Attachment 03 FSSS.pdf

Forest Service

Supplemental Specifications

2019 ERFO Repairs

GRANDFATHER RANGER DISTRICT

PISGAH NATIONAL FOREST

AVERY, CALDWELL, & BURKE COUNTIES

NORTH CAROLINA

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Preface

101 - Terms, Format, and Definitions

101.01 Meaning of Terms

101.03 Abbreviations

101.04 Definitions

Figure 101-7

102 - Bid, Award, and Execution of Contract

Deletions

103 - Scope of Work

Deletions

104 - Control of Work

Deletions

104.06 Use of Roads by Contractor

104.07 Other Contracts

105 - Control of Material

105.02 Material Sources

105.02(a) Government-provided sources

105.05 Use of Material Found in the Work

106 - Acceptance of Work

106.01 Conformity with Contract Requirements

106.02 Visual Inspection

107 - Legal Relations and Responsibility To the Public

107.02 Protection and Restoration of Property and Landscape

107.05 Responsibility for Damage Claims

107.06 Contractor’s Responsibility for Work

107.08 Sanitation, Health, and Safety

107.09 Legal Relationship of the Parties

107.10 Environmental Protection

108 - Prosecution and Progress

108 Delete

109 - Measurement and Payment

109 Deletions

109.01 Measurement of Work

109.02 Measurement Terms and Definitions

152 - Construction Survey and Staking

152.04 General

152.05 Survey and Staking Requirements

154 - Contractor Sampling and Testing

155 - Schedules for Construction Contracts

155 Delete

157 - Soil Erosion Control

157.04 General

157.08 Water Crossings

157.11 Temporary Turf Establishment

157.12 Inspection and Reporting

157.13 Maintenance and Cleanup

201 - Clearing and Grubbing

201.01 Description

201.02 Material:

201.03 General

201.04 Clearing

203 - Removal of Structures and Obstructions

203.01 Description

203.04 Removing Material

203.05 Disposing of Material

203.08 Payment

204 - Excavation and Embankment

204.01 Description

204.02 Definitions

204.03 Material

204.04 Preparing for Roadway Excavation and Embankment Construction

204.05 Conserved Topsoil

204.06 Roadway Excavation

204.07 Subexcavation

204.08 Borrow Excavation

204.09 Preparing Foundation for Embankment Constrcution

204.10 Embankment Construction

204.11 Compaction

204.12 Drainage Features

204.13 Sloping, Shaping, and Finishing

204.14 Disposal of Unsuitable Material

204.15 Acceptance

204.16 Measurement

204.16 Measurement

204.17 Payment

Table 204-1

Table 204-1 Continued

Table 204-2

251 - Riprap

251.03 General

251.08 Measurement

302 - Treated Aggregate Courses

302.04 Placing Crushed Aggregate

602 - Culverts and Drains

602.02 Material

602.03 General

625 - Turf Establishment

625.01 Description

625.02 Material

625.03 General

625.04 Preparing Seedbed

625.05 Watering

625.06 Fertilizing

625.07 Seeding

625.08 Mulching

625.09 Protecting and Caring for Seeded Areas

625.10 Acceptance

625.11 Measurement

625.12 Payment

635 - Temporary Traffic Control

635.03 General

Additional Specifications - Stream Restoration

Equipment and Operator

In-Stream Structures

Erosion Control

Preface

Preface_wo_03_15_2004_m

Delete all but the first paragraph and add the following:

The Forest Service, US Department of Agriculture has adopted FP-14 for construction of National Forest System Roads.

101 - Terms, Format, and Definitions

101.00_ National_8_10_2023

101.01 Meaning of Terms

Delete all references to the TAR (Transportation Acquisition Regulations) in the specifications.

101.03_ National_8_10_2023

101.03 Abbreviations.

(a) Acronyms.

AGAR – Agriculture Acquisition Regulations

AFPA – American Forest and Paper Association

FSAR – Forest Service Acquisition Regulations

MSHA – Mine Safety and Health Administration

NESC – National Electrical Safety Code

WCLIB – West Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau

(f) Miscellaneous Unit Abbreviations.

MP – Milepost (location)

Ppm – parts per million (volume)

STA – Station (location) 101.04_ National_8_10_2023

101.04 Definitions.

Bid Schedule—The Schedule of Items.

Bridge—A structure, including supports, erected over a depression or an obstruction such as water along a road, a trail, or a railway and having a deck for carrying traffic or other loads.

Contractor—The individual or legal entity contracting with the Government for performance of prescribed work.

Culvert—Any structure with a bottom, regardless of fill depth, depth of invert burial, or presence of horizontal driving surface, or any bottomless (natural channel) structure with footings that will not have wheel loads in direct contact with the top of the structure.

Drawings— (Public Works Contracts) Design sheets or fabrication, erection, or construction details submitted to the CO by the Contractor according to FAR Clause 52.236-21 Specifications and Drawings for Construction. Also refers to submissions and submittals.

Notice to Proceed— (Public Works Contracts) Written notice to the Contractor to begin the contract work.

Right-of-Way— A general term denoting (1) the privilege to pass over land in some line (including easement, lease, permit, or license to occupy, use, or traverse public or private lands), or (2) Real property necessary for the project, including roadway, buffer areas, access, and drainage areas.

