Attachment_1_-_Construction_Specifications.pdf

Jim Phares WRP Repair Project Specifications List

Porter County, Indiana

Construction Specifications

Construction Specification 2‐ Clearing and Grubbing

Construction Specification 3‐ Structure Removal

Construction Specification 6‐ Seeding, Sprigging and Mulching

Construction Specification 8‐ Mobilization and Demobilization

Construction Specification 11‐ Removal of Water

Construction Specification 13‐ Piling

Construction Specification 21‐ Excavation

Construction Specification 23‐ Earthfill

Construction Specification 45‐ Plastic Pipe

Construction Specification 61‐ Rock Rip‐Rap

Construction Specification 71‐ Water Control Gates

Construction Specification 95‐ Geotextile

Material Specifications

Material Specification 511‐ Steel Piles

Material Specification 523‐ Rock for Rip‐Rap

Material Specification 547‐ Plastic Pipe

Material Specification 572‐ Flap Gates

Material Specification 592‐ Geotextile

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1. Scope The work consists of clearing and grubbing and disposal of trees, snags, logs, brush, stumps, shrubs, and rubbish from the designated areas.

2. Protection of existing vegetation Trees and other vegetation designated to remain undisturbed shall be protected from damage throughout the dura-tion of the construction period. Any damages resulting from the contractor's operations or neglect shall be repaired by the contractor.

Earthfill, stockpiling of materials, vehicular parking, and excessive foot or vehicular traffic shall not be allowed within the drip line of vegetation designated to remain in place. Vegetation damaged by any of these or similar ac-tions shall be replaced with viable vegetation of the same species, similar condition, and like size unless otherwise approved by the contracting officer.

Any cuts, skins, scrapes, or bruises to the bark of the vegetation shall be carefully trimmed and local nursery ac-cepted procedures used to seal damaged bark.

Any limbs or branches 0.5 inch or larger in diameter that are broken, severed, or otherwise seriously damaged during construction shall be cut off at the base of the damaged limb or branch flush with the adjacent limb or tree trunk. All roots 1-inch or larger in diameter that are cut, broken, or otherwise severed during construction opera-tions shall have the end smoothly cut perpendicular to the root. Roots exposed during excavation or other opera-tions shall be covered with moist earth or backfilled as soon as possible to prevent the roots from drying out.

3. Marking The limits of the area(s) to be cleared and grubbed will be marked by stakes, flags, tree markings, or other suitable methods. Trees to be left standing and uninjured will be designated by special markings placed on the trunk about 6 feet above the ground surface.

4. Clearing and grubbing All trees not marked for preservation and all snags, logs, brush, stumps, shrubs, rubbish, and similar materials shall be cleared from within the limits of the designated areas. Unless otherwise specified, all stumps, roots, and root clusters that have a diameter of 1 inch or larger shall be grubbed out to a depth of at least 2 feet below subgrade for concrete structures and 1 foot below the ground surface at embankment sites and other designated areas.

5. Disposal All materials cleared and grubbed from the designated areas shall be disposed of at locations shown on the draw-ings or in a manner specified in section 7. The contractor is responsible for complying with all local rules and regu-lations and the payment of any and all fees that may result from disposal at locations away from the project site.

6. Measurement and payment Method 1—For items of work for which specific units prices are established in the contract, the cleared and grubbed area is measured to the nearest 0.1 acre. Payment for clearing and grubbing is made for the total area within the designated limits at the contract unit price. Such payment will constitute full compensation for all labor, equipment, tools, and all other items necessary and incidental to the completion of the work.

Construction Specification 2—Clearing and Grubbing

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Method 2—For items of work for which specific unit prices are established in the contract, the length of the cleared and grubbed area is measured to the nearest full station (100 feet) along the line designated on the drawing or identified in the specifications. Payment for clearing and grubbing is made for the total length within the des-ignated limits at the contract unit price. Such payment will constitute full compensation for all labor, equipment, tools, and all other items necessary and incidental to the completion of the work.

Method 3—For items of work for which specific unit prices are established in the contract, each tree, stump, and snag having a diameter of 4 inches or larger and each log having a diameter of 4 inches or larger and a length of 10 feet are measured before removal. The size of each tree and snag is determined by measuring its trunk at breast height above the natural ground surface. The size of each log is determined by measuring the butt and by measur-ing its length from butt to tip. The size of each stump is measured at the top. Diameter is determined by dividing the measured circumference by 3.14.

Payment for clearing and grubbing of each tree, stump, and snag having a diameter of 4 inches or larger and each log having a diameter of 4 inches or larger and a length of 10 feet or larger is made at the contract unit price for its size designation as determined by the following schedule:

Measured diameter Size designation

(in) (in)

4 to 8 6 8 to 12 10 12 to 24 18 24 to 36 30 36 to 60 48 Over 60 60

The sum of such payments shall constitute full compensation for clearing and grubbing (including the clearing and grubbing of smaller trees, stumps, snags, logs, brush, shrubs, and roots), applicable permits and associated fees, and rubbish removal. Such payment shall constitute full compensation for all labor, equipment, tools, and all other items necessary and incidental to the completion of the work.

