Annex_J.4a_EMMP_Template.pdf

Recommended Environmental Mitigation and Monitoring Plan Template for USAID/Malawi SEED activities

The following EMMP format is recommended and it takes into consideration proposed environmental and social management framework requirements by Malawi’s Environmental Affairs Department. The EMMP template satisfies requirements of USAID and Malawi’s EAD. It can be adapted, as necessary.

Environmental and Social Management Plan of the Malawi Secondary Education Expansion for Development

Construction of a Classroom Blocks or Community Day Secondary School

Located in XXX, XXX District

For the Environmental Affairs Department

Of the Government of Malawi

By ……………………………………………..(Name of Contractor/IP)

And the United States Agency for International Development

Written by:

…………………… ( Name of Contractor/IP)

Submitted by: ………(Name of contractor/IP)

Date

Table of contents

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Provide highlights of the activity including activity background. Provide purpose of ESMP and highlight major environmental and social issues presented in the ESMP report.

USAID APPROVALS

Provide an overview of USAID internal EIA processes, demonstrating that due diligence has been undertaken prior to construction works. Include highlights of SEED IEE and other construction works.

SECTION 1: ACTIVITY DESCRIPTION

Provide a brief description of the nature and location of the construction works with respect to name of the project proponent, nature of the project, duration, estimated costs for the construction works, design of the structures, land ownership and current use. The description should also include estimated number of workers to be engaged.

SECTION 2: DESCRIPTION OF EXISTING ENVIRONMENT

Provide Biophysical Characteristics (Soils, Topography, Vegetation, etc.) of the site. These should be site specific.

Include any climate risks/stressors observed in the region such as increased temperature, droughts, flooding, hailstorms, etc. Also provide socio-economic Conditions of the site including Water Supply, Health, Transportation, Sanitation, etc.)

SECTION 3: APPLICABLE LEGAL AND POLICIES INCLUDING LICENSES AND

PERMITS

Provide an account of all regulatory licenses and approvals required for the proposed activity to ensure that the activity will be in line with sound environmental management practices. Most of these requirements are already discussed in the IEE.

SECTION 4: IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS

Identify and assess Potential Environmental Impacts from Constructing School Buildings on sensitive or valuable ecosystems, material sourcing, water resources, air quality, waste management, workers, communities, aesthetics of the site, land acquisition, sanitation, SECTION 5: ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION AND MONITORING PLANS (TABLES)

2.1.1 EMMP TABLE FOR MALAWI SEED – XXX SITE – LAND ACQUISITION ACTIVITIES

Environmental Risks or Potential Adverse Impacts

Environment and Climate Mitigation Measure(s) [adapted from SEED IEE Conditions]

Monitoring Indicator(s) Monitoring Method

Monitoring and Reporting Frequency

Responsible Parties & Estimated Costs

Potential exclusion of project affected people

Invite all potential project affected people to take part in consultative processes

Invite all community leaders and related government officials to take part in consultative processes

Divide community leaders and government officials from project affected people to ensure all claims are heard

# of interviews with activity stakeholders conducted

Existence of a stakeholder participatory list with contact information

# of people identified during consultative process with legitimate tenure claims at proposed site

Review documentation from stakeholder process

Contact legitimate tenure claimants from stakeholder process to confirm participation

When submitted Construction Manager

Potential impact on undeveloped land through in-kind compensation

Follow up with the community is needed to resolve the community’s handling of in-kind compensations

Identify amount of legitimate tenure claims over the proposed site

Identify nearby suitable and equitable land NOT in a sensitive ecosystem to provide as compensation to claimants and NOT already claimed by others

# of legitimate tenure claimants that received equitable in-kind compensation

Area of land provided during in-kind compensation

Area of land requiring clearing of vegetation

Review stakeholder consultation documentation

Contact individuals from stakeholder process to confirm compensation received

Coordinator

2.1.1 EMMP TABLE FOR MALAWI SEED – XXX SITE – LAND ACQUISITION ACTIVITIES

Risks or Potential Adverse Impacts

Environment and Climate Mitigation Measure(s) [adapted from SEED IEE Conditions]

Monitoring Indicator(s) Monitoring Method

Monitoring and Reporting Frequency

Responsible Parties & Estimated Costs

Lack of proof of ownership may inhibit construction or endanger long-term claims to the land

Signed agreements with community leaders/education authorities approving land for SEED school use

Signed agreements between community leaders and claimants releasing claim to school property

Signed agreements between community leaders and claimants ensuring claimants long-term use of in-kind land

# of community leaders\educational authorities signing an agreement for the approval of land for SEED school use

# of legitimate tenure claimants agreeing to release claims to school property

# of legitimate tenure claimants receiving long-term agreements with community leaders for use of in-kind land

Receipt of copies of agreements (match signed claimants to consultative process identified claimants)

One time – Prior to Commencement of Construction

Construction

2.1.2 EMMP FOR MALAWI SEED – XXX SITE – CDSS PRE-CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES

Risks or Potential Adverse Impacts

Environment and Climate Mitigation Measure(s) [adapted from SEED IEE Conditions]

Monitoring Indicator(s) Monitoring Method

Monitoring and Reporting Frequency

Responsible Parties & Estimated Costs

Non-compliance with Malawian Government can lead to unintended environmental and legal consequences

Obtain permission from the Environmental Affairs Department (EAD) to undertake this construction activity prior to breaking ground

ESMP approval letter from

EAD

Approved document from EAD that the activity team has satisfied the Government of Malawi’s requirements for construction

When submitted (prior to construction activities)

Implementing Partner to have USAID review documentation before submittal.

A changing climate and district- specific natural disasters can negatively impact infrastructure if not planned for

Designs to bolster buildings against:

1) Stronger Winds - reinforced roof and windows;

2) Heavier Rains – gutters that overhang the walls to reduce erosion and other erosion control measures;

3) Hail Storms – reinforced roof and windows, and construction bricks that will not be damaged by hail;

4) Increasing Temperatures – improved ventilation to quickly remove heat; and,

5) Earthquakes – reinforced foundation and walls.

