72066422R00001 Power Tunisia RFP.pdf

U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID)

Power Tunisia Project Solicitation # 72066422R00001

Request for Proposal (RFP) No. 72066422R00001

Issue Date: January 3, 2022 Questions Due Date January 17, 2022 Technical and Cost Proposals Submission Due Date February 14, 2022

SUBJECT: Request for Proposals (RFP) RFP No.: 72066422R00001 USAID/Tunisia - Power Tunisia Activity

Dear Prospective Offeror:

The United Agency for International Development (USAID) seeks proposals to provide technical assistance from qualified organizations to support USAID/Tunisia’s Economic

Growth Office implement their Power Tunisia Activity, as described in the attached Request for Proposal (RFP) as detailed in Section C.

USAID/Tunisia anticipates awarding one Cost Plus Fixed-Fee Completion-type contract as a result of this solicitation, covering an estimated period of five (5) years from the date of contract award, consisting of a three (3) year base period and one two (2) year option period. The total estimated amount of this contract (costs and fee) is in the range of $32,000,000 to $37,000,000 for the base period and in the rage of $20,000,000 to

$23,000,000 for the option period. Offerors should not strive to meet the maximum amount;

rather Offerors should propose costs that are appropriate and in accordance with the proposed approach for achieving results.

The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) code for this acquisition is 541690 – Other Scientific & Technical Consulting Services.

The principal Geographic Code is 937.

This requirement is subject to the availability of funds.

Pursuant to Part 15 of the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) (48 CFR Chapter 1), this procurement will be conducted under full and open competition procedures. All types of organizations are eligible to compete.

If your organization decides to submit a proposal in response to this solicitation, it must be submitted in accordance with Section L of this RFP. Offerors must also carefully review

Section M - Evaluation Factors for Award. Sections B through I of the solicitation will become a substantive part of the anticipated contract with blanks to be completed by the Contracting Officer upon award. Section K - Representations, Certifications and Acknowledgements must be filled out in full by the Offerors. Proposals must be signed by an official who is authorized to bind the organization and are to be submitted to USAID no later than the closing date and time stated above.

It is the responsibility of the recipient of this solicitation to ensure that the solicitation has been received from the https://sam.gov/content/home page in its entirety. USAID bears no responsibility for data errors resulting from download or conversion processes.

Only Electronic submissions will be accepted. No other forms of submission will be accepted. Please note that the initial point of entry to the Government infrastructure for proposal submission is the USAID/Washington Internet server which will determine the timeliness of submission.

Any questions regarding this solicitation must be submitted in writing via email to TunisiaSolicitations@usaid.gov by the date and time specified above. Answers to Offerors’ questions will be provided in writing via solicitation amendment.

Proposals must be submitted via email to TunisiaSolicitations@usaid.gov. If your organization decides to submit a proposal in response to this solicitation, it must be submitted by the designated date and time indicated in Block 9 of the RFP Cover page (Standard Form 33). Proposals received after the closing date and time will be processed as late and handled in accordance with FAR 15.208. Proposals submitted in response to this solicitation shall be valid for no less than 240 days.

This RFP can be viewed and downloaded from https://sam.gov/content/home. If substantive questions are received which affect the solicitation, or if changes are made to the closing date and time, as well as other aspects of the RFP, this solicitation will be amended. USAID reserves the right to amend or rescind this solicitation at any time. The solicitation, amendments to this solicitation, and the announcement of contract award will be made available through the government point of entry at https://sam.gov/content/home.

It is the Offeror’s responsibility to check this site periodically for official updates to this solicitation.

Issuance of this solicitation and the submittal of a proposal do not constitute a commitment on the part of the U.S. Government nor USAID to make an award; neither does it constitute an obligation for any costs incurred in the preparation and submission of a proposal.

https://sam.gov/content/home mailto:TunisiaSolicitations@usaid.gov mailto:TunisiaSolicitations@usaid.gov

Furthermore, the U.S. Government reserves the right to reject any and all offers, if such action is considered to be in the best interest of the U.S. Government.

USAID appreciates the time and effort put into preparing proposals in response to this solicitation.

Sincerely, Karla Camp Regional Contracting Officer USAID/Middle East Regional Platform

Offeror must download the most recent version of the SF 33 on www.gsa.gov to prepare its offer.

SOLICITATION, OFFER AND AWARD 1. THIS CONTRACT IS A RATED ORDER

UNDER DPAS (15 CFR 700)

RATING PAGE OF PAGES

2. CONTRACT NUMBER 3. SOLICITATION NUMBER 4. TYPE OF SOLICITATION 5. DATE ISSUED 6. REQUISITION/PURCHASE NUMBER

CODE7. ISSUED BY 8. ADDRESS OFFER TO (If other than item 7)

NOTE: In sealed bid solicitations "offer" and "offeror" mean "bid" and "bidder".

SOLICITATION

9. Sealed offers in original and copies for furnishings the supplies or services in the Schedule will be received at the place specified in item 8, or if hand carried, in the depository located in until local time

CAUTION - LATE Submissions, Modifications, and Withdrawals: See Section L, Provision No. 52.214-7 or 52.215-1. All offers are subject to all terms and conditions contained in this solicitation.

10. FOR

INFORMATION

CALL:

A. NAME B. TELEPHONE (NO COLLECT CALLS)

AREA CODE NUMBER EXTENSION

C. E-MAIL ADDRESS

11. TABLE OF CONTENTS

(X) SEC. DESCRIPTION PAGE(S) (X) SEC. PAGE(S)DESCRIPTION

A B C D E F G H

I

J

K

L

M EVALUATION FACTORS FOR AWARD

INSTRUCTIONS, CONDITIONS, AND NOTICES TO OFFERORS

REPRESENTATIONS, CERTIFICATIONS AND OTHER

STATEMENTS OF OFFERORS

PART IV - REPRESENTATIONS AND INSTRUCTIONS

LIST OF ATTACHMENTS

PART III - LIST OF DOCUMENTS, EXHIBITS AND OTHER ATTACH.

