50-00000-24-00020_Attachment A-Standard Specifications Appendix.pdf.PDF

(210-VI-NEH, May 2001) 2–1

Construction Specification 2—Clearing and Grubbing

1. Scope The work consists of clearing and grubbing and disposal of trees, snags, logs, brush, stumps, shrubs, and rubbish from the designated areas.

2. Protection of existing vegetation Trees and other vegetation designated to remain undisturbed shall be protected from damage throughout the duration of the construction period. Any damages resulting from the contractor's operations or ne-glect shall be repaired by the contractor.

Earthfill, stockpiling of materials, vehicular parking, and excessive foot or vehicular traffic shall not be allowed within the drip line of vegetation designated to remain in place. Vegetation damaged by any of these or similar actions shall be replaced with viable vegetation of the same species, similar condition, and like size unless otherwise approved by the Engineer.

Any cuts, skins, scrapes, or bruises to the bark of the vegetation shall be carefully trimmed and local nursery accepted procedures used to seal damaged bark.

Any limbs or branches 0.5 inch or larger in diameter that are broken, severed, or otherwise seriously damaged during construction shall be cut off at the base of the damaged limb or branch flush with the adjacent limb or tree trunk. All roots 1-inch or larger in diameter that are cut, broken, or otherwise sev-ered during construction operations shall have the end smoothly cut perpendicular to the root. Roots exposed during excavation or other operations shall be covered with moist earth or backfilled as soon as possible to prevent the roots from drying out.

3. Marking The limits of the area(s) to be cleared and grubbed will be marked by stakes, flags, tree markings, or other suitable methods. Trees to be left standing and uninjured will be designated by special markings placed on the trunk about 6 feet above the ground surface.

4. Clearing and grubbing All trees not marked for preservation and all snags, logs, brush, stumps, shrubs, rubbish, and similar materials shall be cleared from within the limits of the designated areas. Unless otherwise specified, all stumps, roots, and root clusters that have a diameter of 1 inch or larger shall be grubbed out to a depth of at least 2 feet below subgrade for concrete structures and 1 foot below the ground surface at embank-ment sites and other designated areas.

5. Disposal All materials cleared and grubbed from the designated areas shall be disposed of at locations shown on the drawings or in a manner specified in section 7. The contractor is responsible for complying with all local rules and regulations and the payment of any and all fees that may result from disposal at locations away from the project site.

6. Measurement and payment Method 1—For items of work for which specific units prices are established in the contract, the cleared and grubbed area is measured to the nearest 0.1 acre. Payment for clearing and grubbing is made for the total area within the designated limits at the contract unit price. Such payment will constitute full com-pensation for all labor, equipment, tools, and all other items necessary and incidental to the completion of the work.

(210-VI-NEH, May 2001)

Method 2—For items of work for which specific unit prices are established in the contract, the length of the cleared and grubbed area is measured to the nearest full station (100 feet) along the line designated on the drawing or identified in the specifications. Payment for clearing and grubbing is made for the total length within the designated limits at the contract unit price. Such payment will constitute full compensation for all labor, equipment, tools, and all other items necessary and incidental to the comple-tion of the work.

Method 3—For items of work for which specific unit prices are established in the contract, each tree, stump, and snag having a diameter of 4 inches or larger and each log having a diameter of 4 inches or larger and a length of 10 feet are measured before removal. The size of each tree and snag is determined by measuring its trunk at breast height above the natural ground surface. The size of each log is deter-mined by measuring the butt and by measuring its length from butt to tip. The size of each stump is measured at the top. Diameter is determined by dividing the measured circumference by 3.14.

Payment for clearing and grubbing of each tree, stump, and snag having a diameter of 4 inches or larger and each log having a diameter of 4 inches or larger and a length of 10 feet or larger is made at the con-tract unit price for its size designation as determined by the following schedule:

Measured diameter Size designation

(in) (in)

4 to 8 6

8 to 12 10

12 to 24 18

24 to 36 30

36 to 60 48

Over 60 60

The sum of such payments shall constitute full compensation for clearing and grubbing (including the clearing and grubbing of smaller trees, stumps, snags, logs, brush, shrubs, and roots), applicable permits and associated fees, and rubbish removal. Such payment shall constitute full compensation for all labor, equipment, tools, and all other items necessary and incidental to the completion of the work.

Method 4—For items of work for which specific lump sum prices are established in the contract, pay-ment for clearing and grubbing is made at the contract lump sum price. Such payment shall constitute full compensation for all labor, equipment, tools, and all other items necessary and incidental to the completion of the work.

All Methods—The following provisions apply to all methods of measurement and payment. Compensa-tion for any item of work described in the contract, but not listed in the bid schedule will be included in the payment for the item of work to which it is made subsidiary. Such items and the items to which they are made subsidiary are identified in section 7.