Solicitation— (Public Works Contracts) The complete assembly of documents (whether attached or incorporated by reference) furnished to prospective bidders.

Add the following:

Adjustment in Contract Price-- “Equitable adjustment,” as used in the Federal Acquisition Regulations, or “construction cost adjustment,” as used in the Contract, as applicable.

Change--“Change” means “change order” as used in the Federal Acquisition Regulations, or “design change” as used in the Contract.

Design Quantity--“Design quantity” is a Forest Service method of measurement from the FS-96 Forest Service Specifications for the Construction of Roads and Bridges. Under these FP specifications this term is replaced by the term “Contract Quantities”.

Forest Service--The United States of America, acting through the Forest Service, U.S.

Department of Agriculture.

Neat Line--A line defining the proposed or specified limits of an excavation or structure.

Pioneer Road--Temporary construction access built along the route of the project.

Contractor--The individual, partnership, joint venture, or corporation contracting with the Government under the terms of a Contract and acting independently or through agents, employees, or subcontractors.

Road Order--An order affecting and controlling traffic on roads under Forest Service jurisdiction. Road Orders are issued by a designated Forest Officer under the authorities of 36 CFR, part 260.

Schedule of Items--A schedule in the contract that contains a listing and description of construction items, quantities, units of measure, unit price, and amount.

Figure 101-1—Illustration of road structure terms.

102 - Bid, Award, and Execution of Contract

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102 Bid, Award, and Execution of Contract

Delete Section 102 in its entirety.

103 - Scope of Work

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Deletions

Delete all but subsection 103.01 Intent of Contract.

Delete Subsections 103.02, 103.03, 103.04, and 103.05.

104 - Control of Work

104.00_ National_8_10_2023

Deletions Delete Sections 104.01, 104.02, and 104.04.

104.06_National_8_10_2023

Add the following subsection:

104.06 Use of Roads by Contractor

The Contractor is authorized to use roads under the jurisdiction of the Forest Service for all activities necessary to complete this contract, subject to the limitations and authorizations designated in the Road Order(s) or described in the contract, when such use will not damage the roads or national forest resources, and when traffic can be accommodated safely.

104.07_nat_us_02_17_2005

Add Subsection.

104.07 Other Contracts.

Example: The US Forest Service is intending to award several other contracts including a stream crossing on Davis Creek Road and the reconstruction of 40 miles of trails in the Upper Tellico OHV System in the proximity of this project. Schedule activities to assure no delays or interference to the operations of other ongoing contracts.

105 - Control of Material

105.02_nat_us_01_18_2007

105.02 Material Sources.

105.02(a) Government-provided sources.

Comply with the requirements of 30 CFR 56, subparts B and H. Use all suitable material for aggregate regardless of size unless otherwise designated. When required, re-establish vegetation in disturbed areas according to section 625.

105.05_National_8_10_2023

105.05 Use of Material Found in the Work.

Delete 105.05 (a) and (b) and the last sentence of the second paragraph and substitute the following:

Materials produced or processed from Government lands in excess of the quantities required for performance of this contract are the property of the Government. Place excess material safely at government-approved location, at no additional cost to the government.

106 - Acceptance of Work

106.01_ National_8_10_2023

Delete Subsection 106.01 and replace with the following:

106.01 Conformity with Contract Requirements.

Follow the requirements of FAR Clause 52.246-12 Inspection of Construction.

References to standard test methods of AASHTO, ASTM, GSA, and other recognized standard authorities refer to the methods in effect on the date of solicitation for bids.

Perform all work to the lines, grades, cross-sections, dimensions, and processes or material requirements shown on the plans or specified in the contract.

Incorporate manufactured materials into the work according to the manufacturer’s recommendations or to these specifications, whichever is more strict.

Plan dimensions and contract specification values are the values to be strived for and complied with as the design values from which any deviations are allowed. Perform work and provide material that is uniform in character and reasonably close to the prescribed value or within the specified tolerance range. The purpose of a tolerance range is to accommodate occasional minor variations from the median zone that are unavoidable for practical reasons.

When standard manufactured items are specified (such as fence, wire, plates, rolled shapes, pipe conduits, etc., that are identified by gauge, unit mass, section dimensions, etc.), the identification will be considered to be nominal masses or dimensions. Unless specific contract tolerances are noted, established manufacturing tolerances will be accepted.

The Government may inspect, sample, or test all work at any time before final acceptance of the project. When the Government tests work, copies of test reports are furnished to the Contractor upon request. Government tests may or may not be performed at the work site. If Contractor testing and inspection is verified by the Government, the Contractor’s results may be used by the Government to evaluate work for acceptance. Do not rely on the availability of Government test results for process control.

Acceptable work conforming to the contract will be paid for at the contract unit bid price. Four methods of determining conformity and accepting work are described in Subsections 106.02 to

106.05 inclusive. The primary method of acceptance is specified in each Section of work. However, work may be rejected at any time it is found by any of the methods not to comply with the contract.

Remove and replace work that does not conform to the contract, or to prevailing industry standards where no specific contract requirements are noted, at no cost to the Government.

(a) Disputing Government test results.