CONTRACT CLAUSESSOLICITATION/CONTRACT FORM

SUPPLIES OR SERVICES AND PRICES/COSTS

DESCRIPTION/SPECS./WORK STATEMENT

PACKAGING AND MARKING

INSPECTION AND ACCEPTANCE

DELIVERIES OR PERFORMANCE

CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION DATA

SPECIAL CONTRACT REQUIREMENTS

NOTE: Item 12 does not apply if the solicitation includes the provisions at 52.214-16, Minimum Bid Acceptance Period.

OFFER (Must be fully completed by offeror)

12. In compliance with the above, the undersigned agrees, if this offer is accepted within calendar days (60 calendar days unless a different period is inserted by the offeror) from the date for receipt of offers specified above, to furnish any or all items upon which prices are offered at the set opposite each item, delivered at the designated point(s), within the time specified in the schedule.

13. DISCOUNT FOR PROMPT PAYMENT

(See Section I, Clause No. 52.232-8)

14. ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF AMENDMENTS

(The offeror acknowledges receipt of amendments to the SOLICITATION for offerors and related documents numbered and dated):

10 CALENDAR DAYS (%) 20 CALENDAR DAYS (%) 30 CALENDAR DAYS (%) CALENDAR DAYS(%)

DATEAMENDMENT NO.AMENDMENT NO. DATE

15A. NAME AND

ADDRESS

OF OFFEROR

CODE FACILITY 16. NAME AND THE TITLE OF PERSON AUTHORIZED TO SIGN

OFFER(Type or print)

15B. TELEPHONE NUMBER

AREA CODE NUMBER EXTENSION

15C. CHECK IF REMITTANCE ADDRESS IS

DIFFERENT FROM ABOVE - ENTER SUCH

ADDRESS IN SCHEDULE.

17. SIGNATURE 18. OFFER DATE

AWARD (To be completed by Government)

19. ACCEPTED AS TO ITEMS NUMBERED 20. AMOUNT 21. ACCOUNTING AND APPROPRIATION

22. AUTHORITY FOR USING OTHER THAN FULL OPEN COMPETITION:

10 U.S.C. 2304 (c) ( )41 U.S.C. 3304(a)

24. ADMINISTERED BY (If other than Item 7)

26. NAME OF CONTRACTING OFFICER (Type or print)

IMPORTANT - Award will be made on this Form, or on Standard Form 26, or by other authorized official written notice.

AUTHORIZED FOR LOCAL REPRODUCTION

Previous edition is unusable

23. SUBMIT INVOICES TO ADDRESS SHOWN IN

(4 copies unless otherwise specified)

25. PAYMENT WILL BE MADE BY

27. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

(Signature of Contracting Officer)

28. AWARD DATE

CODE

ITEM

STANDARD FORM 33 (REV. 6/2014)

Prescribed by GSA - FAR (48 CFR) 53.214 (c)

SEALED BID (IFB)

NEGOTIATED (RFP)

(Hour) (Date)

PART I - THE SCHEDULE PART II - CONTRACT CLAUSES

Table of Contents

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

SECTION B – SUPPLIES OR SERVICES AND PRICE/COSTS

B.1 PURPOSE STATEMENT

B.2 CONTRACT TYPE

B.3 ESTIMATED COST, FIXED-FEE, AND OBLIGATED AMOUNT

B.4 BUDGET SCHEDULE

B.5 INDIRECT COSTS AND CEILINGS

B.6 COST REIMBURSABLE

B.7 PAYMENT OF FIXED FEE

SECTION C – SCOPE OF WORK

C.1 PURPOSE

C.2 DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGE

C.3 THEORY OF CHANGE

C.4 SCOPE OF WORK

C.4.1 Component 1: Strengthen the Energy Sector’s Performance

C.4.2. Component 2: Diversify and Secure Energy Supply

C.4.3. Component 3: Promoting Advanced Technology Pilots and Partnerships

C.5 GRANTS UNDER CONTRACT

C.6 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT

C.7 IMPLEMENTATION CONSIDERATIONS

C.7.1 Digital Strategy, Innovation and Technology Considerations

C.7.2 Sustainability Considerations

C.7.3 Gender Considerations

C.7.4 Youth Considerations

C.7.5 Geographic Considerations

C.7.6 COVID-19 Considerations

C.8 ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT

C.9 CONTRACT MANAGEMENT

C.9.1 Personnel

C.9.2 Infrastructure Activities

C.10 GEOGRAPHICALLY DISAGGREGATED INDICATORS

SECTION D – PACKAGING AND MARKING

D.1 AIDAR 752.7009 - MARKING (JAN 1993)

D.2 BRANDING AND MARKING POLICY

D.3 BRANDING STRATEGY

D.4 MARKING PLAN

D.5 APPROVAL OF CONTRACTOR BRANDING STRATEGY AND

MARKING PLAN

SECTION E – INSPECTION AND ACCEPTANCE

E.1 NOTICE LISTING CONTRACT CLAUSES INCORPORATED BY

REFERENCE

E.2 INSPECTION AND ACCEPTANCE

SECTION F – DELIVERIES OR PERFORMANCE

F.1 NOTICE LISTING CONTRACT CLAUSES INCORPORATED BY

REFERENCE

F.2 PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE

F.3 PLACE OF PERFORMANCE

F.4 PERFORMANCE STANDARDS

F.5 PROGRAM EVALUATIONS

F.6 AUTHORIZED WORKDAY / WEEK

F.7 DELIVERABLES AND REQUIRED REPORTING

F.7.1 PLANS, REPORTS AND DELIVERABLES

F.7.2 REPORTING PRODUCTS AND TOOLS (in digital format that is consistent with Section C):

F.7.3 SUMMARY OF PLANS, REPORTS AND OTHER DOCUMENTS

F.8 AIDAR 752.7005 SUBMISSION REQUIREMENTS FOR DEVELOPMENT

EXPERIENCE DOCUMENTS (SEPTEMBER 2013)

F.9 KEY PERSONNEL

F.10 SPECIAL CONTRACT REQUIREMENT

F.11 FIXED FEE PAYMENT SCHEDULE

F.12 AUDIT

F.13 GEOGRAPHIC DATA ASSET REPORTING REQUIREMENTS

SECTION G – CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION DATA

G.1 AIDAR 752.7003 - DOCUMENTATION FOR PAYMENT (NOV 1998)

