2022 Supplement to the VDOT 2020 Road and Bridge Specifications.pdf

2022 Supplement to the

VDOT 2020

Road and Bridge

Specifications

This volume contains all revisions to the 2020 Road and Bridge Specifications effective December 31, 2021.

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

SECTION 101 – DEFINITIONS OF ABBREVIATIONS, ACRONYMS, AND

TERMS

SECTION 105 – CONTROL OF WORK

SECTION 107 – LEGAL RESPONSIBILITIES

SECTION 200 – GENERAL

SECTION 202—FINE AGGREGATE

SECTION 203 – COARSE AGGREGATE

SECTION 204 – STONE FOR MASONRY, RIPRAP, POROUS BACKFILL,

AND GABIONS

SECTION 206 – LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATE

SECTION 210 – ASPHALT MATERIALS

SECTION 211 – ASPHALT CONCRETE

SECTION 217 – HYDRAULIC CEMENT CONCRETE

SECTION 223 – STEEL REINFORCEMENT

SECTION 226 – STRUCTURAL STEEL

SECTION 237 – STRUCTURE BEDDING MATERIAL AND BEARING PADS

SECTION 245 – GEOSYNTHETICS AND LOW PERMEABILITY LINERS

SECTION 305 – SUBGRADE AND SHOULDERS

SECTION 315 – ASPHALT CONCRETE PLACEMENT

SECTION 316 – HYDRAULIC CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENT

SECTION 319 – THIN HOT MIX ASPHALT CONCRETE OVERLAY

SECTION 320 – BM-25.0D WITH INCREASED ASPHALT CONTENT

SECTION 321 – TRENCH WIDENING

SECTION 322 – ASPHALT SURFACE PREPARATION AND OVERLAY

SECTION 323 – ASPHALT PATCHING OF EXISTING FLEXIBLE AND RIGID

PAVEMENT AND SHOULDERS

SECTION 401—STRUCTURE EXCAVATION

SECTION 405 – PRESTRESSED CONCRETE

SECTION 406 – REINFORCING STEEL

SECTION 407 – STEEL AND OTHER METAL STRUCTURES

SECTION 410—RAILINGS AND PARAPETS

SECTION 412 – WIDENING, REPAIRING, AND RECONSTRUCTING

EXISTING STRUCTURES

SECTION 520 – WATER AND SANITARY SEWER FACILITIES

SECTION 700 – GENERAL

SECTION 701 – TRAFFIC SIGNS

SECTION 101 – DEFINITIONS OF ABBREVIATIONS, ACRONYMS, AND

TERMS

SS101-002020-01 March 24, 2020

SECTION 101 – DEFINITIONS OF ABBREVIATIONS, ACRONYMS, AND

TERMS is amended as follows:

Section 101.01 – Abbreviations and Acronyms is amended to include the following:

ATSSA American Traffic Safety Service Association ITS Intelligent Transportation Systems MASH Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware NFPA National Fire Protection Association NTPEP National Transportation Product Evaluation Program VAC Virginia Administrative Code, when referencing a legal code

Section 101.01 – Abbreviations and Acronyms is amended to replace the following abbreviations:

VAC Volts Alternating Current when used to define an amount of electrical potential.

Section 101.02 – Terms is amended by inserting the below terms and definitions:

Internet. The electronic communications network that connects computer networks and organizational computer facilities around the world.

Match-Cure. A process where concrete test specimens are cured at the same temperature as the product by monitoring the concrete temperature in both the product and the test specimens and applying heat to the test specimens to match the temperature of the concrete.

SECTION 105 – CONTROL OF WORK

SS105-002020-01 August 13, 2019

SECTION 105 – CONTROL OF WORK is amended as follows:

Section 105.10(b) – Plans is replaced with the following:

Plans will be furnished to the Contractor electronically without charge.

Plan revisions issued while the project is under construction will be furnished to the Contractor electronically.

The Contractor shall keep one complete set of plans, standard drawings, Contract assemblies, and Specifications available on the project at all times.

For maintenance projects, certain sign projects, and other projects having no field office or on which the Contractor has no office, the Contractor shall keep one complete set of plans, Contract assemblies, and Specifications with him while prosecuting the Work. In the event items of Work are required as per the Standard Drawings, the Contractor shall also keep the appropriate

Standard Drawings on the project during the performance of that work.

Plans consisting of general drawings and showing such details as are necessary to give a comprehensive understanding of the work specified will be furnished by the Department. Except as otherwise shown on the plans, dimensions shown on the Plans are measured in the respective horizontal or vertical planes. Dimensions that are affected by gradients or vertical curvatures shall be adjusted as necessary by the Contractor to accommodate actual field conditions and shall be specifically denoted as “field adjusted” on the Working Drawings. Failure on the part of the Contractor to so denote field adjustments on the Working Drawings shall not relieve the Contractor of the responsibility to accommodate and incorporate such existing conditions into the finished work.

Section 105.14(a)3 Flagging Traffic is replaced with the following:

Flagging Traffic: Flaggers shall be able to communicate to the traveling public in English while performing the job duty as a flagger at the flagger station.

Certification for flaggers will be awarded upon a candidate’s satisfactory completion of an examination. Proof of certification shall be carried by flaggers while performing flagging duties. Flaggers found not to be in possession of their certification card shall be removed from the flagging site and operations requiring flagging will be suspended by the Engineer until a certified flagger is on-site to perform flagging duties in accordance with the requirements herein. Flaggers performing duties improperly will have their certifications revoked.

SECTION 107 – LEGAL RESPONSIBILITIES

SS107-002020-01 October 2, 2020

SECTION 107 – LEGAL RESPONSIBILITIES is amended as follows:

Section 107.14 – Equal Employment Opportunity is replaced with the

The Contractor shall comply with the applicable provisions of presidential executive orders and the rules, regulations, and orders of the President’s Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity.