If the accuracy of Government test results is disputed, promptly inform the CO. If the dispute is unresolved after reasonable steps are taken to resolve the dispute, further evaluation may be obtained by written request. Include a narrative describing the dispute and a proposed resolution protocol that addresses the following:

(1) Sampling method;

(2) Number of samples;

(3) Sample transport;

(4) Test procedures;

(5) Testing laboratories;

(6) Reporting;

(7) Estimated time and costs; and

(8) Validation process.

If the evaluation requires additional sampling or testing be performed, mutually agree with the Government on witnessing procedures and on sampling and testing by a third-party laboratory. Use a third-party laboratory accredited by the AASHTO accreditation program.

Provide proof of the laboratory’s accreditation for the test procedures to be used. Do not use the same laboratory that produced the disputed Government test results or that produced the test results used as a basis for the dispute.

The CO will review the proposed resolution protocol and may modify it before final approval and execution.

The Government will use the approved resolution protocol test results to determine the validity of the disputed testing. If the Government test results are validated, the Contractor will be responsible for all costs associated with developing and performing the resolution protocol. If the Government test results are not validated, the Government will be responsible for all costs associated with developing and performing the resolution protocol.

If the validity of the Government test results cannot be determined, the Contractor and Government will equally share all costs associated with developing and carrying out the resolution protocol.

(b) Alternatives to removing and replacing non-conforming work.

As an alternative to removal and replacement, the Contractor may submit a written request to:

(1) Have the work accepted at a reduced price; or

(2) Be given permission to perform corrective measures to bring the work into conformity.

The request must contain supporting rationale and documentation. Include references or data justifying the proposal based on an evaluation of test results, effect on service life, value of material or work, quality, aesthetics, and other tangible engineering basis. The CO will determine disposition of the nonconforming work.

106.02_ National_8_10_2023

106.02 Visual Inspection.

Acceptance is based on visual inspection of the work for the compliance with the specific contract requirements. Use prevailing industry standards in the absence of specific contract requirements or tolerances.

107 - Legal Relations and Responsibility to the Public

107.02_nat_us_02_17_2005

107.02 Protection and Restoration of Property and Landscape.

Do not work within the wetted perimeter of streams between April 15 and October 15.

Do not disturb any archaeologically significant areas as designated by the COR.

107.05_ National_8_10_2023

107.05 Responsibility for Damage Claims.

Delete the entire subsection.

107.06_nat_us_06_16_2006

107.06 Contractor’s Responsibility for Work.

Delete the following from the first paragraph.

“Except as provided in Subsection 106.07”.

107.08_nat_us_05_11_2004

107.08 Sanitation, Health, and Safety.

Perform all operations in a prudent, conscientious, safe and professional manner. Ensure that all personnel involved in handling and packaging the hazardous waste are trained for the level of expertise required for the proper performance of the task and, in particular, in the areas of chemical incompatibility, general first aid procedures, and spills. Provide handling and personal protective equipment appropriate to ensure safe handling of the hazardous waste according to 29 CFR 1910.120). Notify the Forest Service of all hazardous material that may be brought onto the National Forest.

107.09_nat_us_06_16_2006

107.09 Legal Relationship of the Parties.

Delete the entire subsection.

107.10_nat_us_06_16_2006

107.10 Environmental Protection.

Add the following:

Design and locate equipment repair shops, stationary refueling sites, or other facilities to minimize the potential and impacts of hazardous material spills on Government land.

Before beginning any work, submit a Hazardous Spill Plan. List actions to be taken in the event of a spill. Incorporate preventive measures to be taken, such as the location of mobile refueling facilities, storage and handling of hazardous materials, and similar information. Immediately notify the CO of all hazardous material spills. Provide a written narrative report form no later than 24 hours after the initial report and include the following:

Description of the item spilled (including identity, quantity, manifest number, and other identifying information).

Whether amount spilled is EPA or state reportable, and if so whether it was reported, and to whom.

Exact time and location of spill including a description of the area involved.

Containment procedures.

Summary of any communications the Contractor had with news media, Federal, state and local regulatory agencies and officials, or Forest Service officials.

Description of clean-up procedures employed or to be employed at the site including final disposition and disposal location of spill residue.

When available provide copies of all spill related clean up and closure documentation and correspondence from regulatory agencies.

The Contractor is solely responsible for all spills or leaks that occur during the performance of this contract. Clean up spills or leaks to the satisfaction of the CO and in a manner that complies with Federal, state, and local laws and regulations.

108 - Prosecution and Progress

108.00_ National_8_10_2023

108 Delete.

Delete Section 108 in its entirety.

109 - Measurement and Payment

109.00_ National_8_10_2023

109 Deletions

Delete the following entire subsections:

109.06, 109.07, 109.08, 109.09.

109.01_National_8_10_2023

Delete the third paragraph and Table 109-1 of Subsection 109.01 and replace with the following:

109.01 Measurement of Work.

Take measurements as described in Subsection 109.02 unless otherwise modified by the Measurement Subsection of the section controlling the work being performed. Table 109-1 indicates the accuracy required for quantities of the various pay units used in the Schedule of Items. Use this guide to determine the decimal placement of the final payment.