G.2 ADMINISTRATIVE CONTRACTING OFFICE

G.3 CONTRACTING OFFICER'S AUTHORITY

G.4 CONTRACTING OFFICER'S REPRESENTATIVE (COR)

G.5 CONTRACTOR’S PRIMARY POINT OF CONTACT

G.6 PAYING OFFICE

G.7 ACCOUNTING AND APPROPRIATION DATA

G.8 TECHNICAL DIRECTOR/RELATIONSHIP WITH USAID

SECTION H – SPECIAL CONTRACT REQUIREMENTS

H.1 NOTICE LISTING CONTRACT CLAUSES INCORPORATED BY

REFERENCE

H.2 AIDAR 752.7004 EMERGENCY LOCATOR INFORMATION (JUL 1997)82

H.3 AUTHORIZED GEOGRAPHIC CODE

H.4 DEFENSE BASE ACT (DBA) INSURANCE

H.5 FOREIGN GOVERNMENT DELEGATIONS TO INTERNATIONAL

CONFERENCES

H.6 AIDAR 752.225-70 SOURCE AND NATIONALITY REQUIREMENTS

(FEB 2012)

H.7 AIDAR 752.228-70 MEDICAL EVACUATION (MEDEVAC) SERVICES

(JULY 2007)

H.8 PROHIBITION AND ASSISTANCE TO DRUG TRAFFICKING

H.9 752.7007 PERSONNEL COMPENSATION (JUL 2007)

H.10 ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR PERSONNEL COMPENSATION85

H.11 EMPLOYMENT OF THIRD COUNTRY NATIONALS (TCNS) AND

COOPERATING COUNTRY NATIONALS (CCNS) (AIDAR 722.170)

H.12 LIMITATION ON ACQUISITION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

(DEVIATION NOS. M/OAA-DEV-FAR-20-3c AND M/OAA-DEV-AIDAR-20-3c)

(APRIL 2020)

H.13 SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ENGINEERING AND

CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES

H.14 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS

H.15 GRANTS UNDER CONTRACTS

H.16 SEXUAL MISCONDUCT (DECEMBER 2020)

H.17 SUBCONTRACTING CONSENT

H.18 EXECUTIVE ORDER ON TERRORISM FINANCING

H.19 AIDAR 752.231-71 SALARY SUPPLEMENTS FOR HOST GOVERNMENT

EMPLOYEES (MAR 2015)

H.20 LANGUAGE REQUIREMENTS AND REPORTING

H.21 OWNERSHIP OF PROJECT DATA, REPORTS AND OTHER

DOCUMENTS

H.22 SUBCONTRACTING PLAN AND THE SF 294 – SUBCONTRACTING

REPORT FOR INDIVIDUAL CONTRACTS AND SF 295 – SUMMARY

CONTRACTING REPORT

H.23 AIDAR 752.7032 – INTERNATIONAL TRAVEL APPROVAL AND

NOTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS (APR 2014)

H.24 ADS 302.3.5.19 USAID-FINANCED THIRD-PARTY WEB SITES (NOV

2017) 102

H.25 ADS 302.3.5.21 SUBMISSION OF DATASETS TO DEVELOPMENT DATA

LIBRARY (OCT 2014)

H.26 ELECTRONIC PAYMENTS SYSTEM

H.27 PRESS RELATIONS

H.28 USE OF GOVERNMENT FACILITIES

H.29 VALUE ADDED TAX (VAT) AND CUSTOMS DUTIES

H.30 CONTRACTOR’S USE OF PROJECT VEHICLES AND LIABILITY

INSURANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR PRIVATELY OWNED VEHICLES

H.31 AIDAR 752.228-7 INSURANCE -- LIABILITY TO THIRD PERSONS.

(JULY 1997)

H.32 CHILD LABOR

H.33 MEDIA AND INFORMATION HANDLING AND PROTECTION (APRIL

2018) 108

H.34 CLOUD COMPUTING (APRIL 2018)

H.35 AIDAR 752.245-70 GOVERNMENT PROPERTY—USAID REPORTING

REQUIREMENTS (OCT 2017)

H.36 PROHIBITION ON THE USE OF FEDERAL FUNDS TO PROMOTE,

SUPPORT, OR ADVOCATE THE LEGALIZATION OR PRACTICE OF

PROSTITUTION- TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS - ACQUISITION

H37. FAR Part 4.21 Prohibition On Contracting for Certain Covered

Telecommunications And Video Surveillance Services or Equipment (Section 889)

(January 2021)

H.38 ELECTRONIC AND INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION

TECHNOLOGY ACCESSIBILITY (APRIL 2018)

H.39 PRIVACY AND SECURITY INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SYSTEMS

INCIDENT REPORTING (APRIL 2018)

H.40 SKILLS AND CERTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS FOR PRIVACY AND

SECURITY STAFF (APRIL 2018)

H.41 AIDAR 752.222-71 NONDISCRIMINATION (JUNE 2012)

H.42 AIDAR 752.229-71 REPORTING OF FOREIGN TAXES (JUL 2007)

H.43 STANDARDS OF CONDUCT - IMPROPER BUSINESS PRACTICES ... 127

H.44 CONFLICT OF INTEREST

H.45 DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION

H.46 NONEXPENDABLE PROPERTY AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

RESOURCES

H.47 52.223-99 ENSURING ADEQUATE COVID-19 SAFETY PROTOCOLS

FOR FEDERAL CONTRACTORS (OCT 2021) (DEVIATION #M/OAA-DEV-

FAR-22-01c)

SECTION I – CONTRACT CLAUSES

I.1 NOTICE LISTING CONTRACT CLAUSES INCORPORATED BY

REFERENCE

I.2 FAR 52.204-1, APPROVAL OF CONTRACT (DEC 1989)

I.3 FAR 52.204-19, INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE OF

REPRESENTATIONS AND CERTIFICATIONS (DEC 2014)

I.4 FAR 52.204-21 BASIC SAFEGUARDING OF COVERED CONTRACTOR

INFORMATION SYSTEMS (JUN 2016)