A completed and engineer approved construction design for ALL buildings that address the potential for severe weather and natural disasters

Receipt of draft design

Receipt of final design

When submitted

Poor site planning can lead to degradation of nearby natural resources

No building to be constructed within 30m of a slope greater than 5% to prevent erosion from runoff

Plan to include vegetation locations (i.e. trees) to avoid unnecessary destruction of vegetation

A completed and engineer approved site plan for ALL buildings

Receipt of draft design

Receipt of final

2.1.2 EMMP FOR MALAWI SEED – XXX SITE – CDSS PRE-CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES

Risks or Potential Adverse Impacts

Environment and Climate Mitigation Measure(s) [adapted from SEED IEE Conditions]

Monitoring Indicator(s) Monitoring Method

Monitoring and Reporting Frequency

Responsible Parties & Estimated Costs

Lack of professional design can endanger the longevity of the infrastructure and the health of the construction workers

Engineering firm contracted to design the structures must be licensed in Malawi and experienced

Valid and non-expired Malawian engineering license

# of previous contracted and completed construction designs

Receive copy of engineering license

Contact relevant Malawian government entity to verify license validity

Receive list of completed contracts from engineering firm

Contact previous employers of engineering firm to confirm successful completion of work

(this is all in the technical proposal)

Construction Manager

Lack of appropriate fire prevention design for laboratory can lead to fires that harm the health of beneficiaries and destroy infrastructure

The laboratory must be designed to resist a fire outbreak due to poor handling of flammable chemicals

# of fire resistant material (defined generally as a material that has been enabled to be nonflammable) implemented in laboratory design

Review laboratory design with EIMU to identify fire resistant materials

2.1.3 EMMP FOR MALAWI SEED – XXX SITE – CDSS GENERAL-CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES

ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS

OR POTENTIAL

ADVERSE IMPACTS

ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE MITIGATION

MEASURE(S) [ADAPTED FROM SEED IEE

CONDITIONS]

MONITORING

INDICATOR(S)

MONITORING

METHOD

MONITORING

AND REPORTING

FREQUENCY

RESPONSIBLE

PARTIES &

ESTIMATED

COSTS

SUBSTANDARD

CONSTRUCTION

MATERIALS CAN LEAD

TO INFRASTRUCTURE

FAILURE, DAMAGE TO

THE ENVIRONMENT,

AND RISK THE HEALTH

OF WORKERS AND

BENEFICIARIES

OVERSIGHT MEASURES ARE TO CONFIRM CHOSEN BUILDING

MATERIALS AND THOSE USED ON SITE ARE APPROPRIATE FOR

CONSTRUCTION BASED ON APPROVED DESIGN

# OF INCIDENCES IN WHICH

CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

WERE FOUND TO BE OF SUB-

STANDARD QUALITY

Spot checks of delivered materials to construction site

Spot checks of materials combined on site for construction purposes (i.e. testing concrete mixtures)

PLANNED SITE

INSPECTIONS

Fortnightly

FORTNIGHTLY

Coordinator with the Guidance from Construction Manager

POOR

IMPLEMENTATION OF

CONSTRUCTION

STANDARDS CAN LEAD

TO INFRASTRUCTURE

FAILURE, DAMAGE TO

THE ENVIRONMENT,

AND RISK THE HEALTH

OF WORKERS AND

BENEFICIARIES

OVERSIGHT MEASURES ARE TO CONFIRM CONSTRUCTION

ACTIVITIES ARE IMPLEMENTING APPROPRIATE

CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS BASED ON APPROVED DESIGN

# OF INCIDENCES IN WHICH

CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS

BASED ON THE APPROVED

ENGINEERING DESIGN WERE

NOT FOLLOWED

Spot checks of construction practices (i.e. all appropriate materials used in foundation, angle of roof trusses, thickness of walls, etc.)

PLANNED SITE

INSPECTIONS

DAILY

Construction Coordinator with Guidance from Construction Manager

NON-COMPLIANCE

WITH IEE DURING

CONSTRUCTION CAN

LEAD TO

INFRASTRUCTURE

OVERSIGHT MEASURES ARE TO CONFIRM APPROVED SITE

PLANS ARE IMPLEMENTED CORRECTLY

# OF INCIDENCES IN WHICH

APPROVED SITE PLANS WERE

NOT FOLLOWED

Planned site inspections

EACH TIME A

GROUNDBREAKING

WILL OCCUR FOR A

NEW BUILDING

Construction Coordinator with Guidance from

OR POTENTIAL

ADVERSE IMPACTS

ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE MITIGATION

MEASURE(S) [ADAPTED FROM SEED IEE

CONDITIONS]

MONITORING

INDICATOR(S)

MONITORING

METHOD

MONITORING

AND REPORTING

FREQUENCY

RESPONSIBLE

PARTIES &

ESTIMATED

COSTS

FAILURE, DAMAGE TO

THE ENVIRONMENT,

AND RISK THE HEALTH

OF WORKERS AND

BENEFICIARIES

NOISE DISTURBANCE

TO ADJACENT

DWELLINGS, PRIMARY

SCHOOL, AND

CULTURAL CENTER

Concentrate noisiest types of work and highest frequency vibrations activities into as short a period as possible, and during least disruptive times of day.