Method 4—For items of work for which specific lump sum prices are established in the contract, payment for clearing and grubbing is made at the contract lump sum price. Such payment shall constitute full compensation for all labor, equipment, tools, and all other items necessary and incidental to the completion of the work.

All Methods—The following provisions apply to all methods of measurement and payment. Compensation for any item of work described in the contract, but not listed in the bid schedule will be included in the payment for the item of work to which it is made subsidiary. Such items and the items to which they are made subsidiary are identi-fied in section 7.

7. Items of work and construction details Items of work to be performed in conformance with this specification and construction details are:

Bid Item 1, Clearing and Grubbing

1. This item shall consist of clearing and grubbing the western dam face, south dam area and the emergency spillway, the burial of root wads from approximately ten trees within the pool area as shown in the drawings and burial of the remaining brush and small diameter trees onsite.

2. In Section 3, Marking, the area to be cleared will be marked by NRCS prior to construction.

3. In Section 5, Disposal, disposal locations of ten 8" diameter or larger trees and all remaining debris will be at marked locations onsite.

A minimum of 2' of fill will be placed over all buried debris. Approximately ten root balls with trees still attached will be buried 3' deep as shown in the drawings.

4. In Section 6, Payment, Method 4 Lump Sum will be used.

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The work shall consist of the removal, salvage, and disposal of structures (including fences) from the designated areas.

2. Marking Method 1—Each structure or structure part to be removed will be marked with stakes, flags, paint, or other suit-able method.

Method 2—The area boundaries from which structures must be removed will be marked using stakes, flags, paint, or other suitable method. Structures to remain undisturbed or to be salvaged will be designated by special mark-ings.

3. Removal Method 1—All structures designated for removal in the contract shall be removed to the specified extent and depth.

Method 2—Within the areas so marked, all visible and buried structures identified shall be removed to the speci-fied extent and depth.

4. Salvage Structures or structure parts that are designated to be salvaged shall be carefully removed and neatly placed in the specified or approved storage location. Salvaged structures that are capable of being disassembled shall be disman-tled into individual members or sections. Such structures shall be neatly and systematically match marked with paint before disassembly. All connectors and other parts shall be marked to indicate their proper location within the structure and shall be fastened to the appropriate structural member or packed in suitable containers.

Material from fences designated to be salvaged shall be placed outside the work area on the property on which the fence was originally located. Fence wire shall be rolled into uniform rolls of suitable size and neatly piled with other salvaged materials. Posts and rails shall be neatly stacked.

5. Disposal of refuse materials Refuse materials resulting from structure removal shall be disposed of in a manner and at locations specified in section 7 of this specification or in an acceptable manner and at locations approved by the contracting officer. Dis-posal by burning shall be in accordance with local rules and regulations.

6. Measurement and payment Method 1—For items of work for which specific unit prices are established by the contract, payment for the removal of each structure unit, except fences, is made at the contract unit price. Fences removed or removed and salvaged are measured to the nearest linear foot. Payment for fence removal or removal and salvage is made at the contract unit prices for each type and size of fence.

Such payment will constitute full compensation for all labor, equipment, tools, applicable permits and associated fees for burning and disposal of refuse, and all other items necessary and incidental to the completion of the work.

Method 2—For items of work for which specific lump sum prices are established by the contract, payment for structure removal is made at the contract lump sum price.

Construction Specification 3—Structure Removal

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Such payment will constitute full compensation for all labor, equipment, tools, applicable permits and associated fees for burning and disposal of refuse, and all other items necessary and incidental to the completion of the work.

All Methods—The following provisions apply to all methods of measurement and payment. Compensation for any item of work described in the contract, but not listed as a contract line item number in the bid schedule, is included in the payment for the item of work to which it is made subsidiary. Such items and items to which they are made subsidiary are identified in section 7 of this specification.

7. Items of work and construction details

Items of work to be performed in conformance with this specification and construction details are:

Bid Item 2, Structure Removal

1. This item shall consist of removing the old pipe structure in the outlet channel and the old pipe that outlets in the ditch just east of the structure. It also includes the excavation/destruction of two field tiles that flow under the dam as shown in the drawings. The field tiles will be removed and compacted fill will be placed back in the excavated trench.

2. In Section 2, Marking, the two pipes and field tile locations will be flagged by NRCS prior to construction commencement.

3. In Section 3, Removal, Method 1 will be used. Only two pipes and two field tiles will be removed as part of this bid item.

4. In Section 4, Salvage, the two pipes shall be removed as carefully as practical and shall be placed at the edge of the staging area for the landowner to pick-up at his convenience. Any broken pieces of pipe will be buried with the dam face clearing and grubbing debris disposal.

5. In Section 6, Payment, Method 2 will be used.

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The work consists of preparing the area for treatment; furnishing and placing seed, sprigs, mulch, fertilizer, inocu-lant, lime, and other soil amendments; and anchoring mulch in designated areas as specified.