I.5 52.217-9 OPTION TO EXTEND THE TERM OF THE CONTRACT (MAR

2000) 138

I.6 FAR 52.247-67, SUBMISSION OF TRANSPORTATION DOCUMENTS

FOR AUDIT (FEB 2006)

I.7 FAR 52.252-2, Clauses Incorporated By Reference (FEB 1998)

I.8 AIDAR 752.222-70 - USAID DISABILITY POLICY (DEC 2004)

I.9 AIDAR 752.7013 CONTRACTOR-MISSION RELATIONSHIPS (JUNE

2018) 140

I.10 FAR 52.222-35 EQUAL OPPORTUNITY FOR VETERANS (JUN 2020) . 141

I.11 FAR 52.222-36 EQUAL OPPORTUNITY FOR WORKERS WITH

DISABILITIES (JUN 2020)

I.12 FAR 52.222-50 – COMBATING TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS (OCT 2020)

I.13 AIDAR 731.231-72 CONFERENCE PLANNING AND REQUIRED

APPROVAL (APR 2020)

SECTION J - LIST OF ATTACHMENTS

J.1 PRIME AND MAJOR SUBCONTRACTOR PERCENTAGE OF WORK

OVERVIEW

J.2 SUBCONTRACTING PLAN link is available on the USAID Subcontracting

Program webpage: https://www.usaid.gov/business/small_business/subcontracting-program

J.3 INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION (IEE) (Attached in a separate document as a pdf file)

J.4 CONTRACTOR EMPLOYEE BIOGRAPHICAL DATA SHEET

J.5 SF LLL – Disclosure of Lobbying Activities

J.6 Contractor Performance Information Form (Attached)

J.7 Past Performance Matrix (Attached in a separate document as an excel file)

J.8 Section K - Representations, Certifications and Other Statements of Offerors

(Attached)

J.9 Fee Schedule Template (Attached)

J.10 Tunisia Local Compensation Plan (Attached)

J.11 Budget Template (Attached in a separate document as an excel file)

SECTION K – REPRESENTATIONS, CERTIFICATIONS, AND OTHER

STATEMENTS

SECTION L - INSTRUCTIONS, CONDITIONS, AND NOTICES TO OFFERORS

L.1 NOTICE LISTING SOLICITATION PROVISIONS INCORPORATED . 155

L.2 52.216-1 Type of Contract (APR 1984)

L.3 52.233-2 SERVICE OF PROTEST (SEP 2006)

L.4 GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS TO OFFERORS

L.5 PROPOSAL SUBMISSION

L.6 INSTRUCTIONS FOR PREPARING THE TECHNICAL VOLUME:

L.7 INSTRUCTIONS FOR PREPARATION THE COST VOLUME

L.8 EVIDENCE OF RESPONSIBILITY

L.9 REPRESENTATIONS, CERTIFICATIONS, AND OTHER STATEMENTS

OF OFFEROR

L.10 CONSENT TO SUBCONTRACT

L.11 LEGISLATIVE REPORTING INFORMATION

L.12 SUBCONTRACTING: SMALL BUSINESS GOAL PLAN AND

SUBCONTRACTING PLAN

L13. WAIVERS UNDER FAR PART 4.2101 PROHIBITION ON COVERED

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND VIDEO SURVEILLANCE SERVICES AND

EQUIPMENT (DECEMBER 2021)

SECTION M - EVALUATION FACTORS FOR AWARD

M.1 NOTICE LISTING SOLICITATION PROVISIONS INCORPORATED BY

REFERENCE

M.2 GENERAL AND SELECTION INFORMATION

M.3 DETERMINATION OF COMPETITIVE RANGE

M.4 TECHNICAL EVALUATION CRITERIA

M.5 COST PROPOSAL EVALUATION

M.6 CONTRACTING WITH SMALL BUSINESS CONCERNS

M.7 SOURCE SELECTION

M.8 52.217-5 EVALUATION OF OPTIONS (JUL 1990)

ATTACHMENT J.6

ATTACHMENT J.8

ATTACHMENT J.9

ATTACHMENT J.10

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

AFD Agence Française de Développement ANME National Energy Management Agency CDCS Country Development Cooperation Strategy CRP Country Road Map

DFC Development Finance Corporation DO Development Objective EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and Development ETAP Tunisian Oil Company

FSRU Floating Storage and Regasification Unit GDP Gross Domestic Product GIZ Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GoT Government of Tunisia

IEE Initial Environmental Examination IFC International Financial Corporation IR Intermediate Result J2SR Journey to Self-Reliance

MEMET Ministry of Energy, Mining & Energy Transition MENA Middle East and North Africa NDC Negative Determination with Conditions NGO Non-Governmental Organization

PS Private Sector PSE Private Sector Engagement SPV Special Purpose Vehicle STEG Tunisian Company of Electricity and Gas

USG United States Government USTDA US Trade & Development Agency

PART I – SCHEDULE

SECTION B – SUPPLIES OR SERVICES AND PRICE/COSTS

B.1 PURPOSE STATEMENT

The purpose of this contract is to implement the Power Tunisia activity as specified in Section C which advances self-reliance in Tunisia by strengthening the country’s institutional capacity to manage, operate, and maintain a modern, financially sound power system.

B.2 CONTRACT TYPE

This is a Cost-Plus-Fixed-Fee (CPFF) Completion-type contract. For the consideration set forth below, the contract shall provide the deliverables described in Section F in accordance with the performance standards outlined in Section F.4 of this document.

B.3 ESTIMATED COST, FIXED-FEE, AND OBLIGATED AMOUNT

(a) The estimated cost for the performance of the work required for the three (3) year base period, exclusive of fixed fee, if any, is $TBD. The fixed fee, if any, is $TBD. The estimated cost plus fixed fee, if any, is $TBD. Cost must be limited to reasonable, allocable and allowable costs determined in accordance with FAR 52.216-7 Allowable Cost and Payment.

(b) The estimated cost for the performance of the work required for the option period, exclusive of fixed fee, if any, is $TBD. The fixed fee, if any, for the Option is $TBD. The estimated cost plus fixed fee, if any, is $TBD. Cost must be limited to reasonable, allocable and allowable costs determined in accordance with FAR 52.216-7 Allowable Cost and Payment.