7. Items of work and construction details

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Construction Specification 3—Structure Removal

1. Scope The work shall consist of the removal, salvage, and disposal of structures (including fences) from the designated areas.

2. Marking Method 1—Each structure or structure part to be removed will be marked with stakes, flags, paint, or other suitable method.

Method 2—The area boundaries from which structures must be removed will be marked using stakes, flags, paint, or other suitable method. Structures to remain undisturbed or to be salvaged will be desig-nated by special markings.

3. Removal Method 1—All structures designated for removal in the contract shall be removed to the specified ex-tent and depth.

Method 2—Within the areas so marked, all visible and buried structures identified shall be removed to the specified extent and depth.

4. Salvage Structures or structure parts that are designated to be salvaged shall be carefully removed and neatly placed in the specified or approved storage location. Salvaged structures that are capable of being disas-sembled shall be dismantled into individual members or sections. Such structures shall be neatly and systematically match marked with paint before disassembly. All connectors and other parts shall be marked to indicate their proper location within the structure and shall be fastened to the appropriate structural member or packed in suitable containers.

Material from fences designated to be salvaged shall be placed outside the work area on the property on which the fence was originally located. Fence wire shall be rolled into uniform rolls of suitable size and neatly piled with other salvaged materials. Posts and rails shall be neatly stacked.

5. Disposal of refuse materials Refuse materials resulting from structure removal shall be disposed of in a manner and at locations specified in section 7 of this specification or in an acceptable manner and at locations approved by the contracting officer. Disposal by burning shall be in accordance with local rules and regulations.

6. Measurement and payment Method 1—For items of work for which specific unit prices are established by the contract, payment for the removal of each structure unit, except fences, is made at the contract unit price. Fences removed or removed and salvaged are measured to the nearest linear foot. Payment for fence removal or removal and salvage is made at the contract unit prices for each type and size of fence.

Such payment will constitute full compensation for all labor, equipment, tools, applicable permits and associated fees for burning and disposal of refuse, and all other items necessary and incidental to the completion of the work.

Method 2—For items of work for which specific lump sum prices are established by the contract, pay-ment for structure removal is made at the contract lump sum price.

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Such payment will constitute full compensation for all labor, equipment, tools, applicable permits and associated fees for burning and disposal of refuse, and all other items necessary and incidental to the completion of the work.

All Methods—The following provisions apply to all methods of measurement and payment. Compensa-tion for any item of work described in the contract, but not listed as a contract line item number in the bid schedule, is included in the payment for the item of work to which it is made subsidiary. Such items and items to which they are made subsidiary are identified in section 7 of this specification.

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5–1(210–VI–NEH, January 2014)

1. Scope The work consists of installing measures or performing work to control erosion and minimize the production of sediment and other pollutants to water and air from construction activities.

The following BioPreferred® product categories are applicable to this specification:

— mulch and compost materials

— erosion control materials

— fertilizers

— dust suppressants

— agricultural spray adjuvants

2. Material Silt fence shall conform to the requirement of Materials Specification 592, Geotextile. All other material furnished shall meet the requirements of the material specifications listed in section 8 of this specification.

3. Erosion and sediment control measures and works The measures and works shall include, but are not limited to, the following:

Staging of earthwork activities—The excavation and moving of soil materials shall be scheduled to minimize the size of areas disturbed and unprotected from erosion for the shortest reasonable time.

Seeding—Seeding to protect disturbed areas shall occur as soon as reasonably possible following completion of that earthwork activity.

Mulching—Mulching to provide temporary protection of the soil surface from erosion.

Diversions—Diversions to divert water from work areas and to collect water from work areas for treatment and safe disposition. They are temporary and shall be removed and the area restored to its near original condition when the diversions are no longer required or when permanent measures are installed.

Stream crossings—Culverts or bridges where equipment must cross streams. They are temporary and shall be removed and the area restored to its near original condition when the crossings are no longer required or when permanent measures are installed.

Sediment basins—Sediment basins collect, settle, and eliminate sediment from eroding areas from impacting properties and streams below the construction site(s). These basins are temporary and shall be removed and the area restored to its original condition when they are no longer required or when permanent measures are installed.

Sediment filters—Straw bale filters or geotextile silt fences trap sediment from areas of limited runoff. Sediment filters shall be properly anchored to prevent erosion under or around them. Silt fences shall be installed and main-tained in accordance with ASTM D6462. These filters are temporary and shall be removed and the area restored to its original condition when they are no longer required or when permanent measures are installed.

Waterways—Waterways for the safe disposal of runoff from fields, diversions, and other structures or measures.

These works are temporary and shall be removed and the area restored to its original condition when they are no longer required or when permanent measures are installed.

