20088.00 Smoke Purge Guidelines Standards.pdf

MDOC Correctional Facilities Standards and Regulations

DIVISION 23 – MDOC Smoke Purge Guidelines

PART 1 – GENERAL

1.1 SUMMARY

A. This smoke purge guideline is intended for dedicated smoke purge systems for axisymmetric planes for prison facilities located in the State of Michigan. The guideline includes the following:

1. Definitions

2. Submittals

3. Quality Insurances

4. Products

5. Executions

1.2 DEFINITIONS

Axisymmetric Plane – A column of smoke that rises above a fire, does not come into contact with walls or other obstacles, and is not disrupted or deflected by airflow

Compensated System – A system that adjusts for changing conditions either by modulating supply airflows or by relieving excess pressure

Design Pressure Difference – The desired pressure difference between the protected space and an adjacent space measured at the boundary of the protected space under a specified set of conditions with the smoke control system operating.

Fire Fighters’ Smoke Control System – A system that provides graphical monitoring and manual overriding capability over smoke control systems and equipment at designated location(s) within the building for use by the fire department.

Fire Alarm System – A system that has several addressable devices working together to detect and warn people through visual and audio appliances when smoke, fire, carbon monoxide or other emergencies are present. These alarms may be activated automatically from smoke detectors, and heat detectors or may also be activated via manual fire alarm activation devices such as manual call points or pull stations.

NFPA – The National Fire Protection Association

Smoke Control Zone – A space within a building enclosed by smoke barriers, including the top and bottom, that is part of a zoned smoke control system.

Smoke Detector – A fire-protection device that automatically detects and gives a warning of the presence of smoke.

Smoke Layer – A accumulated thickness of smoke below a physical or thermal barrier.

Smoke Barrier – A continuous membrane, either vertical or horizontal, such as a wall, floor, or ceiling assembly, that is designed and constructed to restrict the movement of smoke in conjunction with a smoke control system.

Smoke Zone – The smoke control zone in which the fire is located.

Plugholing – The condition where air from below the smoke layer is pulled through the smoke layer into the smoke exhaust due to a high exhaust rate.

1.3 SUBMITTALS

A. Product Data: Submit each item in this Article. Refer to individual product specification index for common installation and product data. Submittals must include the additional accessories listed in the product data.

1. Exhaust Fan

2. Means of Outdoor Air Intake

3. Differential Pressure Monitors

4. Smoke Detectors

5. Dampers

6. Controls

1.4 QUALITY INSURANCE

A. The system must be designed to be a compensated system in accordance to

NFPA 72, NFPA 92, and NFPA 101.

PART 2 – PRODUCTS

2.1 EXHAUST FANS

A. The exhaust fan must a UL smoke listed up blast exhaust fan with the following accessories:

1. Gravity backdraft damper

2. Roof curb with security bars

3. Hinged subbase

4. 1.5 times belts required to operate

2.2 OUTDOOR AIR INTAKE

A. Means of outdoor intake can be achieved by either of the following products:

1. Intake Hood with security bars

2. Intake Louver with security bars

2.3 SMOKE DETECTORS

A. Smoke detectors must be zone and monitored per each smoke control zone.

2.4 DAMPERS

A. Outdoor Air Intake Damper

B. Supply Air Damper(s) for associated supply ductwork serving the smoke control zone

2.5 DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE MONITORS

A. Differential pressure monitors to monitor the following:

1. Smoke control zone & Ambient pressure

2. Pressure difference between smoke control zones (If applicable)

2.6 INTAKE/EXHAUST GRILLES

A. The security grilles must be 14-gauge steel with continuously welded or formed seams with the following accessories:

1. Grilles to mounted with a welded mounting angle frame. If installation does not allow for welded mounting angel frame countersunk screw holes in face of grille with tamperproof screws are acceptable if approved by the facility on a case by case basis.