Table 109-1. Decimal Accuracy of Quantities for Final Payment

Pay Item Level of Precision

Linear Foot Exception—Timber, Steel, and Concrete Piles

0.1

Station 0.1 Mile 0.01 Square Foot 0.1 Square Yard 0.1 Each 1 Acre 0.01 Gallon 1 M-Gals. 0.1 Cubic Yard Exception—Structure Excavation, Sheathing Materials, Bedding, Bed Course, Backfill Materials, and Gabions Exception—Concrete, Masonry

0.1 0.01

Pound 1 Ton Exception—Calcium Chloride, Sodium Chloride, Hydrated Lime, Bituminous Materials, Pavements, and Bed Course Materials

0.1 0.01

Hour 0.1

MFBM 0.01

Station Yard 1 Cubic Yard Mile 1 Ton Mile 1

109.02_ National_8_10_2023

109.02 Measurement Terms and Definitions.

(b) Contract quantity.

Contract quantities will be adjusted only when there are errors in the original design of 15% or more.

152 – Construction Survey and Staking

152.00_National_8_10_2023

Add the following to Subsection 152.04(c):

152.04 General.

(c) Material.

Use required stake dimensions and materials. Pre-paint the top 2 inches of all stakes and lath, or mark them with plastic flagging. Use designated colors for paint or flagging. Mark all stakes with a stake pencil that leaves a legible imprint, or with waterproof ink.

Do not use aerosol spray paints.

Use moisture-resistant paper for survey notes. Keep notes in books with covers that will protect the contents and retain the pages in numerical sequence.

Make the following changes to Subsection 152.05:

152.05 Survey and Staking Requirements.

(d) Slope and reference stakes.

(2) Conventional Survey Methods. When required, locate slope stakes on designated portions of the road. Locate the slope stake catch points and use them to establish clearing limits and slope stake references.

Mark slope stakes with the station, the amount of cut or fill, the horizontal distance to centerline, and the slope ratios.

Place slope references stakes at least 20 feet outside the clearing limit and mark with the offset distance to the slope stake. Place sight stakes when required.

Prior to clearing and grubbing operations, move the slope stake outside the clearing limit to the slope reference stake. After clearing and grubbing and before excavation, reset the slope stakes in their original position.

Use the designated method to the establish the slope catchpoint.

Method I. Computed Method – Use the template information shown in the plans or other Government-provided data to calculate the actual location of the catchpoint. The slope stake “catchpoint distance” provided may be used as a trial location to initiate slope staking. Recatch slope stakes on any section that does not match the staking report within the tolerances established in Table 152-2.

Method II. Catchpoint Measurement Method – Determine the location of slope stake catchpoints by measuring the catchpoint distances shown in the plans or other Government-provided data.

Add the following to Subsection 152.05(e):

(e) Clearing and grubbing limits.

Mark the clearing limits with flagging or tags on trees to be left standing, or on lath. Make markings intervisible, and no more than 90 feet apart.

After establishing clearing limits, move the location line stake outside the clearing limits for station identification purposes, and mark it with horizontal distance to location line.

154 - Contractor Sampling and Testing

154.01_nat_us_05_24_2005

154.01 Description

Delete the last sentence of the first paragraph.

155 - Schedules for Construction Contracts

155.00_National_8_10_2023

155 Delete.

Delete Section 155 in its entirety.

157 - Soil Erosion Control

157.03_nat_us_02_24_2005

157.04 General

Delete the entire subsection and replace with the following:

Thirty (30) days prior to the start of construction, submit a written plan that provides permanent and temporary erosion control measures to minimize erosion and sedimentation during and after construction. Do not begin work until the necessary controls for that particular phase of work have been implemented. Do not modify the type, size, or location of any control. An alternate erosion control plan with all necessary permits may be submitted 30 days before intended use.

Incorporate all permanent erosion control features into the project at the earliest practicable time, as outlined in the approved plan.

When erosion control measures are not functioning as intended, immediately take corrective action.

157.08 Water Crossings.

Add the following:

At any crossing location where water is flowing, dewater by rerouting water flow around the site before and during excavation and embankment operations.

157.11 Temporary Turf Establishment

Delete the subsection including table 157-1 and replace with the following:

Apply seed, fertilizer, and mulch for soil erosion protection at the required rates. Protect and care for seeded areas, until permanent turf establishment is in place.

157.12 Inspection and Reporting

Delete the first paragraph and replace it with the following:

Inspect all erosion control facilities at least every 7 days, within 24 hours after more than ¼ inch of rain in a 24-hour period, as required by the Contractor prepared erosion control plan, and as required by contract permits.

157.13 Maintenance and Cleanup

Delete the second sentence and add the following:

Clean erosion control measures when sediment is 6 inches deep or when they are half full of sediment, whichever is less.

201 - Clearing and Grubbing

201.01 Description

Replace with the following:

This work consists of clearing and grubbing within clearing limits and other designated areas.

201.00_nat_us_08_05_2009

201.02 Material:

Delete Tree wound dressing material reference.

201.03 General.

Delete the last sentence.

201.04 Clearing.

Delete the last sentence of (d).

Delete paragraph (c) and replace with the following:

(c) In areas outside the excavation, embankment, and slope rounding limits, cut stumps to within 12 inches or one-third of the stump diameter of the ground, whichever is higher, measured on the side adjacent to the highest ground.

Add the following:

(e) Trim branches of remaining trees or shrubs to give a clear height of 14 feet above the roadbed unless otherwise indicated. Trim tree limbs as near flush with the trunk as practicable.

