Attachment_001_Specification_Crow_bottom_repair.pdf

Chapter 2 National Standard Construction Specification Part 642 National Engineering Handbook

(210-VI-NEH, January 2014) 6–1

Construction Specification 6—Seeding, Sprigging, and Mulching

1. Scope

The work consists of preparing the area for treatment; furnishing and placing seed, sprigs, mulch, fertilizer, inoculant, lime, and other soil amendments; and anchoring mulch in designated areas as specified.

The following BioPreferred® product categories are applicable to this specification:

— mulch and compost materials

— erosion control materials

— fertilizers

— agricultural spray adjuvants

2. Material

Seed—All seed shall conform to the current rules and regulations of the state where it is being used and shall be from the latest crop available. It shall meet or exceed the standard for purity and germination listed in section 7.

Seed shall be labeled in accordance with the state laws and the U.S. Department of Agriculture rules and regulations under the Federal

Seed Act in effect on the date of invitations for bids. Bag tag figures are evidence of purity and germination. No seed will be accepted with a test date of more than 9 months before the delivery date to the site.

Seed that has become wet, moldy, or otherwise damaged in transit or storage will not be accepted. The percent of noxious weed seed allowable shall be as defined in the current State laws relating to agricultural seeds. Each type of seed shall be delivered in separate sealed containers and fully tagged unless exception is granted in writing by the contracting officer.

Fertilizer—Unless otherwise specified, the fertilizer shall be a commercial grade fertilizer. It shall meet the standard for grade and quality specified by State law. Where fertilizer is furnished from bulk storage, the contractor shall furnish a supplier's certification of analysis and weight. When required by the contract, a representative sample of the fertilizer shall be furnished to the contracting officer for chemical analysis.

Inoculants—The inoculant for treating legume seeds shall be a pure culture of nitrogen-fixing bacteria prepared specifically for the species and shall not be used later than the date indicated on the container or as otherwise specified. A mixing medium, as recommended by the manufacturer, shall be used to bond the inoculant to the seed. Two times the amount of the inoculant recommended by the manufacturer shall be used except four times the amount shall be used when seed is applied using a hydraulic seeder. Seed shall be sown within 24 hours of treatment and shall not remain in the hydraulic seeder longer than 4 hours.

Lime and other soil amendments—Lime shall consist of standard ground agriculture limestone, or approved equivalent. Standard ground agriculture limestone is defined as ground limestone meeting current requirements of the State Department of Agriculture.

Other soil amendments shall meet quality criteria and application requirements specified in section 7.

Mulch tackifiers—Asphalt emulsion tackifiers shall conform to the requirements of ASTM D 977, Specification for Emulsified

Asphalt. The emulsified asphalt may be rapid setting, medium setting, or slow setting. Nonasphaltic tackifiers required because of environmental considerations shall be as specified in section 7.

Straw mulch material—Straw mulch shall consist of wheat, barley, oat or rye straw, hay, grass cut from native grasses, or other plants as specified in section 7. The mulch material shall be air-dry, reasonably light in color, and shall not be musty, moldy, caked, or otherwise of low quality. The use of mulch that contains noxious weeds is not permitted. The contractor shall provide a method satisfactory to the contracting officer for determining weight of mulch furnished.

Other mulch materials—Mulching materials, such as wood cellulose fiber mulch, mulch tackifiers, synthetic fiber mulch, netting, and mesh, are other mulching materials that may be required for specialized locations and conditions. These materials, when specified, must be accompanied by the manufacturer's recommendations for methods of application.

3. Seeding mixtures, sod, sprigs, and dates of planting The application rate per acre for seed mixtures, sprigs, or sod and date of seeding or planting shall be as shown on the plans or as specified in section 7.

Attachment 1

6–2 (210-VI-NEH, January 2014)

4. Seedbed preparation and treatment

Areas to be treated shall be dressed to a smooth, firm surface. On sites where equipment can operate on slopes safely, the seedbed shall be adequately loosened (4 to 6 inches deep) and smoothed. Depending on soil and moisture conditions, disking or cultipacking, or both, may be necessary to properly prepare a seedbed. Where equipment cannot operate safely, the seedbed shall be prepared by hand methods by scarifying to provide a roughened soil surface so that broadcast seed will remain in place.

If seeding is to be accomplished immediately following construction operations, seedbed preparation may not be required except on a compacted, polished, or freshly cut soil surface.

Rocks larger than 6 inches in diameter, trash, weeds, and other debris that will interfere with seeding or maintenance operations shall be removed or disposed of as specified in section 7.

Seedbed preparation shall be discontinued when soil moisture conditions are not suitable for the preparation of a satisfactory seedbed as determined by the contracting officer's technical representative (COTR).

5. Seeding, sprigging, fertilizing, mulching, and stabilizing

All seeding or sprigging operations shall be performed in such a manner that the seed or sprigs are applied in the specified quantities uniformly in the designated areas. The method and rate of seed application shall be as specified in section 7. Unless otherwise specified, seeding or sprigging shall be accomplished within 2 days after final grading is completed and approved.