(c) Within the estimated cost plus fixed fee (if any) specified in paragraphs (a) and (b) above, the amount currently obligated and available for reimbursement of allowable costs incurred by the Contractor (and payment of fee, if any) for performance hereunder is

$TBD. The Contractor must not exceed the aforesaid obligated amount unless authorized by the Contracting Officer pursuant to the clause of this contract entitled "Limitation of Funds" (FAR 52.232-22).

(d) Subject to the availability of funds, this contract will be incrementally funded.

B.4 BUDGET SCHEDULE

CLIN DESCRIPTION CLIN TOTAL AMOUNT

0001 Base Period – Technical Assistance (Non-GUC)

Grants Under Contract

Indirect Costs

Fixed Fee

Total Estimated Cost Plus Fixed Fee – Base Period $

1001 Option Period – Technical Assistance (Non-GUC)

Grants Under Contract

Indirect Costs

Fixed Fee

Total Estimated Cost Plus Fixed Fee – Option Period $

TOTAL TEC (Base & Option) $

These amounts may not be adjusted without a written modification signed by the Contracting Officer. The contractor will not bill any amounts against this contract in excess of the amounts specified for each line item as illustrated above. The base amount plus the option exercised cannot exceed the total estimated cost of the contract.

B.5 INDIRECT COSTS AND CEILINGS

FAR 52.216-7, “Allowable Cost and Payment (JUN 2013)” specifies that the indirect cost rates shall be established for each of the Contractor’s accounting periods that apply to this contract. Pending establishment of revised provisional or final indirect cost rates, allowable indirect costs must be reimbursed on the basis of the following negotiated provisional or predetermined rates and the appropriate base for prime contractors and their major subcontractors. Major subcontractors are defined as those whose proposed cost exceeds 20% of the Offeror’s total proposed cost.

(a) Reimbursement for indirect costs shall be at the lower of the negotiated final (or predetermined) rates or the following ceiling rates:

Description Rate Base Period

% 1/ 1/

% 2/ 2/

% 3/ 3/

1/ Base of Application:

Period:

2/ Base of Application:

3/ Base of Application

NOTE: Insert additional indirect rates as needed for all primes and major subcontractors in the above table.

(b) The Government will not be obligated to pay any additional amount should the final indirect cost rates exceed the negotiated ceiling rates. If the final indirect cost rates are less than the negotiated ceiling rates, the negotiated rates will be reduced to conform to the lower rates.

(c) This understanding shall not change any monetary ceiling, obligation, or specific cost allowance or disallowance. Any changes in classifying or allocating indirect costs require the prior written approval of the Contracting Officer.

B.6 COST REIMBURSABLE

The U.S. dollar costs allowable will be limited to reasonable, allocable, allowable, and necessary costs determined in accordance with FAR 52.216-7, Allowable Cost and Payment (AUGUST 2018), FAR 52.216-8, Fixed Fee (JUNE 2011), if applicable, and AIDAR 752.7003, Documentation for Payment (NOV 1998).

The applicable clauses incorporated by reference in Section I are as follows: FAR 52.232- 20 Limitation of Cost (applies when the contract is fully funded). FAR 52.232-22 Limitation of Funds (applies while the contract is funded in an amount less than the total cost plus fixed fee).

B.7 PAYMENT OF FIXED FEE

Pursuant to FAR 16.306 (d) Cost-Plus-Fixed-Fee Contracts, payment of the fixed-fee will be divided between fixed payments for activity deliverables, i.e. plans and reports (not to exceed twenty-five percent) and fixed payments based on the completed performance deliverables (seventy-five percent) found in the Fixed-Fee Schedule in accordance with

Sections B.3. and B.4.

All fixed fee payments are subject to the inspection and acceptance by USAID as specified in Section E of the same and in compliance with the terms of this contract. Upon successful completion of a deliverable, the Contractor must provide evidence of its achievement in accordance with performance standards specified in Section F to the Contracting Officer or Contracting Officer’s Representative (COR) (if delegated by the CO to COR). Upon receipt of concurrence by the COR, the Contractor shall submit an invoice for the amount of the fee associated with the deliverable.

Payment of fixed fee will be made upon receipt of a proper invoice and shall be based upon the Fixed-Fee Schedule. Specifically, in accordance with 52.216-8, Fixed Fee, the

Contracting Officer (CO) will withhold 15% of the total fee or $100,000.00, whichever is less, until the required award conditions under the reference clause are met.

The following exceptions to paying fixed fee in this manner apply:

(a) If the CO determines that this method results in paying a disproportionately higher ratio of fixed fee than the percentage of work that the Contractor completed, then the CO may suspend further payment of any fixed fee until the Contractor has made sufficient progress to justify further payment, up to the agreed percentage.

(b) The clauses entitled “Allowable Cost and Payment” (FAR 52.216 -7) and “Fixed Fee” (FAR 52.216-8) are incorporated into this contract.

(c) In the event of discontinuance of the work in accordance with the clause of the contract entitled FAR 52.249-6 Termination (Cost Reimbursement), the fee must be re-determined by mutual agreement equitably to reflect the reduction in the work actually performed. The amount by which such fee is less than, or exceeds, payments previously made on account of the fee must be paid to, or repaid by the

Contractor, as applicable.

Fixed-Fee Schedule is included in Section F.11.

[END OF SECTION B]

SECTION C – SCOPE OF WORK

C.1 PURPOSE

The USAID Power Tunisia Activity seeks to advance self -reliance in Tunisia by strengthening the country’s institutional capacity to manage, operate, and maintain a modern, diversified and financially sound electricity system. The activity has three core objectives:

● Strengthening the energy sector’s performance

● Diversifying and securing energy supply

● Promoting advanced technology pilots and partnerships

Through this activity, USAID seeks to contribute to the following high-level results planned for Tunisia’s energy sector:

1. Increase domestic electricity production from renewable sources to 30 percent by

2030.

2. Reduce energy demand by 30 percent by 2030.

3. Lower the carbon intensity by 41 percent by 2030.

4. Reduce electricity losses.

5. Increase private-sector-led investment and innovation.

6. Reduce energy deficit.

To advance these objectives, the Contractor must partner with the relevant government agencies, the local and international private sector, as well as collaborate with international donors and multilateral banks.

