2. Specifications - Section 37.pdf

37 BITUMINOUS SEALS

37-1 GENERAL

37-1.01 GENERAL

37-1.01A Summary Section 37-1 includes general specifications for applying seal coats.

37-1.01B Definitions Reserved

37-1.01C Submittals At least 10 days before the preconstruction meeting submit a list of participants in the preconstruction meeting. Provide each participant's name, employer, title, and role in the production and placement of the seal coats.

At least 10 days before starting seal coat activities, submit the names of the authorized laboratories for quality control testing.

For each delivery of asphalt binder or asphaltic emulsion to the job site, submit a certificate of compliance and a copy of the specified test results.

For a seal coat that uses crumb rubber modifier, submit a Crumb Rubber Usage Report form monthly and at the end of project.

37-1.01D Quality Assurance 37-1.01D(1) General For aggregate testing, quality control laboratories must be in compliance with the Department's Independent Assurance Program to be an authorized laboratory. Quality control personnel must be qualified under the Department's Independent Assurance Program.

For emulsion testing, quality control laboratories must participate in the AASHTO re:source proficiency sample program.

37-1.01D(2) Preconstruction Meeting Hold a preconstruction meeting within 5 days before start of seal coat work at a mutually agreed time and place with the Engineer and your:

1. Project superintendent

2. Project foreman

3. Traffic control foreman

Make arrangements for the conference facility. Preconstruction meeting participants must sign an attendance sheet provided by the Engineer. Be prepared to discuss:

1. Quality control testing

2. Acceptance testing

3. Seal coat placement

4. Proposed application rates for asphaltic emulsion or asphalt binder and aggregate.

5. Training on placement methods

6. Checklist of items for proper placement

7. Unique issues specific to the project, including:

7.1. Weather

7.2. Alignment and geometrics

7.3. Traffic control requirements

7.4. Haul distances

7.5. Presence and absence of shaded areas

7.6. Any other local conditions

8. Contingency plan for material deliveries, equipment breakdowns, and traffic handling

9. Who in the field has authority to adjust application rates and how adjustments will be documented

10. Schedule of sweepings

SECTION 37 BITUMINOUS SEALS

37-1.02 MATERIALS

Not Used

37-1.03 CONSTRUCTION

37-1.03A General If seal coat activities affect access to public parking, residential property, or commercial property, post signs at 100-foot intervals on the affected streets. Signs must display No Parking – Tow Away. Signs must state the dates and hours parking or access will be restricted. Notify residents, businesses, and local agencies at least 24 hours before starting activities. The notice must:

1. Describe the work to be performed

2. Detail streets and limits of activities

3. Indicate dates and work hours

4. Be authorized

Asphaltic emulsion or asphalt binder for seal coats may be reheated if necessary. After loading the asphaltic emulsion or asphalt binder into a truck for transport to the job site, do not heat asphaltic emulsion above 160 degrees F and asphalt rubber binder above 425 degrees F. During reheating, circulate or agitate the asphaltic emulsion or asphalt binder to prevent localized overheating.

Except for fog seals, apply quick setting Grade 1 asphaltic emulsions at a temperature from 75 to 130 degrees F and apply quick setting Grade 2 asphaltic emulsions at a temperature from 110 to 185 degrees F.

You determine the application rates for asphaltic emulsion or asphalt binder and aggregate and the Engineer authorizes the application rates.

37-1.03B Equipment A self-propelled distributor truck for applying asphaltic emulsion or asphalt binder must be equipped with:

1. Pressure-type system with insulated tanks with circulating unit

2. Spray bars:

2.1. With minimum length of 9 feet and full-circulating type

2.2. With full-circulating-type extensions if needed to cover a greater width

2.3. Adjustable to allow positioning at various heights above the surface to be treated

2.4. Operated by levers such that 1 or all valves may be quickly opened or closed in one operation

3. Devices and charts to provide for accurate and rapid determination and control of asphaltic emulsion or asphalt binder quantities being applied. Include an auxiliary wheel type meter that registers:

3.1. Speed in ft/min

3.2. Trip by count

3.3. Total distance in feet

4. Distribution system:

4.1. Capable of producing a uniform application of asphaltic emulsion or asphalt binder in controlled quantities ranging from 0.02 to 1 gal/sq yd of surface and at a pressure ranging from 25 to 75 psi

4.2. Pumps that spray asphaltic emulsion or asphalt binder within 0.02 gal/sq yd of the set rate

4.3. With a hose and nozzle for application of asphaltic emulsion to areas inaccessible to the spray bar

4.4. With pressure gauges and a thermometer for determining temperatures of the asphaltic emulsion or asphalt binder

You may use cab-controlled valves for the application of asphaltic emulsion or asphalt binder. The valves controlling the flow from nozzles must act positively to provide a uniform unbroken application of asphaltic emulsion or asphalt binder.

Maintain distributor and storage tanks at all times to prevent dripping.

37-1.04 PAYMENT

37-2 CHIP SEALS

37-2.01 GENERAL

37-2.01A General 37-2.01A(1) Summary Section 37-2.01 includes general specifications for applying chip seals.

37-2.01A(2) Definitions Reserved

37-2.01A(3) Submittals At least 15 days before starting placement of chip seal, submit:

1. Samples for:

1.1. Asphaltic emulsion chip seal, two 1-quart wide mouth plastic containers with screw top lid of asphaltic emulsion

1.2. Polymer modified asphaltic emulsion chip seal, two 1-quart wide mouth plastic containers with screw top lid of polymer modified asphaltic emulsion

1.3. Asphalt rubber binder chip seal, two 1-quart cans of base asphalt binder

1.4. Asphalt rubber binder chip seal, five 1-quart cans of asphalt rubber binder

2. Asphaltic emulsion, polymer modified asphaltic emulsion, asphalt binder or asphalt rubber binder data as follows:

2.1. Supplier and Type/Grade of asphaltic emulsion or asphalt binder

2.2. Type of modifier used including polymer or crumb rubber or both

2.3. Percent of crumb rubber, if used as modifier

2.4. Copy of the specified test results for asphaltic emulsion or asphalt binder

3. 50 lb of uncoated aggregate

4. Aggregate test results for the following:

4.1. Gradation

4.2. Los Angeles Rattler

4.3. Percent of crushed particles

4.4. Flat and elongated particles

4.5. Film stripping

4.6. Cleanness value

4.7. Durability

5. Vialit test results

Submit quality control test results for the quality characteristics within the reporting times allowance after sampling shown in the following table:

Quality Control Test Result Reporting Quality characteristic Maximum reporting time allowance

Los Angeles Rattler loss (max, %) 48 hours Percent of crushed particles (min, %) 48 hours Flat and elongated particles (max by weight at 3:1, %) 48 hours Film stripping (max, %) 48 hours Durability (min) 48 hours Gradation (percentage passing) 24 hours Cleanness value (min) 24 hours Asphaltic emulsion spread rate (gal/sq yd) 24 hours

Within 3 days after taking asphaltic emulsion or asphalt binder quality control samples, submit the authorized laboratory's test results.

37-2.01A(4) Quality Assurance 37-2.01A(4)(a) General Reserved

37-2.01A(4)(b) Quality Control 37-2.01A(4)(b)(i) General Reserved

37-2.01A(4)(b)(ii) Aggregate All tests must be performed on uncoated aggregate except for film stripping which must be performed on precoated aggregate.

For aggregate, the authorized laboratory must perform sampling and testing at the specified frequency and location for the following quality characteristics:

Aggregate Quality Control Requirements Quality characteristic Test method Minimum sampling and testing frequency

Location of sampling

Los Angeles Rattler loss (max, %) At 100 revolutions At 500 revolutions

California Test

1st day of production

See California Test 125

Percent of crushed particles Coarse aggregate (min, %)

One-fractured face Two-fractured faces

Fine aggregate (min, %) (Passing No. 4 sieve and retained on No. 8 sieve)

One fractured face

AASHTO T 335 1st day of production

See California Test 125

Flat and elongated particles (max by weight at 3:1, %)

ASTM D4791 1st day of production

See California Test 125

Film stripping (max, %) California Test

1st day of production

See California Test 125

Durability (min) California Test

1st day of production

See California Test 125

Gradation (% passing) California Test 202 2 per day See California

Test 125 Cleanness value (min) California Test

227 2 per day See California Test 125

37-2.01A(4)(b)(iii) Chip Seals For a chip seal, the authorized laboratory must perform sampling and testing at the specified frequency and location for the following quality characteristics:

Chip Seal Quality Control Requirements Quality characteristic Test method Minimum sampling and testing frequency Location of sampling

Asphaltic emulsion binder spread rate (gal/sq yd)

California Test 339

1 per day per distributor truck Pavement surface

37-2.01A(4)(c) Department Acceptance Department Acceptance shall not apply to identified areas where the existing surfacing before application of chip seal, contains defective areas as determined by the Engineer and Contractor. At least 7 days before starting placement of the chip seal, the Contractor shall submit a written list of existing defective areas, identifying the lane direction, lane number, starting and ending highway post mile locations, and defect type. The Engineer must agree on which of the identified areas are defective.

Defective areas are defined as one of the following:

1. Areas with wheel path rutting in excess of 3/8 inch when measured by placing a straightedge 12 feet long on the finished surface perpendicular to the center line and measuring the vertical distance between the finished surface and the lower edge of the straightedge

2. Areas exhibiting flushing

For a chip seal, acceptance is based on visual inspection for the following:

1. Uniform surface texture

2. Raveling, which consists of the separation of the aggregate from the asphaltic emulsion or asphalt binder

3. Flushing, which consists of the occurrence of a film of asphaltic material on the surface of the chip seal.

4. Streaking, which consists of alternating longitudinal bands of asphaltic emulsion or asphalt binder without uniform aggregate retention, approximately parallel with the lane line.

Areas of raveling, flushing or streaking that are greater than 0.5 sq ft shall be considered defective and must be repaired.

Raveling and streaking must be repaired by placing an additional layer of chip seal over the defective area.

For asphaltic emulsion or asphalt binder, acceptance is based on the Department’s sampling and testing for compliance with the requirements for the quality characteristics specified.

For aggregate, acceptance is based on the Department’s sampling and testing for compliance with the requirements shown in the following table:

Chip Seal Aggregate Acceptance Criteria Quality characteristic Test method Requirements

Los Angeles Rattler loss (max, %) At 100 revolutions At 500 revolutions

California Test 211

Percent of crushed particles:

Coarse aggregate (min, %)

One-fractured face Two-fractured faces

Fine aggregate (min, %) (Passing No. 4 sieve and retained on No. 8 sieve) One fractured face

AASHTO T 335

Flat and elongated particles (max by weight at 3:1, %) ASTM D4791 10 Film stripping (max, %) California Test 302 25 Durability (min) California Test 229 52 Gradation (% passing by weight) California Test 202 Aggregate Gradation table shown under Materials for the chip seal type specified.

Cleanness value (min) California Test 227 80

If test results for the aggregate gradation do not comply with specifications, you may remove the chip seal represented by these tests or request that it remain in place with a payment deduction. The deduction is $1.75 per ton for the aggregate represented by the test results.

If test results for aggregate cleanness value do not comply with the specifications, you may remove the chip seal represented by these tests or you may request that the chip seal remain in place with a pay deduction corresponding to the cleanness value shown in the following table:

Chip Seal Cleanness Value Deductions Cleanness value Deduction

80 or over None 79 $2.00 /ton

77–78 $4.00 /ton 75–76 $6.00 /ton

If the aggregate cleanness value is less than 75, remove the chip seal.

37-2.01B Materials 37-2.01B(1) General Reserved

37-2.01B(2) Asphaltic Emulsions and Asphalt Binders Reserved

37-2.01B(3) Aggregate 37-2.01B(3)(a) General Aggregate must be broken stone, crushed gravel, or both.