Fertilizer, lime, and other soil amendments shall be applied as specified in section 7. When specified, the fertilizer and soil amendments shall be thoroughly incorporated into the soil immediately following surface application.

The rate, amount, and kind of mulching or mesh shall be as specified in section 7. Mulches shall be applied uniformly to the designated areas. They shall be applied to areas seeded not later than 2 working days after seeding has been performed. Straw mulch material shall be stabilized within 24 hours of application using a mulch crimper or equivalent anchoring tool or by a suitable tackifier.

When the mulch crimper or equivalent anchoring tool is used, it shall have straight blades and be the type manufactured expressly for and capable of firmly punching the mulch into the soil. Where the equipment can be safely operated, it shall be operated on the contour. Hand methods shall be used where equipment cannot safely operate to perform the work required.

The tackifier shall be applied uniformly over the mulch material at the specified rate, or it shall be injected into the mulch material as it is being applied. Mesh or netting stabilizing materials shall be applied smoothly, but loosely on the designated areas. The edges of these materials shall be buried or securely anchored using spikes or staples as specified in section 7.

The contractor shall maintain the mesh or netting areas until all work under the contract has been completed and accepted.

Maintenance shall consist of the repair of areas damaged by water erosion, wind, fire, or other causes. Such areas shall be repaired to reestablish the intended condition and to the design lines and grades required by the contract. The areas shall be refertilized, reseeded, and remulched before the new application of the mesh or netting.

6. Measurement and payment

Method 1—For items of work for which specific unit prices are established in the contract, each area treated is measured as specified in section 7 and the area calculated to the nearest 0.1 acre. Payment for treatment is made at the contract unit price for the designated treatment, which will constitute full compensation for completion of the work.

When specified as an item of work, mesh or netting is measured to the nearest square yard of surface area covered and accepted.

Payment is made at the contract unit price and will constitute full compensation for completion of the work.

(210-VI-NEH, January 2014) 6–3

Method 2—For items of work for which specific lump sum prices are established in the contract, the quantity of work will not be measured for payment. Payment for this item is made at the contract lump sum price for the item and will constitute full compensation for the completion of the work.

Method 3—For items of work for which lump sum prices are established in the contract, payment is made as the work proceeds.

Progress payments will be determined as specified in section 7. Payment of the lump sum contract price will constitute full compensation for completion of the work.

All Methods—The following provisions apply to all methods of measurement and payment. Compensation for any item of work described in the contract, but not listed in the bid schedule is included in the payment for the item of work to which it is made subsidiary. Such items and the item(s) to which they are made subsidiary are identified in section 7.

7. Items of work and construction details

1. Bid Item #4 – seeding

2. This item shall consist of furnishing all the labor, materials, equipment, and tools for the preparation of the seedbed, placement of fertilizer, seeding, and straw mulching of the specified areas listed below

a. Berm top and side slopes to a distance 10’ beyond the toe

b. Earthen spillway top and side slopes

i. Area = 9.0 acres

3. Seed – the seed shall be delivered to the site in tagged and labeled bags showing the percentage of purity and germination.

The seed shall have been tested with six (6) months prior to the date of seeding and shall conform to the latest seed laws of the state. When the percent of pure live seed is less than 100%, the rate of seeding shall be increased to achieve the same net pure live seed required. Seed shall have a minimum of 80% pure live seed.

4. Rate

a. Rates are specified on construction plans

5. The seeding operation shall be performed immediately after notification of contractor’s officer’s technical representative

(COTR) has provided inspection of completed earthfill and preparation of the seed bed is complete

6. Material certifications shall be provide and reviewed by COTR prior to commencement of seeding

7. Seeding method shall be as specified per construction plans – other methods shall be approved by COTR prior to implementation

8. The mulch material shall consist of bright small grain straw free of noxious weed seed. Straw mulch shall be applied to entire area at specified rate and crimped with crimping disk. Following mulching operation, movement and traffic over the mulched areas shall be limited as possible

9. At any location where the seeding and mulching has been displaced by any of the contractors equipment or personal, the seeding and mulching shall be repaired or replaced immediately at contractor’s expense, in a manner acceptable by contracting officer (CO)

10. Compensation shall be according to Method 2 – under the Measurement and payment section

(210-VI-NEH, May 2001)

Construction Specification 8—Mobilization and

Demobilization

1. Scope The work consists of the mobilization and demobilization of the contractor's forces and equipment necessary for performing the work required under the contract. It does not include mobilization and demobilization for specific items of work for which payment is provided elsewhere in the contract. Mobilization will not be considered as work in fulfilling the contract requirements for commencement of work.

2. Equipment and material Mobilization shall include all activities and associated costs for transportation of contractor's personnel, equipment, and operating supplies to the site; establishment of offices, buildings, and other necessary general facilities for the contractor's operations at the site; premiums paid for performance and payment bonds including coinsurance and reinsurance agreements as applicable; and other items specified in section 4 of this specification.