C.2 DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGE

Tunisia faces significant challenges in the energy sector. In the past decade, Tunisia’s technical and commercial electricity losses have accelerated, and commercial losses are especially apparent. Furthermore, hydrocarbon licensing in Tunisia has stalled and existing production has not kept pace with increasing demand. Today, around 97 percent of Tunisia’s electricity is derived from a single source, natural gas, and 65 percent of the natural gas is imported from Algeria at inflated prices. Fossil fuel imports contributed to the increase in the trade deficit, which reached 40 percent in 2019. Despite price increases, the majority of energy products, the largest of which apply to electricity, liquid petroleum gas, and diesel, are also heavily subsidized. Between 2017 and 2018, electricity subsidies grew from 0.73 percent to 0.93 percent of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Viewed in terms of energy independence, the rate of domestic energy supply compared to domestic demand has deteriorated from 95 percent in 2010 to 41 percent in 2019.

To tackle these challenges, the Government of Tunisia adopted an energy transition framework for 20301 that is based on the following priority areas: (1) development of national hydrocarbon resources; (2) strengthening the refining, transporting, and distributing of petroleum products; (3) development of electricity production and strengthen electricity interconnections with different countries; and (4) integration of 30 percent renewable energy by 2030 and reducing the demand for primary energy, which consists of unconverted or original fuels, by 30 percent using energy efficiency techniques. As part of the Paris Agreement, Tunisia also submitted its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) pledges to reduce its carbon intensity by 41 percent by 20302. Although energy stakeholders have prepared detailed action plans to accomplish these goals, implementation has been slower than anticipated.

The USAID Power Tunisia Activity aims to assist Tunisia to meet the fourth priority of the Energy Transition Plan by working with the Ministry of Energy, the Tunisian Company of

Electricity and Gas (STEG), the National Energy Management Agency (ANME), the private sector, and other key stakeholders to explore innovative methodologies to reduce financial and electricity losses, to pilot advanced technologies to achieve renewable energy (RE) and energy efficiency (EE) goals set out by the government, and to strengthen the foundations of a new regulatory authority in the electricity sector.

This activity aligns with the U.S. Government’s climate change priorities, which is second on the list of seven White House top priorities3, and on reducing the carbon footprint, which is based on an Executive Order regarding the social cost of greenhouse gases4. The activity also aligns with USAID/Tunisia’s Country Development Cooperation Strategy Development Objective 1 of “Inclusive Private Sector Employment Increased” and thereunder, Intermediate Result (IR) 1.1, “Private Sector Competitiveness Increased,” and

IR 1.2, “Improved Enabling Environment for Private-Sector Growth,” which aims to advance Tunisia’s Journey to Self -Reliance and further USAID’s Private-Sector Engagement Policy.5

C.3 THEORY OF CHANGE

The activity’s theory of change is that improved electricity sector performance, diversified energy sources, and a stronger regulatory framework will help Tunisia achieve its

1 For the entire strategy, visit http://www.anme.nat.tn/fileadmin/user1/doc/DEP/Rapport_final__PST.pdf

2 For more information, visit:

https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/ndcstaging/PublishedDocuments/Tunisia%20First/INDC-Tunisia-

English%20Version.pdf 3 Visit the following website for the U.S. Government priorities: https://www.whitehouse.gov/priorities/

4The full text of the Executive Order could be found here: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/01/20/executive-order-protecting-public-health-and-environment-and-restoring-science-to-tackle-climate-crisis/ 5 The Private Sector Engagement Policy could be found here:

https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1865/usaid_psepolicy_final.pdf http://www.anme.nat.tn/fileadmin/user1/doc/DEP/Rapport_final__PST.pdf https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/ndcstaging/PublishedDocuments/Tunisia%20First/INDC-Tunisia-English%20Version.pdf https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/ndcstaging/PublishedDocuments/Tunisia%20First/INDC-Tunisia-English%20Version.pdf https://www.whitehouse.gov/priorities/ https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/01/20/executive-order-protecting-public-health-and-environment-and-restoring-science-to-tackle-climate-crisis/ https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/01/20/executive-order-protecting-public-health-and-environment-and-restoring-science-to-tackle-climate-crisis/ https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/01/20/executive-order-protecting-public-health-and-environment-and-restoring-science-to-tackle-climate-crisis/ https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1865/usaid_psepolicy_final.pdf renewable energy and energy efficiency goals. As the energy sector becomes more financially sustainable, more energy secure, and less dependent on foreign governments, Tunisia will move forward on its journey to self-reliance. More specifically, by diversifying its electricity mix to include new renewables and reducing its energy costs through energy conservation, Tunisia will improve its energy trade balance. These measures will mitigate the considerable downward pressure on foreign-exchange reserves from the energy deficit, which in turn will make it more feasible for the Government of Tunisia to liberalize access to foreign exchange by the private sector and encourage private investment in the energy sector.

USAID recognizes that given the complexity of the current development landscape, the theory of change will need to be periodically revisited and potentially adjusted based on experience and in accordance with an ongoing, iterative analytical approach. It will be essential for monitoring, evaluation and learning actions to periodically examine ongoing progress with respect to key drivers for transformative and sustainable development.

To achieve its goals, USAID Power Tunisia will partner with key government stakeholders as well as leverage the knowledge, innovation and finances of the private sector to deploy new technologies, expand the Tunisian smart grid, and help lower the cost of electricity for consumers. The theory takes into account a number of critical assumptions and risks. Major assumptions include: that by the time this activity is awarded, the current public health crisis would allow for the achievement of the stated objectives; that the activity is able to effectively partner with the key government stakeholders and the private sector; that the GoT renewable energy procurement programs move forward and are able to reach capacity targets; and that STEG is able to reduce commercial losses. A major risk to implementation is that the long-term economic fallout from the pandemic compounded by earlier contractions in GDP reduces the financial position of the utility, which could make loss reduction goals harder to achieve. This risk can be mitigated by supporting STEG in modernizing the energy system and its operations. A different implementation risk is the energy sector developers’ fear of not getting paid for their investments due to financial difficulties experienced by STEG. This risk can be mitigated by working directly with STEG on its bankability as well as help ensure that the policy and regulatory environments are business-friendly and safe for investment. Another risk is that the proliferation of donors in the sector reduces the capacity of government stakeholders to engage with

USAID Power Tunisia. This can be mitigated through the activity’s active participation in donor coordination groups and with other donors to increase coordination and reduce duplication of effort.

