05_PWS.pdf

Caballo Reservoir Vegetation Management

Performance Work Statement (PWS)

35500- EBFD ISC Funded Vegetation Management

Upper Colorado Basin Power Office Elephant Butte Field Division Contracting Officer:

Contents Acronyms & Definitions

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

1.2 Purpose

1.3 Site Description

1.4 Targeted Phreatophyte Species Identification

1.4.1 Tornillo (Screwbean Mesquite) – Prosopis pubescens and Prosopis reptans var.

cinerascens

1.4.2 Salt Cedar (Tamarix spp.)

1.4.3 Management Implications for Both Species

1.5 Endangered Species Act (ESA) – Special-Status Species Identification

1.5.1 Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus)

1.5.2 Western Yellow-Billed Cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus occidentalis)

1.5.3 General ESA Compliance Requirements

2.0 SCOPE OF WORK

2.1 Mechanical Vegetation Treatment General Requirements

2.2 Mechanical Treatment Specifications

2.2.1 Pre-Cutting and Brush Reduction

2.2.2 Root-Crown Extraction

2.2.3 Oversized Biomass (>24") Slash-Pile Construction

2.2.4 Biomass Mulching and Chipping Specifications

2.3 Density Classifications for Mechanical Treatment

Performance Work Statement (PWS)

2.3.1 Moderate Density (Baseline Reference)

2.3.2 High Density (Definition)

2.4. Mechanical Vegetation Treatment- Targeted Parcels

2.4.1 Mechanical Vegetation Treatment- Parcel C East Side of River

2.4.2 Mechanical Vegetation Treatment- Parcel D West Side of River

2.5 Herbicide Treatment

2.5.1 Ground Tornillo Herbicide Application – Parcel A (106 Acres)

2.5.2 Aerial Tornillo Herbicide Application – Parcel B (646 Acres)

3.0 ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT

3.1 Contract Document Management System (CDMS)

3.1.1 Purpose and Function

3.1.2 Access and Permissions

3.1.3 CDMS Folder Structure

3.1.4 File Naming Conventions

3.1.5 Submittal Workflow

3.1.6 Document Version Control

3.1.7 GIS and Photo Deliverable Integration

3.1.8 Daily Logs, WPRs, and Progress Payment Documentation

3.1.9 Communication Protocols

3.1.10 Record Retention, Security, and Data Integrity

3.1.11 Noncompliance

3.2 Insurance

3.2.1 FAA-Required Insurance (14 CFR Part 137)

3.3 Permits and Regulatory Compliance

3.3.1 Federal Permits and Regulatory Requirements

3.3.2 State of New Mexico Requirements

Performance Work Statement (PWS)

3.3.3 Local and USBR Requirements

3.3.4 Permit Acquisition, Documentation, and Maintenance

3.4 Supervisory Administration

3.5 Work Hours and Constraints

3.5.1 Standard Work Hours

3.5.2 ESA, MBTA and Biological-Timing Constraints

3.5.3 Weather, Fire, and Safety Constraints

3.5.4 Constraints Due to Government Activities and Public Interface

3.5.5 Work Shift Sequencing and Alternate Tasking

3.5.6 Compliance and Work-Hour Documentation

3.5.7 Period of Performance

3.6 Environmental And Cultural Compliance

3.6.1 Cultural Resource Protection and Discovery Requirements

3.6.2 ESA & MBTA Biological Clearance and Work Restrictions

3.6.3 Biological Monitoring During Operations

3.6.4 Herbicide Application Environmental Controls

3.6.5 Public Interface Controls (Aerial Herbicide Operations)

3.6.6 Fire Hazard Reduction & Prevention

3.6.7 Environmental Reporting Requirements

3.6.8 Stop-Work Authority

3.7 Reporting, GIS, and Photo Documentation

3.7.1 GENERAL REPORTING STANDARDS

3.7.2 DAILY WORK LOGS

3.7.3 GIS REQUIREMENTS

3.7.4 PHOTO DOCUMENTATION REQUIREMENTS

3.7.5 BI-WEEKLY PROGRESS REPORTS (WPR)

Performance Work Statement (PWS)

3.7.6 FINAL COMPLETION DOCUMENTATION

3.8 Health and Safety

3.8.1 Contractor Safety & Health Program

3.8.2 General Safety Requirements

3.8.3 Equipment Operation and Safety Controls

3.8.4 Herbicide Application Safety Requirements

3.8.5 Environmental and Biological Safety Protections

3.8.6 Emergency Preparedness and Response

3.8.7 Stop Work Authority

3.8.8 Compliance Verification

3.8.9 Governing Standards and References

3.9 Contractor Site Use

3.9.1 Access, Limits of Disturbance, and Movement Within the Site

3.9.2 Staging, Laydown, and Storage Areas

3.9.3 Temporary Facilities, Utilities, and Sanitation

3.9.4 Waste, Debris, Fuel, and Chemical Management

3.9.5 Interaction With Public, Government Personnel, and Livestock

3.9.6 Protection of Existing Features and Government Property

3.9.7 Site Housekeeping and Daily Maintenance

3.9.8 Security and Site Control

3.9.9 Responsibilities at Demobilization

4.0 Quality Assurance and Progress Payments

4.1 Quality Assurance Plan

4.1.1 Contractor Quality Assurance (QA) Program

4.2 Quality Assurance Surveillance Plan (QASP)

4.2.1 Purpose of the QASP

Performance Work Statement (PWS)

4.2.2 Surveillance Responsibilities

4.2.3 Surveillance Activities and Inspection Methods

4.2.4 Documentation and Corrective Actions

4.2.5 QASP Updates and Application

4.2.6 Relationship to Contractor Quality Control (CQC)

4.3 Government Observation for Field Quality Control

4.4 Measurement, Verification & Progress Payments

4.4.1 Basis of Measurement

4.4.2 Verification Methods

4.4.3 Progress Payment Requests (PPR)

4.4.4 Government Review and Approval

4.4.5 Final Acceptance

4.5 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA

4.5.1 Mechanical Treatment Acceptance

4.5.2 Herbicide Treatment Acceptance

4.5.3 Environmental & Cultural Compliance Acceptance

4.5.4 Reporting, Documentation, and GIS Acceptance

4.5.5 Final Acceptance

Appendix A: Submittals for Award Consideration

Appendix B: Species Identification Aides

Appendix C: Site Maps

Appendix D: Quality Assurance Surveillance Plan

Performance Work Statement (PWS)

Acronyms & Definitions AAO – Albuquerque Area Office (U.S. Bureau of Reclamation).