2. Material Seed—All seed shall conform to the current rules and regulations of the state where it is being used and shall be from the latest crop available. It shall meet or exceed the standard for purity and germination listed in section 7.

Seed shall be labeled in accordance with the state laws and the U.S. Department of Agriculture rules and regula-tions under the Federal Seed Act in effect on the date of invitations for bids. Bag tag figures are evidence of purity and germination. No seed will be accepted with a test date of more than 9 months before the delivery date to the site.

Seed that has become wet, moldy, or otherwise damaged in transit or storage will not be accepted. The percent of noxious weed seed allowable shall be as defined in the current State laws relating to agricultural seeds. Each type of seed shall be delivered in separate sealed containers and fully tagged unless exception is granted in writing by the contracting officer.

Fertilizer—Unless otherwise specified, the fertilizer shall be a commercial grade fertilizer. It shall meet the standard for grade and quality specified by State law. Where fertilizer is furnished from bulk storage, the contrac-tor shall furnish a supplier's certification of analysis and weight. When required by the contract, a representative sample of the fertilizer shall be furnished to the contracting officer for chemical analysis.

Inoculants—The inoculant for treating legume seeds shall be a pure culture of nitrogen-fixing bacteria prepared specifically for the species and shall not be used later than the date indicated on the container or as otherwise specified. A mixing medium, as recommended by the manufacturer, shall be used to bond the inoculant to the seed.

Two times the amount of the inoculant recommended by the manufacturer shall be used except four times the amount shall be used when seed is applied using a hydraulic seeder. Seed shall be sown within 24 hours of treat-ment and shall not remain in the hydraulic seeder longer than 4 hours.

Lime and other soil amendments—Lime shall consist of standard ground agriculture limestone, or approved equiv-alent. Standard ground agriculture limestone is defined as ground limestone meeting current requirements of the State Department of Agriculture. Other soil amendments shall meet quality criteria and application requirements specified in section 7.

Mulch tackifiers—Asphalt emulsion tackifiers shall conform to the requirements of ASTM D 977, Specification for Emulsified Asphalt. The emulsified asphalt may be rapid setting, medium setting, or slow setting. Nonasphaltic tackifiers required because of environmental considerations shall be as specified in section 7.

Straw mulch material—Straw mulch shall consist of wheat, barley, oat or rye straw, hay, grass cut from native grasses, or other plants as specified in section 7. The mulch material shall be air-dry, reasonably light in color, and shall not be musty, moldy, caked, or otherwise of low quality. The use of mulch that contains noxious weeds is not permitted. The contractor shall provide a method satisfactory to the contracting officer for determining weight of mulch furnished.

Construction Specification 6—Seeding, Sprigging, and Mulching

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Other mulch materials—Mulching materials, such as wood cellulose fiber mulch, mulch tackifiers, synthetic fiber mulch, netting, and mesh, are other mulching materials that may be required for specialized locations and conditions. These materials, when specified, must be accompanied by the manufacturer's recommendations for methods of application.

3. Seeding mixtures, sod, sprigs, and dates of planting The application rate per acre for seed mixtures, sprigs, or sod and date of seeding or planting shall be as shown on the plans or as specified in section 7.

4. Seedbed preparation and treatment Areas to be treated shall be dressed to a smooth, firm surface. On sites where equipment can operate on slopes safely, the seedbed shall be adequately loosened (4 to 6 inches deep) and smoothed. Depending on soil and mois-ture conditions, disking or cultipacking, or both, may be necessary to properly prepare a seedbed. Where equip-ment cannot operate safely, the seedbed shall be prepared by hand methods by scarifying to provide a roughened soil surface so that broadcast seed will remain in place.

If seeding is to be accomplished immediately following construction operations, seedbed preparation may not be required except on a compacted, polished, or freshly cut soil surface.

Rocks larger than 6 inches in diameter, trash, weeds, and other debris that will interfere with seeding or mainte-nance operations shall be removed or disposed of as specified in section 7.

Seedbed preparation shall be discontinued when soil moisture conditions are not suitable for the preparation of a satisfactory seedbed as determined by the contracting officer's representative (COR).

5. Seeding, sprigging, fertilizing, mulching, and stabilizing All seeding or sprigging operations shall be performed in such a manner that the seed or sprigs are applied in the specified quantities uniformly in the designated areas. The method and rate of seed application shall be as specified in section 7. Unless otherwise specified, seeding or sprigging shall be accomplished within 2 days after final grading is completed and approved.

Fertilizer, lime, and other soil amendments shall be applied as specified in section 7. When specified, the fertilizer and soil amendments shall be thoroughly incorporated into the soil immediately following surface application.

The rate, amount, and kind of mulching or mesh shall be as specified in section 7. Mulches shall be applied uni-formly to the designated areas. They shall be applied to areas seeded not later than 2 working days after seeding has been performed. Straw mulch material shall be stabilized within 24 hours of application using a mulch crimper or equivalent anchoring tool or by a suitable tackifier. When the mulch crimper or equivalent anchoring tool is used, it shall have straight blades and be the type manufactured expressly for and capable of firmly punching the mulch into the soil. Where the equipment can be safely operated, it shall be operated on the contour. Hand methods shall be used where equipment cannot safely operate to perform the work required.

