Lead Based Paint Policy Under Historic Preservation Guidelines.pdf

Lead Based Paint Policy Under Historic Preservation Guidelines

• REDUCING LEAD-BASED PAINT HAZARDS USING INTERIM CONTROL TECHNIQUES ON

WINDOWS (PAGES 2 – 5)

• CLEANING AND STRIPPING PAINT FROM PLASTER SURFACES (PAGES 6 – 9)

• CHEMICALLY REMOVING PAINT FROM WOOD FEATURES (PAGES 10 – 16)

• SURFACE PREPORATION FOR PAINTING WOOD (PAGES 16 – 20)

• GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR PAINTING EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR SURFACES (PAGES 20

– 30)

REDUCING LEAD-BASED PAINT HAZARDS USING INTERIM CONTROL TECHNIQUES ON

WINDOWS

The 1995 Housing and Urban Development (HUD) guidelines regarding the evaluation and control of lead-based paint hazards were developed in order to provide guidance in lead abatement/reduction work required for federally assisted housing projects. Though these guidelines are not enforced on private housing projects or projects involving other building types, they are a well-recognized reference for making buildings lead-safe, and their use as a resource is recommended in any construction project requiring lead- reduction work. For this reason, these guidelines are frequently referenced in this and other related procedures.

PART 1---GENERAL

1.01 SUMMARY

A. This procedure includes guidance on removing lead-based paint from windows using interim control techniques.

B. Interim controls are temporary methods of controlling lead-based paint hazards and include special cleaning and dust removal procedures, stabilization of the existing paint film, and special treatment of friction and impact surfaces. Abatement, on the other hand, is considered to be a permanent treatment for eliminating lead-based paint and may include complete removal of the paint or the feature/component itself.

C. Interim control techniques are preferred over abatement in preservation work since more original material can be retained and preserved. However, regular maintenance is required and necessary in order for this type of strategy to be successful. This works well in office environments with dedicated cleaning and maintenance staff.

D. For guidance in evaluating mitigation strategies for lead-hazard reduction, see 09900-03-S. For general protection measures in lead-based paint hazard reduction work, see 09900-10-S. For guidance in reducing lead-based paint hazards using abatement techniques or combination of abatement and interim control techniques on windows, see 09900-02-R and 09900-04-R respectively.

E. See 01100-07-S for general project guidelines to be reviewed along with this procedure. These guidelines cover the following sections:

1. Safety Precautions

2. Historic Structures Precautions

3. Submittals

4. Quality Assurance

5. Delivery, Storage and Handling

6. Project/Site Conditions

7. Sequencing and Scheduling

8. General Protection (Surface and Surrounding)

These guidelines should be reviewed prior to performing this procedure and should be followed, when applicable, along with recommendations from the Regional Historic Preservation Officer (RHPO).

PART 2---PRODUCTS

2.01 MANUFACTURERS

A. Red Devil, Inc.

www.reddevil.com

Pryor, OK 74361

1-800-423-3845 or 918-825-5744 info@reddevil.com

B. ProSoCo, Inc.

www.prosoco.com

Lawrence, KS 66117

1-800-255-4255

C. Diedrich Technologies, Inc.

www.diedrichtechnologies.com

Schenectady, NY 12303

1-800-283-3888

2.02 MATERIALS

NOTE: Chemical products are sometimes sold under a common name. This usually means that the substance is not as pure as the same chemical sold under its chemical name. The grade of purity of common name substances, however, is usually adequate for general cleaning or stain removal work, and these products; should be purchased when available, as they tend to be less expensive. Common names are indicated below by an asterisk

A. Trisodium Phosphate (TSP):

NOTE: THIS CHEMICAL IS BANNED IN SOME STATES SUCH AS CALIFORNIA. REGULATORY

INFORMATION AS WELL AS ALTERNATIVE OR EQUIVALENT CHEMICALS MAY BE REQUESTED

FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (EPA) REGIONAL OFFICE AND/OR THE

STATE OFFICE OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY.

1. Strong base-type powdered cleaning material sold under brand names.

2. Other chemical or common names include Sodium Orthophosphate; Tribasic sodium phosphate;

Trisodium orthophosphate; TSP*; Phosphate of soda*; (also sold under brand names such as Red Devil).

3. Potential Hazards: CORROSIVE TO FLESH.

http://www.reddevil.com/ tel:+1%20800-423-3845 tel:+1%20918-825-5744 mailto:info@reddevil.com http://www.prosoco.com/ tel:+1%20800-255-4255 http://www.diedrichtechnologies.com/ tel:+1%20800-283-3888

4. Available from chemical supply house, grocery store or supermarket or hardware store.

5. Commercial TSP supplied by Red Devil, Inc.

B. Chemical paint stripper (ProSoCo, Inc., Diedrich Technologies, or approved equal).

C. Clean, potable water

D. Masking tape

E. Primer and paint (use same manufacturer)

F. Encapsulant paint (only for sills)

G. Deglossing agent

H. Screws or wood stops

I. Razor blade

2.02 EQUIPMENT

A. Putty knife

B. Sponge sanding block

PART 3---EXECUTION

3.01 ERECTION, INSTALLATION, APPLICATION

A. Cleaning and Dust Control: Clean window sills and troughs frequently (at least twice-a-week) by wiping the surface with a sponge or cloth soaked in a mixture of TSP and water.

NOTE: CLEANING WILL ONLY BE EFFECTIVE IF PERFORMED ON A

REGULAR, SCHEDULED BASIS.

B. Paint Stabilization: Similar to typical paint maintenance except for the use of water to control the spread of led dust.

6. Mist the surface with water and scrape off loose paint using a putty knife.

7. Feather edges using a sponge sanding block saturated with a deglossing agent.

8. Apply a good quality primer and top coat of paint. Use the same manufacturer.

NOTE: The application of an encapsulate paint is not considered an interim controls, but rather an abatement technique. Encapsulant paints are applied so as to completely cover the potentially hazardous area - trapping any failing paint layers under its durable, elastic skin. These paints are also quite expensive and can obscure fine detailing because of its thick consistency.