The Contractor shall maintain the following records and reports as required by the Contract EEO provisions:

Record of all applicants for employment

New hires by race, work classification, hourly rate, and date employed

Minority and non-minority employees employed in each work classification

Changes in work classifications

Employees enrolled in approved training programs and the status of each

Minority subcontractor or subcontractors with meaningful minority group representation

Copies of Form C-57 submitted by subcontractors

If the Contract has a stipulation or requirement for trainees, the Contractor shall submit semi-annual training reports in accordance with the instructions shown on the forms furnished by the Department. If the Contractor fails to submit such reports in accordance with the instructions, his monthly progress estimate for payment may be delayed.

The Contractor shall cooperate with the Department in carrying out EEO obligations and in the Department’s review of activities under the Contract.

The Contractor shall comply with the specific EEO requirements specified herein and shall include these requirements in every subcontract of $10,000 or more with such modification of language as may be necessary to make them binding on the subcontractor.

(a) Required contract provisions:

1. Required by §2.2-4201 of the Code of Virginia: During the performance of this Contract, the Contractor agrees as follows:

a. The Contractor shall not discriminate against any employee or applicant for employment because of race, religion, color, sex, or national origin, except where religion, sex, or national origin is a bona fide occupational qualification reasonably necessary to the normal operation of the Contractor. The Contractor agrees to post in conspicuous places, available to employees and applicants for employment, notices setting forth the provisions of this nondiscrimination clause, including the names of all contracting agencies with which the Contractor has contracts of over $10,000.

b. The Contractor shall, in all solicitations or advertisements for employees placed by or on behalf of the Contractor, state that such contractor is an equal opportunity employer. However, notices, advertisements and solicitations placed in accordance with federal law, rule or regulation shall be deemed sufficient for the purpose of meeting the requirements of this chapter.

c. If the Contractor employs more than five employees, the Contractor shall (i) provide annual training on the Contractor's sexual harassment policy to all supervisors and employees providing services in the Commonwealth, except such supervisors or employees that are required to complete sexual harassment training provided by the Department of Human Resource Management, and (ii) post the Contractor's sexual harassment policy in (a) a conspicuous public place in each building located in the Commonwealth that the Contractor owns or leases for business purposes and (b) the Contractor's employee handbook.

The Contractor shall include the provisions of subdivisions a, b, and c in every subcontract or purchase order of over $10,000, so that such provisions shall be binding upon each subcontractor or vendor.

Nothing contained in this chapter shall be deemed to empower any agency to require any contractor to grant preferential treatment to, or discriminate against, any individual or any group because of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin on account of an imbalance that may exist with respect to the total number or percentage of persons of any race, color, religion, sex, or national origin employed by such contractor in comparison with the total number or percentage of persons of such race, color, religion, sex, or national origin in any community or in the Commonwealth.

2. Required by Executive Order 61-2017: The Contractor shall not discriminate, in employment practices, subcontracting practices, and delivery of goods or services, on the basis of race, sex, color, national origin, religion, sexual orientation, gender identity, age, political affiliation, disability, or veteran status. The Contractor shall include this paragraph in every subcontract or purchase order over $10,000, so that the same provisions will be binding upon each subcontractor or vendor providing labor or materials to the Project.

(b) EEO Officer: The Contractor shall designate and make known to the Department an EEO Officer who can effectively administer and promote an active Contractor EEO program and who shall be assigned adequate authority and responsibility to do so.

(c) Dissemination of Policy:

1. Members of the Contractor’s staff who are authorized to hire, supervise, promote, and discharge employees or recommend such action or are substantially involved in such action shall be made fully aware of and shall implement the Contractor’s EEO policy and contractual responsibilities to provide equal employment opportunity in each grade and classification of employment. The following actions shall be taken as a minimum:

a. Periodic meetings of supervisory and personnel office employees shall be conducted before the start of work and at least once every 6 months thereafter, at which time the Contractor’s EEO policy and its implementation shall be reviewed and explained. The meetings shall be conducted by the EEO Officer or another knowledgeable company official.

b. New supervisory or personnel office employees shall be given a thorough indoctrination by the EEO Officer or another knowledgeable company official covering all major aspects of the Contractor’s EEO obligations within 30 days following their reporting for duty with the Contractor.

c. The EEO Officer or appropriate company official shall instruct employees engaged in the direct recruitment of employees for the project relative to the methods followed by the Contractor in locating and hiring minority group employees.

2. In order to make the Contractor’s EEO policy known to all employees, prospective employees, and potential sources of employees such as, but not limited to, schools, employment agencies, labor unions where appropriate, and college placement officers, the Contractor shall take the following actions:

a. Notices and posters setting forth the Contractor’s EEO policy shall be placed in areas readily accessible to employees, applicants for employment, and potential employees.

The Contractor shall furnish, erect, and maintain at least two bulletin boards having dimensions of at least 48 inches in width and 36 inches in height at locations readily accessible to all personnel concerned with the project. The boards shall be erected immediately upon initiation of the Contract work and shall be maintained until the completion of such work, at which time they shall be removed from the project. Each bulletin board shall be equipped with a removable glass or plastic cover that, when in place, will protect posters from weather or damage. The Contractor shall promptly post official notices on the bulletin boards. The costs for such work shall be included in the price bid for other Contract items.

b. The Contractor’s EEO policy and the procedures to implement such policy shall be brought to the attention of employees by means of meetings, employee handbooks, or other appropriate means.

(d) Recruitment:

1. Advertisements for employment shall conform to Section 107.14(a)1.

2. Unless precluded by a valid bargaining agreement, the Contractor shall conduct systematic and direct recruitment through public and private employee referral sources likely to yield qualified minority group applicants, including, but not limited to, state employment agencies, schools, colleges, and minority group organizations. The Contractor shall identify sources of potential minority group employees and shall establish procedures with such sources whereby minority group applicants may be referred to him for employment consideration.