Aggregate must comply with the requirements shown in the following table:

Chip Seal Aggregate Requirements Quality characteristic Test method Requirements

Los Angeles Rattler loss (max, %) At 100 revolutions At 500 revolutions

California Test 211

Percent of crushed particles Coarse aggregate (min, %)

One-fractured face Two-fractured faces

Fine aggregate (min, %) (Passing No. 4 sieve and retained on No. 8 sieve) One fractured face

AASHTO T 335

Flat and elongated particles (max by weight at 3:1, %) ASTM D4791 10 Film stripping (max, %) California Test 302 25 Durability (min) California Test 229 52 Gradation (% passing by weight) California Test 202 Aggregate Gradation table shown under Materials for the chip seal type specified.

Cleanness value (min) California Test 227 80

The authorized laboratory must conduct the Vialit test using the proposed asphaltic emulsion or asphalt binder and aggregate for compliance with the requirements shown in the following table:

Chip Retention Requirements Quality characteristic Test method Requirement Chip retention (%) Vialit test method for aggregate in chip seals, French chip (Modified)a 95 aThe asphaltic emulsion or asphalt binder must be within the field placement temperature range and application rate during specimen preparation. For asphalt binder cure the specimen for first 2 hours at 100 °F.

37-2.01B(3)(b) Precoated Aggregate Precoating of aggregate must be performed at a central mixing plant. The plant must be authorized under the Department's MPQP.

When precoating aggregate, do not recombine fine materials collected in dust control systems.

Precoated aggregate must be preheated from 260 to 325 degrees F. Coat with any of the asphalts specified in the table titled "Performance Graded Asphalt Binder" in section 92. The asphalt must be from

0.5 to 1.0 percent by weight of dry aggregate. You determine the exact asphalt rate for precoating of aggregate.

Do not stockpile precoated aggregate.

37-2.01C Construction 37-2.01C(1) General For chip seals on 2-lane, 2-way roadways, place a W8-7 (LOOSE GRAVEL) sign and a W13-1 (35) plaque at 2,000-foot maximum intervals along each side of the traveled way where aggregate is spread on a traffic lane and at public roads or streets entering the chip seal area. Place the 1st W8-7 sign in each direction where traffic first encounters the loose aggregate, regardless of which lane the aggregate is spread on. A W13-1 (35) plaque is not required where the posted speed limit is less than 40 mph.

For chip seals on freeways, expressways, and multilane conventional highways, place a W8-7, (LOOSE GRAVEL) sign and a W13-1 (35) plaque at 2,000-foot maximum intervals along the outside edge of the traveled way nearest to the lane worked on, at on ramps, and at public roads or streets entering the chip seal area. Place the 1st W8-7 sign where the aggregate starts with respect to the direction of travel on that lane. A W13-1 (35) plaque is not required where the posted speed limit is less than 40 mph.

Pilot cars must have cellular or radio contact with other pilot cars and personnel in the work zone. The maximum speed of the pilot cars convoying or controlling traffic through the traffic control zone must be 15 mph on 2-lane, two-way highways and 25 mph on multilane divided and undivided highways. Pilot cars must only use traffic lanes open to traffic.

On the days that closures are not allowed, you may use a moving closure to maintain the seal coat surface. The moving closure is only allowed during daylight hours when traffic will be the least inconvenienced and delayed. The Engineer determines the hours for the moving closure.

Maintain signs in place at each location until the final sweeping of the chip seal surface for that location is complete. Signs may be set on temporary portable supports with the W13-1 sign below the W8-7 sign or on barricades with the W13-1 sign alternating with the W8-7 sign.

Schedule chip seal activities so that the chip seals are placed on both lanes of the traveled way each work shift.

If traffic is routed over a surface where a chip seal application is intended, the chip seal must not be applied to more than half the width of the traveled way at a time, and the remaining width must be kept free of obstructions and open to traffic until the previously applied width is ready for traffic use.

Wherever maintenance sweeping of the chip seal surface is complete, place permanent traffic stripes and pavement markings within 10 days.

If you fail to place the permanent traffic stripes and pavement markings within the specified time, the Department withholds 50 percent of the estimated value of the chip seal work completed that has not received permanent traffic stripes and pavement markings.

37-2.01C(2) Equipment Equipment for chip seals must include and comply with the following:

1. Aggregate haul trucks must have:

1.1. Tailgate that discharge aggregate

1.2. Device to lock onto the rear aggregate spreader hitch

1.3. Dump bed that will not push down on the spreader when fully raised

1.4. Dump bed that will not spill aggregate on the roadway when transferred to the spreader hopper

1.5. Tarpaulin to cover precoated aggregate when haul distance exceeds 30 minutes or ambient temperature is less than 65 degrees F

2. Self-propelled aggregate spreaders must have:

2.1. Aggregate hopper in the rear

2.2. Belt conveyor that carries the aggregate to the front

2.3. Spreading hopper capable of providing a uniform aggregate spread rate over the entire width of the traffic lane in 1 application.

3. Self-propelled power brooms must:

3.1. Not be steel-tined brooms on emulsion chip seals

3.2. Be capable of removing loose aggregate adjacent to barriers that prevent aggregate from being swept off the roadway, including curbs, gutters, dikes, berms, and railings

4. Pneumatic or foam filled rubber tired rollers must:

4.1. Be an oscillating type at least 4 feet wide

4.2. Be self-propelled and reversible

4.3. Have tires of equal size, diameter, type, and ply

4.4. Carry at least 3,000 lbs of load on each wheel

4.5 Have tires with an air pressure of 100 ± 5 psi or be foam filled

37-2.01C(3) Surface Preparation Before applying chip seals, cover manholes, valve and monument covers, grates, or other exposed facilities located within the area of application, using a plastic or oil resistant construction paper secured by tape or adhesive to the facility being covered. Reference the covered facilities with enough control points to relocate the facilities after the application of the chip seal.

Immediately before applying chip seals, clean the surface to receive a chip seal by removing any extraneous material affecting adhesion of the chip seal with the existing surface and drying. Use self-propelled power brooms to clean the existing pavement.

37-2.01C(4) Placement 37-2.01C(4)(a) General Schedule the operations so that chip seals are placed on both lanes of the traveled way each work shift.

At the end of the work shift, the end of the chip seals on both lanes must generally match.

37-2.01C(4)(b) Applying Asphaltic Emulsions or Asphalt Binders Prevent spraying on existing pavement not intended for chip seals or on previously applied chip seals using a material such as building paper. Remove the material after use.