Avoid, to the extent possible, noisy and high vibration work during XXX primary school hours in which instruction may be disturbed

Avoid, to the extent possible, noisy and high vibration operations during cultural ceremonies at the cultural center and graveyard 100m from construction site

# of noise / vibration complaints from community members or primary school teachers

Schedule on-site indicating hours in which noisy and high vibration operations may occur

Discussions with community leaders, community members, and primary school headmaster

Spot check for noise / high vibration schedule on site

Monthly

BI WEEKLY

Coordinator and Construction Oversight Committee

USE OF BURNT BRICKS

AS CONSTRUCTION

MATERIALS CAN LEAD

TO DEGRADATION OF

NATURAL RESOURCES

Avoid the use of burnt bricks as construction materials due to waste of forest resources needed to heat them. Use soil stabilized blocks (SSBs), to the extent possible, to reduce both the need for wood to burn and sand to hold the block together. Concrete blocks are to be used when SSBs are not appropriate structurally to reduce the wastage of wood, even

% of blocks used in construction that are SSBs

% of blocks used in construction that are concrete blocks

Review construction reports

Site visits

Monthly Construction

OR POTENTIAL

ADVERSE IMPACTS

ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE MITIGATION

MEASURE(S) [ADAPTED FROM SEED IEE

CONDITIONS]

MONITORING

INDICATOR(S)

MONITORING

METHOD

MONITORING

AND REPORTING

FREQUENCY

RESPONSIBLE

PARTIES &

ESTIMATED

COSTS

though more sand is used.

ADVERSE IMPACTS ON

VEGETATION

Minimize destruction of vegetation during construction activities

When a tree is removed, if feasible, relocate the tree on site. Where relocation is not feasible, replant two native tree saplings of an anthropogenically useful tree (i.e. fruit, shade, etc.) on site or nearby with the consent of the Village Natural Resources Management Committee or School Management Committee

Revegetate shrubs or grasslands immediately following land disturbance to prevent erosion that would remove topsoil and cause sedimentation

Ensure care for replanted / revegetated areas until the vegetation is robust and growing

# of trees removed

# of tree saplings replanted

Area of disturbed vegetation due to construction activities

Area of denuded lands revegetated

Site visits

Taking pictures for documentation

Measuring areas of denuded and revegetated lands

Request information on the care of revegetated lands

Monthly Construction Coordinator and Construction Oversight Committee

POTENTIAL FOR

EROSION AROUND

INFRASTRUCTURE

If there is a risk of soil instability, it is necessary to choose another location or install a stabilization/recovery structure

Implement a soil protection system around infrastructure, stockpiles of materials, and stockpiles of construction waste to protect against wind and water erosion.

Use erosion control measures such as bales (pesticide free bales of agricultural waste) before storm events.

Infrastructure foundations must reach stable subsurface, establishing a hard foundation (and with

# of building sites relocated due to unstable ground

# of anti-erosion techniques applied

% of foundations that do NOT reach stable ground and have spread footing

Compaction level records

Check records or ask field teams if and when they had to relocate sites due to unstable ground

Visually inspect construction sites for erosion

Construction workers are to report when foundations do NOT

Quarterly check on records for when sites were relocated due to unstable ground

Monthly visual inspections for erosion and immediately after storm events

Request of workers to notify

Construction Manager and

OR POTENTIAL

ADVERSE IMPACTS

ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE MITIGATION

MEASURE(S) [ADAPTED FROM SEED IEE

CONDITIONS]

MONITORING

INDICATOR(S)

MONITORING

METHOD

MONITORING

AND REPORTING

FREQUENCY

RESPONSIBLE

PARTIES &

ESTIMATED

COSTS

spread footings if needed) in m-kg/m3 reach stable soil layers or when a spread footing was not put in place

Implementing Partner whenever foundations have been placed on unstable ground and without spread footing

USE OF HEAVY

EQUIPMENT CAN CAUSE

EROSION, DAMAGE

ROADS, COMPACT SOIL,

CONTAMINATE SOILS,

AND PRODUCE GHG

EMISSIONS

Minimize use of heavy machinery

Set protocols for vehicle maintenance such as requiring that repairs and fueling occur elsewhere or over impervious surface such as plastic sheeting

Prevent dumping of hazardous materials (i.e. oil, gasoline, lubricants, coolants, etc.)

Vehicle maintenance must not be conducted within 50m of surface water sources

Have a soil remediation or removal plan in place in case of spillage

Existence of vehicle maintenance protocols

# of incidences of vehicle maintenance protocols NOT being followed

# of heavy machinery in use

# of hours per week heavy machinery used

Site visit

Review vehicle maintenance logbook

Review any reports of machinery use and/or speak with construction manager and crew about heavy machinery use

Daily reporting in site diaries

Fortnightly checks on adherence to vehicle maintenance protocols and heavy machinery use

Construction Coordinator and Construction Oversight Committee

EXCAVATION/

EXTRACTION DANGERS

TO THE ENVIRONMENT

AND PERSONAL SAFETY

Fill, sand, and gravel extraction or the purchase of these materials from a vendor who extracts them from waterways or ecologically sensitive areas MUST be limited and avoided as much as possible. Where fill, sand, or gravel can be extracted from sources NEITHER in NOR near water bodies or ecologically sensitive areas, then this is an optimal scenario whereby, as much as possible, all extraction should occur to the extent that NEITHER significant vegetation (e.g. trees) is removed NOR are extraction techniques used that would contaminate

Verification from contractor that fill, sand, and gravel to be used for construction are being extracted from sources NEITHER in NOR near water bodies from waterways or ecologically sensitive areas, OR, verification from contractor that fill, sand, or gravel to be used for construction

Monitor adherence to fill/sand/gravel extraction restrictions.

Review of maps, photos, extraction rate, and cost per material extraction site.

Fortnightly checks on adherence to quarrying plans

Fortnightly site visits to quarried areas

Monthly checks on repurposing of materials

Construction Coordinator and Construction Oversight Committee

OR POTENTIAL

ADVERSE IMPACTS

ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE MITIGATION

MEASURE(S) [ADAPTED FROM SEED IEE

CONDITIONS]

MONITORING

INDICATOR(S)

MONITORING

METHOD

MONITORING

AND REPORTING

FREQUENCY

RESPONSIBLE

PARTIES &

ESTIMATED

COSTS

ground water.