APHIS –U.S. Department of Agriculture plant protection standards regarding herbicide usage.

AHA/JHA – Activity Hazard Analysis; a task specific hazard identification and mitigation document required under RSHS.

ANSI – American National Standards Institute; provides consensus safety standards.

ARPA – Archaeological Resources Protection Act; federal law prohibiting unauthorized disturbance of archaeological resources on public lands.

ASABE – American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers; establishes technical standards such as droplet size codes used in herbicide application.

ASTM – American Society for Testing and Materials; provides standard methods for testing (e.g., spray pattern/swath testing).

BOR / USBR – United States Bureau of Reclamation; federal agency responsible for project-area resource management.

CFR – Code of Federal Regulations; contains federal regulatory requirements applicable to this contract (e.g., OSHA, FAA, ARPA).

CGL – Commercial General Liability Insurance; required contractor insurance coverage.

CLIN – Contract Line-Item Number; used to structure contract pricing.

CO – Contracting Officer; authorized government official responsible for contract award and administration.

COR – Contracting Officer’s Representative; government technical representative overseeing field compliance and performance.

CWA – Clean Water Act; governs activities and discharges near or within waters of the U.S., including Caballo Reservoir.

Performance Work Statement (PWS)

CDMP – Calibration and Drift Management Plan; required plan governing aerial herbicide calibration, meteorological limits, and drift controls.

CDMS – Contract Document Management System; used to manage contractor submittals, reports, and documentation (if implemented by Reclamation).

DOL- Department of Labor

ECCP – Environmental & Cultural Compliance Plan; contractor plan describing how NEPA/ESA/NHPA/ARPA compliance requirements will be met.

EPA – U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; regulates pesticide labeling, water permits, and environmental compliance.

ESA – Endangered Species Act; requires avoidance of impacts to listed species such as the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher and Yellow billed Cuckoo.

FAA – Federal Aviation Administration; regulates aircraft, pilots, and aerial pesticide application under 14 CFR Part 137.

FAR – Federal Acquisition Regulation; governs all federal procurement.

GIS – Geographic Information System; used for geospatial deliverables, mapping, and verification of treatment work.

GNSS – Global Navigation Satellite System; positioning technology used for GPS based treatment documentation.

GFE – Government Furnished Equipment; equipment supplied by the Government if applicable.

GPS – Global Positioning System; used for logging treatment areas, photo points, and field documentation.

HAZCOM – Hazard Communication Standard; OSHA requirement covering training and handling of hazardous substances.

IGCE – Independent Government Cost Estimate; government estimate supporting evaluation of proposed pricing.

Performance Work Statement (PWS)

IPM – Integrated Pest Management; framework for controlling invasive plants consistent with DOI practices.

JHA – Job Hazard Analysis; safety planning tool required for each definable feature of work.

KMZ/KML – GIS file formats used for contractor mapping submittals, including polygons for treatment areas.

MBTA – Migratory Bird Treaty Act; prohibits take of migratory birds, active nests, or eggs;

requires surveys and buffers during April 1–August 31 nesting season.

NEPA – National Environmental Policy Act; requires environmental review and Government issued compliance documentation.

NMAC – New Mexico Administrative Code; contains state pesticide applicator requirements.

NMDOT – New Mexico Department of Transportation; may apply to haul routes or road permits if needed.

NMDA – New Mexico Department of Agriculture; issues herbicide applicator licenses and pesticide program oversight.

OSHA – Occupational Safety and Health Administration; sets worker health and safety requirements.

PDMP – Pesticide Discharge Management Plan; required if thresholds are met for NPDES pesticide permitting near water.

PGP – Pesticide General Permit (EPA); applies to treatment activities in or near waters of the U.S.

PPE – Personal Protective Equipment; required safety equipment such as gloves, eye protection, helmets, and chemical-rated gear.

PWS – Performance Work Statement; defines all technical requirements for the project.

QA – Quality Assurance; Government oversight and acceptance processes to verify compliance.

Performance Work Statement (PWS)

QARP – Quality Assurance & Recordkeeping Plan; contractor's plan for internal quality control, documentation, and traceability.

QASP – Quality Assurance Surveillance Plan; Government plan for surveillance and inspection of contractor performance.

RB – Root Ball; woody root structure requiring extraction to prevent resprouting of tornillo and salt cedar.

RSHS – Reclamation Safety and Health Standards; mandatory USBR safety requirements for construction and vegetation work.

SDS – Safety Data Sheet; required documentation for chemicals, fuels, and herbicides.

SHP – Safety & Health Plan; contractor’s site-specific safety program.

SUP – Site Use Plan; describes contractor use of staging areas, access routes, fueling zones, and temporary facilities.

UAS – Unmanned Aircraft System (drone); allowed for herbicide application only if operating under Part 137 exemption/COA and state licensing.

UTM – Universal Transverse Mercator; geospatial coordinate system used for mapping deliverables (project standard: NAD83 / UTM Zone 13N).

WPR – Biweekly Progress Report; required contractor progress and compliance reporting.

WMFHP – Waste, Material & Fuel Handling Plan; describes fuel storage, waste management, and spill prevention procedures.