Demobilization shall include all activities and costs for transportation of personnel, equipment, and supplies not required or included in the contract from the site; including the disassembly, removal, and site cleanup of offices, buildings, and other facilities assembled on the site specifically for this contract.

This work includes mobilization and demobilization required by the contract at the time of award. If additional mobilization and demobilization activities and costs are required during the performance of the contract as a result of changed, deleted, or added items of work for which the contractor is entitled to an adjustment in contract price, compensation for such costs will be included in the price adjustment for the item or items of work changed or added.

3. Payment Payment will be made as the work proceeds, after presentation of paid invoices or documentation of direct costs by the contractor showing specific mobilization and demobilization costs and supporting evidence of the charges of suppliers, subcontractors, and others. When the total of such payments is less than the lump sum contract price, the balance remaining will be included in the final contract payment. Payment of the lump sum contract price for mobilization and demobilization will constitute full compensation for completion of the work.

Payment will not be made under this item for the purchase costs of materials having a residual value, the purchase costs of materials to be incorporated in the project, or the purchase costs of operating supplies.

4. Items of work and construction details

1. Bid Item – 7 – Mobilization and Demobilization

2. This item shall consist of the mobilization and demobilization of the contractor’s forces and equipment as well as all permitting, bonding and insurance requirements necessary to perform the work required under this contract

3. Access to the site shall be as shown on the drawings. During all operations, it will be the contractor’s responsibility to keep all public roads open. Access roads shall be restored to original condition or better upon competition of work. Access road grading may be required to allow access to material delivery traffic. Any work shall be at contractor’s expense and approved by COTR prior to implementation.

4. All earthmoving equipment utilized for the work shall meet the requirements of the OSHA, Paragraph 1926.602. In addition, roll-over protection and safety belts shall be installed, maintained, and utilized regardless of the equipment age or struck capacity. This includes earthmoving equipment as mentioned in part 1926, Subpart 0, sections 1926.602 and subpart

W, section 1000,101, and 1002, to include skid-steer and self-propelled compactor equipment.

5. Prior to commencement of construction, the contractor is responsible for contacting COTR, at (217)-347-7107 ext 135, a minimum of 5 business days before operations on –site begin

6. All invoices submitted by the contractor shall be subject to approval of the Contracting

Officer (CO)

7. The contractor shall perform the work in such a manner as to control erosion and minimize the production of sediments and other pollutants to the water and air during construction operations

8. The contractor shall be responsible and take precaution to protect existing utilities.

Contractor shall provide proper notification to the Illinois 1 call system and provide the

COTR with DIG number and other proper documentation

9. Payment shall be lump sum. Such payment shall constitute full compensation for all labor, equipment, materials, tools, and other items necessary to complete the work

Construction Specification 21—Excavation

1. Scope The work shall consist of the excavation required by the drawings and specifications and disposal of the excavated materials.

2. Classification Excavation is classified as common excavation, rock excavation, or unclassified excavation in accordance with the following definitions.

Common excavation is defined as the excavation of all materials that can be excavated, transported, and unloaded using heavy ripping equipment and wheel tractor-scrapers with pusher tractors or that can be excavated and dumped into place or loaded onto hauling equipment by excavators having a rated capacity of one cubic yard or larger and equipped with attachments

(shovel, bucket, backhoe, dragline, or clam shell) appropriate to the material type, character, and nature of the materials.

Rock excavation is defined as the excavation of all hard, compacted, or cemented materials that require blasting or the use of ripping and excavating equipment larger than defined for common excavation. The excavation and removal of isolated boulders or rock fragments larger than 1 cubic yard encountered in materials otherwise conforming to the definition of common excavation shall be classified as rock excavation. The presence of isolated boulders or rock fragments larger than 1 cubic yard is not in itself sufficient cause to change the classification of the surrounding material.

For the purpose of these classifications, the following definitions shall apply:

Heavy ripping equipment is a rear-mounted, heavy duty, single-tooth, ripping attachment mounted on a track type tractor having a power rating of at least 250 flywheel horsepower unless otherwise specified in section 10.

Wheel tractor-scraper is a self-loading (not elevating) and unloading scraper having a struck bowl capacity of at least 12 cubic yards.

Pusher tractor is a track type tractor having a power rating of at least 250 flywheel horsepower equipped with appropriate attachments.

Unclassified excavation is defined as the excavation of all materials encountered, including rock materials, regardless of their nature or the manner in which they are removed.

3. Blasting The transportation, handling, storage, and use of dynamite and other explosives shall be directed and supervised by a person(s) of proven experience and ability who is authorized and qualified to conduct blasting operations.

Blasting shall be done in a manner as to prevent damage to the work or unnecessary fracturing of the underlying rock materials and shall conform to any special requirements in section 10 of this specification. When specified in section 10, the contractor shall furnish the engineer, in writing, a blasting plan before blasting operations begin.