The tackifier shall be applied uniformly over the mulch material at the specified rate, or it shall be injected into the mulch material as it is being applied. Mesh or netting stabilizing materials shall be applied smoothly, but loosely on the designated areas. The edges of these materials shall be buried or securely anchored using spikes or staples as specified in section 7.

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The contractor shall maintain the mesh or netting areas until all work under the contract has been completed and accepted. Maintenance shall consist of the repair of areas damaged by water erosion, wind, fire, or other causes.

Such areas shall be repaired to reestablish the intended condition and to the design lines and grades required by the contract. The areas shall be refertilized, reseeded, and remulched before the new application of the mesh or netting.

6. Measurement and payment Method 1—For items of work for which specific unit prices are established in the contract, each area treated is measured as specified in section 7 and the area calculated to the nearest 0.1 acre. Payment for treatment is made at the contract unit price for the designated treatment, which will constitute full compensation for completion of the work.

When specified as an item of work, mesh or netting is measured to the nearest square yard of surface area covered and accepted. Payment is made at the contract unit price and will constitute full compensation for completion of the work.

Method 2—For items of work for which specific lump sum prices are established in the contract, the quantity of work will not be measured for payment. Payment for this item is made at the contract lump sum price for the item and will constitute full compensation for the completion of the work.

Method 3—For items of work for which lump sum prices are established in the contract, payment is made as the work proceeds. Progress payments will be determined as specified in section 7. Payment of the lump sum contract price will constitute full compensation for completion of the work.

All Methods—The following provisions apply to all methods of measurement and payment. Compensation for any item of work described in the contract, but not listed in the bid schedule is included in the payment for the item of work to which it is made subsidiary. Such items and the item(s) to which they are made subsidiary are identified in section 7.

7. Items of work and construction details

Items of work to be performed in conformance with this specification and construction details are:

Bid Item 3, Seeding, Sprigging and Mulching

1. This item shall consist of seeding the following areas:

a. Critical Areas- top of dam fill, emergency spillway and crossing side slopes (approximately 0.25 acres)

b. Habitat Establishment Vegetation - SP-1, Staging Area (approximately 2.8 acres)

c. Turf Planting- SP-2 (approximately 0.25 Acres)

The seeding for the Habitat Vegetation areas will only be done on spoils in the SP-1 area and the the staging area. If SP-1 results in an area less than approximated, only that area covered in spoil will be seeded and payment will be adjusted accordingly.

2. In Section 2, Materials, the seeding shall conform to the following specifications. All seeding rates are given in pounds of live seed/acre (PLS/ac).

a. Critical Areas- 1.5 PLS/ac, 2.0 PLS/ac, White Clover 3.0 PLS/ac, Alsike Clover 4 PLS/ac, Red Clover 3.0 PLS/ ac

b. Habitat Establishment- see table on following page

c. Turf Planting- use commercially available turf grass mixture for sun and shade type areas at the rates recommended by the seed supplier/manufacturer

3. In Section 2, Materials, the mulching shall consist of 1.5 tons/acre of straw mulch. Only the Critical Areas and the Turf Grass areas will be mulched (total 0.5 acres of mulching).

4. In Section 6, Measurement and Payment, Method 1 will be used. Seeded areas will be measured and rounded to the nearest 0.1 acres.

Species Scientific Name

Weight Per Acre

In Ounces

Total Weight for 2.80 Acres

In Ounces

Grass

Little Bluestem Schizachyrium scoparium 24.00 67.20

Sideoats Grama Bouteloua curtipendula 16.00 44.80

Switchgrass Panicum virgatum 1.25 3.50

Big Bluestem Andropogon gerardi 1.75 4.90

Indiangrass Sorghastrum nutans 1.00 2.80

Legumes

Purple Prairie Clover Dalea purpureum 2.40 6.72

Illinois Bundleflower Desmanthus illinoensis 2.00 5.60

Canada Milkvetch Astragalus canadensis 0.75 2.10

Leadplant Amorpha canescens 0.50 1.40

Partridge Pea Chamaecrista fasciculata 1.00 2.80

Forbs

Black-eyed Susan Rudbeckia hirta 1.00 2.80

Butterfly Milkweed Asclepias tuberosa 0.25 0.70

Culver's Root Veronicastrum virginicum 0.10 0.28

Stiff Goldenrod Solidago rigida 0.10 0.28

Brown-eyed Susan Rudbeckia triloba 0.50 1.40

Common Milkweed Ascieplas syriaca 0.50 1.40

Evening Primrose Oenothera biennis 0.50 1.40

Lanceleaf Coreopsis Coreopsis lanceolata 0.50 1.40

New Egland Aster Symphyotrichum novae-angliae 0.25 0.70

Purple Coneflower Echinacea purpurea 1.50 4.20

Wild Bergamot Monarda fistulosa 1.00 2.80

Yellow Coneflower Ratibida pinnata 1.00 2.80

Smooth Blue Aster Symphyotrichum laevis 0.25 0.70

Mist Flower Eupatorium coelestinum 0.25 0.70

Rosinweed Silphium integrifolium 0.50 1.40

Purchase seeds in pounds or ounces of pure live seed.