Align longitudinal joints between chip seal applications with designated traffic lanes.

For asphaltic emulsion or asphalt binder, overlap longitudinal joints by not more than 4 inches. You may overlap longitudinal joints up to 8 inches if authorized.

For areas not accessible to a truck distributor bar apply:

1. Asphaltic emulsions by hand spraying

2. Asphalt binders with a squeegee or other authorized means

You may overlap the asphaltic emulsion or asphalt binder applications before the application of aggregate at longitudinal joints.

Do not apply the asphaltic emulsion or asphalt binder unless there is sufficient aggregate at the job site to cover the asphaltic emulsion or asphalt binder.

Discontinue application of asphaltic emulsion or asphalt binder early enough to comply with lane closure requirements. Apply to 1 lane at a time and cover the lane width entirely in 1 operation.

37-2.01C(4)(c) Spreading Aggregates 37-2.01C(4)(c)(i) General Prevent vehicles from driving on asphaltic emulsion or asphalt binder before spreading aggregate.

Spread aggregate within 10 percent of your determined rate.

Spread aggregate at a uniform rate over the full lane width in 1 application. Apply to 1 lane at a time.

Sweep excess aggregate at joints before spreading adjacent aggregate.

Operate the spreader at speeds slow enough to prevent aggregate from rolling over after dropping.

If the spreader is not moving, aggregate must not drop. If you stop spreading and aggregate drops, remove the excess aggregate before resuming activities.

37-2.01C(4)(c)(ii) Precoated Aggregate Application During transit, cover precoated aggregate with tarpaulins if the ambient air temperature is below 65 degrees F or the haul time exceeds 30 minutes.

When applied, precoated aggregate must be from 225 to 325 degrees F.

37-2.01C(4)(d) Finishing 37-2.01C(4)(d)(i) General Remove piles, ridges, or unevenly distributed aggregate. Repair permanent ridges, bumps, streaks or depressions in the finished surface. Spread additional aggregate and roll if aggregate is picked up by rollers or vehicles.

Chip seal joints between adjacent applications of a chip seal must be smooth, straight, uniform, and completely covered.

A coverage is 1 roller movement over the entire width of lane. A pass is 1 roller movement parallel to the chip seal application in either direction. Overlapping passes are part of the coverage being made and are not part of a subsequent coverage. Do not start a new coverage until completing the previous coverage.

Before opening to traffic, finish the chip seals in the following sequence:

1. Perform initial rolling consisting of 1 coverage with a pneumatic-tired roller

2. Perform final rolling consisting of 2 coverages with a pneumatic-tired roller

3. Sweep excess aggregate from the roadway and adjacent abutting areas

4. Apply a flush coat if specified

5. Remove covers from the facilities

37-2.01C(4)(d)(ii) Traffic Control With Pilot Car For 2-lane 2-way roadways under 1-way traffic control, upon completion of final rolling, traffic must be controlled with pilot cars and routed over the new chip seal for a period of 2 to 4 hours before opening the lane to traffic not controlled with pilot cars.

For multilane roadways, when traffic is controlled with pilot cars, a maximum of 1 lane in the direction of travel must be open to traffic. Traffic must be controlled with pilot cars and be routed on the new chip seal surface of the lane for a minimum of 2 hours after completion of the initial sweeping and before opening the lane to traffic not controlled with pilot cars. Once traffic controlled with pilot cars is routed over the chip seal at a particular location, continuous control must be maintained at that location until the chip seal placement and sweeping on adjacent lanes to receive a chip seal is completed.

37-2.01C(4)(d)(iii) Sweeping Sweeping must be performed after the chip seal has set and there is no damage or dislodging of aggregate from the chip seal surface. As a minimum, sweeping is required at the following times:

1. On 2-lane 2-way roadways, from 2 to 4 hours after traffic, controlled with pilot cars, has been routed on the chip seal

2. On multilane roadways, from 2 to 4 hours after aggregate have been placed

3. In addition to previous sweeping, perform final sweeping immediately before opening any lane to public traffic, not controlled with pilot cars

37-2.01C(4)(d)(iv) Excess Aggregate Dispose of excess aggregate. If ordered, salvaging and stockpiling of excess aggregate is change order work.

37-2.01C(4)(e) Chip Seal Maintenance Perform sweeping on the morning following the application of aggregate on any lane that has been open to traffic not controlled with pilot cars and before starting any other activities.

Chip seal surfaces must be maintained for 4 consecutive days from the day aggregate is applied.

Maintenance must include sweeping to maintain a surface free of loose aggregate and to prevent formation of corrugations. Sweeping must not dislodge aggregate set in asphaltic emulsion or asphalt binder.

After 4 consecutive days, excess aggregate must be removed from the paved areas.

37-2.01D Payment If there is no bid item for traffic control system, furnishing and using a pilot car is included in the various items of the work involved in applying the chip seal.

The payment quantity for precoated aggregate is the weight measured after the aggregate is preheated and precoated with asphalt binder.

If recorded batch weights are printed automatically, the payment quantity for aggregate is the weight determined from the printed batch weights if:

1. Total weight for the precoated aggregate per batch is printed

2. Total asphalt binder weight per batch is printed

3. Zero tolerance weight is printed before weighing the first batch and after weighing the last batch for each truckload

4. Time, date, mix number, load number, and truck identification are correlated with a load slip

5. Copy of the recorded batch weights is certified by a licensed weighmaster

37-2.02 ASPHALTIC EMULSION CHIP SEALS

37-2.02A General 37-2.02A(1) Summary Section 37-2.02 includes specifications for applying asphaltic emulsion chip seals. An asphaltic emulsion chip seal includes applying an asphaltic emulsion, followed by aggregate, and then a flush coat.

A double asphaltic emulsion chip seal is the application of an asphaltic emulsion followed by aggregate, applied twice in sequence and then a flush coat.

37-2.02A(2) Definitions Reserved

37-2.02A(3) Submittals Immediately after sampling, submit two 1-quart plastic containers of asphaltic emulsion taken in the presence of the Engineer. Samples must be submitted in insulated shipping container.