Construction Specification 5—Pollution Control

5–2 (210–VI–NEH, January 2014)

Other—Additional protection measures as specified in section 8 of this specification or required by Federal, State, or local government.

4. Chemical pollution The contractor shall provide watertight tanks or barrels or construct a sump sealed with plastic sheets to collect and temporarily contain chemical pollutants, such as drained lubricating or transmission fluids, grease, soaps, concrete mixer washwater, or asphalt, produced as a by-product of the construction activities. Pollutants shall be disposed of in accordance with appropriate state and Federal regulations. At the completion of the construction work, tanks, barrels, and sumps shall be removed and the area restored to its original condition as specified in sec-tion 8 of this specification. Sump removal shall be conducted without causing pollution.

Sanitary facilities, such as chemical toilets, or septic tanks shall not be located next to live streams, wells, or springs. They shall be located at a distance sufficient to prevent contamination of any water source. At the comple-tion of construction activities, facilities shall be disposed of without causing pollution as specified in section 8 of this specification.

5. Air pollution The burning of brush or slash and the disposal of other materials shall adhere to state and local regulations.

Fire prevention measures shall be taken to prevent the start or spreading of wildfires that may result from project activities. Firebreaks or guards shall be constructed and maintained at locations shown on the drawings.

All public access or haul roads used by the contractor during construction of the project shall be sprinkled or otherwise treated to fully suppress dust. All dust control methods shall ensure safe construction operations at all times. If chemical dust suppressants are applied, the material shall be a commercially available product specifically designed for dust suppression and the application shall follow manufacturer's requirements and recommendations.

A copy of the product data sheet and manufacturer's recommended application procedures shall be provided to the engineer 5 working days before the first application.

6. Maintenance, removal, and restoration All pollution control measures and temporary works shall be adequately maintained in a functional condition for the duration of the construction period. All temporary measures shall be removed and the site restored to near original condition.

7. Measurement and payment Method 1—For items of work for which specific unit prices are established in the contract, each item is measured to the nearest unit applicable. Payment for each item is made at the contract unit price for that item. For water or chemical suppressant items used for dust control for which items of work are established in section 8 of this speci-fication, measurement for payment will not include water or chemical suppressants that are used inappropriately or excessive to need. Such payment will constitute full compensation for the completion of the work.

Method 2—For items of work for which lump sum prices are established in the contract, payment is made as the work proceeds and supported by invoices presented by the contractor that reflect actual costs. If the total of all progress payments is less than the lump sum contract price for this item, the balance remaining for this item will be included in the final contract payment. Payment of the lump sum contract price will constitute full compensa-tion for completion of the work.

Method 3—For items of work for which lump sum prices are established in the contract, payment will be prorated and provided in equal amounts on each monthly progress payment estimate. The number of months used for pro-rating shall be the number estimated to complete the work as outlined in the contractor's approved construction schedule. The final month's prorate amount will be provided with the final contract payment. Payment as described will constitute full compensation for completion of the work.

5–3(210–VI–NEH, January 2014)

All Methods—The following provisions apply to all methods of measurement and payment. Compensation for any item of work described in the contract, but not listed in the bid schedule is included in the payment for the item of work to which it is made subsidiary. Such items, and the items to which they are made subsidiary, are identified in section 8 of this specification.

8. Items of work and construction details

210 H 642 CS 8 (June 2024) 1

Construction Specification 8 — Mobilization and Demobilization

Title 210 – Engineering Part 642 – Specifications for Construction Contracts Subpart B – National Construction Specifications June 2024

A. Scope

1. The work consists of the mobilization and demobilization of the contractor’s forces and equipment necessary for performing the work required under the contract. It does not include mobilization and demobilization for specific items of work for which payment is provided elsewhere in the contract. Mobilization will not be considered as work in fulfilling the contract requirements for commencement of work.

B. Equipment and Material

1. Mobilization includes all activities and associated costs for transportation of contractor’s personnel, equipment, and operating supplies to the site;

establishment of offices, buildings, and other necessary general facilities for the contractor’s operations at the site; premiums paid for performance and payment bonds including coinsurance and reinsurance agreements as applicable; and other items specified in Section D of this specification.

2. Demobilization includes all activities and costs for transportation of personnel, equipment, and supplies not required or included in the contract from the site, including the disassembly, removal, and site cleanup of offices, buildings, and other facilities assembled on the site specifically for this contract.

3. This work includes mobilization and demobilization required by the contract at the time of award. If additional mobilization and demobilization activities and costs are required during the performance of the contract as a result of changed, deleted, or added items of work for which the contractor is entitled to an adjustment in contract price, compensation for such costs will be included in the price adjustment for the item or items of work changed or added.