WHERE IT IS UNAVOIDABLE that fill, sand, or gravel extraction should occur from waterways or ecologically sensitive areas, the risk of significant environmental impact MUST be minimized by 1) utilizing several points of extraction, 2) employing silt curtains, 3) keeping heavy equipment use within 50m of a sensitive area to a minimum, 4) striking a balance between the negative environmental impact of extracting all material from a site all at once to the cost of extracting small portions of the total numerous times to lessen the environmental shock to an ecological system, and 5) enacting as many material conservation techniques as possible to limit the amount of material needing to be extracted.

Recycle unused construction materials or demolition debris to reduce excavation activities

Cover piles of backfill with plastic sheeting to prevent runoff and use agricultural waste bales or other similar measures around the piles to prevent erosion and sedimentation

Place fencing around on-site excavation areas

Investigate shallower methods for excavation or no excavation at all are being extracted from water bodies or ecologically sensitive areas plus 1) maps of each site where material will be extracted, 2) the expected quantity of material to be extracted per site, 3) the frequency at which material will be extracted per site,

4) multiple photos per site showing the ecological health of the site before, during, and after each extraction, and 5) the monetary cost estimate of extracting material per site as opposed to purchasing and hauling it in from an on-land quarry.

Approximate weight of construction materials or demolition debris repurposed / reused

% of backfill piles NOT covered with plastic sheeting

% of backfill piles WITHOUT erosion control measures in place

Planned and unscheduled site visits

Report from contractor as to use of repurposed materials

Evidence that timber originated from a licensed supplier (picture / photocopy of license, check with relevant Ministry as to license validity)

One-time confirmation of timber supplier license

OR POTENTIAL

ADVERSE IMPACTS

ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE MITIGATION

MEASURE(S) [ADAPTED FROM SEED IEE

CONDITIONS]

MONITORING

INDICATOR(S)

MONITORING

METHOD

MONITORING

AND REPORTING

FREQUENCY

RESPONSIBLE

PARTIES &

ESTIMATED

COSTS

Fill in clay quarries before abandoning, unless community officials plan to repurpose the clay pit and the pit does not create a health and safety risk while awaiting its new purpose

Control runoff into pits to reduce standing water where mosquitos can breed

Avoid, to the extent possible, sourcing timber from unsustainable or unlicensed sources (purchasing timber from a middleman who verifiably sources timber from a licensed business is satisfactory)

% of excavation areas with fencing around them

% of clay removed from previously quarried location

# of clay quarries NOT filled in

# of pits / excavated areas with standing water

% of timber purchased from a proven licensed and sustainable supplier

FIRE CAN DAMAGE OR

DESTROY

INFRASTRUCTURE,

MACHINERY, OR

EQUIPMENT AND CAN

INJURE OR KILL

PERSONNEL

Set fire prevention and management protocols to include training on how to reduce chances of accidental fires and what to do when a fire appears

Keep at least two full buckets of sand within 10m of any potential fire hazard

Keep at least one fire extinguisher on-site at all times with at least one person on site trained in its use

Keep flammable liquids / chemicals locked in a storage unit at all times unless in use

Use fire resistant or fire-retardant materials where fire is a risk instead of normal materials

# of cubic meters (or buckets) of sand to smother fires per laboratory

# of fire extinguishers

# of chemical storage units with fire retardant materials

# of chemical storage units with locking mechanisms

# of staff trained in fire

Site visits

Count fire prevention measures

Review site reports and speak with workers about the number of incidences of fire on site

Monthly Construction Coordinator and Construction

OR POTENTIAL

ADVERSE IMPACTS

ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE MITIGATION

MEASURE(S) [ADAPTED FROM SEED IEE

CONDITIONS]

MONITORING

INDICATOR(S)

MONITORING

METHOD

MONITORING

AND REPORTING

FREQUENCY

RESPONSIBLE

PARTIES &

ESTIMATED

COSTS

prevention techniques

# of incidences of unplanned fires

POTENTIAL WORKER

INJURIES OR ILLNESS

FROM FALLS AND

FALLING OBJECTS,

COLLAPSES AND HEAVY

EQUIPMENT, FLYING

DEBRIS, EXPOSURE TO

TOXICS SUCH AS LEAD,

ASBESTOS, SOLVENTS,

AND CEMENT DUST;

POOR SANITATION;

HEAT STRESS

A written policy regarding worker health and safety and commitment to compliance with host country requirements

All workers receive a safety and health induction that explains safe work practices, the proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE), and their safety and health protections under law

Internal monitoring system to: 1) conduct regular self-inspections of sites against standards, and 2) tracking violations and accidents

Vehicles traveling in communities must adhere to a STC approved speed limit to slow potentially dangerous traffic and install speed humps adjacent to the construction site

Materials hauled in open vehicles must be covered to prevent any material from falling out

Existence of written health and safety policy

# of worker safety trainings conducted

Ratio of personal protection equipment to employed workers

# of postings in local languages around perimeter

# of speed humps installed adjacent to the construction site

# of incidences where open hauling construction vehicles DO NOT cover the materials while in transit

Scheduled site visits

Spot site visits

Interviews with construction manager

Interviews with workers

Review of site meting minutes

Inventory review of personal protection equipment

Fortnightly visits and interviews

Monthly review of personal protection equipment inventory

Quarterly review of training materials and attendance log

Construction Manager and

OR POTENTIAL

ADVERSE IMPACTS

ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE MITIGATION

MEASURE(S) [ADAPTED FROM SEED IEE

CONDITIONS]

MONITORING

INDICATOR(S)

MONITORING

METHOD

MONITORING

AND REPORTING

FREQUENCY

RESPONSIBLE

PARTIES &

ESTIMATED

COSTS

POOR SITE

MANAGEMENT CAN

LEAD TO HEALTH RISKS

FOR WORKERS AND

COMMUNITY MEMBERS

Site boundaries are well-marked and access is actively controlled

Prevent community members from accessing the construction and excavation sites where hazardous obstacles are present (e.g. use of tall opaque plastic fencing, day and/or night guard, etc.)