37-2.02A(4) Quality Assurance 37-2.02A(4)(a) General Reserved

37-2.02A(4)(b) Quality Control 37-2.02A(4)(b)(i) General Reserved

37-2.02A(4)(b)(ii) Asphaltic Emulsions Circulate asphaltic emulsion in the distributor truck before sampling. Take samples from the distributor truck at mid load or from a sampling tap or thief. Before taking samples, draw and dispose of 1 gallon. In the presence of the Engineer, take two 1-quart samples in a plastic container with lined sealed lid for acceptance testing.

For asphaltic emulsion, the authorized laboratory must perform quality control sampling and testing at the specified frequency and location for the following quality characteristics:

Asphaltic Emulsion Quality characteristic Test method Minimum sampling and testing frequency Sampling location

Saybolt Furol Viscosity, at 25 oC (Saybolt Furol seconds)

AASHTO T 59 Minimum 1 per day per delivery truck Distributor truck

Sieve Test (%) Storage stability, 1 day (%) Residue by distillation (%) Particle chargea Tests on Residue from Distillation Test:

Penetration, 25 oC AASHTO T 49 Minimum 1 per day per delivery truck Distributor truck Ductility AASHTO T 51

Solubility in trichloroethylene AASHTO T 44 aIf the result of the particle charge is inconclusive, the asphaltic emulsion must be tested for pH under ASTM E70. Grade QS1h asphaltic emulsion must have a minimum pH of 7.3. Grade CQS1h asphaltic emulsion must have a maximum pH of 6.7.

37-2.02A(4)(c) Department Acceptance Aggregate acceptance is based on the Department’s sampling and testing for compliance with the requirements shown in the following table:

Aggregate Gradation Acceptance Criteria Quality characteristic Test method Requirement

Gradation (% passing by weight) Sieve size:

California Test 202

3/8" 5/16" 1/4"

3/4" -- -- -- 1/2" 100 -- -- 3/8" 85–100 100 100 No. 4 0–15 0–50 60–85 No. 8 0–5 0–15 0–25 No. 16 -- 0–5 0–5 No. 30 -- 0–3 0–3 No. 200 0–2 0–2 0–2

37-2.02B Materials 37-2.02B(1) General Reserved

37-2.02B(2) Asphaltic Emulsions Reserved

37-2.02B(3) Aggregate Aggregate gradation for an asphaltic emulsion chip seal must comply with the requirements shown in the following table:

Asphaltic Emulsion Chip Seal Aggregate Gradation Quality characteristic Test method Requirement

Gradation (% passing by weight) Sieve size:

California Test

3/8" 5/16" 1/4"

3/4" -- -- -- 1/2" 100 -- -- 3/8" 85–100 100 100 No. 4 0–15 0–50 60–85 No. 8 0–5 0–15 0–25 No. 16 -- 0–5 0–5

37-2.02C Construction 37-2.02C(1) General Reserved

37-2.02C(2) Asphaltic Emulsions Asphaltic emulsions must be applied within the application rate ranges shown in the following table:

Asphaltic Emulsion Application Rates Aggregate gradation Application rate range

(gal/sq yd) 3/8" 0.30–0.45 5/16" 0.25–0.35 1/4" 0.20–0.30

For double asphaltic emulsion chip seals, the asphaltic emulsions must be applied within the application rates shown in the following table:

Asphaltic Emulsion Application Rates Double chip seals Application rate range

(gal/sq yd) 1st application 0.30–0.45 2nd application 0.20–0.30

When applied, the temperature of the asphaltic emulsions must be from 130 to 180 degrees F.

Apply asphaltic emulsions when the ambient air temperature is from 65 to 110 degrees F and the pavement surface temperature is at least 80 degrees F.

Do not apply asphaltic emulsions when weather forecasts predict the ambient air temperature will fall below 39 degrees F within 24 hours after application.

37-2.02C(3) Spreading Aggregates Aggregate must be spread within the spread rate ranges shown in the following table:

Aggregate Spread Rates Aggregate gradation Spread rate range

(lb/sq yd) 3/8" 20–30 5/16" 16–25 1/4" 12–20

For double asphaltic emulsion chip seals, aggregate must be spread within the spread rate ranges shown in the following table:

Aggregate Spread Rates Double chip seal Spread rate range

(lb/sq yd) 1st application 23–30

2nd application 12–20

Remove excess aggregate on the 1st application before the 2nd application of asphaltic emulsion.

You may stockpile aggregate for asphaltic emulsion chip seals if you prevent contamination. Aggregate must have a damp surface at spreading. If water visibly separates from the aggregate, do not spread.

You may re-dampen aggregate in the delivery vehicle.

Spread aggregate before an asphaltic emulsion sets or breaks.

Do not spread aggregate more than 2,500 feet ahead of the completed initial rolling.

37-2.02D Payment Not Used

37-2.03 POLYMER MODIFIED ASPHALTIC EMULSION CHIP SEALS

37-2.03A General 37-2.03A(1) Summary Section 37-2.03 includes specifications for applying polymer modified asphaltic emulsion chip seals. A polymer modified asphaltic emulsion chip seal includes applying a polymer modified asphaltic emulsion, followed by aggregate, and then a flush coat.

A double polymer modified asphaltic emulsion chip seal is the application of a polymer modified asphaltic emulsion followed by aggregate, applied twice in sequence and then a flush coat.

37-2.03A(2) Definitions Reserved

37-2.03A(3) Submittals Immediately after sampling, submit two 1-quart cans of polymer modified asphaltic emulsion taken in the presence of the Engineer. A sample must be submitted in an insulated shipping container.

37-2.03A(4) Quality Assurance 37-2.03A(4)(a) General Reserved

37-2.03A(4)(b) Quality Control 37-2.03A(4)(b)(i) General Reserved

37-2.03A(4)(b)(ii) Polymer Modified Asphaltic Emulsions Circulate polymer modified asphaltic emulsions in the distributor truck before sampling. Take samples from the distributor truck at mid load or from a sampling tap or thief. Before taking samples, draw and dispose of 1 gallon. In the presence of the Engineer, take two 1-quart samples for acceptance testing.