4. Use of excavated material

Method 1—To the extent they are needed, all suitable material from the specified excavations shall be used in the construction of required permanent earthfill or rockfill. The suitability of material for specific purposes is determined by the engineer. The contractor shall not waste or otherwise dispose of suitable excavated material.

Method 2—Suitable material from the specified excavations may be used in the construction of required earthfill or rockfill. The suitability of material for specific purposes is determined by the engineer.

5. Disposal of waste materials

Method 1—All surplus or unsuitable excavated materials are designated as waste and shall be disposed of at the locations shown on the drawings.

Method 2—All surplus or unsuitable excavated materials are designated as waste and shall be disposed of by the contractor at sites of his own choosing away from the site of the work. The disposal shall be in an environmentally acceptable manner that does not violate local rules and regulations.

6. Excavation limits Excavations shall comply with OSHA Construction Industry Standards (29CFR Part 1926)

Subpart P, Excavations, Trenching, and Shoring. All excavations shall be completed and maintained in a safe and stable condition throughout the total construction phase. Structure and trench excavations shall be completed to the specified elevations and to the length and width required to safely install, adjust, and remove any forms, bracing, or supports necessary for the installation of the work. Excavations outside the lines and limits shown on the drawings or specified herein required to meet safety requirements shall be the responsibility of the contractor in constructing and maintaining a safe and stable excavation.

7. Borrow excavation When the quantities of suitable material obtained from specified excavations are insufficient to construct the specified earthfills and earth backfills, additional material shall be obtained from the designated borrow areas. The extent and depth of borrow pits within the limits of the designated borrow areas shall be as specified in section 10 or as approved by the engineer.

Borrow pits shall be excavated and finally dressed to blend with the existing topography and sloped to prevent ponding and to provide drainage.

8. Overexcavation Excavation in rock beyond the specified lines and grades shall be corrected by filling the resulting voids with portland cement concrete made of materials and mix proportions approved by the engineer. Concrete that will be exposed to the atmosphere when construction is completed shall meet the requirements of concrete selected for use under Construction Specification 31, Concrete for Major Structures, or 32, Structure Concrete, as appropriate.

Concrete that will be permanently covered shall contain not less than five bags of cement per cubic yard. The concrete shall be placed and cured as specified by the engineer.

Excavation in earth beyond the specified lines and grades shall be corrected by filling the resulting voids with approved, compacted earthfill. The exception to this is that if the earth is to become the subgrade for riprap, rockfill, sand or gravel bedding, or drainfill, the voids may be filled with material conforming to the specifications for the riprap, rockfill, bedding, or drainfill.

Before correcting an overexcavation condition, the contractor shall review the planned corrective action with the engineer and obtain approval of the corrective measures.

9. Measurement and payment For items of work for which specific unit prices are established in the contract, the volume of each type and class of excavation within the specified pay limits is measured and computed to the nearest cubic yard by the method of average cross-sectional end areas or by methods outlined in section 10 of this specification. Regardless of quantities excavated, the measurement for payment is made to the specified pay limits except that excavation outside the specified lines and grades directed by the engineer to remove unsuitable material is included. Excavation required because unsuitable conditions result from the contractor's improper construction operations, as determined by the engineer, is not included for measurement and payment.

Method 1—The pay limits shall be as designated on the drawings.

Method 2—The pay limits shall be defined as follows:

a. The upper limit shall be the original ground surface as it existed before the start of construction operations except that where excavation is performed within areas designated for previous excavation or earthfill, the upper limit shall be the modified ground surface resulting from the specified previous excavation or earthfill.

b. The lower and lateral limits shall be the neat lines and grades shown on the drawings.

Method 3—The pay limits shall be defined as follows:

a. The upper limit shall be the original ground surface as it existed before the start of construction operations except that where excavation is performed within areas designated for previous excavation or earthfill, the upper limit shall be the modified ground surface resulting from the specified previous excavation or earthfill.

b. The lower and lateral limits shall be the true surface of the completed excavation as directed by the engineer.

Method 4—The pay limits shall be defined as follows:

a. The upper limit shall be the original ground surface as it existed before the start of construction operations except that where excavation is performed within areas designated for previous excavation or earthfill, the upper limit shall be the modified ground surface resulting from the specified previous excavation or earthfill.

b. The lower limit shall be at the bottom surface of the proposed structure.

c. The lateral limits shall be 18 inches outside of the outside surface of the proposed structure or shall be vertical planes 18 inches outside of and parallel to the footings, whichever gives the larger pay quantity, except as provided in d below.

d. For trapezoidal channel linings or similar structures that are to be supported upon the sides of the excavation without intervening forms, the lateral limits shall be at the underside of the proposed lining or structure.

e. For the purposes of the definitions in b, c, and d, above, any specified bedding or drainfill directly beneath or beside the structure will be considered to be a part of the structure.