Ensure privacy, to the extent possible, of neighbors adjacent to construction sites (e.g. use of tall opaque plastic fencing, non-removal of tall vegetation between construction site and compounds, etc.)

Good housekeeping practices are in place to maintain a clean site

Safety signs and posters (at a minimum to mark site boundary, hardhat areas, explosion toxic hazards, etc.)

Smoking is banned altogether or restricted to designated smoking area well away from flammable materials

% of construction perimeter with opaque fencing

# of entrances to construction site

Ratio of entrances controlled with a worker or guard to total number of entrances

On a scale of 1 (extremely dirty) to 10 (extremely clean), rating of site cleanliness

# of warning signs and posters on site

% of total construction workers agreeing not to smoke on-site or near the school

Regular site visit

Walk the perimeter of the construction site

Walk the total area of the construction site to make observations

Monthly Construction Coordinator and Construction Oversight Committee

LACK OF HYGIENE AND

FIRST AID CAN BE

DETRIMENTAL TO

INJURED OR SICK

WORKERS

A first aid kit is on-site and accessible with at least one person always on site that is trained in its use and basic first aid

Drinking water and sanitary facilities are provided (or are easily accessible from the site), including hand-washing stations

Ensure availability of treatment for construction

# of FULL (not empty or lacking) first aid kits on site

# of personnel trained in first aid and first aid kit use

Yes or No access to drinking water and sanitary facilities with handwashing

Site visit

Review any incidences of workers needing to be vaccinated against tetanus

Monthly check up of first aid kit

Quarterly check on first aid training, accessibility of hygienic facilities, and vaccination

Construction Coordinator and Construction

OR POTENTIAL

ADVERSE IMPACTS

ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE MITIGATION

MEASURE(S) [ADAPTED FROM SEED IEE

CONDITIONS]

MONITORING

INDICATOR(S)

MONITORING

METHOD

MONITORING

AND REPORTING

FREQUENCY

RESPONSIBLE

PARTIES &

ESTIMATED

COSTS

workers that receive puncture wounds on site regarding access to a tetanus vaccination. Treatment should be given within 24hrs after exposure stations

% of workers with receiving tetanus vaccinations record (whenever new workers are hired)

INHALATION OF

PARTICULATE MATTER

CAN CAUSE UPPER

RESPIRATORY

INFECTIONS AND

BREATHING PROBLEMS

Limit total hours spent running heavy machinery and diesel engines that create soot

Provide masks capable of filtering out particulate matter of 10 microns to any operator of machinery producing soot or workers debagging cement or workers burning waste

Debag cement at the farthest point from community members and at the warmest time of day (warmer air carries air contaminants higher into the air dispersing the concentration)

Do NOT debag cement or run soot producing machinery when children are nearby

Confined areas where cement debagging, diesel emissions, or emissions from burned waste occur should NOT exceed 150 microns per square meter of 10-micron particulate matter when personnel is in this area WITHOUT appropriate ventilated masks

Burn waste at the warmest part of the day when NO children are nearby at the warmest time of day (warmer air carries air contaminants higher into the air dispersing the concentration)

Existence of protocol for limiting heavy machinery or soot producing equipment

# of hours per week heavy machinery used

# of ventilation masks on site capable of filtering 10 microns of particulate matter

Distance from debagging site to site perimeter

# of incidences of personnel debagging cement WITHOUT appropriate ventilated masks

Average time of day in which cement debagging and waste burning occurs

Review heavy machinery protocols

Review inventory for ventilated masks capable of filtering 10-micron thickness of particulate matter

Scheduled site visits

Interview workers as to use of masks and times of day for operations

Monthly Construction Coordinator and Construction Oversight Committee

INADEQUATE

Hardhats are required whenever flying debris may be generated (as in demolition) or there is a risk of tools

Ratio of hardhats available to employed workers

Review personal protection

Monthly review of inventory

OR POTENTIAL

ADVERSE IMPACTS

ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE MITIGATION

MEASURE(S) [ADAPTED FROM SEED IEE

CONDITIONS]

MONITORING

INDICATOR(S)

MONITORING

METHOD

MONITORING

AND REPORTING

FREQUENCY

RESPONSIBLE

PARTIES &

ESTIMATED

COSTS

PERSONAL

PROTECTION

EQUIPMENT (PPE) CAN

LEAD TO SERIOUS

INJURIES AMONG

WORKERS

or objects falling from heat height or higher

Protective / enclosed footwear (not footwear where toes or parts of the foot are visible AND must have thick soles) are to be worn at all times

Hard-toe boots are to be used by all workers engaged in excavation, demolition, or working around heavy equipment

Respiratory protection must be used when: 1) mixing cement or polishing or cutting concrete or stone (2-strap N95 dust mask or better), 2) a worker desires the use of them (2-strap N95 dust mask or better), and 3) activated-carbon half-mask respirator when using solvents

Hearing protection is mandatory for all workers using powered tools or working in close proximity to these operations

Safety glasses are to be used by all workers engaged in demolition, grinding, cutting, or using power tools, or working in close proximity to these operations

Reflective vests are mandatory for all individuals working in proximity to heavy equipment and during demolition

# of incidences of workers NOT using protective / enclosed footwear on site

Ratio of hard-toe boots to workers involved in excavation, demolition, or working with heavy equipment

Ratio of respiratory protection masks to workers involved in cement debagging, heavy machinery use, solvent use, waste burning, or other activities with chemical emissions

Ratio of hearing protection available to workers involved in using powered tools or in close proximity to such operations

Ratio of safety glass to workers involved in demolition, grinding, cutting, or using power tools or in close proximity equipment inventory

Spot check site visits

Interviews with workers and construction manager

Fortnightly site visits and interviews

OR POTENTIAL

ADVERSE IMPACTS

ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE MITIGATION

MEASURE(S) [ADAPTED FROM SEED IEE

CONDITIONS]

MONITORING

INDICATOR(S)

MONITORING

METHOD

MONITORING

AND REPORTING

FREQUENCY

RESPONSIBLE

PARTIES &

ESTIMATED

COSTS

to these operations

Ratio of reflective vests to workers in proximity to heavy equipment or involved in demolition

LACK OF PROPER

SCAFFOLDING AND

FALL PROTECTION CAN

LEAD TO SERIOUS

INJURY AMONG

WORKERS

Scaffolding must be able to carry at LEAST 4 times its maximum intended load without settling or displacement

Scaffolding must be on solid footing (footing may NOT be boxes, loose bricks or stones, etc.)