For polymer modified asphaltic emulsions, the authorized laboratory must perform quality control sampling and testing at the specified frequency and location for the following quality characteristics:

Polymer Modified Asphaltic Emulsion

Quality characteristic Test method

Minimum sampling and testing frequency

Sampling location

Saybolt Furol Viscosity, at 50 °C (Saybolt Furol seconds)

AASHTO T 59 Minimum 1 per day per delivery truck

Distributor truck

Settlement, 5 days (max, %) Storage stability test, 1 day (max, %) Sieve test (max, %) Demulsibility (min, %) Particle charge Ash content (max, %) ASTM D3723 Residue by evaporation (min, %) California Test 331 Tests on residue from evaporation test:

Penetration, 25 °C AASHTO T 49 Minimum 1 per day per delivery truck

Distributor truck

Penetration, 4 °C, 200g for 60 seconds AASHTO T 49 Ductility, 25 °C (min, mm) AASHTO T 51 Torsional recovery (min, %) California Test 332 Ring and Ball Softening Point (min, °F) AASHTO T 53

37-2.03A(4)(c) Department Acceptance Aggregate acceptance is based on the Department’s sampling and testing for compliance with the requirements shown in the following table:

Aggregate Gradation Acceptance Criteria Quality characteristic Test method Requirement

Gradation (% passing by weight) Sieve size:

California Test

3/8" 5/16" 1/4"

3/4" -- -- -- 1/2" 100 -- -- 3/8" 85–100 100 100 No. 4 0–15 0–50 60–85 No. 8 0–5 0–15 0–25 No. 16 -- 0–5 0–5

37-2.03B Materials 37-2.03B(1) General Reserved

37-2.03B(2) Polymer Modified Asphaltic Emulsions A polymer modified asphaltic emulsion must include elastomeric polymer.

A polymer modified asphaltic emulsion must be Grade PMRS2, PMRS2h, PMCRS2, or PMCRS2h.

Polymer content in percent by weight does not apply.

A polymer modified asphaltic emulsion must comply with section 94 and the quality characteristic requirements in the following table:

Polymeric Asphaltic Emulsion Quality characteristic Test method Requirement

Penetration, 4 °C, 200g for 60 seconds (min) AASHTO T 49 6 Ring and Ball Softening Point (min, °F) AASHTO T 53 135

37-2.03B(3) Aggregate The aggregate gradation for a polymer modified asphaltic emulsion chip seal must comply with the requirements shown in the following table:

Asphaltic Emulsion Chip Seal Aggregate Gradation Quality characteristic Test method Requirement Gradation (% passing by weight) Sieve Size

California Test

3/8" 5/16" 1/4"

3/4" -- -- -- 1/2" 100 -- -- 3/8" 85–100 100 100 No. 4 0–15 0–50 60–85 No. 8 0–5 0–15 0–25 No. 16 -- 0–5 0–5

37-2.03C Construction Polymer modified asphaltic emulsions must be applied within the application rate ranges shown in the following table:

Polymer Modified Asphaltic Emulsion Application Rates Aggregate gradation Application rate range

(gal/sq yd) 3/8" 0.30–0.45 5/16" 0.25–0.35 1/4" 0.20–0.30

For double polymer modified asphaltic emulsion chip seals, polymer modified asphaltic emulsions must be applied within the application rates shown in the following table:

Polymer Modified Asphaltic Emulsion Application Rates Double application Application rate range

(gal/sq yd) 1st application 0.30–0.45 2nd application 0.20–0.30

Apply polymer modified asphaltic emulsions when the ambient air temperature is from 60 to 105 degrees F and the pavement surface temperature is at least 80 degrees F.

Do not apply polymer modified asphaltic emulsions when weather forecasts predict the ambient air temperature will fall below 39 degrees F within 24 hours after application.

Aggregate must be spread within the spread rate ranges shown in the following table:

Aggregate Spread Rates Chip seal type Spread rate range

(lb/sq yd) 3/8" 20–30 5/16" 16–25 1/4" 12–20

For double chip seals, aggregate must be spread within spread rate ranges shown in the following table:

Aggregate Spread Rates Double application Spread rate range

(lb/sq yd) 1st application 23–30

2nd application 12–20

Remove excess aggregate on the 1st application before the 2nd application of asphaltic emulsion.

You may stockpile aggregate for the polymer modified asphaltic emulsion chip seals if you prevent contamination. Aggregate must have damp surfaces at spreading. If water visibly separates from the aggregate, do not spread. You may redampen aggregate in the delivery vehicle.

Spread aggregate before the polymer modified asphaltic emulsion sets or breaks.

Do not spread aggregate more than 2,500 feet ahead of the completed initial rolling.

37-2.03D Payment Not Used

37-2.04 ASPHALT RUBBER BINDER CHIP SEALS

37-2.04A General 37-2.04A(1) Summary Section 37-2.04 includes specifications for applying asphalt rubber binder chip seals.

An asphalt rubber binder chip seal consists of applying asphalt rubber binder followed by heated aggregate precoated with asphalt binder followed by a flush coat.

37-2.04A(2) Definitions crumb rubber modifier: Combination of ground or granulated high natural scrap tire crumb rubber and scrap tire crumb rubber derived from waste tires described in Pub Res Code § 42703.

descending viscosity reading: Subsequent viscosity reading at least 5 percent lower than the previous viscosity reading.

high natural scrap tire crumb rubber: Material containing 40 to 48 percent natural rubber.

scrap tire crumb rubber: Any combination of vehicle tires or tire buffing.

37-2.04A(3) Submittals At least 5 business days before use, submit the permit issued by the local air district for asphalt rubber binder field blending equipment and application equipment. If an air quality permit is not required by the local air district for producing asphalt rubber binder, submit verification from the local air district that an air quality permit is not required.

For each delivery of asphalt rubber binder ingredients to the job site, submit a certificate of compliance with a copy of the specified test results.

Submit a certified volume or weight slip for each delivery of asphalt rubber binder ingredients and asphalt rubber binder.

Submit a SDS for each asphalt rubber binder ingredient and the asphalt rubber binder.