C. Treatment of Friction and Impact Surfaces: Friction and impact surfaces on windows include components that can become abraded each time the window is opened or closed, such as the sash, the jamb, the parting bead and the interior stop.

1. Mist the interior stop for the lower sash with water.

2. Score the edges with a razor blade and remove the stop. Note: If desired, apply a strip of masking tape over the edge before scoring. This will aid in catching any paint that is chipped in the process.

3. Replace the stop, or if it is desirable to keep the existing stop, treat the friction surface as described below for the treatment of the sash.

4. Remove the sash. If desired, both the upper and lower sash may be treated alike. If the upper sash is painted shut, treatment of the lower sash only is acceptable.

5. Remove the paint from the friction edges - where the sash meets or rubs against other window components. Remove the paint at least an inch on all faces of the sash. The edge facing the jamb should not need treatment, as it is typically not painted.

a. Wet plane or wet scrape to remove the paint; mist the surface with water and remove loose paint using a putty knife or other tool forscraping.

b. Feather the edges using a sponge block saturated with a de-glossing agent.

6. Remove paint from the friction surfaces of the jamb and parting stop by wet planting and wet sanding as described above.

7. Apply a good quality primer and top coat to the window components and reassemble the window.

D. Treatment of "Chewable and Accessible" Surfaces: These are most notably window sills or other similarly projecting feature at an accessible height.

1. Abatement level treatment is recommended for these types of surfaces and includes completely removing the lead-based paint using a chemical stripper, wet scraping or wet sanding.

2. Or, apply an encapsulant paint to the surface following manufacturer's instructions. This method would be preferred if the sill has some significant detailing or if, for some reason, it is important to retain the existing paint/material.

NOTE: Sills are generally the only window features an encapsulant paint is recommended for use on. These types of paints are not effective on friction surfaces and are, therefore, not typically recommended for window work.

F. Fixing Windows in Place: If desired, this type of temporary control can eliminate contamination from friction surfaces. This method is not desirable for buildings in which the opportunity for fresh outside air is important.

1. Anchor the sash to the channel of the jamb using the inconspicuous placement of metal hardware or wood stops.

2. After the window has been fixed in place, treat the individual features using paint stabilization techniques or encapsulant paints described above.

CLEANING AND STRIPPING PAINT FROM PLASTER SURFACES

BEFORE UNDERTAKING ANY PROJECT INVOLVING PAINT REMOVAL, APPLICABLE STATE AND

FEDERAL LAWS ON LEAD PAINT ABATEMENT AND DISPOSAL MUST BE TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

AND CAREFULLY FOLLOWED. STATE AND FEDERAL REQUIREMENTS MAY AFFECT OPTIONS

AVAILABLE TO OWNERS ON BOTH PAINT REMOVAL AND REPAINTING. THESE LAWS, AS WELL

AS ANY REQUIREMENTS PROHIBITING VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (VOCs), SHOULD BE

REQUESTED FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY AND/OR THE STATE OFFICE

OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY.

(FOR REFERENCE SEE: National Park Service Preservation Brief 28, "Painting Historic Interiors").

PART 1---GENERAL

1.01 SUMMARY

A. This procedure includes guidance on cleaning and chemically removing paint from existing plaster surfaces.

B. See 01100-07-S for general project guidelines to be reviewed along with this procedure. These guidelines cover the following sections:

1. Safety Precautions

2. Historic Structures Precautions

3. Submittals

4. Quality Assurance

5. Delivery, Storage and Handling

6. Project/Site Conditions

7. Sequencing and Scheduling

8. General Protection (Surface and Surrounding)

These guidelines should be reviewed prior to performing this procedure and should be followed, when applicable, along with recommendations from the Regional Historic Preservation Officer (RHPO).

A. Diedrich Technologies, Inc.

www.diedrichtechnologies.com

B. Red Devil, Inc.

www.reddevil.com

2.02 MATERIALS

NOTE: Chemical products are sometimes sold under a common name. This usually means that the http://www.diedrichtechnologies.com/ http://www.reddevil.com/ substance is not as pure as the same chemical sold under its chemical name. The grade of purity of common name substances, however, is usually adequate for stain removal work, and these products should be purchased when available, as they tend to be less expensive. Common names are indicated below by an asterisk (*).

A. Trisodium Phosphate:

NOTE: THIS CHEMICAL IS BANNED IN SOME STATES SUCH AS CALIFORNIA. REGULATORY

INFORMATION AS WELL AS ALTERNATIVE OR EQUIVALENT CHEMICALS MAY BE REQUESTED

FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (EPA) REGIONAL OFFICE AND/OR THE

STATE OFFICE OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY.

1. Strong base-type powdered cleaning material sold under brand names, such as that manufactured by Red Devil, Inc.

2. Other chemical or common names include Sodium Orthophosphate; Tribasic sodium phosphate;

Trisodium orthophosphate; TSP*; Phosphate of soda*.

3. Potential Hazards: CORROSIVE TO FLESH.

4. Available from chemical supply house, grocery store or supermarket or hardware store.

B. Commercial paint remover, such as "Diedrich 400 - Enviro- Safe Strip" (Diedrich Technologies, Inc.), or approved equal.

C. For Glaze Remover:

1. Denatured Alcohol:

a. Other chemical or common names include Methylated spirit*.

b. Potential hazards: TOXIC AND FLAMMABLE.

c. Available from hardware store, paint store or printer's supply distributor.

d. Denatured alcohol should be a satisfactory substitute for ethyl alcohol for stain removing purposes.

2. Mineral Spirits:

a. A petroleum distillate that is used especially as a paint or varnish thinner.

b. Other chemical or common names include Benzine* (not Benzene); Naphtha*; Petroleum spirits*;

Solvent naphtha*.

c. Potential Hazards: TOXIC AND FLAMMABLE.

d. Safety Precautions:

1) AVOID REPEATED OR PROLONGED SKIN CONTACT.