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

The Elephant Butte Field Division (EBFD) of the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation is responsible for vegetation management within the Caballo Reservoir boundary, targeting non-beneficial phreatophyte vegetation such as salt cedar (Tamarix spp.) and tornillo/screwbean mesquite (Prosopis spp.). Activities support reservoir operations, water delivery efficiency, wildfire-risk reduction, and habitat protection.

1.2 Purpose

This PWS establishes all requirements for mechanical vegetation treatment, herbicide treatment (aerial and ground), biomass management, slash disposal, environmental and cultural compliance, reporting, safety, quality assurance, and administrative activities needed to execute vegetation management at Caballo Reservoir.

The purpose of this vegetation management effort is to reduce, remove, and control phreatophyte plant species—primarily salt cedar (Tamarix spp.), tornillo/screwbean mesquite (Prosopis spp.); deep-rooted water-consuming woody vegetation—within designated management zones at Caballo Reservoir in southern New Mexico.

These actions are intended to improve reservoir operations and water delivery efficiency, enhance flood storage and conveyance capacity, reduce wildfire fuel loads, support habitat management objectives, and maintain access for maintenance and monitoring activities. The work supports Reclamation’s ongoing resource stewardship responsibilities by promoting sustainable vegetation conditions, minimizing hydrologic impacts from phreatophyte encroachment, and helping maintain the functionality and safety of reservoir infrastructure and associated project lands.

Performance Work Statement (PWS)

1.3 Site Description

Vegetation management activities will occur within designated operational and environmental management zones surrounding Caballo Reservoir, located along the Rio Grande in Sierra County, New Mexico. The action area includes reservoir shorelines, the fluctuating littoral zone, deltaic deposits at the reservoir’s northern inflow, associated riparian benches, tributary drainages, and adjacent upland desert scrub transition zones influenced by variable reservoir elevations. Habitat conditions within the project area are shaped by reservoir management, sediment deposition, and hydrologic variability, resulting in a mosaic of vegetation types that include dense stands of non-native salt cedar (Tamarix spp.), tornillo/screwbean mesquite (Prosopis spp.), mesquite shrublands, mixed salt desert scrub, and scattered native riparian vegetation such as willow and cottonwood regeneration in limited patches. Soils range from saturated silts and fine alluvium in low-lying depositional areas to compacted clays, sands, and gravel bars in shoreline or upland locations.

The action area may provide potential habitat for special-status species protected under the Endangered Species Act (ESA), including species associated with the Rio Grande corridor. Project operations must be implemented in compliance with all applicable National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and Endangered Species Act (ESA) requirements, including avoidance and minimization measures to protect sensitive habitats, federally listed species, migratory birds, and cultural resources. Seasonal reservoir fluctuations, intermittent surface water, unstable sediment, and dense woody vegetation may affect site access and operational safety. Contractors shall conduct all work in accordance with established environmental protection measures, including Endangered Species Act biological timing restrictions, Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA) surveys, avoidance buffers, and soil-disturbance minimization procedures. All activities shall remain within approved disturbance limits defined in project environmental compliance documents.

1.4 Targeted Phreatophyte Species Identification

The Caballo Reservoir vegetation-management project focuses on the removal and control of non-beneficial, high-water-use phreatophyte species that adversely affect reservoir

Performance Work Statement (PWS) operations, water conveyance, and riparian ecosystem conditions. The principal target phreatophytes include tornillo (screwbean mesquite) and salt cedar (Tamarix spp.), both of which exhibit deep or extensive root systems, high evapotranspiration rates, and strong vegetative resilience requiring complete root-crown removal or herbicide control.

1.4.1 Tornillo (Screwbean Mesquite) – Prosopis pubescens and Prosopis reptans var. cinerascens

A. General Appearance

Two forms of tornillo may occur in the project area: a shrub- or vine-like form (P. reptans var. cinerascens) and a small tree (P. pubescens). These plants:

• Form dense thickets or single-stem tree structures

• Grow approximately 8–23 feet tall in the tree form

• Display open or vase-shaped canopies depending on age and hydrology

B. Leaves & Spines

• Fine, bipinnate compound leaves

• P. pubescens typically exhibits straight, paired spines 1–3 cm long at leaf bases

• Branches may be thorny, twisted, or intricately interwoven

C. Flowers & Pods

• Produces fragrant yellowish flower spikes in spring or early summer

• Seedpods are distinctive, spiraled “screwbean” forms ranging from 5–8 cm long

• Pods persist and may accumulate beneath trees, aiding identification

D. Bark & Branches

• Light brown bark on mature shrubs or trees

• Twisted, thorn-bearing branchlets in the shrub form

Performance Work Statement (PWS)

• Thicket-forming potential in mesic or seasonally wet zones

E. Root System

Tornillo’s root system is a major factor in vegetation-management complexity:

• Strong, deep taproot capable of penetrating several feet

• Lateral roots may spread widely and sprout new stems

• Root crown (located 1–6 inches below surface) is the primary regrowth point

• Dense, woody, irregularly shaped crown tissue must be fully removed to prevent resprouting

F. Management Significance

• Mechanical extraction must fully remove the root crown to avoid rapid regrowth

• Herbicide application (aerial or ground) targets canopy and crown structure

• Slash, biomass, and oversized debris must be handled per Section 2.2 requirements

1.4.2 Salt Cedar (Tamarix spp.)

A. General Appearance

Salt cedar is a deeply rooted, non-native, aggressively spreading deciduous shrub or small tree occurring extensively in riparian and deltaic zones of Caballo Reservoir. It is characterized by:

• Heights of 6–20 feet

• Many-stemmed, whip-like branches forming dense, impenetrable thickets

• Uniform linear or brush-like stand structure along arroyos and watercourses

B. Leaves

Performance Work Statement (PWS)

• Tiny, scale-like, overlapping leaves tightly appressed to stems

• Gray-green to blue-green coloration

• Resemble conifer needles but softer and more flexible

C. Flowers

• Dense spikes or plume-like clusters of pink to white flowers

• Bloom typically occurs late spring through summer

• Heavy seed production enables rapid colonization

D. Branches & Bark

• Slender branches often reddish-green when young

• Older bark transitions to reddish-brown or gray and may shred

• Highly flexible stems creating notable “feathery” appearance

E. Root System

Salt cedar possesses one of the most aggressive and resilient root systems among western phreatophytes:

• Extensive lateral roots capable of re-sprouting from any fragment containing crown tissue

• Large, woody root crown typically 2–10 inches below the soil surface

• Deep taproot adapted to drought and fluctuating water tables

• Regeneration potential is high if crown removal or herbicide penetration is incomplete

F. Management Significance

• Effective long-term control requires removal of root crowns or application of approved herbicides.