C. Payment

1. Payment will be made as the work proceeds after presentation of paid invoices or documentation of direct costs by the contractor showing specific mobilization and demobilization costs and supporting evidence of the charges of suppliers, subcontractors, and others. When the total of such payments is less than the lump-sum contract price, the balance remaining will be included in the final contract payment. Payment of the lump sum contract price for mobilization and demobilization will constitute full compensation for completion of the work.

210 H 642 CS 8 (June 2024) 2

2. Payment will not be made under this item for the purchase costs of materials having a residual value, the purchase costs of materials to be incorporated in the project, or the purchase costs of operating supplies.

D. Items of Work and Construction Details

Construction Specification 9—Traffic Control

1. Scope The work shall consist of establishing traffic control and maintaining safe, convenient use of public roads and rights-of-way.

2. Traffic and access The contractor's operations shall cause no unnecessary inconvenience to the public. The public rights-of-way shall be maintained at all times unless interruption is authorized by proper local authority.

Contractor's authorized closing or detour plans shall be provided to the engineer for approval.

Safe and adequate access shall be provided and maintained to all public protection devices and to all critical utility control locations. Facility access shall be continuous and unobstructed unless otherwise approved.

3. Storage of equipment and material in public streets Construction materials and equipment shall not be stored or parked on public streets, roads, or high-ways. During any material or equipment loading or unloading activities that may temporarily interfere with traffic, an acceptable detour shall be provided for the duration of the activity. Any associated ex-pense for this activity is the responsibility of the contractor.

Excavated material, including suitable material that is intended for adjacent trench backfill or other earth backfill as specified in section 5 of this specification, shall not be stored on public streets, roads, or highways that remain in service for the public. Any waiver of this requirement must be obtained from the proper local authority and approved by the engineer. All excess and unsuitable material shall be re-moved from the site as soon as possible. Any spillage shall be removed from roadways before they are used by the public.

4. Street closures, detours, and barricades The contractor shall comply with the requirements of all applicable responsible units of government for closure of any street, road, or highway. The contractor shall provide the required barriers, guards, lights, signs, temporary bridges, and flaggers together with informing the public of any detours and construc-tion hazards by the most suitable means available, such as local newspapers or radio stations. The con-tractor is also responsible for compliance with additional public safety requirements that may arise during construction. The contractor shall furnish, install, and, upon completion of the work, promptly remove all signs, warning devices, and other materials used in the performance of this work.

Unless otherwise specified, the contractor shall notify, in writing, the fire chief, police chief, county sheriff, state patrol, schools that operate school buses, or any other government official as may be ap-propriate no less than 7 days before closing, partly closing, or reopening any street, road, or highway.

Unless otherwise specified, the contractor shall furnish to the engineer a written plan showing the pro-posed method of signing, barricading for traffic control, and safety for street detours and closures.

All temporary detours will be maintained to ensure use of public rights-of-way is provided in a safe man-ner. This may include dust control, grading, and graveling as required in section 7 of this specification.

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5. General and specific references All signs, signals, barricades, use of flaggers, and other traffic control and public safety devices shall conform to the general requirements set forth in the Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices

(MUTCD) and the latest edition of Standard Highway Signs and Standard Alphabets for Highway

Signs and/or OSHA Construction Industry Standards (29 CFR Part 1926), Subpart G, Signs, Signals, and Barricades unless otherwise specified in section 7 of this specification.

6. Measurement and payment For items of work for which specific lump sum prices are established in the contract, payment for the work is made at the contract lump sum price. Progress payments will be made based upon the percent-age of estimated total time that traffic control will be required unless otherwise specified in section 7 of this specification. Payment will constitute full compensation for all flaggers, labor, materials, equipment, and all other items necessary and incidental to completion of the work.

Compensation for any item of work described in the contract, but not listed in the bid schedule will be included in the payment for the item of work to which it is made subsidiary. Such items and items to which they are made subsidiary are identified in section 7 of this specification.

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10–1(210–VI–NEH, January 2009)

Construction Specification 10—Water for Construction

1. Scope The work consists of furnishing, transporting, measuring, and applying water as specified.

2. Facilities and equipment The contractor shall install and maintain access and haul roads and furnish, operate, and maintain all pumps, meters, piping, tanks, storage, and other facilities required to load, transport, store, distribute, and use construction water as specified.

These facilities shall be equipped with accurate, work dedicated meters; tanks of known volume; or other devices that provide a correct measurement of water supplied. Meters shall be installed at the point of delivery into water hauling equipment or application system, such as sprinkler systems or flooding systems, as specified.

3. Dust abatement and haul road maintenance Water for dust abatement and haul road maintenance shall be applied to haul roads and other dust producing areas as needed to prevent air pollution or excessive dust (which causes impaired vision on trafficked roads and in work areas) and to maintain the roads in good condition for safe and efficient operation during periods of use. Roads that may be jointly used with the public and by the contractor's equipment shall have dust abatement provisions ac-ceptable to the public entity that has road maintenance responsibility. Compensation for water used for dust abate-ment and haul road maintenance shall be as specified in section 8 of this specification.