2) ALWAYS wear rubber gloves when handling mineral spirits.

3) If any chemical is splashed onto the skin, wash immediately with soap and water.

e. Available from construction specialties distributor, hardware store, paint store, or printer's supply distributor.

3. Acetone (C3H6O):

a. A volatile fragrant flammable liquid ketone used chiefly as a solvent and in organic synthesis and found abnormally in urine.

b. Other chemical or common names include Dimethyl ketone; Propanone

c. Potential Hazards: VOLATILE AND FLAMMABLE SOLVENT

d. Available from chemical supply house or hardware store.

D. Clean, potable water

2.03 EQUIPMENT

A. Clean, dry cloths

B. Sponge or heavy-nap cloth

C. Soft, fiber bristle brushes

D. Putty knife

PART 3---EXECUTION

3.01 PREPARATION

A. Protection:

1. Protect surrounding surfaces from damage resulting from chemical cleaning and paint stripping work.

2. Dispose of by-products from cleaning and paint stripping operations by legal means and in manner which prevents damage to other surfaces.

3. Develop a work plan indicating recommended treatments for surfaces/areas.

B. Surface Preparation: Prior to cleaning and stripping work, remove cellophane tape, masking tape, etc.

from surface.

3.02 ERECTION, INSTALLATION, APPLICATION

A. Cleaning Existing Plaster Surfaces:

1. Mix TSP with warm water to create cleaning solution.

2. Scrub surface with a cloth, sponge or soft-fibered brush and cleaning solution.

a. Proceed with cleaning and stripping in an orderly manner; work from bottom to top of each surface and from one end of each surface to the other.

b. Perform each cleaning and stripping method indicated in a manner which results in uniform coverage of all surfaces, including corners, moldings, interstices and which produces an even effect without streaking or damage to surfaces.

3. Sponge rinse surface thoroughly using clean water to completely remove chemical residue and soil.

Change rinse water frequently.

a. Rinse off chemical residue and soil by working upwards from bottom to top of each surface and from one end of each surface to the other.

NOTE: THERE IS SOME DIFFERENCE OF OPINION AS TO WHETHER IT IS BEST TO WASH A WALL

WORKING FROM THE TOP DOWN OR FROM THE BOTTOM UP. BOTTOM UP IS SAFER BECAUSE

SOLUTION STREAKS RUNNING DOWN ON A DIRTY WALL CANNOT BE REMOVED. THE

IMPORTANT THING IS TO WORK DRY ENOUGH TO AVOID DRIPS.

4. Repeat process as required.

5. Wipe the surface with a dry clean cloth to prevent streaking.

B. Stripping Paint from Plaster Surfaces:

1. Carefully apply commercial stripper to painted surface with a brush. Follow manufacturer's instructions and precautions.

-OR-

Prepare a glaze remover: Mix 5 parts denatured alcohol, 3 parts mineral spirits and 1 part acetone and apply to the surface.

2. Allow commercial stripper or glaze remover to remain on surface for length of time recommended by manufacturer and required to emulsify paint build- up.

3. Carefully remove emulsified paint with a putty knife.

4. Repeat process as many times as required to remove paint build-up.

5. Neutralize chemical stripper by wiping surface with a cloth wet with clean water. Change water frequently.

3.02 ADJUSTING/CLEANING

A. Upon completion of this work, all floors, walls, and other adjacent surfaces that are stained, marred, or otherwise damaged by work under this section shall be cleaned and repaired and all work and the adjacent areas shall be left in a clean and perfect condition.

B. All completed work shall be adequately protected from damage by subsequent building operations and effects of weather. Protection shall be by methods recommended by the manufacturer of installed materials and as approved by the RHPO.

Chemically Removing Paint from Wood Features

PREFACE

Projects involving paint removal are subject to state and federal laws on lead paint abatement, disposal, and use of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Specified products may not be permitted or appropriate for all locations. Products containing chemicals known to present health or environmental hazards should be used only as a last resort, where permissible, in accordance with manufacturer's directions and government requirements. Test milder formulations for effectiveness before proceeding to stronger alternatives.

PART 1---GENERAL

1.01 SUMMARY

A. This specification provides guidance on removing paint from interior and exterior wood features using chemical methods.

B. Chemical strippers should be used on extremely intricate details that might be scorched by too long of an exposure to the blast from a heat gun. They are also useful as final cleanup after paint removal using one of the thermal methods. Follow manufacturer's instructions.

C. Safety Precautions:

1. Workers shall wear appropriate clothing to protect themselves against the harmful effects of paint stripping activity. Old paint layers will likely contain lead. Avoid breathing paint dust during removal.

2. No food or drink shall be allowed near any workstation so as to prevent contamination from paint chips, dust or chemical removers which contain lead and other toxic substances.

3. Protective clothing shall be removed at the end of each day and kept at the site to prevent workers from tracking dust and paint chips to other parts of the site or to their homes.

4. Wash hands and face often, especially before eating and at the end of the day.

D. Read "General Project Guidelines" along with this specification. These guidelines should be reviewed prior to performing this procedure and should be followed, when applicable, along with recommendations from the Regional Historic Preservation Officer (RHPO). The guidelines cover the following sections:

1. Safety Precautions

2. Historic Structures Precautions

3. Submittals

4. Quality Assurance

5. Delivery, Storage and Handling

6. Project/Site Conditions

7. Sequencing and Scheduling

8. General Protection (Surface and Surrounding)

E. See also "Supplemental Guidelines for Removing Paint from Interior and Exterior Wood Surfaces".

1.02 REFERENCES

A. AWI Quality Standard: Comply with applicable requirements of "Architectural Woodwork Quality Standards" 8th Edition (2005), published by the Architectural Woodwork Institute (AWI), except as otherwise indicated.