All methods—The following provisions apply to all methods of measurement and payment.

Payment for each type and class of excavation is made at the contract unit price for that type and class of excavation. Such payment will constitute full compensation for all labor, materials, equipment, and all other items necessary and incidental to the performance of the work except that extra payment for backfilling overexcavation will be made in accordance with the following provisions.

Payment for backfilling overexcavation, as specified in section 8 of this specification, is made only if the excavation outside specified lines and grades is directed by the engineer to remove unsuitable material and if the unsuitable condition is not a result of the contractor's improper construction operations as determined by the engineer.

Compensation for any item of work described in the contract, but not listed in the bid schedule is included in the payment for the item of work to which it is made subsidiary. Such items and the items to which they are made subsidiary are identified in section 10 of this specification.

10. Items of work and construction details

A. Bid Item# 4 – Excavation, Common – 9,900 cy

B. Bid Item#3 – Site Clearing/Grubbing – 14.9 acres

C. Bid Item#5 – Tile Exploration Trench – 3,600 ft

1. This specification the common excavation required in excavation of spillway, stripping the topsoil at proposed berm and pool locations, t i l e exp lo ra t i on t r ench and any incidental excavation required to install any pipes and water control structures. This work should include the spoil ing of grubbed material in the designated areas

2. The areas to grub include the location of the berm construction and borrow areas.

a. Berm will be flagged along centerline and grubbing limits should exceed the planned footprint by 10’ on either side of berm.

b. Borrow areas will be staked

i. Total area = 14.9 acres

3. Grubbed Material

a. The grub material that mainly consist of earthen material shall:

i. Be grubbed to a depth of 6” minimum

ii. Shall be temporarily stockpiled near the borrow area(s) and upon completion shall be evenly spread over the borrow area(s)

b. The grubbed material that mainly consist of woody trunks, stems, root wads shall:

i. Be handled in a manner to reduce amount of earthen material retained on woody vegetation

ii. Can be stockpiled downstream of berm construction in piles not to exceed 150’ long, 30’ wide and 5’ tall

iii. Shall be placed in a manner that prevents debris from being easily displaced, and enter adjacent channel by flood event

4. Grubbing depth shall be a minimum of 6” on grassy type vegetation, where woody vegetation exist it shall be grubbed to remove entire root wad and any wood vegetation greater than 1” diameter. This depth will vary pending woody vegetation size

a. Shredding of woody vegetation is permitted, but shall be shredded or grubbed to a depth to remove the root wad. Shredded material can be placed either in temporary stockpiles or downstream of berm.

b. Access paths/haul roads

i. This area does not require grubbing and clearing, contractor shall develop routes to minimize damage to current vegetation

ii. Access routes/ haul roads shall be approved by engineer prior to be used

5. All the grub material as specified on the plans shall be placed in the specified location(s).

No vegetative material can be placed in the berm fill.

6. All excavation in this contract is anticipated to meet the definition of common excavation as described in Section 2 of this specification.

7. The disposal of excavated material will be by Method 1.

8. The Contractor shall take great care to not overexcavate beyond the specified maximum depth in the borrow areas required for construction.

9. Under Section 9 -Measurement and payment, payment shall be by Method 5 , with the exception that the final quantities shall not be measured unless there is a significant change to the plans. It shall be the contractor's responsibility to prove this quantity difference to the COTR. If there are no changes to the plans then the estimated volumes shall be use

1. Tile Exploration trench

a. This item shall consist of the common excavation required to excavate a trench to expose any existing tile as shown on drawings and as described in the specifications.

b. The tile exploration trench shall be inspected by NRCS prior to backfill.

Contractor is to cooridinate the timing to ensure NRCS inspector is present during excavation if contractor wants to backfill immediately after exploration trench is dug

c. Exploration trench requirements

i. Excavate to a minimum depth of 6’

ii. Trench sahll be immediately backfilled in all locations where no drains are found after NRCS inspection, or shall have side slopes of trench sloped back or benched to meet OSHA requirements.

iii. Backfill has no compaction requirements, but shall be mounded for settlement

iv. In Location of located drain, area shall not be backfilled and shall have side slopes of trench pulled back at 2:1 or flatter

1. NRCS shall be notified of all locations tile drains were found

2. Contractor shall provide NRCS the following information

a. Location and/or station of drain

b. Size of drain found

c. Type of drain material

d. Direction of flow

e. Determine if tile drains adjacent property

i. If determined to drain adjacent property, NRCS shall provide additional decommissioning instructions according with IL drainage law. Additional criteria will consist of using non-perforated tile of similar material and size under the footprint of the pool and berm to a point 200’ beyond those footprints

ii. If tile is found to not drain adjacent land, then contractor is to excavate the existing drain from 100’ downstream of berm to 200’ upstream of berm. This will be included in the contractor’s expense. Backfill trench shall only require compact under footprint of berm as specified in earthfill construction specification

d. In section 5, Disposal of Waste Materials, Method 1 will apply

e. Under Section 9 -Measurement and payment, no payment method shall be used.

