WHO International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes.pdf

This document is the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes published by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1981, developed in collaboration with UNICEF and Member States. The code establishes guidelines for the marketing and distribution of breast-milk substitutes, infant formula, and related products, adopted by the Thirty-fourth World Health Assembly in May 1981 with 118 votes in favor, 1 against, and 3 abstentions. The code contains 11 articles covering various aspects including aim, scope, definitions, information/education, marketing restrictions, labeling requirements, and implementation monitoring. It was developed through extensive consultations with Member States, organizations, and industry stakeholders between 1979-1981.

The code prohibits direct advertising and promotion of breast-milk substitutes to the general public, samples to pregnant women or mothers, and financial incentives to health workers. It requires clear labeling that breast-feeding is superior, with no pictures idealizing artificial feeding. Product quality must meet international standards, particularly Codex Alimentarius standards. Implementation and monitoring responsibilities lie with governments, WHO, and UNICEF, with manufacturers and distributors expected to comply voluntarily through self-regulation. The code serves as a minimum requirement that countries can strengthen further through national legislation and regulations. Technical support for implementation is available from WHO and UNICEF at global, regional and country levels.