3. The Contractor shall encourage his employees to refer minority group applicants for employment by posting appropriate notices or bulletins in areas accessible to all employees. In addition, information and procedures with regard to referring minority group applicants shall be discussed with employees.

(e) Personnel Actions: Wages, working conditions, and employee benefits shall be established and administered, and personnel action of any type shall be taken without regard to race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

1. The Contractor shall conduct periodic inspections of project sites to ensure that working conditions and employee facilities do not indicate discriminatory treatment of personnel.

2. The Contractor shall periodically evaluate the spread of wages paid within each classification to determine whether there is evidence of discriminatory wage practices.

3. The Contractor shall periodically review selected personnel actions in depth to determine whether there is evidence of discrimination.

Where evidence is found, the Contractor shall promptly take corrective action. If the review indicates that the discrimination may extend beyond the actions reviewed, corrective action shall include all affected persons.

4. The Contractor shall investigate all complaints of alleged discrimination made to him in connection with obligations under the Contract, attempt to resolve such complaints, and take appropriate corrective action. If the investigation indicates that the discrimination may affect persons other than the complainant, corrective action shall include those persons. Upon completion of each investigation, the Contractor shall inform every complainant of all avenues of appeal.

(f) Training:

1. The Contractor shall assist in locating, qualifying, and increasing the skills of minority group and women employees and applicants for employment.

2. Consistent with work force requirements and as permissible under federal and state regulations, the Contractor shall make full use of training programs, i.e., apprenticeship and on the job training programs for the geographical area of Contract performance. Where feasible, 25 percent of apprentices or trainees in each occupation shall be in their first year of apprenticeship or training.

3. The Contractor shall advise employees and applicants for employment of available training programs and the entrance requirements for each.

4. The Contractor shall periodically review the training and promotion potential of minority group employees and shall encourage eligible employees to apply for such training and promotion.

5. If the Contract provides a pay item for trainees, training shall be in accordance with Section 518.

(g) Unions: If the Contractor relies in whole or in part on unions as a source of employees, best efforts shall be made to obtain the cooperation of such unions to increase opportunities for minority groups and women in the unions and to effect referrals by such unions of minority and women employees. Actions by the Contractor, either directly or through his Contractor’s Association acting as agent, shall include the following procedures:

1. In cooperation with the unions, best efforts shall be used to develop joint training programs aimed toward qualifying more minority group members and women for membership in the unions and to increase the skills of minority group employees and women so that they may qualify for higher-paying employment.

2. Best efforts shall be used to incorporate an EEO clause into union agreements to the end that unions shall be contractually bound to refer applicants without regard to race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

3. Information shall be obtained concerning referral practices and policies of the labor union except that to the extent the information is within the exclusive possession of the union. If the labor union refuses to furnish the information to the Contractor, the Contractor shall so certify to the Department and shall set forth what efforts he made to obtain the information.

4. If a union is unable to provide the Contractor with a reasonable flow of minority and women referrals within the time limit set forth in the union agreement, the Contractor shall, through his recruitment procedures, fill the employment vacancies without regard to race, color, religion, sex, or national origin, making full efforts to obtain qualified or qualifiable minority group persons and women. If union referral practice prevents the Contractor from complying with the EEO requirements, the Contractor shall immediately notify the Department.

(h) Subcontracting: The Contractor shall use best efforts to use minority group subcontractors or subcontractors with meaningful minority group and female representation among their employees. Contractors shall obtain lists of SWaM and DBE construction firms from the Department. If SWaM and DBE goals are established in the proposal, the Contractor shall comply with Section 107.15.

The Contractor shall use best efforts to ensure subcontractor compliance with his EEO obligations.

(i) Records and Reports: The Contractor shall keep such records as are necessary to determine compliance with his EEO obligations. The records shall be designed to indicate the following:

1. the number of minority and nonminority group members and females employed in each work classification on the project.

2. the progress and efforts being made in cooperation with unions to increase employment opportunities for minorities and females if unions are used as a source of the work force.

3. the progress and efforts being made in locating, hiring, training, qualifying, and upgrading minority and female employees.

4. the progress and efforts being made in securing the services of minority group subcontractors or subcontractors with meaningful minority group and female representation among their employees.

Records shall be retained for a period of 3 years following the Completion Date of the Contract work and shall be available at reasonable times and places for inspection by authorized representatives of the Department.

Each month for the first three months after construction begins and every month of July thereafter for the duration of the project, Form C-57 shall be completed to indicate the number of minority, nonminority, and female employees currently engaged in each work classification shown on the form. The completed Form C-57 shall be submitted within 3 weeks after the reporting period. Failure to do so may result in delay of approval of the Contractor’s monthly progress estimate for payment.

SECTION 200 – GENERAL

SS200-002020-03 August 25, 2020

SECTION 200 – GENERAL is amended as follows:

Section 200.04 – Acceptance Procedures for Aggregates is amended to replace the fourth paragraph with the following:

The No. 10 sieve shall be the dividing sieve for soils, select material, aggregate subbase material, and aggregate base material. The No. 8 sieve shall be the dividing sieve for asphalt concrete aggregates. That portion of the total aggregate retained on the sieves is defined as coarse aggregate, and that portion passing the sieves is defined as fine aggregate. Soundness tests will be performed according to the requirements of AASHTO T 104 without regard to these definitions of fine and coarse aggregate. Fine and coarse aggregates for hydraulic cement concrete are distinguishable by their conformity to the series of grading requirements specified in Sections 202 and 203, respectively, except that lightweight aggregate is specified in

Section 206.