Scaffolding has guardrails, midrails, and toeboards Scaffolding inspected EACH DAY by a site manager

Guardrails or at least ropes near the edge of floors and roofs where a drop is greater than 2m (if not possible, workers must wear a body harness and rope) – manager MUST document results of inspection

Trenches are to: 1) have backfill maintained at least 1m back from the trench edge, 2) shore or slope back the trench wall for ANY trench 1.75m or deeper, and

3) provide a means of exit (ladder, stair, ramp) at least every 10m

% of structurally stable scaffolding

% of scaffolding with guardrails, midrails, and toeboards

% of total days of workers on site where a manager inspected scaffolding

# of trenches NOT in compliance with trench safety measures

Scheduled site visits

Review of manager scaffolding documentation inspection of scaffolding and scaffolding documentation

Construction Manager together with Coordinator

POORLY MANAGED

TRENCHES, PITS, AND

QUARRIES CAN LEAD TO

SERIOUS INJURY OF

All backfill maintained at least 1m back from the trench edge

Shore or slope back the trench or pit wall for ANY excavated area 1.75m or deeper

# of incidences where backfill is NOT at least 1m back from the edge of a trench or pit, where trench or pit walls are NOT

Spot checks

Fortnightly visits and checks

Construction Manager together with

OR POTENTIAL

ADVERSE IMPACTS

ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE MITIGATION

MEASURE(S) [ADAPTED FROM SEED IEE

CONDITIONS]

MONITORING

INDICATOR(S)

MONITORING

METHOD

MONITORING

AND REPORTING

FREQUENCY

RESPONSIBLE

PARTIES &

ESTIMATED

COSTS

WORKERS

Provide a means of exit (ladder, stair, ramp) at least every 10m for any excavated area shored up or sloped back, or where a means of escape is not available for deep excavated areas

THE USE OF LEAD PAINT

OR ASBESTOS CAN LEAD

TO SERIOUS HEALTH

RISKS

Neither leaded paint nor asbestos in any form is to be used in new construction

# of incidences of leaded paint or asbestos observed on site

Scheduled site visits

Spot check cans of paint purchased by contractor for containing lead

Interviews with

Spot check paint cans whenever possible on site

Quarterly

Construction Manager

Damage to local habitat, compact soil, and create erosion via building and occupation of construction camps

Appropriate housing SHOULD be available in the community for workers to avoid construction worker camps

IF a construction worker camp is required:

Set a site management plan to reduce negative impacts on the host community entailing security concerns, public health issues, speeding vehicles, waste disposal, energy sourcing, and illegal extraction of natural resources

Keep camp size to a minimum. Require that crew preserve as much vegetation as possible, e.g., by creating defined footpaths

Provide temporary sanitation on site, e.g., pit latrine

Existence of a site management plan

# of incidences of complaints made to or by the Construction Oversight Committee (a group of community members plus the contractor and the IP)

Area of camp

Area of denuded vegetation

Walking the site

Review complaints made to or by the Construction Oversight Committee

Review documentation showing that camp workers have been sensitized on HIV/AIDS and

Fortnightly review of complaints

Monthly inspections

Construction Manager

OR POTENTIAL

ADVERSE IMPACTS

ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE MITIGATION

MEASURE(S) [ADAPTED FROM SEED IEE

CONDITIONS]

MONITORING

INDICATOR(S)

MONITORING

METHOD

MONITORING

AND REPORTING

FREQUENCY

RESPONSIBLE

PARTIES &

ESTIMATED

COSTS

(assuming the water table is low enough, with soil and geology of appropriate composition)

Use local or regional labor, if possible. Request a government health office, a USAID health partner, or other partner organization to sensitize workers as to the symptoms and transmission paths of HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis

Set guidelines prohibiting poaching and collection of plants/wood with meaningful consequences for violation such as termination of employment. Provide adequate quantities of food and cooking fuel; both should be of good quality

All temporary structures MUST be demolished and completely removed once construction activities have ceased

# of latrines constructed

% of latrines constructed and managed as in Section

3.1.2 of this EMMP

Ratio of local labor to total workers employed

% of workers sensitized about HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis

# of incidences of construction workers found to be poaching or illegally collecting plants/wood

% of days in which food and cooking fuel is provided to camp residents (if the contractor provides these items)

% of camp structures remaining when construction is complete tuberculosis symptoms and transmission paths

Improper waste management can be a health hazard to

Receive either a waste handling license from the EAD Director or the District Council to destroy or transport construction waste or a waiver from the

Existence of waste handling license or waiver from the EAD Director or the

Scheduled site visits

Spot checks

Fortnightly inspections and interviews

Construction Manager and

OR POTENTIAL

ADVERSE IMPACTS

ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE MITIGATION

MEASURE(S) [ADAPTED FROM SEED IEE

CONDITIONS]

MONITORING

INDICATOR(S)

MONITORING

METHOD

MONITORING

AND REPORTING

FREQUENCY

RESPONSIBLE

PARTIES &

ESTIMATED

COSTS

workers, the community, and to the environment

EAD Director or the District Council

Set waste management protocols consistent with community and government approved methods

All personnel must be trained in waste management protocol

Minimize number and size of open burn pits

Encircle waste pits with visible warning tape

Separate hazardous waste, reusable waste, and waste designated to be burned from one-another in separate bins or designated waste areas

All personnel handling waste must wear appropriate personal protection equipment (i.e. enclosed footwear, gloves, etc.)