Keep all seed tags

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The work consists of the mobilization and demobilization of the contractor's forces and equipment necessary for performing the work required under the contract. It does not include mobilization and demobilization for specific items of work for which payment is provided elsewhere in the contract. Mobilization will not be considered as work in fulfilling the contract requirements for commencement of work.

2. Equipment and material Mobilization shall include all activities and associated costs for transportation of contractor's personnel, equip-ment, and operating supplies to the site; establishment of offices, buildings, and other necessary general facilities for the contractor's operations at the site; premiums paid for performance and payment bonds including coinsur-ance and reinsurance agreements as applicable; and other items specified in section 4 of this specification.

Construction Specification 8—Mobilization and Demobilization

Demobilization shall include all activities and costs for transportation of personnel, equipment, and supplies not required or included in the contract from the site; including the disassembly, removal, and site cleanup of offices, buildings, and other facilities assembled on the site specifically for this contract.

This work includes mobilization and demobilization required by the contract at the time of award. If additional mobilization and demobilization activities and costs are required during the performance of the contract as a result of changed, deleted, or added items of work for which the contractor is entitled to an adjustment in contract price, compensation for such costs will be included in the price adjustment for the item or items of work changed or added.

3. Payment Payment will be made as the work proceeds, after presentation of paid invoices or documentation of direct costs by the contractor showing specific mobilization and demobilization costs and supporting evidence of the charges of suppliers, subcontractors, and others. When the total of such payments is less than the lump sum contract price, the balance remaining will be included in the final contract payment. Payment of the lump sum contract price for mobilization and demobilization will constitute full compensation for completion of the work.

Payment will not be made under this item for the purchase costs of materials having a residual value, the purchase costs of materials to be incorporated in the project, or the purchase costs of operating supplies.

4. Items of work and construction details

Items of work to be performed in conformance with this specification and construction details are:

Bid Item 4, Mobilization and Demobilization

1. This item shall consist of the mobilization and demobilization of the Contractor's forces and equipment as necessary to perform the work required by the contract.

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Construction Specification 11—Removal of Water

1. Scope The work consists of the removal of surface water and ground water as necessary to perform the construction required by the contract in accordance with the specifications. It shall include: (1) constructing, installing, build-ing, and maintaining all necessary temporary water containment facilities, channels, and diversions; (2) furnishing, installing, and operating all necessary pumps, piping, and other facilities and equipment; and (3) removing all such temporary works and equipment after their intended function is no longer required.

2. Diverting surface water The contractor shall install, maintain, and operate all cofferdams, channels, flumes, sumps, and all other tempo-rary diversion and protective works needed to divert streamflow and other surface water through or around the construction site. Control of surface water shall be continuous during the period that damage to construction work could occur. Unless otherwise specified and/or approved, the diversion outlet shall be into the same drainageway that the water would have reached before being diverted.

The contractor shall furnish the contracting officer, in writing, a proposed plan for diverting surface water before beginning any construction activities for which a diversion is required, unless waived in section 8 of this specifica-tion. Acceptance of this plan or the waiving of the plan requirement will not relieve the contractor of the responsi-bilities related to this activity during the process of completing the work as specified.

3. Dewatering the construction site Foundations, cutoff trenches, and all other parts of the construction site shall be dewatered and kept free of stand-ing water and muddy conditions as necessary for the proper execution of the work. The contractor shall furnish, install, operate, and maintain all drains, sumps, pumps, casings, well points, and all other equipment required to properly dewater the site as specified. Dewatering systems that cause a loss of soil fines from the foundation areas will not be permitted.

The contractor shall furnish the contracting officer, in writing, a proposed plan for dewatering before commencing with any construction activity for which dewatering may be required, unless waived in section 8 of this specifica-tion. Acceptance of this plan or the waiving of the plan requirement will not relieve the contractor of the responsi-bilities for completing the specified work.

4. Dewatering borrow areas The contractor shall maintain all borrow areas free of surface water or otherwise provide for timely and effective removal of surface and subsurface water that accumulates within the borrow area, unless waived in section 8 of this specification. Borrow material shall be processed as necessary to achieve proper and uniform moisture con-tent at the time of placement.

If pumping to dewater borrow areas is included as a bid item of work in the bid schedule, each pump discharge pipe shall be equipped with a water meter. The meter shall be such that the measured quantity of water is accurate within 3 percent of the true quantity. The contractor shall provide necessary support to perform accuracy tests of the water meter when requested by the contracting officer.

5. Erosion and pollution control Removal of water from the construction site, including the borrow areas, shall be accomplished so that erosion and the transporting of sediment and other pollutants are minimized. Dewatering activities shall be accomplished in a manner that the water table water quality is not altered. Pollution control activities shall not conflict with the requirements of Construction Specification 5, Pollution Control, if it is a part of this contract.