Performance Work Statement (PWS)

• Dense stands generate large woody biomass requiring structured slash-pile management and seasoning (30–90 days).

• Mechanical work must prevent spread of viable plant fragments during handling.

1.4.3 Management Implications for Both Species

Both tornillo and salt cedar are:

• High water-use phreatophytes, reducing reservoir efficiency and groundwater-surface interactions

• Resprouting species, demanding complete mechanical removal of root crowns or appropriately calibrated herbicide application

• Biomass-intensive, generating both mulch-suitable and oversized woody material requiring compliant handling as detailed in Sections 2.2

• Habitat modifiers, influencing nesting bird considerations (MBTA/ESA) detailed in Section 3.7

1.5 Endangered Species Act (ESA) – Special-Status Species

Identification Applicable to All Vegetation-Management Operations in the Caballo Reservoir Project Area

The Caballo Reservoir project area lies within the Rio Grande corridor and includes riparian benches, littoral zones, deltaic deposits, and desert-scrub transition zones that may support habitat for ESA-listed bird species. As stated within the project environmental-compliance overview, portions of the site may provide suitable or potentially occupied habitat for both the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher and the Western Yellow-Billed Cuckoo, both of which are federally protected under the Endangered Species Act and the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA).

Performance Work Statement (PWS)

Vegetation-management operations must therefore incorporate measures to avoid take, protect suitable habitat, and comply with biological-timing restrictions, as mandated under NEPA/ESA determinations and MBTA requirements described in Section 3.4 Environmental & Cultural Compliance.

1.5.1 Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus)

A. General Identification

The Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (SWFL) is a small insectivorous songbird typically found in dense riparian vegetation along rivers, streams, and reservoir inflows—habitats known to occur within segments of the Caballo Reservoir management area. Typical features include:

• Size approximately 5.5 inches; slender profile

• Olive-gray upper body, pale throat and chest, light-colored belly

• Distinct white eye-ring and faint wingbars

• Song: sharp “fitz-bew” descending call, frequently used for detections

B. Habitat Characteristics

Suitable habitat commonly consists of:

• Dense willow (Salix spp.) thickets or mixed riparian vegetation

• Areas with saturated soils, shallow groundwater, or slow-moving surface water

• Riparian patches intermixed with salt cedar, cottonwood, or mixed phreatophyte assemblages

The northern deltaic inflow zones and mature riparian benches in the Caballo project area can support the vegetation structure preferred by SWFL.

C. Nesting Season and ESA/MBTA Restrictions

Performance Work Statement (PWS)

• Primary nesting period: May 1 – August 31

• Work within suitable habitat during nesting season must follow:

o Mandatory pre-activity nest surveys coordinated through the COR and biological staff o Imposition of Government-directed avoidance buffers around active or in-use nests o Alternate work sequencing when biological restrictions prevent activity in planned polygons

D. Contractor Obligations

Contractor shall:

• Stop work immediately upon discovery or suspected presence of an active nest

• Maintain buffer zones, flagging, and no-entry per Government direction

• Document observations in daily logs and coordinate with the COR (Aligned with reporting and MBTA protocols required by the PWS.)

1.5.2 Western Yellow-Billed Cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus occidentalis)

A. General Identification

The Western Yellow-Billed Cuckoo (YBCU) is a medium-sized, slender bird associated with mature riparian woodland patches. Key identification traits include:

• Body length ~11–12 inches

• Grayish-brown upperparts with white underparts

• Long tail with bold white spots

• Distinct yellow lower mandible

• Low, repetitive “ka-ka-ka-ka-kow” or “kowlp” call

B. Habitat Characteristics

Suitable habitat typically includes:

• Large, multi-layered riparian forest stands

• Willow-cottonwood or mixed phreatophyte gallery forests

• Extensive patches with dense understory for nesting

• Areas with seasonal water influence, such as reservoir inflow zones and riparian benches

The riparian mosaic within the Caballo Reservoir action area has the structural potential to support foraging and nesting YBCU habitat.

C. Nesting Season and ESA/MBTA Restrictions

• Primary nesting period: June 1 – September 30

• Surveys and clearance procedures required before vegetation disturbance during nesting season

• Mandatory avoidance buffers (50–300 ft or as directed) consistent with MBTA/ESA and project biological requirements

• Seasonal restrictions may modify sequencing for mechanical or herbicide operations

D. Contractor Obligations

The Contractor shall:

• Coordinate proposed polygon work areas 2 weeks in advance for required biological surveys

Performance Work Statement (PWS)

• Maintain Government-established no-work zones around active nests

• Shift operations to preapproved alternate polygons if nesting restrictions affect primary work areas

• Record nest locations (as directed) without disclosing sensitive coordinates publicly (cultural/environmental confidentiality requirements apply)

1.5.3 General ESA Compliance Requirements

Applicable to Both Species

The Contractor must incorporate the following into all operations:

1. Biological Timing Compliance All vegetation-management work must respect seasonal restrictions for SWFL and YBCU. Work in suitable habitat outside nesting seasons should be prioritized when feasible.

2. Government-Directed Surveys Surveys are conducted by Agency biologists coordinated through the COR or designated representatives. Contractor must supply parcel maps sufficiently in advance to support survey scheduling.