C.4 SCOPE OF WORK

The activity will have three core components:

Component 1: Strengthen the Energy Sector’s Performance

Component 2: Diversify and Secure Energy Supply Component 3: Promote Advanced Technology Pilots and Partnerships

All of the Contractor’s activities planned per this statement of work must be approved by the COR per Section F.7.

The Contractor will be held responsible for the minimum requirements for all Components in Section C. However, the Expected Results are laid out for each Component so that the Contractor fully understands the desired outcomes for the activity and can help manage the activity towards those results.

C.4.1 Component 1: Strengthen the Energy Sector’s Performance

C.4.1.1. Component 1.1 - Utility Modernization

The Contractor must provide technical assistance and capacity building to strengthen Tunisia’s energy sector performance and reliability of the utility system through modernizing efforts, including reducing technical and commercial losses, integrating technological improvements and efficiencies, best practices, and organizational changes.

The Contractor must also advise STEG on advanced utility business models to achieve Power Tunisia’s expected results.

A. Reduction of Losses and Increased Payment. Challenges in financial and operational performance of power utilities hinder private sector investment, limits expansion of electricity service, and creates significant fiscal burdens. Strengthening the energy sector’s performance and its reliability requires modern utility systems. According to the World

Bank’s study “Shedding Light on Electricity Utilities,” Tunisia’s commercial losses had the third highest impact on its GDP when compared to the electricity losses of fourteen Middle East and North African (MENA) countries. These losses include 8 percent technical losses and 10 percent commercial losses. An improvement in quality of service will reduce incentives for nonpayment cost of the service. In general, high commercial losses can be mitigated through the adoption of human resources practices, customer regularization training, metering (pre-paid meters, automated meter reading, and wireless technology for credit purchase and management), theft reduction training, and focusing on low-income and female consumers who may need specialized assistance. Integrating technological improvements and efficiencies into Tunisia’s electricity grid will provide significant cost savings, further reducing incentives for non-payment.

The Contractor must, at a minimum, perform the following during the Base Period:

● Identify the sources of technical losses, procure and install selected equipment to reduce losses, and improve the reliability of service over time.

● Building on the existing World Bank commercial loss reduction strategy, provide technical support to regularize the different segments of non-paying customers.

● In coordination with other donors (e.g. AFD), assist STEG to map customer meters and other distribution assets. Identify improvements to smart metering programs that can be adopted to improve loss reduction and cost recovery.

● Train STEG on loss reduction strategies, including topics such as loss analytics, strengthening utility business processes and procedures, ICT systems, customer regularization, theft reduction, community engagement, utility business models and human resources practices.

Base Period Expected Results

● At least a 2 percent reduction in commercial losses reported by STEG.

● At least a 2 percent increase in cost recovery reported by STEG.

● At least 20 percent of the STEG staff trained report increased skills and knowledge of loss reduction strategies as a result of the training provided.

B. Integrating Technological Improvements. STEG has not yet modeled the impact of smart meters and other modernized technologies, such as renewable energy technologies, that may impact the reliability and management of the grid. Under Power Tunisia, the Contractor must integrate technological improvements in order to enhance reliability and management of the grid. In coordination with the World Bank, other donors, and STEG, the

Contractor must perform the following interventions and complete the output/deliverables during the Base Period:

● Create a digital lab for STEG to pilot the interplay of new technologies in a safe environment before recommending installation on the grid.

● Develop a cybersecurity needs and resilience plan to assess system vulnerabilities.

● Perform at least three (3) scenarios to model and test the adoption of modern technologies to reduce technical and commercial losses.

● Digital lab created for STEG to allow proof-of-concept testing that can be run safely and quickly to catalyze faster innovation with less risk.

● Cybersecurity performance improved based on the average industry security rating.

The following must, at a minimum, be completed during the Option Period:

● Procure and install a Metering Data Management System to perform long-term data storage and management for the vast quantities of data delivered by smart metering systems for STEG.

● Digitize STEG high-medium voltage to medium-low voltage in at least two substations, including the procurement and installation of vital equipment.

Option Period Expected Results

● STEG employees use metering data to streamline billing, improve revenue and asset management.

● Increase in STEG’s cash recovery index (billing ratio x collections ratio).

● Increase in STEG’s metered (regularized) customer base.

● Optimization of grid assets improved through digitalization.

C. Expanding Women’s Participation in the Workforce . A recent global study of electric utilities found that women were excluded from the majority of technical jobs within utilities, and tend to be clustered in lower paying administrative positions. Expanding women’s participation in the traditionally male-dominated energy sector leads to tangible economic empowerment outcomes for women, such as formal employment opportunities and higher income. Increased gender equality can improve business performance and help utilities meet their bottom-line goals by enhancing employee satisfaction, reducing turnover, and driving productivity thereby increasing overall utility efficiency. Using lessons learned from USAID’s Engendering Utilities project, which has identified the employee life cycle as a key entry point to affecting long-lasting and impactful change within partner utilities, Power Tunisia must assess the need for specialized gender interventions in order to help STEG recruit and retain female employees while cultivating men as allies in this process.

The following must be completed during the Base Period:

● Conduct a gender assessment of the energy sector, including an organizational review of all key energy sector organizations that will participate in USAID Power Tunisia, including STEG, and relevant government ministries and regulatory bodies.

Using lessons learned from USAID’s Engendering Utility activity, in alignment with USAID’s ADS 205.3.2 methodologies, and in coordination with STEG’s leadership, this assessment will identify key gender gaps, barriers to gender equality in the energy sector, and recommendations for priority areas of intervention. The project must consider the full employee life cycle from recruitment and talent outreach to separation and retirement including leadership training and professional development opportunities such as internships and fellowships that may help to further the development of female employees. Gender related recommendations must be made across all other components of this activity and presented to the assessed organizations.

Base Period Expected Results:

● At least a 5 percent increase in the number of women hired in energy sector organizations, including in technical and leadership positions.