B. Information on VOC levels in paint removal products is available in "Guide to Choosing Paint Stripping Products: Safety Precautions" (May 2014), published by the California Department of Public Health, Hazard Evaluations System, and Information Service

1.03 DEFINITIONS

A. Chemical Methods: as used herein shall apply to the use of commercial chemical paint strippers.

1. "Do-it-yourself" chemicals available through local paint stores, hardware stores, building supply centers.

2. Professional, heavy-duty type used by paint removal contractors, generally only available through the manufacturer and/or qualified contractors. May also be available by special order from local paint stores.

B. Chemical paint strippers are divided into solvent-based, caustic-based, and alternative-based strippers.

1. Solvent-based: Most use methylene chloride to dissolve and swell varnish and/or paint film for removal. Some are water rinsable.

a. Liquid: fast working; best used on horizontal surfaces, or for clean-up when using thermal methods.

b. Semi-paste: good for vertical and overhead surfaces, rounded features, intricate details.

c. Will soften oil-based paints, lacquers, varnishes, and synthetic baked finishes.

d. Can be used on both hardwoods and softwoods without changing the color of the wood so that the feature can be refinished with a clear finish if desired.

e. Non-water-rinsible products are safe for use on most water-based wood glues.

f. Before refinishing, surface must be completely cleaned of stripper residue, but neutralization of the surface is not required.

g. Benzol is a highly toxic and highly flammable solvent often used in the past in formulating solvent-based paint and varnish removers. Due to the hazard, it poses, it is no longer recommended for use.

2. Caustic-based: Use sodium hydroxide, and to a lesser extent potassium hydroxide, to decompose the binder in the coating. Proprietary products are mostly for commercial rather than "do-it-yourself" use.

a. Liquid: used for dip-stripping of shutters, doors, furniture, etc.

b. Semi-paste: basis for most professional proprietary products; good or horizontal, vertical, and overhead surfaces, also intricate details.

c. Will work on most types of coatings from oil- based and latex paints to sophisticated epoxy- ester finishes. Check with manufacturer for appropriate usage.

d. Will darken hardwoods so should not be used on features made from oak, walnut, mahogany, and other hardwoods if a clear finish is to be used.

e. Because they are water-rinsible, caustic strippers will likely raise the grain on many woods so extra finish steps, such as sanding, may be required regardless of whether the surface is to be painted or given a clear finish.

f. Caustic strippers will dissolve many types of wood glues--a problem when stripping shutters, wood veneers, plywood, etc.

g. Surface must be neutralized with mild acid wash before refinishing.

3. Alternative-based: Water-based products which use nonflammable, biodegradable active ingredients to soften the paint. Most are water-rinsible or removed with common household cleaners. Active ingredients include dibasic acid esters. Products are typically in semi-paste form.

a. Separate formulas for clear finish removal versus paint removal.

b. Require considerably more time to soften the old finish than either methylene-chloride-based or caustic-based strippers.

c. Can be used on both hardwoods and softwoods without discoloring the wood.

1.04 DELIVERY, STORAGE AND HANDLING

All chemicals shall be stored in metal cabinets. No cans shall be left open or out of the cabinet overnight.

A. For Chemical Paint Removers:

1. The 3M Company

2. Diedrich Technologies, Inc.

Schenectady, NY

1-800-283-3888

NOTE: Diedrich Technologies paint removers are only available through authorized suppliers and contractors

3.

3. Dumond Chemicals, Inc.

West Chester, PA (corporate office)

1-800-245-1191 or 609-655-7700 info@dumondglobal.com

4.

4. Old Master's

Orange City, IA

51041

1-800-747-3436 or

712-737-3436

5.

5. Savogran Company

Norwood, MA

1-800-225-9872

6.

6. W. M. Barr & Co.

Memphis, TN

1-800-398-3892

B. For Fumed Silica:

1. Evonik (Aerosil) tel:+1%20800-283-3888 tel:+1%20800-245-1191 tel:+1%20609-655-7700 mailto:info@dumondglobal.com tel:+1%20800-747-3436 tel:+1%20712-737-3436 tel:+1%20800-225-9872 tel:+1%20800-398-3892

2. Cabot Corporation (Cab-o-sil)

3. Dow Corning (Wacker Chemie)

4. OCI (Konasil)

2.02 MATERIALS

NOTE: Chemical products are sometimes sold under a common name. This usually means that the substance is not as pure as the same chemical sold under its chemical name. The grade of purity of common name substances, however, is usually adequate for stain removal work, and these products should be purchased when available, as they tend to be less expensive. Common names are indicated below by an asterisk (*).

A. Paint removers such as any of the following:

1. Paint Removers with low or no VOCs:

a. 10101 Safest Stripper Paint And Varnish Remover (alternative-based, the 3M Company)

b. Envirestrip Environmental Paint Remover (alternative-based, Diedrich Technologies, Inc.)

c. Enviro Klean Safety Peel 1 (alternative-based, ProSoCo, Inc.)

d. Smart Strip (alternative-based, Dumond Chemicals, Inc.)

NOTE: methylene chloride-free products will require longer dwell times on surfaces than that required for products that contain methylene chloride as their main active ingredient.

-OR-

2.

2. Paint removers with intermediate levels of VOCs:

a. Peel Away 1 (caustic-based, Dumond Chemicals, Inc.)

b. Peel Away 7 (solvent-based, Dumond Chemicals, Inc.)

c. Biodegradable Strypeeze (alternative-based, Savogran Company)

-OR-

3.

3. "Last Resort" paint removers (products that have been traditionally used but have high

VOCs):

a. Original Semi-paste Strypeeze (solvent-based, Savogran Company)

b. Klean Strip Premium Stripper and Premium Sprayable Stripper (W. M. Barr &

Co.)

c. TM-4 Heavy Duty Remover (solvent-based, Old Master's)

d. 505 Special Coatings Stripper (solvent-based, Diedrich Technologies, Inc.)