Payment for each type of excavation is made at the contract unit price for that type of excavation. Such payment will constitute full compensation for all labor, material, equipment, and all other items necessary and incidental to the performance of the work, with the exception that the final quantities shall not be measured unless there is a significant change to the plans. This includes cost to meet all decommissioning procedure and quantity according to the plans. It shall be the contractor's responsibility to prove this quantity difference to the COTR.

If there are no changes to the plans then the estimated volumes shall be used.

2. Payment is by lump sum

3.

Chapter 2 National Standard Construction Specifications Part 642 National Engineering

Handbook

(210-VI-NEH, January 2009)

23–1

Construction Specification 23—Earthfill

1. Scope The work consists of the construction of earth embankments, other earthfills, and earth backfills required by the drawings and specifications.

Earthfill is composed of natural earth materials that can be placed and compacted by construction equipment operated in a conventional manner.

Earth backfill is composed of natural earth material placed and compacted in confined spaces or adjacent to structures

(including pipes) by hand tamping, manually directed power tampers or vibrating plates, or their equivalent.

2. Material

All fill material shall be obtained from required excavations and designated borrow areas. The selection, blending, routing, and disposition of material in the various fills shall be subject to approval by the engineer.

Fill materials shall contain no frozen soil, sod, brush, roots, or other perishable material. Rock particles larger than the maximum size specified for each type of fill shall be removed prior to compaction of the fill.

The types of material used in the various fills shall be as listed and described in the specifications and drawings.

3. Foundation preparation Foundations for earthfill shall be stripped to remove vegetation and other unsuitable material or shall be excavated as specified.

Except as otherwise specified, earth foundation surfaces shall be graded to remove surface irregularities and shall be scarified parallel to the axis of the fill or otherwise acceptably scored and loosened to a minimum depth of 2 inches. The moisture content of the loosened material shall be controlled as specified for the earthfill, and the surface material of the foundation shall be compacted and bonded with the first layer of earthfill as specified for subsequent layers of earthfill.

Earth abutment surfaces shall be free of loose, uncompacted earth in excess of 2 inches in depth normal to the slope and shall be at such a moisture content that the earthfill can be compacted against them to produce a good bond between the fill and the abutments.

Rock foundation and abutment surfaces shall be cleared of all loose material by hand or other effective means and shall be free of standing water when fill is placed upon them. Occasional rock outcrops in earth foundations for earthfill, except in dams and other structures designed to restrain the movement of water, shall not require special treatment if they do not interfere with compaction of the foundation and initial layers of the fill or the bond between the foundation and the fill.

Foundation and abutment surfaces shall be no steeper than one horizontal to one vertical unless otherwise specified. Test pits or other cavities shall be filled with compacted earthfill conforming to the specifications for the earthfill to be placed upon the foundation.

4. Placement Earthfill shall not be placed until the required excavation and foundation preparation have been completed and the foundation has been inspected and approved by the engineer. Earthfill shall not be placed upon a frozen surface nor shall snow, ice, or frozen material be incorporated in the earthfill matrix.

Earthfill shall be placed in approximately horizontal layers. The thickness of each layer before compaction shall not exceed the maximum thickness specified in section 10 or shown on the drawings. Materials placed by dumping in piles or windrows shall be spread uniformly to not more than the specified thickness before being compacted.

23–2

Hand compacted earth backfill shall be placed in layers whose thickness before compaction does not exceed the maximum thickness specified for layers of earth backfill compacted by manually directed power tampers.

Earth backfill shall be placed in a manner that prevents damage to the structures and allows the structures to assume the loads from the earth backfill gradually and uniformly. The height of the earth backfill adjacent to a structure shall be increased at approximately the same rate on all sides of the structure.

Earthfill and earth backfill in dams, levees, and other structures designed to restrain the movement of water shall be placed to meet the following additional requirements:

(a) The distribution of materials throughout each zone shall be essentially uniform, and the earthfill shall be free from lenses, pockets, streaks, or layers of material differing substantially in texture, moisture content, or gradation from the surrounding material. Zone earthfills shall be constructed concurrently unless otherwise specified.

(b) The surface of each layer shall be scarified parallel to the axis of the fill to a depth of not less than 2 inches before the next layer is placed.

(c) The top surface of embankments shall be maintained approximately level during construction with two exceptions: A crown or cross-slope of about 2 percent shall be maintained to ensure effective drainage, or as otherwise specified for drainfill or sectional zones.

(d) Dam embankments shall be constructed in continuous layers from abutment to abutment except where openings to facilitate construction or to allow the passage of streamflow during construction are specifically authorized in the contract.

(e) Embankments built at different levels as described under (c) or (d) above shall be constructed so that the slope of the bonding surfaces between embankment in place and embankment to be placed is not steeper than 3 feet horizontal to 1 foot vertical. The bonding surface of the embankment in place shall be stripped of all material not meeting the requirements of this specification and shall be scarified, moistened, and recompacted when the new earthfill is placed against it. This ensures a good bond with the new earthfill and obtains the specified moisture content and density at the contact of the inplace and new earthfills.