4. Earthfill, drainfill, and rockfill Water required for proper installation of earthfill, drainfill, and/or rockfill shall be used in the fill materials as speci-fied in the applicable construction specification(s). Compensation for construction water used for earthfill, drain-fill, and/or rockfill shall be as specified in section 8 of this specification.

5. Concrete, mortar, and grout Water required in the mixing or curing of concrete, shotcrete, roller compacted concrete, or other portland ce-ment mortar or grout shall meet the requirements of the applicable construction specifications and shall be used in conformance with those specifications. Payment for construction water used in these items is covered by the applicable concrete, mortar, or grout specification, or a combination of these.

6. Other construction requiring water Water required and used for other construction activities under this contract, but not specifically covered by this specification shall be considered subsidiary to the item(s) of work that requires its use.

7. Measurement and payment Method 1—For water items for which specific unit prices are established in the contract, the volume of water furnished and used in accordance with the specifications will be measured to the nearest 1,000 gallons.

Payment for water is made at the contract unit price. Such payment will constitute full compensation for the direct costs of water. All other costs necessary for transportation, distribution, and application are subsidiary to the items of work with which they are associated.

10–2 (210–VI–NEH, January 2009)

Method 2—For water items for which specific unit prices are established in the contract, the volume of water furnished and used in accordance with the specifications will be measured to the nearest 1,000 gallons.

Payment for water and the cost associated with transportation, distribution, and application is made at the contract unit price. Such payment will constitute full compensation for completion of the work.

Method 3—For water items for which specific unit prices are established in the contract, the volume of water used in accordance with the specifications will be measured to the nearest 1,000 gallons.

Payment for water is made at the contract unit price. Such payment, excluding water cost, will constitute full com-pensation for completion of the work.

All methods—The following provisions apply to all methods of measurement and payment:

• The measurement for payment will include all water used except as noted in sections 5, 6, and 8 of this specification. Measurement for payment will not include water that is used inappropriately or in excess of that needed to accomplish the specified task.

• Compensation for any item of work described in the contract, but not listed in the bid schedule is included in the payment for the item of work to which it is made subsidiary. Such items and the items to which they are made subsidiary are identified in section 8 of this specification.

Construction Specification 11—Removal of Water

1. Scope The work consists of the removal of surface water and ground water as necessary to perform the con-struction required by the contract in accordance with the specifications. It shall include: (1) construct-ing, installing, building, and maintaining all necessary temporary water containment facilities, channels, and diversions; (2) furnishing, installing, and operating all necessary pumps, piping, and other facilities and equipment; and (3) removing all such temporary works and equipment after their intended function is no longer required.

2. Diverting surface water The contractor shall install, maintain, and operate all cofferdams, channels, flumes, sumps, and all other temporary diversion and protective works needed to divert streamflow and other surface water through or around the construction site. Control of surface water shall be continuous during the period that damage to construction work could occur. Unless otherwise specified and/or approved, the diversion outlet shall be into the same drainageway that the water would have reached before being diverted.

The contractor shall furnish the Engineer, in writing, a proposed plan for diverting surface water before beginning any construction activities for which a diversion is required, unless waived in section 8 of this specification. Acceptance of this plan or the waiving of the plan requirement will not relieve the contractor of the responsibilities related to this activity during the process of completing the work as specified.

3. Dewatering the construction site

Foundations, cutoff trenches, and all other parts of the construction site shall be dewatered and kept free of standing water and muddy conditions as necessary for the proper execution of the work. The contractor shall furnish, install, operate, and maintain all drains, sumps, pumps, casings, well points, and all other equipment required to properly dewater the site as specified. Dewatering systems that cause a loss of soil fines from the foundation areas will not be permitted.

The contractor shall furnish the Engineer, in writing, a proposed plan for dewatering before commencing with any construction activity for which dewatering may be required, unless waived in section 8 of this specification. Acceptance of this plan or the waiving of the plan requirement will not relieve the contractor of the responsibilities for completing the specified work.

4. Dewatering borrow areas

The contractor shall maintain all borrow areas free of surface water or otherwise provide for timely and effective removal of surface and subsurface water that accumulates within the borrow area, unless waived in section 8 of this specification. Borrow material shall be processed as necessary to achieve proper and uniform moisture content at the time of placement.

If pumping to dewater borrow areas is included as a bid item of work in the bid schedule, each pump discharge pipe shall be equipped with a water meter. The meter shall be such that the measured quantity of water is accurate within 3 percent of the true quantity. The contractor shall provide necessary support to perform accuracy tests of the water meter when requested by the Engineer.