● At least 1 new energy policy and/or strategy that includes gender objectives is adopted and implemented by STEG.

● At least 70 percent of the participants report increased knowledge and skills on gender equality and gender interventions.

During the Option Period, the Contractor must at a minimum, conduct the following:

● Collaborate with the Engendering Utilities Activity and USAID gender experts to design and implement at least one Engendering Accelerated Course for Tunisian energy sector stakeholders in order to design, implement and monitor gender action plans for all major energy stakeholders and relevant private sector companies, including Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).

● At least 80 percent of course participants report increased knowledge and skills on gender best practices for energy sector organizations.

● At least 70 percent of participants report increased agreement with the concept that males and females should have equal access to social, economic, and political resources and opportunities.

● At least 1 additional new gender policy and/or strategy adopted and implemented by energy sector organizations.

D. Increased Organizational Capability. As of today, STEG has not f inancially valued its generation, transmission, and distribution system assets. The utility is currently performing a financial accounting exercise to evaluate its generation, transmission, and distribution assets.

During the Option Period, the Contractor must provide capacity building (via training or other) to implement recommended reforms to improve the financial viability of STEG. All human resource and organizational change interventions will focus on gender equitable approaches to ensure women are provided opportunities and that gender considerations are understood and addressed. This includes collaboration with EBRD to support STEG’s financial unbundling if applicable.

Option Period Expected Results:

● The availability of high-quality asset risk, performance information and data allows

STEG leadership to make better informed decisions and improve the financial viability of STEG.

● Selected employees at STEG use new information to better understand and manage its asset portfolio and gain greater control of costs.

Additional interventions to achieve the Component 1.1 expected results will be incorporated into the activity work plans.

C.4.1.2. Component 1.2 - Catalyze Energy Efficiency Market Transformation

Under this sub-component, the Contractor must provide technical support to catalyze energy efficiency transformation in Tunisia and contribute to the country’s NDC commitment to reduce primary energy demand by 30 percent by 2030.

A. Effective Energy Transition Fund. Tunisia is considered a pioneer and leader among MENA nations in the implementation of energy efficiency (EE) policy. The country continues to intensify energy efficiency efforts to meet the country’s NDC commitment and to reduce primary energy demand by 30 percent by 2030. This ambitious goal is further disaggregated as follows: energy consumption reduction of 15 percent in buildings, 8 percent in industry and 7 percent in transportation.

The Tunisian government has developed a solid regulatory base with sound financial incentives to build on and scale up energy efficiency. In 2005, Law N°2005-106 introduced the National Fund for Energy Conservation6 to finance energy efficiency, renamed the Energy Transition Fund (ETF) in 2013 to emphasize its role in the energy transition strategy. The Fund collects money mainly from the tax on a car’s first registration, tax revenue from duties on import or the local production of air conditioning appliances, tax revenue on incandescent light bulbs, and electricity and gas consumption bills. For all planned work with ANME, the Contractor must coordinate with other donors (e.g. EU) given their role as funders of ANME's projects.

The Contractor must, at a minimum, provide the following during the Base Period:

● Assist and advise ANME staff to estimate energy savings opportunities to prioritize roll-out of policy, enforcement, resource allocation, and funding required for private and public sector in order to achieve 30% primary energy reduction.

● Assist ANME to develop a national energy consumption survey to estimate energy savings opportunities and to assess economic and social benefits of energy efficiency measures.

● Evaluate and advise the government on how the ETF can be leveraged to design and implement innovative financial incentive programs to accelerate penetration of energy efficient devices. Potential mechanisms to consider may include, but are not limited to: Revolving Fund; Utility Demand Side Management; Utility EE Standard Offer; Super Energy Service Companies, etc.

6 http://www.intt.tn/upload/txts/fr/loi_106-2005-fr.pdf http://www.intt.tn/upload/txts/fr/loi_106-2005-fr.pdf

● ANME prioritizes and tracks actions to achieve energy savings and assesses the related environmental, economic and social benefits.

● A plan developed for the use of EFT to achieve primary energy reduction through the use of efficient technologies.

The following must be completed during the Option Period:

● Assist the anticipated new Regulatory Authority to integrate energy efficiency and demand response as energy resources in Tunisia’s national energy planning.

● Assess the best regulatory mechanisms for implementing the energy efficiency and demand response resources identified.

● Energy efficiency is integrated into energy resource planning documents.

● The Ministry of Energy, ANME, STEG and the new Regulatory Authority better understand the role of energy efficiency in utility resource planning.

B. Enhanced Energy Efficiency Standards. Growth in peak load represents a significant challenge in Tunisia and will require adding new capacity onto the grid over the next 20 years. The increasing use and market penetration of air conditioning in Tunisia is a major driver of electricity demand growth. Appliance labeling was last updated in 2004 for refrigerators and in 2009 for air conditioning and should be revised. Moreover, labeling presents a significant challenge owing to the development of an informal market of air conditioners. There is a need for more stringent energy efficiency equipment standards and better enforcement practices which can greatly reduce the need to meet rising demand, and which represents a significant opportunity for energy savings in Tunisia. Energy Demand Planning integrates energy efficiency and demand response (DR) into national power development and integrated resource plans to enable the achievement of national strategic goals. Demand response can also provide significant value to the power system by reducing or shifting electricity usage during peak periods in response to time-based rates or other forms of financial incentives.

The Contractor must, at a minimum, perform the following during the Base Period:

● Provide technical assistance to ANME to revise current energy efficiency standards and labeling of equipment and products, including air conditioning.

● Increase ANME’s capacity to monitor, verify, and enforce energy efficient standards and labeling regulations to prevent inefficient equipment and products from entering the Tunisian market.

● The Tunisian government adopts energy efficiency standards for at least three different types of products.

● At least a 10% reduction of uncertified products sold on the market.

The following must be performed during the Option Period:

● Build ANME’s capacity to monitor, verify, and enforce regulations, including training for relevant stakeholders.

● In collaboration with ANME, develop educational and awareness campaigns to further program results and disseminate such educational campaign messages online. These campaigns must include creative gender-informed community-based outreach strategies that focus on demand-side management to encourage energy savings.

● At…