Grid reliability with automatic damping and inertia for electrical networks and transmission systems (gradients)

This is Modification 01 to the NOFO: • Clarified the meaning of the Program Policy Factors in Section V.C. - This is Modification 01 to the NOFO: • Clarified the meaning of the Program Policy Factors in Section V.C. DE-FOA-0003554 - GRID RELIABILITY WITH AUTOMATIC DAMPING AND INERTIA FOR ELECTRICAL NETWORKS AND TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS (GRADIENTS) To obtain a copy of the Notice of Funding Opportunity (NOFO) please go to ARPA-E eXCHANGE at https://arpa-e-foa.energy.gov. To apply to this NOFO, Applicants must register with and submit application materials through ARPA-E eXCHANGE (https://arpa-e-foa.energy.gov/Registration.aspx). For detailed guidance on using ARPA-E eXCHANGE, please refer to the ARPA-E eXCHANGE User Guide (https://arpa-e-foa.energy.gov/Manuals.aspx). ARPA-E will not review or consider application materials submitted through other means. For problems with ARPA-E eXCHANGE, email ExchangeHelp@hq.doe.gov (with NOFO name and number in the subject line). 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Agency Overview: The Advanced Research Projects Agency - Energy (ARPA-E), an organization within the Department of Energy (DOE), is chartered by Congress in the America COMPETES Act of 2007 (P.L. 110-69), as amended by the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010 (P.L. 111-358), as further amended by the Energy Act of 2020 (P.L. 116-260): "(A) to enhance the economic and energy security of the United States through the development of energy technologies that- (i) reduce imports of energy from foreign sources; (ii) reduce energy-related emissions, including greenhouse gases; (iii) improve the energy efficiency of all economic sectors; (iv) provide transformative solutions to improve the management, clean-up, and disposal of radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel; and (v) improve the resilience, reliability, and security of infrastructure to produce, deliver, and store energy; and (B) to ensure that the United States maintains a technological lead in developing and deploying advanced energy technologies." 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Submissions can propose a project with the end deliverable being an extremely creative, but partial solution. Program Overview: The Grid Reliability with Automatic Damping and Inertia for Electrical Networks and Transmission Systems (GRADIENTS) program will support the development of disruptive grid assets and control solutions enabling renewable energy systems to provide and improve services traditionally supported by large conventional synchronous generators. At present, existing renewable energy systems without ancillary services can deteriorate grid stability. This program aims to use real-time control co-design (RT-CCD) to transform that problem into a solution, specifically creating intelligent inverter-based resources (IBRs) that improve grid controllability and coordination. The RT-CCD methodology uses control engineering principles throughout the design process rather than considering control design as a subsequent process. By co-optimizing assets for power delivery and controllability, this design methodology can achieve improvements in grid stability that are not otherwise possible without prohibitive capital expenses. Projects in this program will cover technologies in three categories: flexible renewable generation, intelligent automatic relays, and wide-area RT-CCD. GRADIENTS technologies based on dynamic metrics that quantify grid stability and controllability in terms of rate of change of frequency (RoCoF), nadir, decay ratio, and recovery time, and the program will also include a techno-economic metric for synergy margin evaluation. The program will drive advancements in grid resilience, efficiency, and adaptability. By addressing and coordinating resources that can provide inertia (energy) and damping (control) with fast frequency regulation across the grid, GRADIENTS will improve reliability in high-renewable penetration scenarios, mitigating blackout risks, reducing potential curtailment of renewables, lowering operational costs, and maximizing economic viability. The program will also foster technological innovation by developing intelligent relays and fault-tolerant protection systems, improving fault detection, adaptability, and response capabilities tailored for IBRs. Furthermore, its scalable and flexible approach to distributed control supports a wide range of applications from large regional grids to localized microgrids with customization for diverse energy mixes and regulatory requirements. Collectively, these advancements will modernize grid infrastructure, promote renewable energy integration, improve grid dynamics, and support a sustainable energy future. 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