3. Avoidance Buffers Buffers typically range 50–300 ft, adjusted based on species, habitat, and active nest status. Work may resume only after Government confirmation of nest inactivity.

4. Alternate Work Sequencing Contractor must maintain operational flexibility to support continuation of work outside restricted areas.

5. Documentation All wildlife observations, buffer implementations, delays, and biological constraints must be documented in Daily Logs and Bi-Weekly Progress Reports.

2.0 SCOPE OF WORK

This section defines all work activities required for mechanical treatment, biomass processing, and herbicide application operations for the Caballo Reservoir Vegetation Management Project.

All work shall comply with the environmental, cultural, safety, drift-management, and reporting requirements described in the Performance Work Statement

2.1 Mechanical Vegetation Treatment General Requirements

Mechanical vegetation removal includes mowing/brush cutting, root-crown extraction, biomass seasoning, mulching/chipping, and on-site slash-pile construction of oversized woody material.

All mechanical operations must:

• Remove all salt cedar and tornillo root crowns, as crown tissue is the primary regrowth point.

• Manage all woody biomass in compliance with slash-pile drying and mulching requirements.

• Prevent disturbance to environmental or cultural resources per NEPA, ESA, MBTA, NHPA, and ARPA requirements.

• Follow wildland-fire prevention controls (spark arrestors, inspections, weather shutdowns) per RSHS and NFPA 241.

Site Restoration

• Fill and level excavation depressions where practical.

• Remove temporary access impacts where feasible.

• Maintain protection of sensitive areas per environmental restrictions.

Performance Work Statement (PWS)

2.2 Mechanical Treatment Specifications

2.2.1 Pre-Cutting and Brush Reduction

Contractor shall conduct wide-area mowing or brush cutting to expose root crowns and facilitate excavator access. Mowing shall:

• Create continuous access lanes,

• Remove fine stem structures characteristic of salt cedar, and

Prepare ground for safe mechanical entry.

2.2.2 Root-Crown Extraction

Root-ball extraction must remove the entire:

• Root crown (typically 2–10 inches below surface for salt cedar),

• Taproot connection (tornillo),

• Lateral root-sprouting tissues.

• Stump fragments containing viable crown tissue shall not remain in place.

Crown removal must address:

• Deep taproots

• Extensive radial roots capable of resprouting

• Multi-stem clusters emerging from single crowns

All crowns must be removed to meet acceptance criteria and prevent regrowth.

2.2.3 Oversized Biomass (>24") Slash-Pile Construction

Oversized biomass includes:

• Root crowns greater than 24 inches in longest dimension;

• Major boles or trunks >24 inches;

• Tornillo or salt-cedar segments unsuitable for mulching;

• Soil-laden or fibrous root masses.

Performance Work Statement (PWS)

Oversized Slash-Pile Specifications

Contractor shall:

1. Construct piles only in Government-approved staging areas identified in the Site

Use Plan.

2. Ensure piles:

o Promote internal airflow, o Prevent soil contamination, o Avoid standing water, o Are built in stable, interlocking layers.

3. Maintain minimum 30 to 90-day seasoning, required prior to mulching.

4. Keep piles clear of cultural resources, drainage paths, and public/recreation use areas.

5. Implement fire-prevention controls per RSHS/NFPA.

2.2.4 Biomass Mulching and Chipping Specifications

Biomass categorized as mulch-suitable shall be processed following best practices:

Chip Size Requirements

• Average chip size: 1–3 inches

• Maximum dimension: 6 inches

• Stringers: ≤12 inches

• Fine particulates: <15% of volume

Seasoning Requirements

• Slash must air-dry for at least 30–90 days before chipping.

• Material must be sufficiently dry to avoid clogging and excessive stringer output.

• Salt cedar must dry to reduce internal moisture and salts that corrode equipment.

Prohibited Chipping

• Soil-contaminated root masses

• Material >24"

Performance Work Statement (PWS)

• Saturated debris or fine sediment

• Mixed salt-cedar/tornillo clods with excessive moisture

Mulch Placement

Mulched biomass shall be:

• Distributed evenly in Government-designated areas,

• Applied at depths requested by the COR (typically 1–3 inches),

• Kept clear of sensitive habitat, cultural sites, and drainage features.

2.3 Density Classifications for Mechanical Treatment

Vegetation-density categories are used to determine production rates, root-ball extraction counts, biomass generation volumes, and mechanical-treatment effort within each Parcel.

The following density classes apply equally to salt cedar and tornillo, unless otherwise specified:

2.3.1 Moderate Density (Baseline Reference)

Moderate density represents the lower bound of dense phreatophyte encroachment at Caballo.

• Root balls per acre: 120

• Biomass per acre: ~21 CY (6 CY tornillo + 15 CY salt cedar)

• Operational characteristics:

o Mixed shrub/tree structure with open pockets o Mechanical access available with minimal pre-cutting o Root-ball extraction achievable with fewer passes

Performance Work Statement (PWS)

2.3.2 High Density (Definition)

High Density describes high stem count, dense canopy cover, and substantial woody mass, requiring significantly increased mechanical effort.

Quantitative Indicators

• Root balls per acre: 180

• Biomass per acre: ~31.5 CY

• Tornillo biomass: ~9 CY/ac

• Salt cedar biomass: ~22.5 CY/ac

Field Characteristics

• Dense, interlocking shrub/tree matrix with minimal operator visibility

• High stem count requiring pre-cutting and brushing for equipment access

• Increased lateral root density producing more root-ball fragments

• Elevated risk of equipment entanglement in salt cedar whip-branch structure

• Greater chipping time and pile-seasoning volume

Operational Implications

• Slower mechanical production rates

• Higher fuel consumption and equipment wear

• More intensive GPS/photo documentation due to complex polygons

• Increased staging area required for slash and oversized biomass

2.3.3 Mature Density (Definition)

Mature Density represents the highest structural complexity and woody volume of both species, typically associated with long-established stands in riparian or deltaic zones.