5. Erosion and pollution control

Removal of water from the construction site, including the borrow areas, shall be accomplished so that erosion and the transporting of sediment and other pollutants are minimized. Dewatering activities shall be accomplished in a manner that the water table water quality is not altered. Pollution control activities

11–1 shall not conflict with the requirements of Construction Specification 5, Pollution Control, if it is a part of this contract.

6. Removal of temporary works When temporary works are no longer needed, the contractor shall remove and return the area to a condi-tion similar to that which existed before construction. Areas where temporary works were located shall be graded for sightly appearance with no obstruction to natural surface waterflows or the proper func-tioning and access to the works of improvement installed. The contractor shall exercise extreme care during the removal stages to minimize the loss of soil sediment and debris that was trapped during con-struction.

Pipes, casings, and any other material used to dewater the site shall be removed from temporary wells.

The wells shall be filled to ground level with clean gravel or other suitable material approved by the contracting officer. The contractor shall exercise extreme care to prevent pollution of the ground water by these actions.

7. Measurement and payment Method 1—Items of work listed in the bid schedule for removal of water, diverting surface water, and dewatering construction sites and borrow areas are paid for at the contract lump sum prices. Such pay-ment will constitute full compensation for all labor, equipment, tools, and all other items necessary and incidental to the completion of the work.

Method 2—Items of work listed in the bid schedule for removal of water, diverting surface water, dewa-tering construction sites, and dewatering borrow areas are paid for at the contract lump sum prices.

Such payment will constitute full compensation for furnishing, installing, operating, and maintaining the necessary trenches, drains, sumps, pumps, and piping and for all labor, equipment, tools, and all other items necessary and incidental to the completion of the work. The exception is that additional payment for pumping to dewater borrow areas and the removal of water will be made as described in the follow-ing paragraph.

If pumping to dewater borrow areas is a contract bid item, payment is made at the contract unit price, which shall be the price per 1,000 gallons shown in the bid schedule. Such payment will constitute full compensation for pumping only. Compensation for equipment and preparation and for other costs asso-ciated with pumping is included in the lump sum payment for removal of water or the lump sum pay-ment for dewatering the borrow areas. Payment is made only for pumping that is necessary to dewater borrow areas that cannot be effectively drained by gravity or that must have the water table lowered to be usable as a suitable borrow source. Pumping for other purposes will not be included for payment under this item.

All Methods—The following provisions apply to all methods of measurement and payment. Compensa-tion for any item of work described in the contract, but not listed in the bid schedule is included in the payment for the contract line item to which it is made subsidiary. Such items and the items to which they are made subsidiary are identified in section 8 of this specification.

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23–1(210–VI–NEH, January 2009)

The work consists of the construction of earth embankments, other earthfills, and earth backfills required by the drawings and specifications.

Earthfill is composed of natural earth materials that can be placed and compacted by construction equipment oper-ated in a conventional manner.

Earth backfill is composed of natural earth material placed and compacted in confined spaces or adjacent to struc-tures (including pipes) by hand tamping, manually directed power tampers or vibrating plates, or their equivalent.

2. Material All fill material shall be obtained from required excavations and designated borrow areas. The selection, blending, routing, and disposition of material in the various fills shall be subject to approval by the engineer.

Fill materials shall contain no frozen soil, sod, brush, roots, or other perishable material. Rock particles larger than the maximum size specified for each type of fill shall be removed prior to compaction of the fill.

The types of material used in the various fills shall be as listed and described in the specifications and drawings.

3. Foundation preparation Foundations for earthfill shall be stripped to remove vegetation and other unsuitable material or shall be excavated as specified.

Except as otherwise specified, earth foundation surfaces shall be graded to remove surface irregularities and shall be scarified parallel to the axis of the fill or otherwise acceptably scored and loosened to a minimum depth of 2 inches. The moisture content of the loosened material shall be controlled as specified for the earthfill, and the surface material of the foundation shall be compacted and bonded with the first layer of earthfill as specified for subsequent layers of earthfill.

Earth abutment surfaces shall be free of loose, uncompacted earth in excess of 2 inches in depth normal to the slope and shall be at such a moisture content that the earthfill can be compacted against them to produce a good bond between the fill and the abutments.

Rock foundation and abutment surfaces shall be cleared of all loose material by hand or other effective means and shall be free of standing water when fill is placed upon them. Occasional rock outcrops in earth foundations for earthfill, except in dams and other structures designed to restrain the movement of water, shall not require special treatment if they do not interfere with compaction of the foundation and initial layers of the fill or the bond be-tween the foundation and the fill.

Foundation and abutment surfaces shall be no steeper than one horizontal to one vertical unless otherwise speci-fied. Test pits or other cavities shall be filled with compacted earthfill conforming to the specifications for the earth-fill to be placed upon the foundation.