(f) Remove brush from log decks. Deck logs so that logs are piled parallel to one another; can be removed by standard log loading equipment; will not damage standing trees; will not interfere with drainage and will not roll. Keep logs in log decks free of brush and soil.

Add the following:

When marked in advance, remove dead trees over 6 inches in diameter measured at 12 inches above the ground that lean toward the road and are tall enough to reach the roadbed.

201.06_nat_us_02_23_2005

203 - Removal of Structures and Obstructions

203.01_nat_us_02_25_2005

203.01 Description.

Delete and replace with the following:

This work consists of disposing of construction slash and debris, salvaging, removing, and disposing of buildings, fences, structures, pavements, culverts, utilities, curbs, sidewalks, and other obstructions.

203.04_nat_us_02_18_2005

203.04 Removing Material.

Replace the fourth and fifth paragraphs with the following:

Where part of an existing culvert is removed, remove the entire culvert upstream from the removal. The remaining downstream culvert may be left in place if no portion of the culvert is within 12 inches of the subgrade, embankment slope, or new culvert or structure; and the culvert ends are sealed with concrete.

Remove structures and obstructions in the roadbed to 12 inches below subgrade elevation.

Remove structures and obstructions outside the roadbed to 12 inches below finished ground or to the natural stream bottom.

203.05_nat_us_02_18_2005

203.05 Disposing of Material.

Add the following:

(e) Windrowing Construction Slash. Place construction slash outside the roadway in neat, compacted windrows approximately parallel to and along the toeline of embankment slopes. Do not permit the top of the windrows to extend above subgrade. Use construction equipment to matt down all material in a windrow to form a compact and uniform pile. Construct breaks of at least 15 feet at least every 200 feet in a windrow. Do not place windrows against trees. Obtain approval for pioneer roads. A pioneer road may be constructed to provide an area for placement of windrows, provided the excavated material is kept within the clearing limits and does not adversely affect the road construction.

(f(1)) Scattering method outside clearing limits. Scatter construction slash outside the clearing limits without damaging trees. Limb all logs. Place logs and stumps away from trees, positioned so they will not roll, and are not on top of one another. Limb and scatter other construction slash to reduce slash concentrations.

(f(2)): Scattering method inside clearing limits. Scatter pieces of wood less than 3 inches in diameter and 3 feet in length within the clearing limits. Do not place construction slash in lakes, meadows, streams, or streambeds. Immediately remove construction slash that interferes with drainage structures.

(g) Chipping or grinding. Use an approved chipping machine to grind slash and stumps greater than 3 inches in diameter and longer than 3 feet. Deposit chips or ground woody material on embankment slopes or outside the roadway to a loose depth less than 6 inches. Minor amounts of chips or ground woody material may be permitted within the roadway if they are thoroughly mixed with soil and do not form a layer.

(h) Debris Mat. Use tree limbs, tops, cull logs, split stumps, wood chunks, and other debris to form a mat upon which construction equipment is operated. Place stumps upside down and blend stumps into the mat.

(i) Decking Firewood Material. Remove brush from decks. Limb and deck logs that do not meet Utilization Standards according to Subsection 201.04 as directed by the CO. Cut logs to lengths less than 30 feet. Ensure that logs stacks are stable and free of brush and soil.

(j) Removal to designated locations. Remove construction slash to designated locations.

(k) Piling. Pile construction slash in designated areas. Place and construct piles so that if the piles are burned, the burning will not damage remaining trees. Keep piles free of dirt from stumps. Cut unmerchantable logs into lengths of less than 20 feet.

(l) Placing Slash on Embankment Slopes. Place construction slash on completed embankment slopes to reduce soil erosion. Place construction slash as flat as practicable on the completed slope. Do not place slash closer than 2 feet below subgrade. Priority for use of available slash is for: (1) through fills; (2) insides of curves; and (3) ditch relief outlets.

(m) Hydrological Sensitive Placement. Where required use this method in combination with other designated methods to dispose of material to reduce erosion and to aid in re-vegetation:

1. Place windrow segments on contours, wrap in type I geotextile.

2. Place logs as log erosion barriers on contours. Place logs so that 80% of their length is on the ground surface.

3. Scatter slash on bare or disturbed areas within or outside the clearing limits as directed.

4. Scatter chips or ground woody material on bare or disturbed areas within or outside the clearing limits as directed.

Place stumps in swales or on sites to form planting pockets. Place windrow segments on contours, wrap in type I geotextile.

203.08_nat_us_02_24_2005

203.08 Payment

Add the following:

Disposal of construction slash will be compensated under the designated pay item in Section 201.

204 - Excavation and Embankment

204.00_nat_us_03_26_2009

204.01 Description. This work consists of excavating material and constructing embankments. This includes furnishing, hauling, stockpiling, placing, disposing, sloping, shaping, compacting, and finishing earthen and rocky material.

204.02 Definitions.

(a) Excavation. Excavation consists of the following:

(1) Roadway excavation. All material excavated from within the right-of-way or easement areas, except sub excavation covered in Subsection 204.02 (2) below and structure excavation covered in Sections 208 and 209. Roadway excavation includes all material encountered regardless of its nature or characteristics.

(2) Subexcavation. Material excavated from below subgrade elevation in cut sections or from below the original groundline in embankment sections. Subexcavation does not include the work required by Subsections 204.05 or 204.06.