Section 200.06 – Technician and Batcher Certification is renamed

Technician Certification is amended to replace the first paragraph with the following:

When the Contract requires a type of technician defined by this Section, the

Contractor shall use a person certified by the Department. The Department will either certify technicians upon a candidate’s satisfactory completion of an examination or recognize third-party certifications as described herein. The

Contractor shall ensure their technician is able to prove their certification status upon demand.

Section 200.06(e) – Concrete Batcher is deleted.

Section 200.06(h) – Concrete Field Technician is replaced with the following:

Concrete Field Technician: A Concrete Field Technician provides quality control of placement operations for hydraulic cement concrete in accordance with applicable requirements. The Department will recognize ACI Concrete Field Testing Technician Grade I, Washington Area Council of Engineering Laboratories (WACEL) Concrete I, or National Institute for Certification in Engineering Technologies (NICET) Construction Materials Testing Level II for Concrete for this certification.

Section 200.06(j) – Aggregate Properties Technician is deleted.

Section 200.06(m) – Soils and Aggregate Compaction Technician is inserted as follows:

Soils and Aggregate Compaction Technician: A Soils and Aggregate Compaction Technician conducts density, moisture content, and depth checks of soil placement and aggregate lifts during construction, including stabilized lifts. The Technician also monitors application rates of stabilizing chemicals used in soil and aggregate lifts in the field. The Department will recognize NICET Construction Materials Testing Level II for Soils for this certification.

Section 200.06(n) – Cold Asphalt Recycling – Plant Technician is inserted as follows:

Cold Asphalt Recycling – Plant Technician samples Cold In-place Recycling (CIR) or Cold Central Plant Recycling (CCPR) material during production and is capable of conducting any tests necessary to put the CIR equipment and CCPR plant into operation.

Section 200.06(o) – Cold Asphalt Recycling – Field Technician is inserted as

Cold Asphalt Recycling – Field Technician provides quality control testing and inspection of the placement of CIR and CCPR materials.

Section 200.06(p) – Full Depth Reclamation (FDR) Technician is inserted as follows:

Full Depth Reclamation (FDR) Technician provides quality control testing, inspection of the placement of FDR, samples FDR material during production, and is capable of conducting any tests necessary to put the FDR equipment into operation.

SECTION 202—FINE AGGREGATE

SS202-002020-01 September 23, 2019

SECTION 202—FINE AGGREGATE is revised as follows:

Section 202.02 – Materials is amended by inserting the following:

Lightweight aggregate can also be used as a fine aggregate and shall conform to Section 206.

Section 202.03(e) – Deleterious Material is replaced with the following:

Deleterious Material: The amount of deleterious material in sands shall be not more than the following:

Material

% by

Weight

AASHTO

Test Method

Clay lumps 0.25 T 112

Shale, mica, coated grains, soft or flaky particles

1.0 T 113

Organic material 0 T 21

Total material passing No. 200 sieve by washing1,2

T 11 and T 27

For use in concrete subject to abrasion

For other concrete 5 1In the case of stone sand, if the material passing the No. 200 sieve is dust of fracture, essentially free from clay and shale, the percentages shown for use in concrete subject to abrasion and in other concrete may be increased to 5% and 7%, respectively.

2In the case of blends of stone sand and natural sand, provided the natural sand contains no greater than 3% passing the No. 200 sieve for use in concrete subject to abrasion and no greater than 5% for other concrete, then the stone sand limits of 5% and 7% shall apply to the blend.

SECTION 203 – COARSE AGGREGATE

SS203-002020-01 September 19, 2019

SECTION 203 – COARSE AGGREGATE is amended as follows:

Section 203.02 – Materials is amended by replacing the first paragraph with the following:

Coarse aggregate shall consist of crushed stone, crushed slag, crushed or uncrushed gravel, or lightweight aggregate. Coarse aggregate shall be clean, hard, tough, and durable pieces free from: adherent coatings and deleterious amounts of friable, thin, elongated, or laminated pieces; soluble salts; or organic materials.

Section 203.02(e) – Lightweight coarse aggregate is inserted as follows:

Lightweight coarse aggregate shall conform to Section 206.

SECTION 204 – STONE FOR MASONRY, RIPRAP, POROUS BACKFILL, AND

GABIONS

SS204-002020-01 February 22, 2019

SECTION 204 – STONE FOR MASONRY, RIPRAP, POROUS BACKFILL, AND

GABIONS is amended as follows:

Section 204.02(c) – Porous backfill is replaced with the following:

Porous backfill shall be No. 78 or 8 aggregate, at least Grade B. Crushed glass meeting the gradation requirements specified in Section 203.02(d) may be directly substituted for No. 78 and 8 aggregates. Lightweight aggregate conforming to Section 206 for coarse aggregate and meeting the 3/4-inch or

1/2-inch grading in AASHTO M 195 may be directly substituted for No. 78 and 8 aggregates.

SECTION 206 – LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATE

SS206-002020-01 September 23, 2019

SECTION 206 – LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATE is replaced by the following:

206.01 – Description

These specifications cover lightweight aggregate used in the production of hydraulic cement concrete, internally cured concrete using pre-wetted lightweight aggregate, and asphalt surface treatment.

206.02 – Detail Requirements

Lightweight aggregate shall consist of clay, shale, or slate expanded through a sintering or rotary kiln.

The requirements for normal weight aggregate and concrete shall apply to lightweight concrete when a reduced density is specified or when internally-cured concrete (where a portion of the fine aggregate is replaced with pre-wetted lightweight fine aggregate) is specified, except for the following:

(a) Lightweight aggregate used in hydraulic cement concrete shall conform to AASHTO M 195 and the following requirements.

1. Grading: Gradation for fine and coarse aggregates shall conform to

AASHTO M 195. Tests to verify conformance shall be performed in accordance with AASHTO T 27.