NOTE: The above four products contain methylene chloride, a known carcinogen.

Methylene chloride is banned in some states such as California. Regulatory information as well as alternative or equivalent chemicals may be requested from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Regional Office and/or the State Office of Environmental Quality.

e.

e.

e. 606 Multi-Layer Paint Remover (caustic-based, Diedrich Technologies, Inc.)

B. Plastic sheeting C. Cornstarch or fumed silica such as "Cab-o-sil" (Samuel Cabot, Inc.), or approved equal.

1. Used to thicken chemicals so they will adhere to vertical surfaces and ceilings.

2. Fumed silica is also used as a filler in epoxy repairs.

3. Available from grocery store.

D. Denatured alcohol (to remove last traces of chemical residue):

1. Other chemical or common names include Methylated spirit*.

2. Potential hazards: TOXIC AND FLAMMABLE.

3. Available from hardware store, paint store or printer's supply distributor.

4. Denatured alcohol should be a satisfactory substitute for ethyl alcohol for stain removing purposes.

E. For caustic-based paint strippers, neutralizer as recommended by paint stripper manufacturer, to return surface to neutral pH prior to refinishing.

F. Steel wool, cheese cloth, or other cloths for final clean-up.

G. Phenolphthalein: Used to test pH of a surface after stripping with alkaline chemicals. Available at some drug stores or chemical supply houses

2.03 EQUIPMENT

A. Steel wool, scrapers and small picks to remove sludge.

B. Metal containers such as old coffee cans to dispose of sludge.

C. Putty knives and paint scrapers (of different shapes and flexibility).

D. Natural bristle brushes or plastic spatulas as recommended by paint stripper manufacturer to apply stripper.

E. Duct tape.

F. Spray equipment (only if recommended or provided by manufacturer).

PART 3---EXECUTION

3.01 EXAMINATION

A. One of the main reasons for paint failure is excess moisture, both from internal and external sources. Before work is begun on removing the existing paint film or otherwise preparing the surface, all flashing and gutters and downspouts shall be inspected and repaired or replaced as required. Make provisions as required for removing excess moisture from areas of high humidity.

B. All wood elements shall be carefully inspected for rot and, if deteriorated, marked for later replacement, after the paint has been removed.

3.02 PREPARATION

A. Protection

1. General: Comply with recommendations of manufacturers of paint strippers for protecting surrounding building surfaces against damage from exposure to their products.

2. Protect adjacent surfaces, including grass, shrubs and trees with paper, drop cloths and other means. Items not painted which are in contact with or adjacent to painted surfaces shall be removed or protected prior to surface preparation and painting operations.

3. All waste material shall be collected at the end of each work day and disposed of in a manner consistent with local environmental regulations. It is considered Hazardous Waste.

4. Work area shall be sealed to prevent the spread of paint dust and debris beyond the work site.

5. All rags shall be disposed of nightly and removed from the building.

6. Adequate ventilation should be provided in each area where solvents and strippers are used.

7. A fully charged fire extinguisher suitable for solvent fires shall be kept in each area where work is going on.

8. Contractor shall provide multiple fans with high CFM to move fumes out of the building and away from areas where work is being done.

9. Compressor motors, heat lamps, etc., must be of explosion proof type.

10. No spraying of solvents or strippers permitted unless specifically allowed by the manufacturer of the product being used.

11. Do not operate a building's central heating system while stripping interior wood features using chemicals, or for several days afterwards. Chloride compounds in the vapors of these removers can combine with the combustion air and move into the furnace-burner compartment of the heating system. Chemical reactions occur with the flue gasses which create highly corrosive acids which can condense on the heat exchanger, vent piping, etc. Once started, the corrosion created by this acid, cannot be stopped.

12. After paint removal is complete, all areas around the site shall be cleaned of all paint dust and debris, and such debris shall be properly disposed of in a manner consistent with local environmental regulations. Vacuums used to clean up dust shall be equipped with High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filters.

B. Surface Preparation: Use scrapers of a variety of sizes and shapes, whose edges have been rounded, to remove loose paint before removal using chemicals.

3.03 ERECTION, INSTALLATION, APPLICATION

NOTE: WORK IN WELL-VENTILATED AREA TO AVOID INHALATION OF TOXIC FUMES.

A. Lay the chemicals onto the surface in the manner and amount recommended by the manufacturer.

B. Allow to sit or "dwell" according to the manufacturer's instructions. If required, cover with plastic wrap.

C. Remove the sludge using scrappers and steel wool. A second application may be required on those areas where paint is especially thick and/or the detail is intricate.

D. After removal has been completed, rub all surfaces down with denatured alcohol or water (for water-rinsable strippers only) to remove all traces of chemical residue.

1. For solvent-based strippers:

a. Most solvent-based chemicals also contain wax to help retard evaporation during the dwell period. Unless completely removed, this wax will inhibit the performance of the new finish.

b. Thoroughly rub all surfaces, and especially deep crevices, with denatured alcohol to remove all traces of remover. Mineral spirits will work as well, but it may also leave a somewhat oily residue.

2. For caustic-based strippers:

a. Carefully and completely neutralize feature as directed by manufacturer to return surfaces to a neutral pH.

b. To test whether all chemicals have been removed dissolve a 2" piece of phenolphthalein in denatured alcohol.

c. Brush the solution onto the surface. If it turns a shade from pink to magenta there is still chemical residue.

d. Treat the surface with additional neutralizer and continue testing until there is no color change in the phenolphthalein solution. This test will work with any alkaline product.

e. Testing the damp surface with litmus paper until a pH level of 7 is achieved will also work if phenolphthalein is not available.

3. For alternative-based strippers: These products contain neither waxes nor strong alkalis so clean-up is simplified. Follow manufacturer's instructions for removal or residue.