(3) Borrow excavation. Material used for embankment construction that is obtained from outside the roadway prism. Borrow excavation includes unclassified borrow, select borrow, and select topping.

(b) Embankment construction. Embankment construction consists of placing and compacting roadway or borrow excavation. This work includes:

(1) Preparing foundation for embankment;

(2) Constructing roadway embankments;

(3) Benching for side-hill embankments;

(4) Constructing dikes, ramps, mounds, and berms; and

(5) Backfilling subexcavated areas, holes, pits, and other depressions.

(c) Conserved topsoil. Excavated material conserved from the roadway excavation and embankment foundation areas that is suitable for growth of grass, cover crops, or native vegetation.

(d) Waste. Excess and unsuitable roadway excavation and subexcavation that cannot be used.

204.03 Material.

Conform to the following Subsections:

Backfill material 704.03 Select borrow 704.07 Select topping 704.08 Topping 704.05 Unclassified borrow 704.06 Water 725.01

Construction Requirements

204.04 Preparation for Roadway Excavation and Embankment Construction.

Clear the area of vegetation and obstructions according to Sections 201 and 203.

Road pioneering, slash disposal, and grubbing of stumps may proceed concurrently with excavation and embankment. Maintain drainage during pioneering operations.

204.05 Conserved Topsoil.

When designated, conserve topsoil from roadway excavation and embankment foundations areas.

Stockpile conserved topsoil in low windrows immediately beyond the rounding limits of cut and embankment slopes or in other approved locations, Separate conserved topsoil form other excaved material. When designated, place conserved topsoil on completed slopes according Section 624.

204.06 Roadway Excavation. Excavate as follows:

(a) Rock cuts. Blast rock according to Section 205. Excavate rock cuts to 6 inches below subgrade within the roadbed limits. Backfill to subgrade with topping or with other suitable material. Compact the material according to Subsection 204.11

(b) Earth cuts. Scarify earth cuts to 6 inches below subgrade within the roadbed limits.

Compact the scarified material according to Subsection 204.11.

(c) Pioneer Roads. Conduct excavation and placement operations so material to be treated under Section 201 will not be incorporated into the roadway unless specified in the slash treatment method. Maintain drainage during pioneering operations.

Remove snow and ice in advance of the work and deposit beyond the roadway limits in a manner that will not waste material or generate sediment. Do not incorporate snow and ice into embankments. Place snow or ice in a manner to prevent resource damage.

(d) Drainage Feature. Drainage feature includes construction of all ditches, minor channel changes, drainage dips, catch basins, surface water deflectors, and other minor drainage structures. Compact the material according to Subsection 204.11. Excavate on a uniform grade between control points.

Do not disturb material and vegetation outside the construction limits. Retrieve material deposited outside the construction limits. Dispose of unsuitable or excess excavation material according to Subsection 204.14. Replace shortage of suitable material caused by premature disposal of roadway excavation.

Shape to drain and compact the work to a uniform cross-section at the end of each day’s operations.

204.07 Subexcavation. Excavate material to the required limits. Take cross-sections according to Section 152. Dispose of unsuitable material according to Subsection 204.14. Backfill the subexcavation with suitable material in horizontal layers not exceeding 12 inches in compacted thickness and compact according to Subsection 204.11. Prevent unsuitable material from becoming mixed with the backfill.

204.08 Borrow Excavation. Use all suitable roadway excavation in embankment construction. Do not use borrow excavation when it results in excess roadway excavation. Deduct excess borrow excavation from the appropriate borrow excavation quantity.

Obtain borrow source acceptance according to Subsection 105.02. Develop and restore borrow sources according to Subsection 105.03 and 105.06. Do not excavate beyond the established limits.

When applicable, shape the borrow source to permit accurate measurements when excavation is complete.

204.09 Preparing Foundation for Embankment Construction. Prepare foundation for embankment construction as follows:

(a) Embankment over natural ground. When designated, remove topsoil and break up the ground surface to a minimum depth of 6 inches by plowing or scarifying. Compact the ground surface according to Subsection 204.11.

(b) Embankments over an existing asphalt, concrete, or gravel road surface. Scarify gravel roads to a minimum depth of 6 inches. Scarify or pulverize asphalt and concrete roads to 6 inches below the pavement. Reduce all particles to a maximum size of 6 inches and produce a uniform material. Compact the surface according to Subsection 204.11.

(c) Embankment across ground not capable of supporting equipment. Dump successive loads of embankment material in a uniformly distributed layer to construct the lower portion of the embankment. Limit the layer thickness to the minimum depth necessary to support the equipment.

(d) Embankment on an existing slope steeper than 1V:3H. Cut horizontal benches in the existing slope to a sufficient width to accommodate placement and compaction operations and equipment. Bench the slope as the embankment is placed and compacted in layers. Begin each bench at the intersection of the original ground and the vertical cut of the previous bench.

204.10 Embankment Construction.

Incorporate only suitable roadway excavation material into the embankment. When the supply of suitable roadway excavation is exhausted, furnish unclassified borrow to complete the embankment.

Obtain written approval before beginning construction of embankments over 6 feet high at subgrade centerline. Construct embankments as follows:

(a) General. At the end of each day's operations, shape to drain and compact the embankment surface to a uniform cross-section. Eliminate all ruts and low spots that could hold water.