2. Soundness: Soundness for fine aggregate shall conform to the freeze and thaw requirements of Table II-2. Soundness for coarse aggregate shall conform to the freeze and thaw requirements of Table II-4.

Soundness shall be tested in accordance with AASHTO T 103.

3. Void Content: Void content requirements for fine aggregate shall not apply to lightweight aggregate.

4. Deleterious Material: The amount of deleterious material in fine aggregate shall conform to Section 202 for stone sand. The amount of deleterious material in coarse aggregate shall conform to Section 203.

5. Abrasion Loss: Abrasion loss for coarse aggregate shall conform to the

Grade A requirements in Table II-5.

6. Flat and Elongated Particles: Coarse aggregate shall conform to

Section 203.

(b) Lightweight aggregate used for asphalt surface treatment shall conform to AASHTO M 195 except that Sections 3, 6, and 8 will not apply. Grading shall conform to Table II-3 except that the maximum percentage by weight of material passing the No. 8 sieve shall be 16% and passing the No. 16 sieve shall be 9%.

SECTION 210 – ASPHALT MATERIALS

SS210-002020-01 May 19, 2020

SECTION 210 – ASPHALT MATERIALS is amended as follows:

Section 210.04(e) – Thin Hot Mix Asphalt Concrete Overlay tack coat is inserted as follows:

Thin Hot Mix Asphalt Concrete Overlay tack coat shall conform to the

Test on Emulsion Method Min Max

Viscosity at 77° F, SSF AASHTO T 59 20 100 Sieve Test1, % AASHTO T 59 — 0.05 24 hour storage stability2, % AASHTO T 59 — 1 Residue from distillation at 400° F3, % AASHTO T 59 63 Oil portion from distillation ml of oil per

100g emulsion

Demulsibility, % 35 ml 0.02 N CaCl2 or 35 ml 0.8% dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate

AASHTO T 59 60

1The sieve test is waived if successful application of the material has been achieved in the field.

2After standing undisturbed for 24 hours, the surface shall show no white, milky colored substance, but shall be a smooth homogeneous color throughout.

3AASHTO T59 with modifications to include a 400° F +/- 10° F maximum temperature to be held for a period of 15 minutes.

Test on Residue From Distillation Method Min Max

Elastic Recovery1, % AASHTO T 301 60 — Penetration @ 77° F, 100 g, 5 sec. dmm. AASHTO T 49 60 150 1With exception that the elongation is 20 cm and the test temperature is 50° F.

SECTION 211 – ASPHALT CONCRETE

SS211-002020-01 August 20, 2020

SECTION 211 – ASPHALT CONCRETE is amended as follows:

Section 211.01 – Description is replaced with the following:

Asphalt concrete shall consist of a combination of mineral aggregate and asphalt material mixed mechanically in a plant specifically designed for such purpose.

An equivalent single-axle load (ESAL) will be established by the Engineer, and SUPERPAVE mix types may be specified as one of the types listed as

Mix Type1

Equivalent Single- Axle Load (ESAL) Range (millions)

Minimum Asphalt Performance Grade (PG)2

Nominal

Maximum

Aggregate Size3

SM-4.75A 0 to 3 64S-16 No. 4

SM-4.75D 3 to 10 64H-16 No. 4

SM-4.75E 3 to 10 64E-22 No. 4

SM-9.0A 0 to 3 64S-16 3/8 in

SM-9.0D 3 to 10 64H-16 3/8 in

SM-9.0E Above 10 64E-22 3/8 in

SM-9.5A 0 to 3 64S-16 3/8 in

SM-9.5D 3 to 10 64H-16 3/8 in

SM-9.5E Above 10 64E-22 3/8 in

SM-12.5A 0 to 3 64S-16 1/2 in

SM-12.5D 3 to 10 64H-16 1/2 in

SM-12.5E Above 10 64E-22 1/2 in

IM-19.0A Less than 10 64S-16 3/4 in

IM-19.0D 10 to 20 64H-16 3/4 in

IM-19.0E 20 and above 64E-22 3/4 in

BM-25.0A All ranges 64S-16 1 in

BM-25.0D Above 10 64H-16 1 in 1SM = Surface Mixture; IM = Intermediate Mixture; BM = Base Mixture

2Minimum Asphalt Performance Grade (PG) is defined as the minimum binder performance grade for the job mixes as determined by AASHTO T170 or

AASHTO M332.

3Nominal Maximum Aggregate Size is defined as one sieve size larger than the first sieve to retain more than 10 percent aggregate.

Asphalt concrete shall conform to the requirements for the mix type designated on the plans or elsewhere in the Contract for use.

At the Contractor’s option, an approved Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) additive or process may be used to produce the asphalt concrete (AC) mix type designated.

Table II-12A – Standard Deviation is renamed Aggregate Properties and is replaced with the following:

TABLE II-12A

Aggregate Properties

Mix Type

Coarse Aggregate Properties Fine Aggregate Properties CAA ASTM D4791

F & E (5:1) % by weight

1 fractured face

2 fractured faces SE FAA

SM-4.75A 40% min 40% min

SM-4.75D 45% min 45% min

SM-4.75E 45% min 45% min

SM-9.0 A 85% min. 80% min. 10% max.1 40% min. 40% min.

SM-9.0 D 85% min. 80% min. 10% max.1 45% min. 45% min.

SM-9.0 E 95% min. 90% min. 10% max.1 45% min. 45% min.

SM-9.5 A 85% min. 80% min. 10% max.1 45% min. 45% min.

SM-9.5 D 85% min. 80% min. 10% max.1 45% min. 45% min.

SM-9.5 E 95% min. 90% min. 10% max.1 45% min. 45% min.

SM-12.5 A 85% min. 80% min. 10% max.1 45% min. 45% min.