5. Control of moisture content During placement and compaction of earthfill and earth backfill, the moisture content of the material being placed shall be maintained within the specified range.

The application of water to the earthfill material shall be accomplished at the borrow areas insofar as practicable. Water may be applied by sprinkling the material after placement on the earthfill, if necessary. Uniform moisture distribution shall be obtained by disking.

Material that is too wet when deposited on the earthfill shall either be removed or be dried to the specified moisture content prior to compaction.

If the top surface of the preceding layer of compacted earthfill or a foundation or abutment surface in the zone of contact with the earthfill becomes too dry to permit suitable bond, it shall either be removed or scarified and moistened by sprinkling to an acceptable moisture content before placement of the next layer of earthfill.

6. Compaction Earthfill—Earthfill shall be compacted according to the following requirements for the class of compaction specified:

Class A compaction—Each layer of earthfill shall be compacted as necessary to provide the density of the earthfill matrix not less than the minimum density specified in Section 10 or identified on the drawings. The earthfill matrix is defined as the portion of the earthfill material finer than the maximum particle size allowed in the reference compaction test method specified (ASTM D698 or ASTM D1557).

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Class B compaction—Each layer of earthfill shall be compacted to a mass density not less than the minimum density specified.

Class C compaction—Each layer of earthfill shall be compacted by the specified number of passes of the type and weight of roller or other equipment specified or by an approved equivalent method. Each pass shall consist of at least one passage of the roller wheel or drum over the entire surface of the layer.

Earth backfill—Earth backfill adjacent to structures shall be compacted to a density equivalent to that of the surrounding inplace earth material or adjacent required earthfill or earth backfill. Compaction shall be accomplished by hand tamping or manually directed power tampers, plate vibrators, walk-behind, miniature, or self-propelled rollers. Unless otherwise specified heavy equipment including backhoe mounted power tampers or vibrating compactors and manually directed vibrating rollers shall not be operated within 3 feet of any structure. Towed or self-propelled vibrating rollers shall not be operated within 5 feet of any structure. Compaction by means of drop weights operating from a crane or hoist is not permitted.

The passage of heavy equipment will not be allowed:

• Over cast-in-place conduits within 14-days after placement of the concrete

• Over cradled or bedded precast conduits within 7 days after placement of the concrete cradle or bedding

• Over any type of conduit until the backfill has been placed above the top surface of the structure to a height equal to one-half the clear span width of the structure or pipe or 3 feet, whichever is greater, except as may be specified in section 10.

Compacting of earth backfill adjacent to structures shall not be started until the concrete has attained the strength specified in section 10 for this purpose. The strength is determined by compression testing of test cylinders cast by the contractor's quality control personnel for this purpose and cured at the work site in the manner specified in ASTM C 31 for determining when a structure may be put into service.

When the required strength of the concrete is not specified as described above, compaction of earth backfill adjacent to structures shall not be started until the following time intervals have elapsed after placement of the concrete.

Structure Time interval

(days)

Vertical or near-vertical walls with earth loading on one side only 14

Walls backfilled on both sides simultaneously 7

Conduits and spillway risers, cast-in-place (with inside forms in place) 7

Conduits and spillway risers, cast-in-place (inside forms removed) 14

Conduits, pre-cast, cradled 2

Conduits, pre-cast, bedded 1

Cantilever outlet bents (backfilled both sides simultaneously) 3

7. Reworking or removal and replacement of defective earthfill Earthfill placed at densities lower than the specified minimum density or at moisture contents outside the specified acceptable range of moisture content or otherwise not conforming to the requirements of the specifications shall be

23–4 reworked to meet the requirements or removed and replaced by acceptable earthfill. The replacement earthfill and the foundation, abutment, and earthfill surfaces upon which it is placed shall conform to all requirements of this specification for foundation preparation, approval, placement, moisture control, and compaction.

8. Testing During the course of the work, the contractor shall perform quality control tests, as applicable, to identify earthfill and earth backfill materials; determine the reference maximum density and optimum moisture content; and document that the moisture content of material at the time of compaction and the density of earthfill and earth backfill in place conform to the requirements of this specification.

Determining Reference Maximum Density and Optimum Moisture Content—For Class A compaction, the reference maximum density and optimum moisture content shall be determined in accordance with the compaction test and method specified on the drawings or in section 10.

Documenting Specification Conformance—In-place densities of earthfill and earth backfill requiring Class A compaction shall be measured in accordance with ASTM D1556, D2167, D2937, or D6938. Moisture contents of earthfill and earth backfill at the time of compaction shall be measured in accordance with ASTM D2216, D4643, or D6938. Values of moisture content determined by ASTM D2216 are considered the true value of the soil moisture. Values of moisture content determined by ASTM D4643 or D6938 shall be verified by comparison to values obtained by ASTM D2216.