Do NOT leave waste in an open pit overnight, it must be disposed of each day

Do NOT use supplemental fuel to burn waste

Organize collecting bins that separate reusable waste from non-reusable waste

Facilitate separation at the disposal site to improve probability of reuse existence of a letter of approval from the District Council

Existence of waste management protocols

# of incidences where waste management protocols were NOT followed

% of personnel trained in waste management

% of waste pits encircled with warning tape

# of bins / locations designated to separate types of waste

# of incidences of personnel NOT wearing appropriate personal protection equipment when handling waste

# of incidences where waste is found in an open

Review of waste management protocols, training materials, and attendance logs

Inspection of designated waste areas

Interviews with construction manager and workers

Quarterly review of documentation

OR POTENTIAL

ADVERSE IMPACTS

ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE MITIGATION

MEASURE(S) [ADAPTED FROM SEED IEE

CONDITIONS]

MONITORING

INDICATOR(S)

MONITORING

METHOD

MONITORING

AND REPORTING

FREQUENCY

RESPONSIBLE

PARTIES &

ESTIMATED

COSTS

pit at the beginning of work

# of incidences where fuel was used to burn waste

# of bins designated for reusable waste

Improper management of hazardous waste (oils, petrol/gasoline, kerosene, solvents, chemicals, lead acid, etc.) can lead to environmental degradation and be a health risk to workers and beneficiaries

Set protocols for managing / handling hazardous waste

Train workers involved in hazardous waste management in site-specific protocols

Manage hazardous wastes from creation to segregation to safe handling to disposal and to reduction

Designate a safe and lockable location on site to store hazardous materials away from flammable materials or equipment

Safely remove hazardous material and dispose of it at government approved locations

As stockpiles can spontaneously combust, reuse or retread or sell tire waste to remove from site

Existence of protocols for managing / handling hazardous waste

% of workers trained in hazardous waste protocols

# of methods used to safely store hazardous waste

# of times hazardous materials disposed of in government approved locations

Site visit

Review of documentation

Interviews with construction manager and workers

Monthly Construction Coordinator

Improper management of construction waste (old construction materials, logs, Construction waste must NOT be stored or allowed to migrate off site

Construction waste must be separated from other

Approximate weight of construction waste found off-site

Site visit

Estimation of amounts of

Monthly

At end of construction

Construction Coordinator and oversight

OR POTENTIAL

ADVERSE IMPACTS

ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE MITIGATION

MEASURE(S) [ADAPTED FROM SEED IEE

CONDITIONS]

MONITORING

INDICATOR(S)

MONITORING

METHOD

MONITORING

AND REPORTING

FREQUENCY

RESPONSIBLE

PARTIES &

ESTIMATED

COSTS

debris, etc.) can lead to environmental degradation and be a health risk to workers and beneficiaries wastes in a designated and secure location on site

De-construct instead of demolishing / destroying construction waste to more easily separate materials for disposal or reuse

Do NOT mix construction waste with soils

No construction waste can be left on site when construction is completed

% of non-construction waste mixed in with construction waste

Approximate weight of construction waste de-constructed

Approximate weight of construction waste left on site once construction is completed construction waste on and off site committee

Improperly designed laboratories that contain hazardous liquids and materials may allow for the degradation of the environment and present a health risk to beneficiaries

Security measures must be taken in establishing a storage unit to safeguard chemicals and combustibles

Protocols for handling hazardous liquids and materials and for emergency situations must be securely affixed in the laboratory

Fire prevention techniques must be incorporated into the design and operation of the laboratory

Existence of protocols affixed in the laboratory for handling hazardous liquids and materials and preventing and resolving emergency situations

# of chemical storage units in laboratories WITHOUT a locking mechanism

# of fire prevention techniques implemented in the laboratory

Site visit

Review of protocols

Inspection of laboratory storage unit

Quarterly Construction

2.1.4 EMMP TABLE FOR MALAWI SEED – XXX SITE – WATER SANITATION AND HEALTH ACTIVITIES

Risks or Potential Adverse Impacts

Environment and Climate Mitigation Measure(s) [adapted from SEED IEE Conditions]

Monitoring Indicator(s) Monitoring Method

Monitoring and Reporting Frequency

Responsible Parties & Estimated Costs

Poor latrine construction / management can lead to increased vectors for diseases

Ensure latrines, wastewater collection, and sewage systems are designed and constructed to WHO and national standards

Use the ventilated improved pit latrine design that traps insect vectors or convert pit latrines to this design when in use on site

Gather data on soil type, slope and topography to determine the potential for significant erosion

Train designated workers and community members on proper use and maintenance of latrines to avoid spills, leaks, and exposure

Devote adequate attention to identifying and addressing social barriers to using latrine

Raise awareness among community members on proper maintenance and cleaning of latrines and on hand washing with soap after using a latrine in line with WHO guidelines

# of latrines, that do NOT meet WHO and national standards

% of latrines that are ventilated improved pit latrines

# of pit latrines constructed on construction sites

# of workers and community members trained in latrine maintenance

# of reports of waste being applied to agricultural fields

# of incidences of reported open defecation near latrines and sanitation facilities

# of community members sensitized as to proper maintenance and cleaning of latrines and handwashing techniques

Inspections of latrines and the site around the latrines

Assessment of the management of latrines

Interviews with workers as to latrine use practices and trainings received

Review documentation of training records inspections

Monthly assessments

Quarterly document review and monitoring for FOUR quarters post-construction (either by government counterparts, coordinated efforts with other USAID partners, or IP contracted monitors) manager and Coordinator

School Management Committee (I[P to work with them)

Changing climate, extreme weather events, and natural disasters can degrade or destroy