SM-12.5 D 85% min. 80% min. 10% max.1 45% min. 45% min.

SM-12.5 E 95% min. 90% min. 10% max.1 45% min. 45% min.

IM-19.0 A 85% min. 80% min. 10% max.1 45% min. 45% min.

IM-19.0 D 95% min. 90% min. 10% max.1 45% min. 45% min.

IM-19.0 E 95% min. 90% min. 10% max.1 45% min. 45% min.

BM-25.0 A 80% min. 75% min. 10% max.1 45% min. 45% min.

BM-25.0 D 80% min. 75% min. 10% max.1 45% min. 45% min.

110 percent measured at 5:1 on maximum to minimum dimensions

Table II-13 – Asphalt Concrete Mixtures: Design Range is replaced with the

TABLE II-13

Asphalt Concrete Mixtures: Design Range

Mix Type

Percentage by Weight Passing Square Mesh Sieves

1 1/2 in

1 in ¾ in ½ in 3/8 in

No. 4 No. 8 No.

No.

No.

No.

SM-4.75

A,D,E

1001 95-

90-

30-

6-13

SM-9.0 A,D,E 1001 90-

max.

47-

2-10

SM-9.5 A,D,E 1001 90-

58-

38-max

2-10

SM-12.5

A,D,E

100 95-max.

58-

34-max

2-10

IM-19.0 A,D,E 100 90-

max.

-- -- 28-

2-8

BM-25.0 A,D 100 90-

max.

-- -- -- 19-

1-7

C (Curb Mix) 100 92-

70-

50-

28-36 15-20 7-9

1A production tolerance of 1% will be applied to this sieve regardless of the number of tests in the lot.

Table II-14 – Mix Design Criteria is replaced with the following:

TABLE II-14

Mix Design Criteria

Mix Type

VTM (%)

Production

VFA

Design

VFA (%)

Production

Min.

VMA

Fines/Asphalt Ratio

No. of Gyrations N Design

SM4.75A 2, 4 3.0-6.0 70-75 70-80 16.5 1.0-2.0 50

SM4.75D 2, 4 3.0-6.0 70-75 70-80 16.5 1.0-2.0 50

SM4.75E 2, 4 3.0-6.0 70-75 70-80 16.5 1.0-2.0 50

SM-9.0A 1,2 2.0-5.0 75-80 70-85 17.0 0.6-1.3 50

SM-9.0D 1,2 2.0-5.0 75-80 70-85 17.0 0.6-1.3 50

SM-9.0E 1,2 2.0-5.0 75-80 70-85 17.0 0.6-1.3 50

SM-9.5A 1,2 2.0-5.0 75-80 70-85 16.0 0.7-1.3 50

SM-9.5D 1,2 2.0-5.0 75-80 70-85 16.0 0.7-1.3 50

SM-9.5E 1,2 2.0-5.0 75-80 70-85 16.0 0.7-1.3 50

SM-12.5A 1,2 2.0-5.0 73-79 68-84 15.0 0.7-1.3 50

SM-12.5D 1,2 2.0-5.0 73-79 68-84 15.0 0.7-1.3 50

SM-12.5E 1,2 2.0-5.0 73-79 68-84 15.0 0.7-1.3 50

IM-19.0A 1,2 2.0-5.0 69-76 64-83 14.0 0.6-1.3 50

IM-19.0D 1,2 2.0-5.0 69-76 64-83 14.0 0.6-1.3 50

IM-19.0E 1,2 2.0-5.0 69-76 64-83 14.0 0.6-1.3 50

BM-25.0A 2,3 1.0-4.0 67-87 67-92 13.0 0.6-1.3 50

BM-25.0D 2,3 1.0-4.0 67-87 67-92 13.0 0.6-1.3 50

1Asphalt content should be selected at 4.0% air voids for A & D mixes, 3.5% air voids for E mix.

2Fines-asphalt ratio is based on effective asphalt content.

3Base mix shall be designed at 2.5% air voids. BM-25A shall have a minimum asphalt content of 4.4% unless otherwise approved by the Engineer. BM-25D shall have a minimum asphalt content of 4.6% unless otherwise approved by the Engineer.

4Asphalt content shall be selected at 5.0 percent air voids.

Section 211.03(d)8 – For surface mixes is replaced with the following:

For surface mixes, permeability test data shall be submitted in accordance with VTM 120 using either single point verification or the regression method for each surface mix having a different gradation. The specimen height shall be one inch for SM-4.75 mix types. If the average of the permeability results from the single point verification method exceeds 150 x 10-5 cm/sec, or if the regression method predicts a permeability exceeding 150 x 10-5 cm/sec at

7.5% voids, the Contractor shall redesign the mixture to produce a permeability number less than 150 x 10-5 cm/sec.

Section 211.04(a) – Types SM-9.0A, SM-9.0D, SM-9.0E, SM-9.5A, SM-9.5D, SM-9.5E, SM-12.5A, SM-12.5D, and SM-12.5E asphalt concrete is renamed Types SM-4.75A, SM-4.75D, SM-4.75E, SM-9.0A, SM-9.0D, SM-9.0E, SM-9.5A, SM-9.5D, SM-9.5E, SM-12.5A, SM-12.5D, and SM-12.5E asphalt concrete and replaced with the following:

Types SM-4.75A, SM-4.75D, SM-4.75E, SM-9.0A, SM-9.0D, SM-9.0E, SM- 9.5A, SM-9.5D, SM-9.5E, SM-12.5A, SM-12.5D, and SM-12.5E asphalt concrete shall consist of crushed stone, crushed slag, or crushed gravel and fine aggregate; slag or stone screenings; or a combination thereof combined with asphalt cement. For all surface mixes, except where otherwise noted, no more than 5% of the aggregate retained on the No. 4 sieve and no more than 20% of the total aggregate may be polish-susceptible. At the discretion of the Engineer, SM-9.5AL or SM-12.5AL may be specified and polish susceptible aggregates may be used (without percentage limits). Unless Type C (curb mix) is specified by the Engineer in the Contract, SM9.0, SM-9.5, and SM-

12.5 mix types are acceptable for use in the construction of asphalt curbing.

