.

2. APPARATUS AND MATERIALS

2.1 Balance, Class G1 in accordance with Tex-901-K, minimum capacity of 200 g.

2.2 Distilled or deionized water.

2.3 Flexible spatula, with a blade approximately 4 in. long and 0.75 in. wide.

2.4 Grooving tool, ASTM grooving tool as shown in Tex-104-E.

2.5 Linear bar shrinkage mold, stainless steel or aluminum, with section 0.75±0.02 × 0.75±0.02 × 5±0.02 in.

2.6 Number 20 scale.

2.7 Oven, capable of maintaining a temperature of 230 9°F.

2.8 Petroleum Jelly

2.9 Porcelain evaporating dish, with a diameter of 4.5–5.5 in.

2.10 Straight edge.

2.11 Water, approved drinking source.

https://ftp.dot.state.tx.us/pub/txdot-info/cst/TMS/100-E_series/pdfs/soi104.pdf

MATERIALS & TESTS DIVISION 2 – 3

3. PREPARING SAMPLE

3.1 Sample embankment (soils) or flexible base in accordance with Tex-100-E.

3.2 Sample a fine aggregate stockpile in accordance with Tex-221-F or Tex-400-A.

3.3 Prepare the sample in accordance with Tex-101-E, Part I to provide a minimum of 200 g.

3.3.1 When testing material for the liquid limit (Tex-104-E) and it is not possible to produce a groove closure before 20 blows, use the remaining wet sample for this test. Proceed to Section 4.4.

4. PROCEDURE

4.1 Grease the inside walls of the linear bar shrinkage mold with a thin layer of petroleum jelly to prevent any adhesion of the material to the mold.

4.2 Place a minimum of 100 g of material from the dry sample prepared in Section 3 in an evaporating dish.

4.3 Add water and thoroughly mix the material to a uniform consistency.

4.4 Shape the sample into a smooth layer about 0.5 in. thick on the bottom of the dish and make a groove with the grooving tool.

4.4.1 The sample is ready for testing when the material immediately flows on its own and just closes the groove at the bottom. Proceed to Section 4.5.

4.4.2 When it’s necessary to tap the dish to close the groove, add more water and mix the material thoroughly.

Verify the groove closure and proceed to Section 4.4.

4.4.3 When the material is too wet, add dry material and mix it thoroughly. Verify the groove closure and proceed to Section 4.5.

4.5 Use a spatula and place the wet material into the greased mold.

4.5.1 Hold the dish approximately 1 in. above the mold and slowly push the material out of the dish into the mold.

4.5.2 Alternatively, pick up material from the dish using a spatula and gently tap the bottom of the mold to slide the material off the spatula and into the mold.

4.6 Gently tap the mold to cause the material to flow and to assist in the removal of entrapped air bubbles.

4.7 Continue to fill and remove entrapped air until the mold is filled with excess material.

4.8 Use a straightedge to smooth the surface level with the top of the mold.

4.8.1 Discard or return any excess material to the dish to be used for another bar.

4.9 Wipe excess material from the top edges surrounding the bar.

4.10 Allow the mold and material to air dry until the color or the appearance changes slightly. This is to prevent excessive cracking or heaving of the bar during oven drying.

https://ftp.dot.state.tx.us/pub/txdot-info/cst/TMS/100-E_series/pdfs/soi100.pdf https://ftp.dot.state.tx.us/pub/txdot-info/cst/TMS/200-F_series/pdfs/bit221.pdf https://ftp.dot.state.tx.us/pub/txdot-info/cst/TMS/400-A_series/pdfs/cnn400.pdf https://ftp.dot.state.tx.us/pub/txdot-info/cst/TMS/100-E_series/pdfs/soi104.pdf

MATERIALS & TESTS DIVISION 3 – 3

4.11 Place the mold in the drying oven at 230 9°F and dry to a constant weight.

4.11.1 Constant weight is achieved when the weight loss is less than 0.1% of the sample weight after 4 hr. of drying.

4.12 Remove the mold from the oven and allow it to cool to room temperature or until it can be handled with bare hands.

4.13 Measure the length of the dry bar.

4.13.1 Do not remove the bar from the mold because this may damage the bar.

4.13.2 When there is shrinkage from both ends of the mold, use your finger or spatula and gently push the bar to one side of the mold.