Quantitative Indicators

• Root balls per acre: 240

Performance Work Statement (PWS)

• Biomass per acre: ~42 CY

• Tornillo biomass: ~12 CY/ac

• Salt cedar biomass: ~30 CY/ac

Field Characteristics

• Mature salt cedar forming multi-stem thickets 12–20 ft tall

• Tornillo trees displaying thick basal stems and extensive lateral roots

• Root crowns large (2–10 inches deep) with dense, fibrous structure

• Very high canopy closure, often 80–100%

• Heavy accumulation of dead/down woody debris beneath live stands

• Ground surfaces unstable due to accumulated organic and alluvial deposition

Operational Implications

• Maximum difficulty of root-ball extraction due to oversize crown mass

• Highest slash-pile seasoning volume (30–90+ days)

• More oversized debris requiring off-site haul

• Slowest production rates and greatest need for operator skill

• Increased safety mitigation (visibility, fire load, mechanical hazards)

2.4. Mechanical Vegetation Treatment- Targeted Parcels

2.4.1 Mechanical Vegetation Treatment- Parcel C East Side of River Parcel C encompasses 100 acres of mixed species salt cedar (Tamarix spp.) and Tornillo targeted for full mechanical vegetation treatment as part of the Caballo Reservoir vegetation-management effort. The parcel contains a mixture of High Density and Mature Density phreatophyte stands, requiring elevated levels of mechanical effort, biomass handling, and root-crown extraction. The Contractor shall conduct full mechanical removal across the 100-acre Parcel C area.

• 60 acres- High Density 75%/25% species mix with dominant salt cedar stands

• 40 acres- High Density 75%/25% species mix with dominant salt cedar stands

2.4.2 Mechanical Vegetation Treatment- Parcel D West Side of River Parcel D encompasses 515 acres of mixed species salt cedar (Tamarix spp.) and Tornillo targeted for full mechanical vegetation treatment as part of the Caballo Reservoir vegetation-management effort. The parcel contains a mixture of High Density and Mature Density phreatophyte stands, requiring elevated levels of mechanical effort, biomass handling, and root-crown extraction. The Contractor shall conduct full mechanical removal across the 515-acre Parcel D area.

• 334 acres- Moderate Density 50%/50% species mix

• 116 acres- High Density 75%/25% species mix with dominant salt cedar stands

• 65 acres- Mature Density salt cedar stands

2.5 Herbicide Treatment

Foliar treatment of tornillo using approved herbicides, with calibration, buffer adherence, and environmental restrictions.

2.5.1 Ground Tornillo Herbicide Application – Parcel A (106 Acres) Parcel A includes 106 acres designated for ground-based tornillo herbicide treatment along the east side riverbank.

Ground Application Requirements

1. Apply foliar herbicide using UTV-mounted sprayers, backpack sprayers, or equivalent ground equipment.

2. Follow all label requirements and NMDA herbicide restrictions and guidelines.

Performance Work Statement (PWS)

3. Maintain spray pressure, nozzle type, droplet size, and mixing ratios as identified in the approved Herbicide Treatment Plan.

4. Observe drift-management requirements:

o Wind speeds: 3–15 mph, o No temperature inversions, o Maintain required no-spray buffers.

5. Document all herbicide application using GPS-based mapping and daily logs.

2.5.2 Aerial Tornillo Herbicide Application – Parcel B (646 Acres) Low-level aerial herbicide operations following FAA Part 137, CDMP standards, weather limits, buffer zones, and environmental restrictions. Calibration, droplet-size control, and drift mitigation required. Parcel B includes 646 acres of tornillo requiring aerial herbicide application.

Aerial Application Requirements

1. Conduct operations under FAA Part 137 and NMDA licensing requirements.

2. Submit an Aerial Herbicide Application Plan

3. Use aircraft equipped with:

o Flow-control systems, o Drift-reduction nozzles, o Dye-test capabilities.

4. Maintain operational parameters:

o Release height ≤10 ft above canopy, Performance Work Statement (PWS) o Medium or coarser droplet size (ASABE S572/S641), o Minimum 50-ft downwind buffer (or label-specified), o No operations during inversions or above wind limits.

5. Conduct pre-flight calibration and swath testing.

6. Maintain real-time communication between pilot, ground crew, and EBFD representative.

Public Interface Controls

• Establish exclusion zones where the public may not enter during aerial operations.

• Visibly flag operational boundaries.

• Halt operations if any member of the public enters the buffer zone.

3.0 ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT

The Contractor shall manage, organize, communicate, and document all vegetation‑management activities at Caballo Reservoir in accordance with the administrative, reporting, safety, environmental, and compliance requirements described in this Section. All obligations herein are mandatory and enforceable throughout the period of performance.

3.1 Contract Document Management System (CDMS)

The Government shall operate a Contract Document Management System (CDMS) using an EBFD-managed Microsoft Teams project channel (hereafter “CDMS”), which will serve as the official administrative and technical repository for all contract-required documentation throughout the performance period. All Contractor submissions, correspondence, logs, GIS files, environmental compliance documentation, and

Performance Work Statement (PWS) progress-payment materials shall be uploaded to the CDMS in accordance with this section.

3.1.1 Purpose and Function

The CDMS provides a centralized, secure, time-stamped location for:

• Submittals and Government approvals

• Plans, permits, and certifications

• Safety documentation (SHP, JHAs, SDS, incident reports)

• Environmental & cultural compliance documentation

• Daily Logs, WPRs, and Progress Payment Requests

• GIS and photo deliverables

• Meeting minutes, schedules, and technical correspondence

The CDMS is the official contract record. Any submission not uploaded to the CDMS is considered not submitted.

3.1.2 Access and Permissions

The Government will:

Create and administer the Microsoft Teams project channel and its associated SharePoint file structure.

Provide the Contractor with named-user access for authorized personnel only.

Manage permissions to ensure record integrity and version control.