Section 211.04(e) – Type SM-9.5, SM-12.5, IM-19.0 and BM-25.0 asphalt concrete is renamed Type SM-4.75, SM-9.5, SM-12.5, IM-19.0 and BM-25.0 asphalt concrete and amended to replace the first paragraph with the following:

Type SM-4.75, SM-9.5, SM-12.5, IM-19.0 and BM-25.0 asphalt concrete may be designated E (polymer modified), or stabilized (S). Asphalt concrete mixtures with the E designation may not be stabilized.

Table II-15 – Process Tolerance is replaced with the following:

T A

B L

E I I-

P ro c e s s T o le ra n c e o le ra n c e o n E a c h

L a b o ra to ry

S ie v e a n d

A s p h a lt

C o n te n t:

P e rc e n t P lu s a n d

M in u s

N

T e s ts p

S iz e

½

¾

½

/8

A

.C

.0

.6

.7

.3

.4

.8

.1

.5

.2

.9

.9

D e fi n e d a s t h e s ie v e t h a t h a s p a s s in g a s d e fi n e d i n

T a b le

I I-

Section 211.09 – Adjustment System is amended by replacing the first paragraph and following table with the following:

If a lot of material does not conform to the acceptance requirements of Section 211.08, the Department will determine adjustment points as follows:

Adjustment Points for Each 1% the Gradation Is Outside the Process Tolerance Permitted In Table II-15

Sieve Size (Applied in 0.1% increments)

1 1/2 in 1

1 in 1

3/4 in 1

1/2 in 1

3/8 in 1

No. 4 1

No. 8 1

No. 16 1

No. 30 2

No. 50 2

No. 200 3

SECTION 217 – HYDRAULIC CEMENT CONCRETE

SS217-002020-01 September 27, 2019

SECTION 217 – HYDRAULIC CEMENT CONCRETE is amended as follows:

Section 217.02(c) – Fine aggregate is replaced with the following:

Fine aggregate shall conform to Section 202 for Grading A or Section 206.

Section 217.02(d) – Coarse aggregate is replaced with the following:

Coarse aggregate shall conform to Sections 203 or 206 for the class of concrete being produced.

Section 217.02(m) – Lightweight aggregate is inserted as follows:

Lightweight aggregate shall conform to Section 206.

Section 217.07 – Proportioning Concrete Mixes is replaced with the following:

The Contractor is responsible for having a certified Concrete Plant Technician available during batching operations, and a certified Concrete Field Technician present during placing operations.

The Contractor shall have at least one certified Concrete Field Technician on the project for single or multiple incidental concrete placements. The Contractor shall have at least one certified Concrete Field Technician present at each site during the placement of pavements, bridge decks, bridge piers and abutments, box culverts, and any placement of 50 or more cubic yards.

The certified Concrete Field Technician shall provide control over methods used for discharging, conveying, spreading, consolidating, screeding, finishing, texturing, curing, and protecting the concrete. Deficiencies in conformance to specification requirements and good concreting practices shall be corrected by or under the direction of the certified Concrete Field Technician as soon as they begin to occur.

The concrete producer shall plan batching operations so that delays do not occur because of the absence of certified personnel.

Concrete shall be proportioned to secure the strength and durability required for the pavement or the part of the structure in which it will be used.

The Contractor shall submit concrete mixture designs conforming to the Specifications for the class of concrete specified for the Engineer’s approval prior to the start of concrete mixing operations.

The Contractor shall furnish and incorporate a water-reducing and retarding admixture in bridge deck concrete and in other concrete when conditions are such that the initial set may occur prior to completion of approved finishing operations. The two admixtures shall not be used together in the same concrete batch unless tests indicate the admixtures are compatible in accordance with Section 215.02(b). If the Engineer elects to waive the requirement to have both admixtures, the Contractor may supply and incorporate only a water-reducing admixture, in lieu of having both the water-reducing and retarding admixtures normally required in the bridge deck concrete, to provide the required slump without exceeding the maximum water/cement ratio. The Contractor shall demonstrate to the Engineer that use of the admixture will not cause segregation.

Concrete shall be air entrained. The air content shall conform to Table II-17.

Except for latex hydraulic cement concrete, concrete mixtures shall be developed and verified by any one of the following three options listed below.

The mix designs as determined by the respective option below shall be valid provided there is no change in sources of aggregate, chemical admixtures, mineral admixtures, or hydraulic cement. All concrete mixtures shall contain the minimum amount of mineral admixtures or combination thereof expressed as a percent of the total cementitious materials in accordance with Section 217.02(a). All quantities of materials shall be weighed in accordance with tolerances specified in Section 217.04. The quantities of coarse and fine aggregates used in concrete production shall not deviate by more than ±5% by weight from the batch weights of the approved mix design.

When low permeability concrete is specified, two 4 X 8 inch specimens shall be molded from concrete representing the proposed mix design and tested in accordance with VTM 112 to validate conformance. For trial batches, the tested permeability value shall be considered satisfactory provided it is 500 coulombs less than the specified maximum value for the class of concrete specified.

(a) Option 1 – Prescriptive Method:

Mix proportions for normal, heavy weight, and lightweight concrete shall be established by the methods described in ACI 211 on an absolute volume basis for the respective aggregate size. The mix design shall conform to Table II-17 or other parts of the Contract for the class and type of concrete indicated. Aggregate properties obtained from the aggregate producer shall be used for design purposes.