E. For guidance on repainting or refinishing wood features, see:

1. "Primers and Paints for Wood"

2. "Surface Preparation for Painting Wood"

3. "General Guidelines for Painting Exterior and Interior Surfaces"

4. "Refinishing Interior Wood"

3.04 ADJUSTING/CLEANING

A. Upon completion of this work, all floors, walls and other adjacent surfaces that are stained, marred, otherwise damaged by work shall be cleaned and repaired and all work and the adjacent areas shall be left in a clean and orderly condition.

B. All completed work shall be adequately protected from damage by subsequent building operations and effects of weather. Protection shall be by methods recommended by the manufacturer of installed materials and as approved by the Architect.

Surface Preparation for Painting Wood

PART 1---GENERAL

1.01 SUMMARY

A. This specification provides guidance on preparing wood surfaces for painting.

B. Wood surfaces scheduled to be refinished with a transparent finish shall have existing coating stripped and sanded prior to application of new coatings.

C. Wood surfaces scheduled to be finished with an opaque finish shall either be stripped or sanded as required to produce a smooth substrate for application of the new coatings.

D. See also:

1. "Primers and Paints for Wood"

2. "General Guidelines for Painting Exterior and Interior Surfaces"

3. "Supplemental Guidelines for Removing Paint from Interior and Exterior Wood Surfaces"

4. "Chemically Removing Paint from Wood Features"

5. "Removing Paint from Wood Features Using Thermal Methods"

PART 2---PRODUCTS

2.01 MANUFACTURERS

A. American International Tool

Cranston, RI

1-800-932-5872

B. Benjamin Moore

Montvale, NJ

855-724-6802

C. PPG Architectural Coatings tel:+1%20800-932-5872 tel:+1%20855-724-6802

1-800-441-9695

2.02 MATERIALS

NOTE: Chemical products are sometimes sold under a common name. This usually means that the substance is not as pure as the same chemical sold under its chemical name. The grade of purity of common name substances, however, is usually adequate for stain removal work, and these products should be purchased when available, as they tend to be less expensive. Common names are indicated below by an asterisk (*).

A. Paste Wood Filler: Solvent-based, air-drying, paste-type wood filler for use on open-grain wood on interior wood surfaces such as "Benwood Wood Grain Filler 238" (Benjamin Moore) or approved equal.

B. Trisodium Phosphate (TSP):

CAUTION: TSP IS BANNED IN SOME STATES. REGULATORY INFORMATION AND

INFORMATION ON ALTERNATIVE OR EQUIVALENT CHEMICALS MAY BE REQUESTED

FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (EPA) REGIONAL OFFICE AND/OR

THE STATE OFFICE OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY.

1.

1. TSP is a strong base-type powdered cleaning chemical sold under several brand names.

2. Other chemical or common names include Sodium Orthophosphate; Tribasic sodium phosphate; Trisodium orthophosphate; TSP*; Phosphate of soda. Available from chemical supply house, grocery store, supermarket or hardware store.

3. Products sold as substitutes for TSP may contain soda ash (sodium carbonate) and/or zeolites.

a. However, sodium carbonate is not as strongly basic as trisodium phosphate, making it less effective in demanding applications.

b. Zeolites are used in laundry detergents and rapidly break down in water, claiming to be essentially nonpolluting.

4. Potential Hazards: CAUSTIC TO FLESH, DAMAGING TO THROAT IF INHALED.

5. Safety Precautions: Wear proper personal protective equipment, and avoid inhalation, contact with skin and eyes, and do not ingest.

-OR-

C. Non-ammoniated detergent such as "Tide"

-OR-

D. Liquid bleach containing 5% sodium hypochlorite (common household bleach) E. Boiled linseed oil F. Pure steam-distilled turpentine (must be clean and clear so that it will not adversely affect the texture or durability of the paint) G. Caulking Compound (listed in order of recommended usage):

1. Polyurethanes

a. Easily workable

b. Paintable

c. 15-20 year life span

d. Limited availability

2. Polysulfides

a. Slow-drying

b. Can be sanded and painted tel:+1%20800-441-9695

c. Highly elastic

d. Limited availability (most frequently used for marine repairs)

3. Butyls

a. Paintable

b. Cannot be sanded

c. 7-10 year life span

4. Silicones

a. Some can be painted

b. Generally cannot be sanded

5. Acrylic Latex:

a. Paintable

b. 5-10 year lifespan

H. Clean, potable water

2.02 EQUIPMENT

A. Sanding blocks, sanding sponges, orbital sander, all with a variety of grits.

B. HEPA-rated sanding vacuum.

C. Stiff, natural and nylon bristle brushes

PART 3---EXECUTION

3.01 PREPARATION

A. Protection: Spot-prime exposed ferrous metals such as exposed nails heads that could come in contact with surfaces that are to be painted over with water-based paints. Use a suitable corrosion-inhibiting primer capable of preventing flash rusting and compatible with the coating being used.

B. Lead paint hazards

1. NOTE: SANDING DUST MAY CONTAIN LEAD; REGULATIONS PROVIDED BY THE

EPA REGIONAL OFFICE AND/OR THE STATE OFFICE OF ENVIRONMENTAL

QUALITY CONCERNING THE HANDLING OF LEAD-BASE PAINT MUST BE

FOLLOWED.

2. NOTE: SURFACES SHOULD BE TESTED FOR LEAD CONTENT IN ADVANCE OF

WORK. IF THE TEST IS POSITIVE AND YOU ARE NOT CERTIFIED TO HANDLE

LEAD-ABATEMENT TASKS, IT IS ILLEGAL FOR YOU TO PERFORM FURTHER

WORK.

a. As of 2010, those who perform indoor or outdoor renovation, repair, and painting projects that disturb lead-based paint in various facilities that were built before 1978 must be certified through the EPA, trained, and follow specific work practices to prevent lead contamination.

b. Violators can be fined up to $37,500 per occurrence, per day.

3. For further lead paint abatement information, consult resources produced by leading experts, including the EPA, HUD, NCPTT and the Building Research Council.