At least 15 days before use, submit:

1. Samples of each asphalt rubber binder ingredient:

1.1. 2 lbs of scrap tire crumb rubber

1.2. 2 lbs of high natural scrap tire crumb rubber

1.3. Two 1-quart cans of base asphalt binder

1.4. Two 1-quart cans of asphalt modifier

2. Asphalt rubber binder formulation and data as follows:

2.1. For asphalt modifier, include:

2.1.1. Source of asphalt modifier

2.1.2. Type of asphalt modifier

2.1.3. Percentage of asphalt modifier by weight of asphalt binder

2.1.4. Percentage of combined asphalt binder and asphalt modifier by weight of asphalt rubber binder

2.1.5. Test results for the specified quality characteristics

2.2. For crumb rubber modifier, include:

2.2.1. Each source and type of scrap tire crumb rubber and high natural scrap tire crumb rubber

2.2.2. Percentage of scrap tire crumb rubber and high natural scrap tire crumb rubber by total weight of asphalt rubber binder

2.2.3. Test results for the specified quality characteristics

2.3. For asphalt rubber binder, include minimum reaction time and temperature

Immediately after sampling, submit five 1-quart cans of asphalt rubber binder taken in the presence of the Engineer. Sample must be submitted in insulated shipping containers.

Submit notification 15 minutes before each viscosity test or submit a schedule of testing times.

Submit the log of asphalt rubber binder descending viscosity test results within 1 business day after sampling.

Submit asphalt rubber binder quality control viscosity test results within 1 business day after sampling.

37-2.04A(4) Quality Assurance 37-2.04A(4)(a) General The equipment used in producing asphalt rubber binder and the equipment used in spreading asphalt rubber binder must be permitted for use or exempted by the local air district.

37-2.04A(4)(b) Quality Control 37-2.04A(4)(b)(i) General Reserved

37-2.04A(4)(b)(ii) Asphalt Modifiers For asphalt modifiers, the authorized laboratory must perform quality control sampling and testing at the specified frequency for the following quality characteristics:

Asphalt Modifier for Asphalt Rubber Binder Quality characteristic Test method Frequency

Viscosity ASTM D445 1 per shipment Flash point ASTM D92 Molecular Analysis:

Asphaltenes ASTM D2007 1 per shipment Aromatics ASTM D2007

37-2.04A(4)(b)(iii) Crumb Rubber Modifiers Sample and test scrap tire crumb rubber and high natural scrap tire crumb rubber separately.

Perform quality control sampling and testing at the specified frequency for the following quality characteristics:

Crumb Rubber Modifier Quality characteristic Test method Frequency

Scrap tire crumb rubber gradation California Test 385 1 per 10,000 High natural scrap tire crumb rubber gradation California Test 385 1 per 3,400 lb Wire in CRM California Test 385

1 per 10,000 lb Fabric in CRM California Test 385 CRM particle length -- CRM specific gravity California Test 208 Natural rubber content in high natural scrap tire crumb rubber

ASTM D297 1 per 3,400 lb

37-2.04A(4)(b)(iv) Asphalt Rubber Binders For asphalt rubber binders, the authorized laboratory must perform quality control sampling and testing at the specified frequency and location for the following quality characteristics:

Asphalt Rubber Binder Quality Control Requirements Quality characteristic Test method Sampling location Frequency

Descending viscositya at 375 °F (Pa•s x 10-3)

ASTM D7741 Reaction vessel 1 per lotb

Viscosity at 375 °F (Pa•s x 10-3) ASTM D7741 Distribution truck 15 minutes before use per lotb

Cone penetration at 25 °C (0.10 mm) ASTM D217 Distribution truck 1 per lotb Resilience at 25 °C (% rebound) ASTM D5329

Softening point (°C) ASTM D36 aStart taking viscosity readings at least 45 minutes after adding crumb rubber modifier and continue taking viscosity readings every 30 minutes until 2 consecutive descending viscosity readings have been obtained and the final viscosity complies with the specification requirement.

bA lot is defined in the MPQP.

Retain samples from each lot. Test samples for cone penetration, resilience, and softening point for the first 3 lots and if all 3 lots pass, the testing frequency may be reduced to once for every 3 lots.

If QC test results indicate that the asphalt rubber binder does not comply with the specifications, take corrective action and notify the Engineer.

37-2.04A(4)(c) Department Acceptance 37-2.04A(4)(c)(i) General Reserved

37-2.04A(4)(c)(ii) Asphalt Modifiers The Department accepts asphalt modifier based on compliance with the requirements shown in the following table:

Asphalt Modifier for Asphalt Rubber Binder Quality characteristic Test method Requirement

Viscosity at 100 °C (m2/s x 10-6) ASTM D445 X ± 3a Flash point (min, °C) ASTM D92 207 Molecular Analysis:

Asphaltenes (max, % by mass) ASTM D2007 0.1 Aromatics (min, % by mass) ASTM D2007 55 aThe symbol "X" is the asphalt modifier viscosity.

37-2.04A(4)(c)(iii) Crumb Rubber Modifiers Scrap tire CRM and high natural CRM are sampled and tested separately.

The Department accepts scrap tire CRM and high natural CRM based on compliance with the requirements shown in the following table:

Crumb Rubber Modifier for Asphalt Rubber Binder Quality characteristic Test method Requirement

Wire in CRM (max, %) California Test 385 0.01 Fabric in CRM (max, %) California Test 385 0.05 CRM particle length (max, in) -- 3/16 CRM specific gravity California Test 208 1.1–1.2 Natural rubber content in high natural CRM (%) ASTM D297 40.0–48.0

The Department accepts CRM gradation based on the requirements shown in the following table:

Crumb Rubber Modifier Gradation Requirements

Quality characteristic Test method

Requirement

Gradation (% passing by weight) Sieve size:

California Test 385

Scrap tire crumb rubber High natural scrap tire crumb rubber

Operating range

Contract compliance

Operating range

Contract compliance

No. 8 100 100 -- -- No. 10 95–100 90–100 100 100 No. 16 35–85 32–88 92–100 85–100 No. 30 2–25 1–30 25–95 20–98 No. 50 0–10 0–15 6–35 2–40 No. 100 0–5 0–10 0–7 0–10 No. 200 0–2 0–5 0–3 0–5

If a test result for CRM gradation does not comply with the specifications, the Department deducts the corresponding amount for each gradation test as shown in the following table:

Material Gradation test resulta Deduction Scrap tire crumb rubber Operating range < TR < Contract compliance $250 Scrap tire crumb rubber TR > Contract compliance $1,100 High natural scrap tire crumb rubber Operating range < TR < Contract compliance $250 High natural scrap tire crumb rubber TR > Contract compliance $600 aTest Result = TR

Each gradation test for scrap tire crumb rubber represents 10,000 lb or the quantity used in that day's production, whichever is less.