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6. Removal of temporary works When temporary works are no longer needed, the contractor shall remove and return the area to a condition similar to that which existed before construction. Areas where temporary works were located shall be graded for sightly appearance with no obstruction to natural surface waterflows or the proper functioning and access to the works of improvement installed. The contractor shall exercise extreme care during the removal stages to minimize the loss of soil sediment and debris that was trapped during construction.

Pipes, casings, and any other material used to dewater the site shall be removed from temporary wells. The wells shall be filled to ground level with clean gravel or other suitable material approved by the contracting officer. The contractor shall exercise extreme care to prevent pollution of the ground water by these actions.

7. Measurement and payment Method 1—Items of work listed in the bid schedule for removal of water, diverting surface water, and dewatering construction sites and borrow areas are paid for at the contract lump sum prices. Such payment will constitute full compensation for all labor, equipment, tools, and all other items necessary and incidental to the completion of the work.

Method 2—Items of work listed in the bid schedule for removal of water, diverting surface water, dewatering construction sites, and dewatering borrow areas are paid for at the contract lump sum prices. Such payment will constitute full compensation for furnishing, installing, operating, and maintaining the necessary trenches, drains, sumps, pumps, and piping and for all labor, equipment, tools, and all other items necessary and incidental to the completion of the work. The exception is that additional payment for pumping to dewater borrow areas and the removal of water will be made as described in the following paragraph.

If pumping to dewater borrow areas is a contract bid item, payment is made at the contract unit price, which shall be the price per 1,000 gallons shown in the bid schedule. Such payment will constitute full compensation for pump-ing only. Compensation for equipment and preparation and for other costs associated with pumping is included in the lump sum payment for removal of water or the lump sum payment for dewatering the borrow areas. Payment is made only for pumping that is necessary to dewater borrow areas that cannot be effectively drained by gravity or that must have the water table lowered to be usable as a suitable borrow source. Pumping for other purposes will not be included for payment under this item.

All Methods—The following provisions apply to all methods of measurement and payment. Compensation for any item of work described in the contract, but not listed in the bid schedule is included in the payment for the contract line item to which it is made subsidiary. Such items and the items to which they are made subsidiary are identified in section 8 of this specification.

8. Items of work and construction details

Items of work to be performed in conformance with this specification and construction details are:

Bid Item 5. Removal of Water

1. This item shall consist of opening up the main outlet channel to draw down the water levels in the basin and to keep all beaver dams cleared out throughout the performance period to allow work to be performed onsite. It will also include the construction of shallow surface drains from the outlet ditch to areas where macro-topographic excavations will made to allow for the draw down of the ponded surface water in these areas. Shallow surface drains will be at Elevation 661.0 or lower and will have a 2' wide bottom (minimum) and 5H:1V side slopes. Surface drains will remain in place and will NOT be filled in. This item includes the continual effort to keep the main ditch open to allow for removal of water and to allow survey to be performed in the macro-topography areas prior to their excavation commencing.

2. In Section 7, Measurement and Payment, Method 2 Lump Sum will be used.

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The work consists of furnishing and installing the specified kinds and types of piles at the locations shown on the drawings.

2. Material Piles shall conform to the requirements of following material specifications as appropriate to the kinds of piles specified. For piles of materials other than those listed, the material requirements outlined in section 14 of this specification shall apply.

511—Steel Piles 512—Wood Piles 513—Precast Concrete Piles 514—Cast-in-Place Concrete Piles

3. Site preparation All excavation within the area to be occupied by bearing piles shall be completed before the piles are driven.

4. Protection of pile heads The heads of all piles shall be protected during driving by suitable caps, rings, heads, blocks, mandrels, and other devices.

The heads of timber piles shall be fitted into a steel head block or fitted with heavy steel or wrought iron rings or wire wrapping.

The heads of steel piles shall be cut square and fitted with a steel driving cap.

The heads of precast concrete piles and casings shall be fitted into cushion type drive caps having a rope or other suitable cushion next to the pile head and fitting into a casting that in turn supports a timber shock block.

Driving heads, mandrels, and other devices shall be provided by the contractor as needed for special types of piles and shall conform to the recommendations of the pile manufacturer.

5. Piles, general The contractor shall notify the engineer before pile driving operation commences. Such notice shall be far enough in advance, a minimum of 24 hours, to provide the engineer adequate time to be present for the driving operations.

Piles shall be driven only in the presence of the engineer or authorized representative.

The determination of piling order lengths shall be the contractor's responsibility unless otherwise specified.

Unless otherwise approved, piles shall be driven with steam, air, diesel powered hammers or a combination of hammers, or by vibration or water jets. Water jets may be used only when specifically authorized by the engineer.

Where jetting is authorized, the jets shall be withdrawn before the specified depth or bearing capacity is obtained and the piles shall be driven with the hammer to the final penetration.

Construction Specification 13—Piling

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When drop hammers are permitted, the height of drop shall not be more than 8 feet for concrete piles or 12 feet for steel and timber piles, unless otherwise specified.

The driving of piling with followers shall be allowed only when expressly approved by the engineer.