C. Surface Preparation:

1. Lightly sand all surfaces, either by hand or with a sheet orbital sander, using fine grade sandpaper.

a. Chemical paint removers often raise the wood grain. Any rough fibers of raised grain will need to be sanded smooth as they will otherwise weaken the paint film causing premature paint failure.

b. Thermal methods of paint removal often leave behind hard particles of paint residue. These will also need to be removed prior to repainting to ensure a smooth paint finish.

c. Other paint removal technologies include steam generators (like those used for wallpaper removal) and infrared paint stripping.

2. If only limited paint removal is required, feather edges of sound paint to provide a smooth transition between the old and the new paint. Use either hand methods or a sheet orbital sander.

NOTE: BELT SANDERS SHOULD ONLY BE USED BY EXPERIENCED PERSONNEL.

THEY WORK VERY QUICKLY AND IT IS EASY TO DAMAGE THE WOOD SUBSTRATE

IF THEY ARE NOT USED CAREFULLY.

D. Scrape and clean small, dry, seasoned knots and apply a thin coat of white shellac or other recommended knot sealer before application of putty or plastic wood filler to finish surface imperfections. Sand smooth when dried.

E. Fill all nail holes, voids, surface defects, etc. prior to refinishing.

1. Putty stop holes where nails are set and screws countersunk on all finished woodwork.

2. Use putty or spackle to repair voids, cracks, minor splits, and similar surface defects in finished woodwork that is to be painted or stain-varnish finished.

F. Recondition wood to ensure a tight bond between the new paint and the wood. Wood that is not reconditioned after paint removal may absorb too much of the binder in the paint, resulting in poor binding of the prime coat.

1. Mix 2 parts boiled linseed oil with 1 part pure steam-distilled turpentine.

2. Apply liberally with a brush and allow to dry.

3. Repeat as necessary until dry surface has a slight sheen.

G. If all paint has not been removed, wash the painted surfaces to remove all grease, dirt and mildew, and to ensure adequate adhesion of the prime coat.

1. Traditionally, a solution of 3 quarts warm water mixed with 2/3 cup trisodium phosphate (TSP) and 1/2 cup NON-AMMONIATED detergent has been used for this cleaning process. Before attempting this, be sure to read the TSP cautions in 2.02 B. above, and consider alternatives to TSP use.

2. To combat a mildew problem, add 1 quart of liquid bleach to solution. For stubborn mildew, straight bleach may be necessary.

3. Scrub surfaces with a medium bristle brush and rinse with clean, clear water. Make sure the surface is completely rinsed before painting.

4. NOTE: WHEN TSP IS MIXED WITH WATER, IT FORMS FREE ALKALI. THIS FREE

ALKALI WILL CAUSE OIL-BASED PAINTS TO BECOME SOAPY SO THAT THEY WILL

NOT STICK TO THE SUBSTRATE. RINSE SUBSTRATE THOROUGHLY WITH CLEAN

WATER BEFORE PROCEEDING.

5. NOTE: DETERGENTS THAT CONTAIN SODIUM CARBONATES WILL ALSO

PREVENT OIL-BASED PAINTS FROM STICKING TO SUBSTRATE AND SHOULD

THEREFORE BE AVOIDED OR THOROUGHLY RINSED. CHECK LABELS FOR

INGREDIENTS.

6. CAUTION: DO NOT MIX AMMONIA WITH CHLORINE BLEACH. A POISONOUS GAS

WILL RESULT! For the same reason, do not utilize bleach on bird droppings.

H. Apply a water repellent or water repellant preservative (WRP) to all exterior items that are subject to extreme weather conditions, that are especially dry or that may have been consolidated.

1. These exterior items include windows, cornices, or other severely peeling or exposed wood features.

2. See "Preparing a Non-Toxic Water-Repellent Preservative" and "Applying a Water- Repellent Preservative to Wood" for guidance on preparation and application.

3. It is generally beneficial to apply a water repellent or a water repellent preservative to any unpainted wood that is to be repainted, but especially to exposed exterior wood.

I. Caulk any end grain wood that will be subject to water infiltration and any places where wood trim pieces or door and window frames meet wall surfaces.

J. Wood trim which has been removed, or new pieces to be installed, may be "back-primed," i.e.

painted along the end grain for additional moisture-proofing. When transparent finish is required, back prime with spar varnish.

General Guidelines for painting Exterior and Interior Surfaces

PART 1---GENERAL

1.01 SUMMARY

A. This procedure includes general guidelines for painting and finishing interior and exterior surfaces.

General descriptions pertaining to surface preparation, priming and application of finish coats are also provided herein, where called for, should be used along with shop priming and surface treatment specified in other procedures.

B. Paint exposed surfaces whether or not colors are designated in "schedules," except where a surface or material is specifically shown not to be painted or is to remain natural. Where an item or surface is not specifically mentioned, paint the same as similar adjacent materials or surfaces. If color or finish is not designated, the contracting officer will select from standard colors or finishes available.

C. Painting is not required on prefinished items, finished metal surfaces, concealed surfaces (except as may be specified in other repair procedures) and operating parts. Do not paint over Underwriter's Laboratories, Factory Mutual or other code-required labels or equipment name, identification, performance rating, or nomenclature plates.

D. For guidance on surface preparation, see the following (references are to GSA Technical Documents):

1. For wood, see 06300-02-R.

2. For iron and steel, see 05010-05-R.

E. For general information on primers and paints, see the following:

1. For wood, see 06300-01-S.

2. For iron and steel, see 05010-13-S.

F. For guidance on paint removal, see the following:

1. For wood, see 06400-07-R, 06400-02-S, 06400-09-R.

2. For iron and steel, see 05010-05-R, 05010-16-R and 05010-17-R.

3. For masonry, see 04211-14-R.

1.02 DEFINITIONS

A. "Paint" includes coating systems materials, primers, emulsions, enamels, stains, sealers and fillers, and other applied materials whether used as prime, intermediate, or finish coats.