4.13.3 Use a number 20 scale and measure to the whole percent.

5. CALCULATIONS

5.1 Use the following equation to determine the linear bar shrinkage.

𝐿𝑆 = 100 − 𝑆20

Where:

100 = Length of the wet soil bar, 100%.

S20 = Length of the dry soil bar, % (Section 4.13.3).

6. REPORT

6.1 Report to the nearest whole percent.

7. ARCHIVED VERSION

7.1 An archived version is available.

SIEVE ANALYSIS OF SOILS AND BASE MATERIALS TXDOT DESIGNATION: TEX-110-E

MATERIALS & TESTS DIVISION 1 – 4

LAST REVIEWED: APRIL 2024

SIEVE ANALYSIS OF SOILS AND BASE MATERIALS

TxDOT Designation: Tex-110-E

Effective Date: April 2024

1. SCOPE

1.1 Use this test procedure to determine the gradation of embankment (soils), flexible base, and roadway salvaged materials from the roadway or stockpile using standard U.S. sieves.

1.2 Use Part I to determine the sieve analysis of material using a mechanical sieve shaker.

1.3 Use Part II for the analysis of particle sizes in soils using a hydrometer. This procedure refers to AASHTO T88.

1.4 This test procedure does not claim to address the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this test procedure to establish the appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations before use.

PART I—SIEVE ANALYSIS OF MATERIAL RETAINED ON THE 425 M (NO. 40)

SIEVE

2. APPARATUS

2.1 Balance, Class G2 in accordance with Tex-901-K, minimum capacity of 35 lb.

2.2 Bowls

2.3 Mechanical sieve shaker.

2.4 Standard U.S. sieves, meeting the requirements of Tex-907-K.

2.5 Scoop

3. SAMPLE SIZE

3.1 Use Table 1 to determine the minimum sample weight.

3.1.1 When the nominal maximum size of aggregate is between the sizes listed in the table, use the next larger minimum weight.

https://ftp.dot.state.tx.us/pub/txdot-info/cst/TMS/900-K_series/pdfs/cal907.pdf

MATERIALS & TESTS DIVISION 2 – 4

Table1 Min Sample Weight

Max Aggregate Size1 Min Weight2

3 in. 12 lb.

2 in. 10 lb.

1-1/2 in. 8 lb.

1 in. 4 lb.

3/8 in. 1 lb.

1. The max aggregate size is the largest sieve size listed in the applicable specification upon which any material can be retained.

2. The min sample weight depends on the maximum aggregate size and the type and number of tests.

4. PROCEDURE

4.1 Prepare a sample of embankment (soils), flexible base, or roadway salvaged material in accordance with Tex-101-E, Part I, Dry Preparation, Method A.

4.1.1 When the gradation also requires the No. 200 sieve, split or quarter another sample from the material prepared in Section 6.6 of Tex-100-E to determine the percent passing the No. 200 sieve in accordance with test procedure Tex-111-E.

4.1.1.1 Calculate the percent retained on the No. 200 sieve using the equation in Section 4.2 of Tex-111-E.

4.2 Use the total dry sample weight determined from Section 3.2 of test procedure Tex-101-E, Part I, Dry Preparation, Method A.

4.3 Use the sieve sizes required by the applicable specification and arrange a set of sieves in descending order beginning with the sieve with the largest wire opening on top and a pan at the bottom.

4.4 Pour the sample into the top sieve and cover the stack of sieves with a lid.

4.5 Shake the sample with a mechanical sieve shaker for a minimum of 5 min.

4.6 Remove the stack of sieves from the shaker and sieve each sieve-size by hand to refusal.

4.6.1 Starting with the largest sieve size, remove the material from the sieve and measure the weight to the nearest 0.1 g or lb. This is the material retained on the individual sieve.

4.6.2 Calculate 1% of this weight by multiplying it with 0.01.

4.6.3 Place the empty sieve into an empty, clean bowl or pan such that it is beneath the sieve to catch material that passes during hand sieving.

4.6.4 Return the material from Section 4.6.1 to the empty sieve and hand sieve it for approximately 1 min.with lateral and vertical motion with a jarring action that keeps the material moving continuously over the surface of the sieve.