During all stages of construction, route and distribute hauling and leveling equipment over the width and length of each layer of material.

Compact embankment side slopes flatter than 1V:1.75H with a tamping foot roller or by walking with a dozer. For slopes 1V:1.75H or steeper, compact the slopes as construction of the embankment progresses.

Where placing embankment on one side of abutments, wing walls, piers, or culvert headwalls, compact the material using methods that prevent excessive pressure against the structure.

Where placing embankment material on both sides of a concrete wall or box structure, conduct operations so compacted embankment material is at the same elevation on both sides of the structure.

Where structural pilings are placed in embankment locations, limit the maximum particle size to 4 inches.

(b) Embankment within the roadway prism. Place embankment material in horizontal layers not exceeding 12 inches in compacted thickness. Incorporate oversize boulders or rock fragments into the 12-inch layers by reducing them in size or placing them individually as required by (c) below. Compact each layer according to Subsection 204.11 before placing the next layer.

Material composed predominately of boulders or rock fragments too large for 12-inch layers may be placed in layers up to 24 inches thick. Incorporate oversize boulders or rock fragments into the 24-inch layer by reducing them in size or placing them individually according to (c) below.

Place sufficient earth and smaller rocks to fill the voids. Compact each layer according to Subsection 204.11 before placing the next layer.

(c) Individual rock fragments and boulders. Place individual rock fragments and boulders greater than 24 inches in diameter as follows:

(1) Reduce rock to less than 48 inches in the largest dimension.

(2) Distribute rock within the embankment to prevent nesting.

(3) Place layers of embankment material around each rock to a depth not greater than that permitted by (b) above. Fill all the voids between rocks.

(4) Compact each layer according to Subsection 204.11 before placing the next layer.

(d) Embankment outside of roadway prism. Where placing embankment outside the staked roadway prism, place material in horizontal layers not exceeding 24 inches in compacted thickness. Compact each layer according to Subsection 204.11.

204.11 Compaction.

Delete the first paragraph and replace it with the following:

For compaction according to method (a), (b), or (c), use AASHTO T 27 to determine the amount of material retained on a Number. 4 sieve. For compaction methods (d) or (e) no sieve test is required.

Add the following compaction methods:

(d) Layer Placement Method (Hauling and Spreading Equipment). Place material by end dumping to the minimum depth needed for operation of spreading equipment. Level and smooth each embankment layer before placing the next layers. Operate hauling and spreading equipment uniformly over the full width of each layer until visible displacement ceases. Construct a solid embankment with adequate compaction by working smaller rock and fines in with the larger rocks to fill the voids, and by operating hauling and spreading equipment uniformly over the full width of each layer as the embankment is constructed.

(e) Layer Placement (Roller Compaction) Method. Place material by end dumping to the minimum depth needed for operation of spreading equipment. Adjust the moisture content of the material to obtain a mass that will not visibly deflect under the load of the hauling and spreading equipment. Operate compaction equipment over the full width of each layer until visible deformation of the layer ceases or, in when a sheepsfoot roller is used, the roller “walks out” of the layer. Make at least three complete passes.

204.12 Drainage Features. Slope, grade, and shape drainage features. Remove all projecting roots, stumps, rock, or similar matter. Maintain all ditches in an open condition and free from leaves, sticks, and other debris.

Form furrow ditches by plowing or using other acceptable methods to produce a continuous furrow.

Place all excavated material on the downhill side so the bottom of the ditch is approximately 18 inches below the crest of the loose material. Clean the ditch using a hand shovel, ditcher, or other suitable method. Shape to provide drainage without overflow.

204.13 Sloping, Shaping, and Finishing. Complete subgrades, slopes, drainage features, culverts, riprap, and other underground minor structures before placing aggregate courses. Slope, shape, and finish to the designated tolerance class as defined in Table 204-2 as follows:

(a) Sloping. Leave all earth slopes with uniform roughened surfaces, except as described in (b) below, with no noticeable break as viewed from the road. Except in solid rock, round tops and bottoms of all slopes including the slopes of drainage ditches. Round material overlaying solid rock to the extent practical. Scale all rock slopes. Slope rounding is not required on tolerance class D though M roads.

If a slide or slipout occurs on a cut or embankment slope, remove or replace the material, and repair or restore all damage to the work. Bench or key the slope to stabilize the slide. Reshape the cut or embankment slope to an acceptable condition.

(b) Stepped slopes.

1V:2H. Construct the steps approximately 18 inches high. Blend the steps into natural ground at the end of the cut. If the slope contains nonrippable rock outcrops, blend steps into the rock.

Remove loose material found in transitional area. Except for removing large rocks that may fall, scaling stepped slopes is not required.

(c) Shaping. Shape the subgrade to a smooth surface and to the cross-section required. Shape slopes to gradually transition into slope adjustments without noticeable breaks. At the ends of cuts and at intersections of cuts and embankments, adjust slopes in the horizontal and vertical planes to blend into each other or into the natural ground.

(d) Finishing. Finish the roadbed to be smooth and uniform, and shaped to conform to the typical sections. Remove unsuitable material from the roadbed and replace it with suitable material.