Construction Specification 23—Earthfill

23–2 (210–VI–NEH, January 2009)

4. Placement Earthfill shall not be placed until the required excavation and foundation preparation have been completed and the foundation has been inspected and approved by the engineer. Earthfill shall not be placed upon a frozen surface nor shall snow, ice, or frozen material be incorporated in the earthfill matrix.

Earthfill shall be placed in approximately horizontal layers. The thickness of each layer before compaction shall not exceed the maximum thickness specified in section 10 or shown on the drawings. Materials placed by dumping in piles or windrows shall be spread uniformly to not more than the specified thickness before being compacted.

Hand compacted earth backfill shall be placed in layers whose thickness before compaction does not exceed the maximum thickness specified for layers of earth backfill compacted by manually directed power tampers.

Earth backfill shall be placed in a manner that prevents damage to the structures and allows the structures to as-sume the loads from the earth backfill gradually and uniformly. The height of the earth backfill adjacent to a struc-ture shall be increased at approximately the same rate on all sides of the structure.

Earthfill and earth backfill in dams, levees, and other structures designed to restrain the movement of water shall be placed to meet the following additional requirements:

(a) The distribution of materials throughout each zone shall be essentially uniform, and the earthfill shall be free from lenses, pockets, streaks, or layers of material differing substantially in texture, moisture con-tent, or gradation from the surrounding material. Zone earthfills shall be constructed concurrently unless otherwise specified.

(b) The surface of each layer shall be scarified parallel to the axis of the fill to a depth of not less than 2 inches before the next layer is placed.

(c) The top surface of embankments shall be maintained approximately level during construction with two exceptions: A crown or cross-slope of about 2 percent shall be maintained to ensure effective drainage, or as otherwise specified for drainfill or sectional zones.

(d) Dam embankments shall be constructed in continuous layers from abutment to abutment except where openings to facilitate construction or to allow the passage of streamflow during construction are specifi-cally authorized in the contract.

(e) Embankments built at different levels as described under (c) or (d) above shall be constructed so that the slope of the bonding surfaces between embankment in place and embankment to be placed is not steeper than 3 feet horizontal to 1 foot vertical. The bonding surface of the embankment in place shall be stripped of all material not meeting the requirements of this specification and shall be scarified, moist-ened, and recompacted when the new earthfill is placed against it. This ensures a good bond with the new earthfill and obtains the specified moisture content and density at the contact of the inplace and new earthfills.

5. Control of moisture content During placement and compaction of earthfill and earth backfill, the moisture content of the material being placed shall be maintained within the specified range.

The application of water to the earthfill material shall be accomplished at the borrow areas insofar as practicable.

Water may be applied by sprinkling the material after placement on the earthfill, if necessary. Uniform moisture distribution shall be obtained by disking.

Material that is too wet when deposited on the earthfill shall either be removed or be dried to the specified mois-ture content prior to compaction.

23–3(210–VI–NEH, January 2009)

If the top surface of the preceding layer of compacted earthfill or a foundation or abutment surface in the zone of contact with the earthfill becomes too dry to permit suitable bond, it shall either be removed or scarified and moist-ened by sprinkling to an acceptable moisture content before placement of the next layer of earthfill.

6. Compaction Earthfill—Earthfill shall be compacted according to the following requirements for the class of compaction speci-fied:

Class A compaction—Each layer of earthfill shall be compacted as necessary to provide the density of the earthfill matrix not less than the minimum density specified in Section 10 or identified on the drawings. The earthfill matrix is defined as the portion of the earthfill material finer than the maximum particle size allowed in the reference compaction test method specified (ASTM D698 or ASTM D1557).

Class B compaction—Each layer of earthfill shall be compacted to a mass density not less than the mini-mum density specified.

Class C compaction—Each layer of earthfill shall be compacted by the specified number of passes of the type and weight of roller or other equipment specified or by an approved equivalent method. Each pass shall consist of at least one passage of the roller wheel or drum over the entire surface of the layer.

Earth backfill—Earth backfill adjacent to structures shall be compacted to a density equivalent to that of the sur-rounding inplace earth material or adjacent required earthfill or earth backfill. Compaction shall be accomplished by hand tamping or manually directed power tampers, plate vibrators, walk-behind, miniature, or self-propelled rollers. Unless otherwise specified heavy equipment including backhoe mounted power tampers or vibrating compactors and manually directed vibrating rollers shall not be operated within 3 feet of any structure. Towed or self-propelled vibrating rollers shall not be operated within 5 feet of any structure. Compaction by means of drop weights operating from a crane or hoist is not permitted.

The passage of heavy equipment will not be allowed:

• Over cast-in-place conduits within 14-days after placement of the concrete

• Over cradled or bedded precast conduits within 7 days after placement of the concrete cradle or bedding

• Over any type of conduit until the backfill has been placed above the top surface of the structure to a height equal to one-half the clear span width of the structure or pipe or 3 feet, whichever is greater, except as may be specified in section 10.