1.03 SUBMITTALS

A. Product Data: (Submit to the appropriate Cultural Resources Manager (CRM) or designated representative for approval)

1. Provide manufacturers' technical information, label analysis, and application instructions for each material proposed for use.

2. List each material and cross-reference the specific coating and finish system and application.

Identify each material by the manufacturer's catalog number and general classification.

B. Samples: Provide samples of each color and material to be applied, with texture to simulate actual conditions, on representative samples of the actual substrate.

1. Define each separate coat, including block fillers and primers. Use representative colors when preparing samples for review. Resubmit until required sheen, color, and texture is achieved.

2. Provide a list of materials and application for each coat of each sample. Label each sample as to location and application.

1.04 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Qualifications: Restoration Specialist: Work must be done by a firm having not less than 10 years' successful experience in comparable painting restoration/rehabilitation projects and employing personnel skilled in the processes and operations indicated.

B. Source of Materials: Provide primers and undercoat paint produced by the same manufacturer as the finish coats. Primers and undercoat paints shall be made to be used with the selected finish coat.

C. Regulatory Requirements:

1. Codes and Standards: Comply with all pertinent codes and regulations, including the minimum standards for materials and application as set forth in the Architectural Specifications Manual, latest edition as published by Specification Services, Washington State Council Painting and Decorating Contractors of America (PDCA), 23830 Pacific Hwy. S., Suite 102, Kent, WA 98032, 206-878-6630.

2. Comply with applicable recommendations of the Steel Structures Painting Council (SSPC) and PDCA's Architectural Specifications Manual.

3. Where choice of painting method is to be selected from several options in SSPC and PDCA recommendations, obtain contracting officer's representatives review and approval before start of work.

D. Field Samples: On wall surfaces and other exterior and interior components, duplicate finishes of prepared samples.

1. Provide full-coat finish samples on at least 200 sq. ft. minimum of surface until required sheen, color and texture are obtained.

2. Simulate finished lighting conditions for review of in place work.

tel:+1%20206-878-6630

3. Final acceptance of colors will be from job-applied samples.

4. The contracting officer's representatives will select one room or surface to represent surfaces and conditions for each type of coating and substrate to be painted.

a. Apply coatings in this room or surface according to the schedule or as specified.

b. After finishes are accepted, this room or surface will be used for evaluation of coating systems of a similar nature.

E. Coordination of Work:

1. Review other sections in which primers are provided to ensure compatibility of the total systems for various substrates.

2. On request, furnish information on characteristics of finish materials to ensure use of compatible primers.

3. Notify the contracting officer of problems anticipated using the materials specified.

F. Inspections and Tests: Work in this procedure is subject to inspection and testing according to the provisions of the Architectural Specifications Manual, latest edition. Payment for inspection and testing service is responsibility of the contractor. Notify Inspection Agency at least four full working days before starting work. Allow full access to the work and give full cooperation always with the Inspection Agency in the performance of their duties in inspection and testing of the work.

1. The Inspection Agency will make field control tests specified after this for surfaces requiring painting and finishing and shall notify the specifying authority, in writing, of any defects or problems before starting work in this specification, or after failure of, or defects in, the prime coat or substrate provided by other trades. Furnish approved or alternate materials for testing, from the source or job site, upon request of the Inspection Agency.

G. Inspection Agency: Paint testing and inspection shall be done by an independent Inspection Agency acceptable to the specifying authority and as endorsed by specification service.

H. Material Quality:

1. Provide the manufacturer's best quality trade sale paint material of the various coating types specified. Paint material containers not displaying manufacturers' product identification will not be acceptable.

2. Federal Specifications establish a minimum quality level for paint materials, except where other product identification is used. Provide written certification from the manufacturer that materials provided meet or exceed these criteria.

3. Products that comply with qualitative requirements of applicable Federal Specifications, yet differ in quantitative requirements, may be considered for use when acceptable to the contracting officer's representative. Furnish material data and manufacturer's certificate of performance to contracting officer's representative for proposed substitutions.

1.05 DELIVERY, STORAGE AND HANDLING

A. Packing and Shipping: Deliver materials to the job site in the manufacturer's original, unopened packages and containers bearing manufacturers' name and label and the following information:

1. Product name or title of material

2. Product description (generic classification or binder type)

3. Federal Specification number, if applicable

4. Manufacturers' stock number and date of manufacture

5. Contents by volume, for pigment and vehicle constituents

6. Thinning instructions

7. Application instructions

8. Color, name and number

B. Storage and Protection:

1. Store materials not in use in tightly covered containers in a well-ventilated area at a minimum ambient temperature of 45 degrees F. (7 degrees C.). Maintain containers used in storage in a clean condition, free of foreign materials and residue.

2. Protect from freezing. Keep storage area neat and orderly. Remove oily rags and waste daily.

Take necessary measures to ensure that workers and work areas are protected from fire and health hazards resulting from handling, mixing, and application.

3. Do not open containers of coatings or components unless for immediate use. Keep containers closed when not in use.

1.06 PROJECT/SITE CONDITIONS

A. Environmental Requirements:

1. Apply water-based paints only when the temperature of surfaces to be painted and surrounding air temperatures are between 500 F. (100 C.) and 900 F.(320 C.). Do not apply if, within 24 hours after application, temperature is expected to fall below 400 F. (40 C.).

2. Apply solvent-thinned paints only when the temperature of surfaces to be painted and surrounding air temperatures are between 450 F. (70 C.) and 950 F. (350 C.).

3. Do not apply paint in snow, rain, fog or mist when the relative humidity exceeds 85%, at temperatures less than 50 F. (30 C.) above the dew point, or to damp or wet surfaces.

4. Painting may continue during inclement weather if surfaces and areas to be painted are enclosed and heated within temperature limits specified by the manufacturer during applications and drying periods.

5. Do not apply paint when dust is present.