Piles shall not be driven within 20 feet of concrete less than 7 days after placement, including concrete placed in cast-in-place piles with or without predriven shells or casings.

The contractor shall not attempt to drive piles beyond the point of refusal, as indicated by excessive bouncing of the hammer or kicking of the pile.

6. Bearing piles Bearing piles shall be driven to the position, line, and batter specified on the drawings. Each pile shall be driven continuously and without interruption to the specified depth or until the specified bearing capacity is obtained.

Deviation from this procedure is permitted only when interruption of driving is caused by conditions that could not reasonably be anticipated.

When a diesel hammer is used, it shall be operated at full throttle when blows are counted for determination of bearing capacity except that throttle adjustments shall be made as necessary to prevent the nonstriking parts of the hammer from rising from the pile on the ram upstroke.

7. Sheet piles The piling shall be driven in a manner that ensures perfect interlocking throughout the entire length of each pile.

The piles shall be held in proper alignment during driving by assembling frames or other suitable temporary guide structures. Temporary guide structures shall be removed when they have served their purpose.

Anytime the forward edge of the sheet pile wall is found to be out of correct alignment,

a. The piling already assembled and partly driven shall be driven to the required depth.

b. Taper piles shall then be driven to bring the forward edge into correct alignment before additional regular piling is assembled and driven. The maximum permissible taper in a single pile shall be 0.25 inch per foot of length.

8. Estimating bearing capacity When load tests are not required, the bearing capacity of each pile shall be estimated using one of the following formulas, as appropriate:

Gravity hammers:

wsat % 1

Single-acting steam or air hammers and diesel hammers having unrestricted rebound of the ram:

wsat % 10

Double-acting steam or air hammers and diesel hammers having enclosed rams:

wsat % 100 or R

E

S

0 1.

where:

R = safe bearing capacity, in pounds

W = weight of striking parts of hammer, in pounds

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H = height of fall, in feet

A = area of piston, in square inches

P = pressure of steam, air, or other gas exerted on the hammer piston or ram, in pounds per square inch

E = the manufacturer's rating for foot-pounds of energy developed by double-acting steam or air hammers, or 90 percent of the average equivalent energy developed by diesel hammers having enclosed rams as evalu-ated by gauge and chart readings, in foot-pounds

S = average penetration for the last 5 to 10 blows of a gravity hammer or the last 10 to 20 blows for steam, air, or diesel powered hammers, in inches per blow

These formulas are applicable when:

Twice the height of the bounce shall be deducted from H to determine its value in the formula.

If case water jets are used in conjunction with the driving, these formulas are used to determine the bearing power from the results of driving after the jets have been removed.

9. Load tests When load tests are specified, the test loads shall be applied gradually, without impact, and in a manner that no lateral forces are applied to the pile. Load testing shall not be started until 24 hours after driving of the test pile is completed unless otherwise specified in section 14 of this specification. Except as otherwise specified, load tests shall be performed according to the following procedures.

The total test load shall be twice the specified working load and shall be applied to the pile in increments equal to 25 percent of the working load. Settlement of the top of the pile shall be measured to an accuracy of 0.01 inch before and after the application of each load increment and at 2, 4, 8, 15, 30, and 60 minutes after, and then every 2 hours until the next load increment is applied. Additional load shall not be applied until the rate of settlement is less than 0.01 inch in 1 hour.

The total test load shall remain on the pile for a minimum of 24 hours. Settlement shall be measured at 6-hour inter-vals during this period and at the end of the period, at least twice during removal of the load, and immediately after all of the test load is removed. The net settlement shall be measured about 24 hours after the total load has been removed.

If settlement continues in excess of 0.01 inch per hour under less than the total test load, no additional load shall be applied. However, the load that has been applied shall remain on the pile a minimum of 24 hours, and settlement measurements while the load is on the pile and during and after removal of the load shall be made as if it were the total test load.

10. Cutting off piles The contractor shall cut the piles at the specified elevations. The length of pile cut off shall be sufficient to permit the removal of all damaged material. Steel shells or concrete casings for cast-in-place concrete piles shall be cut off at the specified elevation before being filled with concrete.

Steel bearing piles shall be cut off in clean, straight lines as shown on the drawings. Any irregularities shall be lev-eled off with deposits of weld metal or by grinding before placement of bearing caps.

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Precast concrete piles and concrete casings shall be cut off in a manner that prevents damage to the rest of the pile or casing or to the projecting reinforcement required for connecting the piles to the structure.

Timber piles that are to be capped shall be accurately cut off so that true bearing is obtained on every pile without the use of shims.

11. Defective piles Any pile damaged in driving, driven out of proper location, driven below the specified cutoff elevation, or inaccu-rately cut off shall be corrected by one of the following methods, as approved by the engineer:

a. The defective pile shall be pulled and replaced or re-driven.

b. A new pile shall be driven adjacent to the defective pile.

c. The defective pile shall be spliced or built up or a sufficient part of the footing shall be extended to properly embed the pile.

Pile shells abandoned in place after driving shall be filled with concrete or sand-cement grout as appropriate to the conditions that are present.