4.6.5 Remove the sieve and weigh the material in the bowl or pan.

4.6.5.1 When this measured weight is less than the weight calculated in Section 4.6.2, add the material from the bowl to the material in the next smaller sieve size.

4.6.5.2 Weigh the material retained on the individual sieve to the nearest 0.1 g or lb. and record.

https://ftp.dot.state.tx.us/pub/txdot-info/cst/TMS/100-E_series/pdfs/soi101.pdf https://ftp.dot.state.tx.us/pub/txdot-info/cst/TMS/100-E_series/pdfs/soi100.pdf

MATERIALS & TESTS DIVISION 3 – 4

4.6.5.3 Proceed to the next sieve size and repeat Sections 4.6.1 to 4.6.5.2. Continue hand sieving until all the sieves have been shaken to refusal.

4.6.5.4 When the weight in the bowl or pan is more than 1% (Section 4.6.2), add the material from the bowl to the material in the next smaller sieve size and repeat Sections 4.6.1 to 4.6.5.2.

5. CALCULATIONS

5.1 Use the following equation to calculate the percent (%) retained for the first (largest) sieve.

% 𝑅𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑𝐿𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑆𝑖𝑒𝑣𝑒 = 100 × (

𝑊𝐿𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑠𝑡

𝑊𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙

Where:

WLargest = Weight of material retained on the largest sieve size.

WTotal = Total dry sample weight from Section 4.2.

5.2 Use the following equation to calculate the cumulative percent (%) retained for sieves smaller than the first (largest) sieve size.

𝐶𝑢𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 % 𝑅𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 = 100 × (

𝑊𝑆𝑢𝑚

𝑊𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙

Where:

WSum = Sum of the weight of material retained on the sieve and of all the weights retained on the larger sieve sizes.

WTotal = Total dry sample weight from Section 4.2.

5.3 Use the following equation to calculate the individual percent (%) retained for each sieve.

𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑢𝑎𝑙 % 𝑅𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 = 100 × (

𝑊𝑅𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑

𝑊𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙

Where:

WRetained = Weight of material retained on the sieve.

WTotal = Total sample weight from Section 4.2.

6. TEST REPORT

6.1 Report the cumulative percent retained on each sieve size to the nearest whole number.

MATERIALS & TESTS DIVISION 4 – 4

PART II—HYDROMETER ANALYSIS OF SOILS

7. STANDARD TEST METHOD

7.1 Refer to AASHTO T88.

8. ARCHIVED VERSIONS

8.1 Archived versions are available.

MOISTURE-DENSITY CURVE FOR BASE, COARSE, AND TREATED MATERIALS TXDOT DESIGNATION: TEX-113-E

MATERIALS AND TESTS DIVISION 1 – 10

EFFECTIVE DATE: JANUARY 2025

LAST REVIEWED: JANUARY 2025

MOISTURE-DENSITY CURVE FOR BASE, COARSE,

AND TREATED MATERIALS

TxDOT Designation: Tex-113-E

Effective Date: January 2025

1 SCOPE

1.1 This procedure produces a moisture-density curve for flexible base, coarse-grained materials containing particles larger than 7/8 in., and treated embankment (soils) and base materials that are plant or road-mixed.

Coarse-grained materials may include embankment (soil) and retaining wall backfill. Treated materials includes any material that is plant or road-mixed with an approved additive such as cement, emulsion, foamed asphalt, or lime. This procedure also applies to materials mixed with non-approved additives.

1.2 Sampled material is compacted using an automatic tamper (compaction) device into a mold to produce a molded specimen with a diameter of 6 in. and a height of 8 in. It compacts material in 4 lifts with a 10 lb.

hammer and 18 in. drop height. A slide finishing hammer is used to ensure the top surface of the mold is level.

1.3 The compaction device is equipped with a Soil Compactor Analyzer (SCA). The SCA monitors and records the compacted effort of the molded specimen to ensure the required total energy of 750 ± 15 ft.-lb. is achieved within 50 – 60 blows for each lift.

1.4 The density and moisture content of compacted molds are used to produce a moisture-density curve. This will provide a maximum dry density and an optimum moisture content. The maximum dry density is the peak of this curve.