The Contractor shall:

• Designate no more than three (3) primary users for upload authority.

• Immediately request access changes when personnel turnover occurs.

• Maintain secure access credentials; sharing of logins is prohibited.

Performance Work Statement (PWS)

3.1.3 CDMS Folder Structure

The Government will establish standard folders within the Teams/SharePoint environment, including but not limited to:

• 00_Contract Administration

• 01_Submittals & Plans (SHP, ECCP, WMFHP, CDMP, Herbicide Plans, SUP, QARP, etc.)

• 02_Safety & Incident Documentation

• 03_Environmental & Cultural Compliance

• 04_Daily Logs

• 05_WPR (Bi-Weekly Progress Reports)

• 06_GIS & Mapping Files

• 07_Photo Documentation

• 08_Payment Documentation (PPR)

• 09_Correspondence & Meeting Minutes

The Government may add, remove, or reorganize folders as needed.

3.1.4 File Naming Conventions

All Contractor documents shall follow the naming standard:

Caballo_[Parcel/Task][YYYYMMDD][DocumentType]_[Version].ext

Examples:

• Caballo_PrcD_20260412_DailyLog_v1.pdf

• Caballo_AllParcels_20260501_WPR_v2.pdf

• Caballo_PrcA_20260420_GIS_TreatedPolygons_v1.kmz

• Caballo_PrcC_20260710_Photos_PostTreatment_v3.zip

Files not conforming to naming requirements may be rejected.

Performance Work Statement (PWS)

3.1.5 Submittal Workflow

Unless otherwise specified:

Contractor uploads documents to the appropriate CDMS folder.

Contractor notifies the COR within Teams chat or by tagging in the file comment.

COR reviews for completeness and issues:

• “APPROVED,”

• “APPROVED AS NOTED,” or

• “REVISE AND RESUBMIT.”

Submittal history remains stored in the CDMS as the official record.

No work requiring submittal approval may begin until an APPROVED or APPROVED AS NOTED status is posted to the CDMS.

3.1.6 Document Version Control

All resubmittals must include incremental version numbers (v2, v3, etc.).

Superseded documents shall not be deleted by the Contractor.

The Government reserves the right to reject:

• Unlabeled versions

• Documents overwriting older files without version identifiers

• Files uploaded to incorrect folders

3.1.7 GIS and Photo Deliverable Integration

All geospatial and photo deliverables must be uploaded to their designated CDMS folders and linked within WPRs.

GIS:

• Upload raw data, processed layers, and PDF maps.

Performance Work Statement (PWS)

• Include metadata with coordinate system (NAD83/UTM Zone 13N), device accuracy, and date/time.

Photos:

• Upload JPEGs individually or in zipped sets.

• Include the photo index correlating PhotoID → GPS point.

Failure to upload required GIS or photo documentation will result in withheld payment for associated work units.

3.1.8 Daily Logs, WPRs, and Progress Payment Documentation

Daily Logs shall be uploaded weekly; WPRs shall be uploaded bi-weekly.

A complete Progress Payment Request (PPR) must include all documentation required in Section 4.4 and be placed in the 08_Payment Documentation folder.

Incomplete uploads or unverified documentation constitute an incomplete PPR.

3.1.9 Communication Protocols

Microsoft Teams chat and posts within the CDMS channel may be used for:

• Routine communication

• Technical clarification requests

• Notifications of file upload

• Coordination of biological surveys, schedule updates, or weather-related constraints

However:

Formal contract direction will only be issued by the Contracting Officer.

Technical direction by the COR shall be confirmed through written Teams posts or file responses.

Performance Work Statement (PWS)

3.1.10 Record Retention, Security, and Data Integrity

All documentation within the CDMS shall remain Government property.

The Contractor shall not delete, alter, or obscure historical records.

The Government may export or archive CDMS contents at any time.

3.1.11 Noncompliance

Failure to properly upload required documents or maintain accurate CDMS records may result in:

• Rejection of submittals

• Withheld progress payments

• Stop-Work orders for critical documentation failures

• Noncompliance findings under QASP

• Termination for default in severe cases

The Government’s determination of CDMS compliance is final.

3.2 Insurance

General Requirements

This section establishes the minimum insurance and bonding requirements specifically tied to Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) regulations governing aerial herbicide operations and New Mexico Department of Agriculture (NMDA) requirements governing pesticide application licensing, compliance, and financial responsibility. These requirements apply to all herbicide activities conducted under this Contract.

Performance Work Statement (PWS)

3.2.1 FAA-Required Insurance (14 CFR Part 137)

For any aerial herbicide application, the Contractor shall maintain insurance consistent with the operational requirements of FAA 14 CFR Part 137 – Agricultural Aircraft Operations

3.2.2 NMDA-Required Insurance for Herbicide Application

All herbicide applicators must comply with New Mexico Department of Agriculture (NMDA) Pesticide Compliance requirements applicable to commercial pesticide applicators. The Contractor shall furnish the following evidence:

1. Financial Responsibility Required for NMDA Licensing

• NMDA requires commercial pesticide applicators to maintain financial responsibility (insurance or bond) as a condition of licensing.

• Coverage must include property damage, bodily injury, pesticide drift or misapplication liability.

2. Commercial Pesticide Applicator Licensing (Firm + Applicators)

• The Contractor must provide proof of valid NMDA pesticide business license(s).

• All individuals applying herbicide—ground or aerial—must hold the appropriate

NMDA Commercial Applicator License with the correct category endorsement(s).

3. Herbicide Drift, Overspray, and Spill Liability Coverage

• Insurance must cover damages associated with drift, misapplication, spills, or chemical trespass consistent with NMDA enforcement authority.

• Coverage must remain active for all herbicide operations.

3.2.3 Failure to Maintain Coverage

Failure of the Contractor to provide or maintain required insurance will constitute a material breach of contract, and may result in suspension of work, withholding of payment, or termination for default.