Latrine design MUST account for a changing climate, chances of severe weather, and natural disasters

Water supply design MUST account for a changing climate, chances of severe weather, and natural disasters

A completed and engineer approved construction design for latrines and water supply points that address the potential for severe weather and natural

Receipt of draft design

Receipt of final

Risks or Potential Adverse Impacts

Environment and Climate Mitigation Measure(s) [adapted from SEED IEE Conditions]

Monitoring Indicator(s) Monitoring Method

Monitoring and Reporting Frequency

Responsible Parties & Estimated Costs improperly constructed latrines and water sources that would lead to increased health risks disasters

Poor latrine accessibility/ availability can lead pupils to defecate outdoors, to not practice good hygiene, or to not attend school

WHO recommends no more than 25 pupils per latrine

The Government of Malawi allows for a maximum of 60 pupils per latrine IF separate urinals are accessible

As the activity is targets improving education accessibility for adolescent girls and Malawian schools are often overcrowded beyond the planned pupil population, it is recommended a ratio of 20 and 10 female pupils per latrine WITH and WITHOUT urinals, respectively.

# of male and female latrines, separated

# of male and female urinals, separated

Latrine construction documentation review

Count latrines on site

Quarterly

Poor water supply construction/ management can lead to drinking water contamination and health risks to beneficiaries

Obtain a water abstraction Community Activity license from the National Water Resources Authority before water point construction

Set use and maintenance protocols for constructed water points

Provide community awareness to instruct on proper usage and maintenance in collaboration with the School Management Committee

Do NOT allow domesticated animals within 10 meters of drinking water sources

Do NOT allow stagnant water puddles (> 1 liter) within near the water source

Existence of valid license for water abstraction

Existence of use and maintenance protocols

# of community members trained in use and maintenance of the constructed water source

Area around water source secured from animals

# of stagnant water puddles (> than a liter) due to animals within 10 meters of

Receive copy of valid water abstraction license

Review documentation on protocols and trainings

Site visits to inspect water source

When license is submitted

Fortnightly inspection of water source

Quarterly review of documentation and monitoring for FOUR quarters post-construction (government counterparts, coordinated efforts with other USAID partners, or IP contracted

Construction manager together with Coordinator

School Management Committee (with IP guidance)

Risks or Potential Adverse Impacts

Environment and Climate Mitigation Measure(s) [adapted from SEED IEE Conditions]

Monitoring Indicator(s) Monitoring Method

Monitoring and Reporting Frequency

Responsible Parties & Estimated Costs a activity structure

Poor water supply accessibility/ availability can lead to pupils and staff drinking contaminated waters

Ensure WHO recommendations for any water supply built by Implementing Partner are followed: 5 liters of drinking water available per day for each pupil and school staff member1

Determine sustainable withdrawal rates of water resources

Monitor water levels in well boreholes, catchments, or impoundment structures to detect overdrawing

Develop a Water Quality Assurance Plan (WQAP)2 per USAID guidance

Ensure appropriate WQAP monitoring, as this is the responsibility of the IP, occurs throughout the life of the activity either via government counterparts, coordinated efforts with other USAID partners, or IP contracted monitors

Ensure safe levels of arsenic, fluoride, nitrate, and other contaminants as well as the absence of fecal coliform, all per WHO and Malawian government standards

Pump rate (liters per minute)

Water supply regeneration rate (liters per day)

Existence of a WQAP

Select a government approved water testing laboratory to send water samples to

# of incidences where the WQAP was NOT adhered to

# of water quality tests (for each chemical or biological category listed in the WQAP) that VIOLATE WHO’s or the Government of Malawi’s standards

# of water quality tests (for each chemical or biological category listed in the WQAP) that are worse than the initial baseline water quality test

Scheduled pump rate testing

Scheduled multi-day water supply regeneration rate testing

Review WQAP

Review monitoring documentation

Verify the selected water laboratory’s certification

Inspect each water quality testing procedures over the course of the activity

Quarterly checks of the adherence to the WQAP and site inspections and monitoring for FOUR quarters post-construction (government counterparts, coordinated efforts with other USAID partners, or IP contracted monitors)

1 http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/wash_standards_school.pdf 2 http://www.usaidgems.org/wqap.htm http://www.usaidgems.org/wqap.htm http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/wash_standards_school.pdf http://www.usaidgems.org/wqap.htm

Risks or Potential Adverse Impacts

Environment and Climate Mitigation Measure(s) [adapted from SEED IEE Conditions]

Monitoring Indicator(s) Monitoring Method

Monitoring and Reporting Frequency

Responsible Parties & Estimated Costs

Poor hand-washing accessibility/ availability can lead to unhygienic practices and to the spread of fecal-oral diseases

Hand-washing station must be within 1.5m of latrine exit

Cleansing material (soap, ash, etc.) must be readily accessible and securely connected to hand-washing station to allow for use but prevent thievery

# of incidences where the hand-washing station is NOT within 1.5m of latrine exit

% of handwashing stations WITHOUT secure cleansing material available

Site visit Monthly

Quarterly maintenance checks for FOUR quarters post-construction

Implementing Partner and the School Management Committee

Poor maintenance of soakaway pits can lead to more standing water, contamination of topsoils, and health risk to beneficiaries

Monitor and keep drains and soakaways clear of debris

In areas that continuously have drainage issues, create soakaways or cover with gravel to reduce stagnant water surface area available for disease vectors

Use riprap (cobbled stone), gravel or concrete as needed to prevent erosion of drainage structures

% of soakaways NOT clear of debris or NOT properly maintained

Site visits Monthly

Quarterly maintenance checks for FOUR quarters post-construction (government counterparts, coordinated efforts with other USAID partners, or IP contracted monitors)

Implementing Partner and the School Management Committee

Lack of erosion controls around

WASH

Infrastructure may lead to soil, vegetation, and infrastructure degradation

Implem…