Once the proposed mix design has been established, the Contractor or their concrete supplier shall produce one 3-cubic yard production verification batch using the same type of equipment intended for use in supplying concrete to the Department. The proposed mix design will be considered acceptable provided that the plastic properties of the concrete are within the Department’s specification limits for the given class of concrete. Strength tests of the verification batch must equal or exceed f’c for the intended class of concrete.

(b) Option 2 – Trial Batch Mix Design Method:

The minimum cementitious content requirement in Table II-17 will be waived provided that the maximum water-cementitious ratio requirement of Table II-17 is met for the respective class of concrete. The required grading for fine and coarse aggregate will be waived provided the coarse aggregate meets the nominal maximum size as required in Table II-17 for the respective class of concrete.

The Contractor shall prepare a minimum of 3 trial concrete batches with differing cementitious materials contents over a range anticipated to encompass the design strength, f’c, plus overdesign, and water-cementitious ratios encompassing the range permitted for the classes of concrete being evaluated. Trial batches may be produced in either small scale laboratory batches or truck batches with a minimum batch volume of 3 cubic yards each.

The plastic properties of the trial concrete batches shall meet the requirements for consistency and air content in Table II-17 and meet the additional requirements listed below:

The concrete temperature of the trial batches, as batched and sampled, shall be a minimum of 68°F.

Air content of the trial batches shall be within a range of -1.0 to +1.5 percentage points of the median design air content for the classes of concrete being evaluated.

Slump of the trial batches shall be within ±1 inch of the maximum slump permitted for the class of concrete.

Three 4 X 8 inch test specimens shall be molded from each batch, cured in accordance with ASTM C31 for acceptance specimens, and then compression tested at an age of 28 days. The strength results of these tests shall be plotted on a graph to establish the relationship between the water-cementitious ratio and the compressive strength. Alternately, the relationship can be established between the cementitious content and the compressive strength. The design water-cementitious ratio, or design cementitious content, can then be derived from the graph to satisfy the required design strength plus an appropriate overdesign to be designated as f’cr. The required cementitious materials content determined from these tests can be interpolated from the established graph. If desired, the design water-cementitious ratio or cementitious content can be determined from a polynomial regression analysis of the plotted strength data.

Test results from prior trial concrete batches are acceptable for use if they represent the same material sources proposed for the Department work, meet the requirements for trial concrete batches as stated above and are less than 18 months old.

The required cementitious content to satisfy the strength requirement for the respective class of concrete shall be determined in accordance with either of the two following procedures:

1. When the concrete production facility has sufficient data to establish a production standard deviation (“s”), as described in Section 217.07(d). The cementitious content required to meet the design strength requirement, f’cr, then the f’cr shall be based upon the following equation:

f’cr = f’c + 3s

2. When the concrete production facility does not have a production standard deviation established the cementitious content required to meet the design strength requirement, f’cr, then the f’cr shall be based upon the following equation:

f’cr = f’c + 1700 psi.

Once the proposed mix design has been established, the Contractor shall produce one 3-cubic-yard production verification batch using the same type of equipment intended for use in supplying concrete to the Department. The proposed mix design will be considered acceptable if and only if the plastic properties of the concrete are within the Department’s specification limits for the given class of concrete. Strength tests of the verification batch must equal or exceed f’c for the intended class of concrete. The requirement for a production verification batch will be waived when the trial batching is performed –with truck batches.

(c) Option 3 - Documented Field Experience Method:

The minimum cementitious content requirement in Table II-17 will be waived provided that the maximum water-cementitious ratio requirement of Table II-17 is met for the respective class of concrete. The required grading for fine and coarse aggregate will be waived provided the coarse aggregate meets the nominal maximum size as required in Table II-17 for the respective class of concrete.

An existing concrete mixture shall be considered acceptable for use if the Contractor has a satisfactory test record of pervious field experience as described in Section 217.07(d), and that the proposed concrete mixture meets the following requirements:

1. The water cementitious ratio of the proposed concrete mixture is less than or equal to the maximum water cementitious ratio specified for the respective class of concrete.

2. The documented average strength, f ’cr, equals or exceeds the design compressive strength f ’c for the respective class of concrete in accordance with the following equation: f’cr = f ’c + 3s.

3. The proposed concrete mixture contains the same aggregate sources, supplementary cementitious materials type, and admixture type as those used to establish the previous field experience test record.

4. The consistency (slump) and air content are within the specification limits for the respective class of concrete.

(d) Documentation of Previous Field Experience or Production Standard Deviation(s)

An acceptable test record to document previous field experience or to establish a production facility standard deviation shall represent a minimum of 30 consecutive compressive strength tests results, encompass a production period of at least 45 days and test data not more than 18 months old. A test record of less than 30 tests, but not less than 15 tests, shall be permitted provided a modification factor is applied to the production facility sample standard deviation as shown below:

Multiply Standard Deviation by Modification Factor

Number of Test Modification Factor

15 1.16 20 1.08 25 1.03 30 1.00

The test record may be based on non-Department projects if documentation of the sources of concrete strength test results accompanies the submittal.

For latex hydraulic cement content, the dry weight ratio of cement/fine aggregate/coarse aggregate shall be 1:2.5:2. With the Engineer’s approval a maximum adjustment of 10 percent may be made in aggregate weights to compensate for grading changes and variable specific gravity.

The Contractor shall adjust batch quantities during the course of the work to compensate for changes in workability caused by differences in the characteristics of aggregates and cements permitted within the specification requirements. Such adjustments shall be made only by the Contractor and shall not change the yield.

If concrete cannot be obtained with the required workability or consistency or within the maximum design water content with the materials furnished, the Contractor shall make changes to secure the desired properties subject to the limiting requirements specified in Table II-17 and the Engineer’s approval.