Performance Work Statement (PWS)

3.3 Permits and Regulatory Compliance

The Contractor shall obtain, maintain, and comply with all permits, regulatory authorizations, certifications, and legal requirements necessary to perform mechanical vegetation removal, herbicide application, access, hauling, staging, and all other work activities under this Contract. All work shall be executed in accordance with applicable Federal, State, and Local laws, USBR policies, and agency-mandated environmental compliance conditions described throughout the performance work statement.

Contractor compliance with this section is mandatory and subject to inspection at any time.

3.3.1 Federal Permits and Regulatory Requirements

A. National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)

Work must conform to the Government’s NEPA determinations and all associated mitigation measures. The Contractor shall follow all restrictions, seasonal timing constraints, and operational limits established in NEPA documentation.

(Referenced in project environmental overview.)

B. Endangered Species Act (ESA)

The Contractor shall comply with all ESA-mandated avoidance measures for species including, but not limited to, the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher and the Western Yellow-Billed Cuckoo. Requirements include:

• Obedience to biological timing windows,

• Implementation of Government-directed avoidance buffers,

• Coordination with Agency biologists for pre-activity clearance,

• Immediate work stoppage upon ESA species detection.

(As described in Cultural & Environmental Compliance sections.)

Performance Work Statement (PWS)

C. Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA)

The Contractor shall comply with all MBTA restrictions, including:

• Nesting season window: April 1 – August 31,

• Required AAO biologist surveys prior to work,

• Avoidance buffers of 50–300 ft,

• Full documentation of nest findings and buffer adherence.

No work may proceed within any active-nest buffer until cleared in writing by the CO.

D. National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) – Section 106

All activities must comply with Section 106 processes. If cultural resources or human remains are discovered, the Contractor shall:

1. Stop work immediately,

2. Establish a minimum 100-ft buffer,

3. Secure the site and prevent disturbance,

4. Notify the COR within 24 hours,

5. Await Government direction and clearance prior to resuming work.

E. Archaeological Resources Protection Act (ARPA)

The Contractor shall not disturb, collect, damage, or remove archaeological resources on federal lands. Violations may result in civil or criminal penalties.

F. Clean Water Act (CWA)

If any work has potential to impact waters, riparian corridors, or wetlands associated with Caballo Reservoir, the Contractor shall comply with applicable CWA provisions, including water-quality protection practices, spill prevention, and sediment-control requirements.

Performance Work Statement (PWS)

G. FAA Regulations for Aerial Herbicide Operations

All aerial herbicide activities must comply with:

• 14 CFR Part 137, including aircraft certification and pilot licensing,

• All FAA safety, navigational, and operating rules for low-level flight operations,

• Government-approved flight paths, drift buffers, and meteorological limits.

(From Aerial Herbicide Plan requirements.)

H. EPA Pesticide Label Requirements

EPA herbicide labels carry the full force of federal law. Contractor shall ensure:

• Strict compliance with all product label instructions,

• Use of only approved adjuvants, dyes, and carriers,

• Accurate mixture rates, PPE requirements, and environmental restrictions.

(Referenced in Herbicide Treatment Plan standards.)

3.3.2 State of New Mexico Requirements

A. NM Department of Agriculture (NMDA)

All herbicide applicators (ground or aerial) must maintain current NMDA licenses.

Contractor must ensure:

• Applicators are trained and licensed,

• Equipment is inspected and compliant,

• Pesticide storage, transport, and mixing follow state regulations.

(Referenced in herbicide-plan requirements.)

B. New Mexico Environmental & Cultural Laws

The Contractor shall comply with all applicable state environmental and cultural-resource laws and shall coordinate with the Government on any state-required notifications.

3.3.3 Local and USBR Requirements

A. USBR Land-Use Restrictions

Work must remain within Government-approved disturbance limits. Contractor shall:

• Follow access, staging, and watercraft rules,

• Avoid damage to BOR infrastructure,

• Maintain compliance with site-specific environmental conditions.

(From Site Use and Environmental Compliance sections.)

B. Equipment Inspection & Invasive-Species Prevention

General Requirements

All equipment entering the Project Area shall be clean, drained, and free of soil, plant debris, seeds, aquatic material, oil residues, or other contaminants that may facilitate the spread of invasive species.

Contractor shall maintain documentation showing that all equipment was inspected and cleaned prior to arrival and immediately before demobilization.

Cleaning and inspection logs shall be kept on site and made available to COR upon request.

Pre-Entry Cleaning Requirements

Prior to mobilizing equipment to any treatment polygon, staging area, or access route:

1. Remove all soil, mud, plant material, and organic buildup from tracks, undercarriages, grapples, saw heads, chipper inlets, buckets, stabilizers, and dump‑bed interiors.

2. Drain water tanks, sumps, and internal water‑holding compartments to prevent transport of aquatic invasives.

3. Pressure washing, steam cleaning, or dry mechanical removal shall be performed offsite before equipment is brought onto Reclamation lands.

Performance Work Statement (PWS)

4. Contractor shall not bring equipment on site until it passes a pre‑entry inspection conducted by Contractor personnel and verified by the COR if requested.

On-Site Daily Inspection Requirements

During operations, the Contractor shall:

1. Conduct daily visual inspections for excessive soil accumulation, plant fragments, seed clusters, or aquatic vegetation.

2. Remove any accumulated material before equipment moves between treatment polygons or crosses hydrologic boundaries (riparian channels, deltaic inlets, ephemeral drainages).

3. Avoid parking, refueling, or staging equipment in areas where wash water, dripping fluids, or disturbed soil may enter waterways.

4. Maintain spill-response gear and absorbents near all heavy equipment, consistent with environmental and safety plans.

Documentation and Verification

The Contractor shall maintain:

• Equipment Inspection Logs (pre-entry, daily, post-exit)

• Cleaning/Decontamination Records

• GPS-logged staging areas and wash areas

• Photos documenting pre-entry condition, if requested

• Daily Logs referencing any cleaning, contamination,…