Finish roadbeds to the tolerance class shown in table 204-2. Ensure that the subgrade is visibly moist during shaping and dressing; smooth and uniform, and shaped to conform to the typical sections. Scarify to 6 inches below the bottom of low sections, holes, cracks, or depressions and bring back to grade with suitable material. Maintain proper ditch drainage.

For surfaced roads, remove all material larger than 6 inches from the top 6 inches of the roadbed.

For unsurfaced roads, use one of the following methods to finish the roadbed:

(1) Method A. Remove all material larger than 6 inches from the top 6 inches of the roadbed and replace with suitable material.

(2) Method B. Use a vibratory grid roller or approved equal with a minimum weight of 10 tons. Roll at least 5 full-width passes or until there is no visible evidence of further consolidation.

(3) Method C. For roads designated as Construction Tolerance Class K, L, or M, finish the roadbed by spreading the excavation. Eliminate rock berms.

204.14 Disposal of Unsuitable or Excess Material. Dispose of unsuitable or excess material at designated sites or according to Subsection 203.05(a).

When there is a pay item for waste, shape and compact the waste material in its final location. Do not mix clearing or other material not subject to payment with the waste material.

204.15 Acceptance. See Table 204-1 for sampling and testing requirements.

Material for embankment and conserved topsoil will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and 106.04.

Excavation and embankment construction will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and 106.04.

Subexcavation and clearing will be evaluated under Sections 201 and 203.

204.16 Measurement.

Measure the Section 204 pay items listed in the bid schedule according to Subsection 109.02 and the following as applicable:

(a) Roadway Excavation. Measure roadway excavation in its original position as follows:

1) Include the following volumes in roadway excavation:

a. Roadway prism excavation;

b. Rock material excavated and removed from below subgrade in cut sections;

c. Unsuitable material below subgrade and unsuitable material beneath embankment areas when a pay item for subexcavation is not listed in the bid schedule;

d. Ditches, except furrow ditches measured under a separate pay item;

e. Conserved topsoil;

f. Borrow material used in the work when a pay item for borrow is not listed in the bid schedule;

g. Loose scattered rocks removed and placed as required within the roadway;

h. Conserved material Taken from pre-existing stockpiles and used in Section

204 work, except topsoil measured under 624; and

i. Slide and slipout material not attributed to the Contractor’s method of operation.

2) Do not include the following in roadway excavation:

a. Overburden and other spoil material from borrow sources;

b. Overbreakage from the backslope in rock excavation;

c. Water or other liquid material;

d. Material used for purposes other than required;

e. Roadbed material scarified in place and not removed;

f. Material excavated when stepping cut slopes;

g. Material excavated when rounding cut slopes;

h. Preparing foundations for embankment construction;

i. Material excavated when benching for embankments;

j. Slide or slipout material taken from stockpiles constructed at the option of the

Contractor;

k. Conserved material taken from stockpiles constructed at the option of the

Contractor;

l. Material excavated outside the established slope limits; and

m. Road pioneering for the convenience of the Contractor.

3) When both roadway excavation and embankment construction pay itmes are listed in the bid schedule, measure roadway excavation only for the following:

a. Unsuitable material below subgrade in cuts and unsuitable material beneath embankment areas when a pay item for subexcavation is not listed in the bid schedule;

b. Slide and slipout material not attributable to the Contractor’s method of operations; and

c. Drinage ditches, channel changes, and diversion ditches.

(b) Unclassified borrow and topping. When measuring by the cubic yard measure in its original position. If borrow excavation is measured by the cubic yard in place, take initial cross-sections of the ground surface after stripping overburden. Upon completion of excavation and after the borrow source waste material is returned to the source, retake cross-sections before replacing the overburden. Do not measure borrow excavation until suitable roadway excavation is depleted.

(c) Embankment construction. Measure embankment construction in its final position. Do not make deductions from the embankment construction quantity for the volume of minor structures.

1) Include the following volumes in embankment construction:

a. Roadway embankments;

b. Material used to backfill subexcavted areas, holes, pits, and other depressions;

c. Material used to restore obliterated roadbeds to original contours; and

d. Material used for dikes, ramps, mounds, and berms.

2) Do not include the following in embankment construction:

a. Preparing foundations for embankment construction;

b. Adjustments for subsidence or settlement of the embankment or of the foundation on which the embankment is placed; and

c. Material used to round fill slopes.

(d) Rounding cut slopes. If a pay item for slope rounding is including in the bid schedule measure rounding cut slopes horizontally along the cednterline of the roadway. If a pay item is not included for slope rounding is not included in the bid schedule payment will be considered indirect to roadway excavation.

(e) Waste. Measure waste by the cubic yard in its final position. Take initial cross-sections of the ground surface after stripping over-burden, Upon completion of the waste placement, retake cross-sections before replacing over-burden.

(f) Slope scaling. Measure slope scaling by the cubic yards in the hauling vehicle.

(g) Subexcavation. Measure subexcavation by the cubic yard in its original position.

(h) Drainage Features. Measurement includes all excavation, embankment, shaping, and grading necessary for a completed drainage feature.

204.17 Payment.

The accepted quantities will be paid at the contract price per unit of measurement for the Section 204 pay items listed in the bid schedule. Payment will be full compensation for the work prescribed in this Section. See Subsection 109.05.

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