Compacting of earth backfill adjacent to structures shall not be started until the concrete has attained the strength specified in section 10 for this purpose. The strength is determined by compression testing of test cylinders cast by the contractor's quality control personnel for this purpose and cured at the work site in the manner specified in ASTM C 31 for determining when a structure may be put into service.

When the required strength of the concrete is not specified as described above, compaction of earth backfill adja-cent to structures shall not be started until the following time intervals have elapsed after placement of the con-crete.

23–4 (210–VI–NEH, January 2009)

Structure Time interval

(days)

Vertical or near-vertical walls with earth loading on one side only 14

Walls backfilled on both sides simultaneously 7

Conduits and spillway risers, cast-in-place (with inside forms in place) 7

Conduits and spillway risers, cast-in-place (inside forms removed) 14

Conduits, pre-cast, cradled 2

Conduits, pre-cast, bedded 1

Cantilever outlet bents (backfilled both sides simultaneously) 3

7. Reworking or removal and replacement of defective earthfill Earthfill placed at densities lower than the specified minimum density or at moisture contents outside the specified acceptable range of moisture content or otherwise not conforming to the requirements of the specifications shall be reworked to meet the requirements or removed and replaced by acceptable earthfill. The replacement earthfill and the foundation, abutment, and earthfill surfaces upon which it is placed shall conform to all requirements of this specification for foundation preparation, approval, placement, moisture control, and compaction.

8. Testing During the course of the work, the contractor shall perform quality control tests, as applicable, to identify earthfill and earth backfill materials; determine the reference maximum density and optimum moisture content; and docu-ment that the moisture content of material at the time of compaction and the density of earthfill and earth backfill in place conform to the requirements of this specification.

Determining Reference Maximum Density and Optimum Moisture Content—For Class A compaction, the refer-ence maximum density and optimum moisture content shall be determined in accordance with the compaction test and method specified on the drawings or in section 10.

Documenting Specification Conformance—In-place densities of earthfill and earth backfill requiring Class A com-paction shall be measured in accordance with ASTM D1556, D2167, D2937, or D6938. Moisture contents of earthfill and earth backfill at the time of compaction shall be measured in accordance with ASTM D2216, D4643, or D6938.

Values of moisture content determined by ASTM D2216 are considered the true value of the soil moisture. Values of moisture content determined by ASTM D4643 or D6938 shall be verified by comparison to values obtained by ASTM D2216. Values of in-place density and moisture content determined by these tests shall be compared to the minimum density and moisture content range specified on the drawings or in section 10.

Correction for Oversize Particles—If the materials to be used for earthfill or earth backfill contain more than 5 percent by dry weight of oversize rock particles (particles larger than those allowed in the specified compaction test and method), corrections for oversize particles shall be made using the appropriate procedures explained in

ASTM D4718.

9. Measurement and payment For items of work for which specific unit prices are established in the contract, the volume of each type and com-paction class of earthfill and earth backfill within the specified zone boundaries and pay limits is measured and computed to the nearest cubic yard by the method of average cross-sectional end areas. Unless otherwise specified in section 10, no deduction in volume is made for embedded items, such as, but not limited to, conduits, inlet struc-tures, outlet structures, embankment drains, sand diaphragm and outlet, and their appurtenances.

23–5(210–VI–NEH, January 2009)

The pay limits shall be as defined below, with the further provision that earthfill required to fill voids resulting from overexcavation of the foundation, outside the specified lines and grades, will be included in the measurement for payment only under the following conditions:

• Where such overexcavation is directed by the engineer to remove unsuitable material, and

• Where the unsuitable condition is not a result of the contractor's improper construction operations as deter-mined by the engineer.

Earthfill beyond the specified lines and grades to backfill excavation required for compliance with OSHA require-ments will be considered subsidiary to the earthfill bid item(s).

Method 1—The pay limits shall be as designated on the drawings.

Method 2—The pay limits shall be the measured surface of the foundation when approved for placement of the earthfill and the specified neat lines of the earthfill surface.

Method 3—The pay limits shall be the measured surface of the foundation when approved for placement of the earthfill and the measured surface of the completed earthfill.

Method 4—The pay limits shall be the specified pay limits for excavation and the specified neat lines of the earth-fill surface.

Method 5—The pay limits shall be the specified pay limits for excavation and the measured surface of the com-pleted earthfill.

Method 6—Payment for each type and compaction class of earthfill and earth backfill is made at the contract unit price for that type and compaction class of earthfill. Such payment will constitute full compensation for all labor, material, equipment, and all other items necessary and incidental to the performance of the work.

Method 7—Payment for each type and compaction class of earthfill and earth backfill is made at the contract unit price for that type and compaction class of earthfill.