Values of in-place density and moisture content determined by these tests shall be compared to the minimum density and moisture content range specified on the drawings or in section 10.

Correction for Oversize Particles—If the materials to be used for earthfill or earth backfill contain more than 5 percent by dry weight of oversize rock particles (particles larger than those allowed in the specified compaction test and method), corrections for oversize particles shall be made using the appropriate procedures explained in ASTM D4718.

9. Measurement and payment For items of work for which specific unit prices are established in the contract, the volume of each type and compaction class of earthfill and earth backfill within the specified zone boundaries and pay limits is measured and computed to the nearest cubic yard by the method of average cross-sectional end areas. Unless otherwise specified in section 10, no deduction in volume is made for embedded items, such as, but not limited to, conduits, inlet structures, outlet structures, embankment drains, sand diaphragm and outlet, and their appurtenances.

The pay limits shall be as defined below, with the further provision that earthfill required to fill voids resulting from overexcavation of the foundation, outside the specified lines and grades, will be included in the measurement for payment only under the following conditions:

• Where such overexcavation is directed by the engineer to remove unsuitable material, and

• Where the unsuitable condition is not a result of the contractor's improper construction operations as determined by the engineer.

Earthfill beyond the specified lines and grades to backfill excavation required for compliance with OSHA requirements will be considered subsidiary to the earthfill bid item(s).

Method 1—The pay limits shall be as designated on the drawings.

Method 2—The pay limits shall be the measured surface of the foundation when approved for placement of the earthfill and the specified neat lines of the earthfill surface.

Method 3—The pay limits shall be the measured surface of the foundation when approved for placement of the earthfill and the measured surface of the completed earthfill.

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Method 4—The pay limits shall be the specified pay limits for excavation and the specified neat lines of the earthfill surface.

Method 5—The pay limits shall be the specified pay limits for excavation and the measured surface of the completed earthfill.

Method 6—Payment for each type and compaction class of earthfill and earth backfill is made at the contract unit price for that type and compaction class of earthfill. Such payment will constitute full compensation for all labor, material, equipment, and all other items necessary and incidental to the performance of the work.

Method 7—Payment for each type and compaction class of earthfill and earth backfill is made at the contract unit price for that type and compaction class of earthfill. Such payment will constitute full compensation for all labor, material, equipment, and all other items necessary and incidental to the performance of the work except furnishing, transporting, and applying water to the foundation and earthfill material. Water applied to the foundation and earthfill material is measured and payment made as specified in Construction Specification 10.

All methods—The following provisions apply to all methods of measurement and payment. Compensation for any item of work described in the contract, but not listed in the bid schedule is included in the payment for the item of work to which it is made subsidiary. Such items and the items to which they are made subsidiary are identified in section 10 of this specification.

10. Items of work and construction details A. Bid Item #6, Earthfill – Wetland Berm

(1) This item shall consist of furnishing and placing earthfill material and earthfill backfill materials as required to construct the structure listed below and as shown on the drawings.

• Wetland Berm - Estimated volume = 16,100 settled cubic yards

(2) Earthfill shall be placed and graded so that the contours conform to the existing contours at the edges and form a mowable condition along the base of the berms.

(3) The existing vegetation and topsoil from the footprints of the proposed berms shall be grubbed as specified

(4) Earthfill shall be obtained only from the designated borrow area shown on the drawings unless otherwise approved by the CO. If the contractor encounters unsuitable material for earthfill operations then the CO should immediately be notified and a decision will be made regarding the location of obtaining earthfill for berm construction.

(5) Coarse fragments larger than 4-inch diameter shall not be used in the earthfill operations. (6) Class C compaction is required as specified in Section 6. The earthfill shall be placed in

9-inch maximum lifts, and shall be traversed by a sheepsfoot roller, providing a contact pressure of not less than 200 psi, until the pads on the equipment walk out of the placed earthfill or a minimum of two passes. Earthfill backfill within 6 feet of pipe structures as shown on the drawings shall be manually tamped with a power tamper or other methods as approved by the CO.

(7) The moisture content of the earthfill shall be such that a ball will not readily separate when made in the hand. Moisture content will be considered too high for earthfill operations when conditions will not allow for efficient equipment and compaction operations.

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(8) Under Section 9 -Measurement and payment, payment shall be by Method 6, with the exception that the final quantities shall not be measured unless there is a significant change to the plans. It shall be the contractor's responsibility to prove this quantity difference to the COTR. If there are no changes to the plans then the estimated volumes shall be used.

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Construction Specification 45—Plastic Pipe

1. Scope The work consists of furnishing and installing plastic pipe (except corrugated polyethylene pipe) and the necessary fittings and appurtenances as shown on the drawings or as specified herein.

2. Material Pipe, fittings, and gaskets shall conform to the requirements of Material Specification 547, Plastic Pipe, and as specified in section 14 of this specification…