2. Opposed blade balance damper

2.7 SMOKE PURGE CONTROLS

A. The smoke purge controls must include each of the following:

1. Manual Activation and Deactivation

2. Automatic Activation

3. Fire Fighters’ Smoke Control Station

PART 3 – EXECUTION

3.1 CONTROLS

A. The smoke purge controls shall operate in the following way:

1. Manual Activation and Deactivation should enable/disable the smoke control system.

2. Automatically activated operations shall override the normal building control functions and any manually entered BAS commands.

3. Firefighter’s smoke control manual key functions are to have the highest priority and shall override any Automatic and/or normal operation building controls.

3.2 SEQUENCE OF OPERATION

A. During normal operating mode the smoke control exhaust fan is to remain off, outdoor intake damper to remain closed, and the supply ductwork dampers to remain open.

B. The smoke detectors shall be programed for each smoke control zone. When smoke is detected, the fire alarm panel relays the signal to the BAS to activate the smoke control zone where the fire is located.

C. After the Smoke Purge System has been activated the BAS shall complete the following task:

1. Modulate the outdoor intake air damper 100% open and close the associated supply duct dampers located in smoke control zone. Prove that the outdoor air intake damper has been open.

2. Once the outdoor air intake damper has been proven open, the BAS shall start the smoke purge exhaust fan.

3. After the exhaust fan has been started, the outdoor air intake damper shall modulate as needed to maintain a negative 0.05” wc pressure differential between the smoke control zone and the adjacent space(s). if multiple smoke purges systems are operating simultaneously then the associated outdoor air intake dampers shall modulate as needed to maintain a negative 0.05” wc pressure differential between the smoke control zones and the outdoors.

4. Monitor fan status with current sensing relay and alarm BAS if fan fails.

Whenever the Smoke Purge System is activated an alarm shall be generated on the BAS and to Central Control making the facility know that the Smoke

Purge System is operating.

D. Air Handling Units

1. If the air handling unit(s) serving the smoke control zone are 100% outdoor air, the existing housing units central air handling unit and exhaust fan shall remain operating under normal operating conditions.

2. If the air handling unit(s) serving the smoke control zone have return air, the existing air handling unit shall close its return air damper and open its relief and outdoor air dampers and remain operating. All other air handling units shall remain operating under normal operating conditions.

3.3 SYSTEM DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

A. The system shall be designed in accordance to NFPA 92.

B. Smoke Layer Depth: The smoke layer depth must not be greater than 20% of the floor-to-ceiling height measured from the ceiling down. Refer to NFPA 92, Chapter 5.5.1.

C. Exhaust Inlets: The number of exhaust inlets shall be determined so that the maximum flow rates for exhaust without plugholing are not exceeded. A safety factor of 1.25 should be used in calculating the exhaust inlets. Refer to NFPA 92, Chapter 5.6.

D. The highest heat release density rate of the material burning shall be used in the design. A safety factor of 3 should be used in the heat release rate used in the design.

E. Make up air is outdoor air either supplied by openings to the outside or by mechanical fans. Makeup air should be sized at 85% to 95% of the mass flow rate of the smoke exhaust. Per section 4.4.4.1.4 in NFPA 92, the makeup air velocity shall not exceed 200 ft/min where the makeup air could come into contact with the plume unless a higher makeup air velocity is supported by engineering analysis.

F. Pressure difference across doors shall not cause the maximum force permitted to begin opening the door to exceed the value stipulated in NFPA 101 or State or local codes and regulations.

G. BAS system graphic must display exhaust fan status, exhaust fan alarm status, outdoor air damper position, supply air damper position, pressure differential pressures between adjacent space or outdoors depending on the situation described earlier, and smoke purge system activation alarm.

H. Fire alarm system shall have push button controls located on the main fire alarm control panel and the remote annunciator panel for smoke control system. The display screens on the panels shall be programed so that they display what smoke control system is active. Proved a signal to the building automation system upon smoke detection in the smoke control zone. All fire alarm wire and conduit shall be red per MDOC standards. Meet all NFPA 72 code requirements.

I. Manual keyed switches shall be ICMAUX # ICMAUXKS (SSU02523) or proved equal. The switch shall have proper identifications indicating the smoke control that its associated with.