Each gradation test for high natural scrap tire crumb rubber represents 3,400 lb or the quantity used in that day's production, whichever is less.

37-2.04A(4)(c)(iv) Asphalt Rubber Binders For Department acceptance testing, take a sample of asphalt rubber binder in the Engineer's presence every 5 lots or once a day, whichever is greater. Each sample must be in five 1-quart cans with an open top and friction lid.

For an asphalt rubber binder, acceptance is based on the Department’s sampling and testing for compliance with the requirements shown in the following table:

Asphalt Rubber Binder Quality characteristic Test method Requirement

Cone penetration at 25 °C (0.10 mm) ASTM D217 25–60 Resilience at 25 °C (% rebound) ASTM D5329 18–50 Softening point (°C) ASTM D36 55–88 Viscosity at 375 °F (Pa•s x 10-3)a ASTM D7741 1,500–2,500 aPrepare sample for viscosity test under California Test 388.

37-2.04A(4)(c)(v) Precoated Aggregate The Department accepts precoated aggregate based on compliance with the requirements shown in the following table:

Precoated Aggregate Gradation Acceptance Criteria Quality Characteristic Test method Requirement

1/2" gradation (% passing by weight) Sieve size:

3/4" 1/2" 3/8" No. 4 No. 8 No. 200

California Test 202

85–90 0–30 0–5

0–1 3/8" gradation (% passing by weight) Sieve size:

3/4" 1/2" 3/8" No. 4 No. 8 No. 200

California Test 202

95–100 70–85 0–15 0–5 0–1

37-2.04B Materials 37-2.04B(1) General Reserved

37-2.04B(2) Asphalt Binders Asphalt binder used as the base binder for asphalt rubber binder must comply with the specifications for asphalt binder. Do not modify asphalt binder with polymer.

37-2.04B(3) Asphalt Modifiers An asphalt modifier must be a resinous, high flash point, and aromatic hydrocarbon. An asphalt modifier must comply with the requirements shown in the following table:

Asphalt Modifier for Asphalt Rubber Binder Quality characteristic Test method Requirement

Viscosity at 100 °C (m2/s x 10-6) ASTM D445 X ± 3a Flash point (min, CL.O.C., °C) ASTM D92 207 Molecular analysis:

Asphaltenes by mass (max, %) ASTM D2007 0.1 Aromatics by mass (min, %) ASTM D2007 55 aX denotes the proposed asphalt modifier viscosity from 19 to 36. A change in X requires a new asphalt rubber binder submittal.

37-2.04B(4) Crumb Rubber Modifiers The CRM to be used must be on the Authorized Materials List for crumb rubber modifier.

The CRM must be ground or granulated at ambient temperature.

Scrap tire crumb rubber and high natural scrap tire crumb rubber must be delivered to the asphalt rubber binder production site in separate bags.

Steel and fiber must be separated. If steel and fiber are cryogenically separated, it must occur before grinding and granulating. Cryogenically-produced CRM particles must be large enough to be ground or granulated.

The CRM must be dry, free-flowing particles that do not stick together. A maximum of 3 percent calcium carbonate or talc by weight of CRM may be added. The CRM must not cause foaming when combined with the asphalt binder and asphalt modifier.

The CRM must comply with the requirements shown in the following table:

Crumb Rubber Modifier for Asphalt Rubber Binder Quality characteristic Test method Requirement

Wire in CRM (max, %) California Test 385 0.01 Fabric in CRM (max, %) California Test 385 0.05 CRM particle length (max, in) -- 3/16 CRM specific gravity California Test 208 1.1–1.2

The CRM must comply with the requirements shown in the following table:

Crumb Rubber Modifier Requirements

Quality characteristic Test method Requirement

Scrap tire crumb rubber High natural scrap tire crumb rubber

Acetone extract (%)

ASTM D297

6.0–16.0 4.0–16.0 Rubber hydrocarbon (min, %) 42.0–65.0 50.0 Natural rubber content (%) 22.0–39.0 40.0–48.0 Carbon black content (%) 28.0–38.0 -- Ash content (max, %) 8.0 --

Scrap tire crumb rubber gradation must comply with the gradation requirements shown in the following table:

Scrap Tire Crumb Rubber Gradation Quality characteristic Test method Requirement

Gradation (% passing by weight) Sieve size:

California Test 385

Gradation limit Operating range Contract compliance

No. 8 100 100 100 No. 10 98–100 95–100 90–100 No. 16 45–75 35–85 32–88 No. 30 2–20 2–25 1–30 No. 50 0–6 0–10 0–15 No. 100 0–2 0–5 0–10 No. 200 0 0–2 0–5

High natural scrap tire crumb rubber gradation must comply with the gradation requirements shown in the

High Natural Scrap Tire Crumb Rubber Gradation Quality characteristic Test method Requirement

Gradation (% passing by weight) Sieve size:

California Test 385

Gradation limit Operating range Contract compliance

No. 10 100 100 100 No. 16 95–100 92–100 85–100 No. 30 35–85 25–95 20–98 No. 50 10–30 6–35 2–40 No. 100 0–4 0–7 0–10 No. 200 0–1 0–3 0–5

37-2.04B(5) Asphalt Rubber Binders An asphalt rubber binder must be a combination of:

1. Asphalt binder

2. Asphalt modifier

3. Crumb rubber modifier

Asphalt rubber binder blending equipment must be authorized under the Department's MPQP.

The blending equipment must allow the determination of weight percentages of each asphalt rubber binder ingredient.

An asphalt rubber binder must be 79 ± 1 percent by weight asphalt binder and 21 ± 1 percent by weight of…