All piles pushed up by the driving of adjacent piles or by any other cause shall be re-driven to final grade.

Any sheet pile ruptured in the interlock or otherwise damaged during driving shall be pulled and replaced.

12. Correcting surface heave Any excess material resulting from displacement of earth by pile driving shall be removed. Materials disturbed by pile driving shall be conditioned and compacted to a minimum density equal to adjacent undisturbed material.

13. Measurement and payment Method 1—For items of work for which specific unit prices are established in the contract, each type, kind, and length of pile driven in place is counted. Payment for furnishing and driving each type, kind, and length of pile is made at the contract unit price. Such payment will constitute full compensation for all labor, equipment, materials, and all other items necessary and incidental to the completion of the work.

Method 2—For items of work for which specific unit prices are established in the contract, each type, kind, and length of pile furnished, accepted, and stockpiled in good condition at the site of the work is counted. Payment for furnishing each type, kind, and length of pile is made at the contract unit price. Payment for driving each type and kind of pile is made at the contract unit price. Such payment will constitute full compensation for all labor, equip-ment, materials, and all other items necessary and incidental to the completion of the work.

Method 3—For items of work for which specific unit prices are established in the contract, the length of each type and kind of pile driven is computed to the nearest foot as the difference between the measured length of pile be-fore driving and measured length of pile cut off after driving. Payment for furnishing and driving each type and kind of pile is made at the contract unit price. Such payment will constitute full payment for all labor, equipment, materi-als, and other items necessary and incidental to the completion of the work.

Method 4—For items of work for which specific unit prices are established in the contract, the area of sheet pile walls, acceptably placed in accordance and within the neat lines shown on the drawings, is computed to the near-est square foot. Payment is made at the contract unit price for each type, kind, and weight of piling. Such payment

13–5 will constitute full payment for all labor, equipment, materials, and other items necessary and incidental to the completion of the work.

All Methods—The following provisions apply to all methods of measurement and payment:

The measurement of the number of linear feet of piles (or number of piles) furnished and the number of piles driven shall include test and tension piles specified in the contract. Piles furnished and driven at the option of the contractor are not included. No payment is made for furnishing or driving pile, including test piles, to replace piles lost or damaged before the completion of the contract while in stockpile or during handling and driving.

When load tests are specified, payment for each test is made at the contract unit price per test. Such payment will constitute full compensation for all labor, equipment, materials, and all other items necessary and incidental to perform the test, except furnishing and driving piling.

When splices are specified, payment for each splice is made at the contract unit price. Such payment shall consti-tute full compensation for labor, equipment, materials, and all other items necessary and incidental to the comple-tion of the work.

Compensation for any item of work described in the contract, but not listed in the bid schedule is included in the payment for the item of work to which it is made subsidiary. Such items and the items to which they are made sub-sidiary are identified in section 14 of this specification.

14. Items of work and construction details

Items of work to be performed in conformance with this specification and construction details are:

Bid Item 6, Piling

1. This item shall consist of the installation of 48 wall feet of sheet piles 15' deep according to the construction details in the plans. It also consists of the installation of the sheet pile cap across the top of the pilings as shown in the construction details in the plans. Shop drawings for the cap installation will be submitted to the engineer for approval prior to installation. All site preparation for the installation of the piles is considered subsdiary to this item.

2. In Section 13, Measurement and Payment, Method 1 will be used.

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The work shall consist of the excavation required by the drawings and specifications and disposal of the excavated materials.

2. Classification Excavation is classified as common excavation, rock excavation, or unclassified excavation in accordance with the following definitions or is designated as unclassified.

Common excavation is defined as the excavation of all materials that can be excavated, transported, and unloaded using heavy ripping equipment and wheel tractor-scrapers with pusher tractors or that can be excavated and dumped into place or loaded onto hauling equipment by excavators having a rated capacity of one cubic yard or larger and equipped with attachments (shovel, bucket, backhoe, dragline, or clam shell) appropriate to the material type, character, and nature of the materials.

Rock excavation is defined as the excavation of all hard, compacted, or cemented materials that require blasting or the use of ripping and excavating equipment larger than defined for common excavation. The excavation and removal of isolated boulders or rock fragments larger than 1 cubic yard encountered in materials otherwise con-forming to the definition of common excavation shall be classified as rock excavation. The presence of isolated boulders or rock fragments larger than 1 cubic yard is not in itself sufficient cause to change the classification of the surrounding material.

For the purpose of these classifications, the following definitions shall apply:

Heavy ripping equipment is a rear-mounted, heavy duty, single-tooth, ripping attachment mounted on a track type tractor having a power rating of at least 250 flywheel horsepower unless otherwise specified in section 10.

Wheel tractor-scraper is a self-loading (not elevating) and unloading scraper having a struck bowl capacity of at least 12 cubic yards.

Pusher tractor is a track type tractor having a power rating of at least 250 flywheel horsepower equipped with ap-propriate attachments.

Unclassified excavation is defined as the excavation of all materials encountered, including rock materials, regard-less of…