FIO SPECS-PRESOL_IFH North Foster_Vol II.2.pdf

Improve Family Housing (North Foster Towers) 17AF0012 Camp Foster, Okinawa

SECTION TABLE OF CONTENTS

DIVISION 03 - CONCRETE

SECTION 03 01 00

REHABILITATION OF CONCRETE

PART 1 GENERAL

1.1 SCOPE

1.2 DEFINITIONS

1.2.1 Bracing

1.2.2 Delamination

1.2.3 Rehabilitation

1.2.4 Repair

1.2.5 Shoring

1.2.6 Termination Joint

1.2.7 Unsound Concrete

1.3 REFERENCES

1.4 SUBMITTALS

1.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE

1.5.1 General Requirements

1.5.2 Quality Control Plan

1.5.3 Qualifications

1.5.3.1 Quality Control Personnel

1.5.3.2 Contractor Qualifications

1.5.3.3 Worker Qualifications

1.5.3.4 Regulatory Requirements

1.5.4 Pre-Construction Conference

1.5.5 Work Plan

1.6 ACCEPTANCE OF REHABILITATION WORK

1.6.1 General Requirements

1.6.2 Tolerances

1.6.3 Appearance

1.7 PROTECTION OF COMPLETED REHABILITATION WORK

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.1 MATERIALS FOR SHORING AND BRACING

2.1.1 Shoring and Bracing Systems

2.1.2 Design Requirements

2.2 EQUIPMENT FOR CONCRETE PREPARATION

2.2.1 Equipment for Concrete Removal

2.2.1.1 Cutting Equipment

2.2.1.2 Concrete Breakers

2.2.2 Surface preparation and cleaning equipment

2.2.2.1 Abrasive Blasting

2.2.2.2 Low Pressure Water Cleaning

2.2.2.3 Other Cleaning Equipment

2.3 MATERIALS FOR FORMWORK AND EMBEDDED ITEMS

2.4 REINFORCEMENT AND REINFORCEMENT SUPPORTS

2.4.1 Steel Bars, and Wires

2.5 CONVENTIONAL CONCRETE

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2.6 POLYMERS

2.6.1 Epoxies

2.6.2 Latexes

2.6.3 Aggregate

2.7 MISCELLANEOUS MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT

2.7.1 Packaged and proprietary materials

2.7.2 Bond Breakers

2.7.3 Structural steel

2.7.4 Concrete Accessories

2.7.5 Miscellaneous Equipment

2.8 MIXTURE PROPORTIONING

PART 3 EXECUTION

3.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

3.1.1 Examination

3.1.2 Protection

3.1.3 Formwork and Shoring

3.1.3.1 Formwork

3.1.3.2 Shoring

3.1.4 Concrete preparation

3.1.5 Quality Control

3.1.5.1 Quality control of surface preparation

3.1.5.2 Quality control of repair overlays

3.1.6 Curing

3.1.7 Clean up

3.1.8 Safety

3.2 CRACK REPAIR

3.2.1 Preparation

3.2.1.1 General Requirements

3.2.1.2 Crack routing

3.2.1.3 Sealing

3.2.2 Application

3.2.2.1 Epoxy injection

3.2.2.2 Gravity fill

3.2.3 Quality Control

3.2.4 Acceptance Criteria

3.2.4.1 Core Sampling

3.2.4.2 Core Testing

3.2.4.3 Acceptance

3.3 CORROSION AND SURFACE REPAIR

3.3.1 Preparation

3.3.1.1 Identification of Extent of Concrete Removal

3.3.1.2 Shoring and Formwork

3.3.1.3 Concrete Removal

3.3.1.4 Preparation of Concrete Substrate Surface

3.3.2 Application

3.3.2.1 Existing Reinforcement Preparation

3.3.2.2 Placement of New Reinforcement

3.3.2.3 Placement of Concrete

3.3.2.4 Placement of Other Repair Materials

3.3.3 Quality Control

3.4 OVERLAYS

3.4.1 Preparation

3.4.1.1 Bonded Overlays

3.4.1.2 Unbonded Overlays

3.4.2 Application

3.4.2.1 Portland Cement Concrete

3.4.2.2 Polymer-modified Portland Cement Concrete

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3.4.2.3 Polymer Concrete/Mortar

3.4.2.4 Bonding Agents

3.4.3 Quality Control

3.4.4 Joints

3.5 CONCRETE STRENGTHENING

3.5.1 Preparation

3.5.2 Application

3.5.2.1 Section enlargement

-- End of Section Table of Contents --

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SECTION 03 01 00

REHABILITATION OF CONCRETE

PART 1 GENERAL

1.1 SCOPE

This specification governs the rehabilitation of structural concrete.

1.2 DEFINITIONS

1.2.1 Bracing

Temporary supplemental members used to avoid local or global instability during construction, evaluation, or repair that are intended to be removed after completion of construction.

1.2.2 Delamination

A planar separation in a material that is roughly parallel to the surface of the material.

1.2.3 Rehabilitation

Repairing or modifying an existing structure to a desired useful condition.

1.2.4 Repair

The reconstruction or renewal of concrete parts of an existing structure for its maintenance or to correct deterioration, damage, or faulty construction of members or systems of a structure.

1.2.5 Shoring

Props or posts of timber or other material in compression used for the temporary support of excavations, formwork, or unsafe structures; the process of erecting shores.

1.2.6 Termination Joint

The interface where a placement of repair material meets existing concrete, the edge of an expansion joint, or other existing surfaces.

1.2.7 Unsound Concrete

Concrete that is fractured, delaminated, spalled, deteriorated, defective, contaminated or otherwise damaged.

1.3 REFERENCES

AMERICAN CONCRETE INSTITUTE INTERNATIONAL (ACI)

ACI 117 (2010; Errata 2011) Specifications for Tolerances for Concrete Construction and

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Materials and Commentary

ACI 503.2-503.4 (2010, R 2003) Three Epoxy Specifications

ACI 503.3 (2010) Specification for Producing a Skid-Resistant Surface on Concrete by the Use of Epoxy and Aggregate

ACI 503.7 (2007) Specification for Crack Repair by Epoxy Injection

ACI 548.12 (2012) Specification for Bonding Hardened Concrete and Steel to Hardened Concrete with an Epoxy Adhesive

ACI 548.4 (2011) Standard Specification for Latex-Modified Concrete (LMC) Overlays

ACI 548.8 (2007) Specification for Type EM (Epoxy Multi-Layer) Polymer Overlay for Bridge and Parking Garage Decks

AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CIVIL ENGINEERS (ASCE)

ASCE/SEI 37 (2015) Design Loads on Structures During Construction

ASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM)

ASTM A780/A780M (2009; R 2015) Standard Practice for Repair of Damaged and Uncoated Areas of Hot-Dip Galvanized Coatings

ASTM C1059/C1059M (2013) Standard Specification for Latex Agents for Bonding Fresh to Hardened Concrete

ASTM C1438 (2013; R 2017) Standard Specification for Latex and Powder Polymer Modifiers for use in Hydraulic Cement Concrete and Mortar

ASTM C1583/C1583M (2013) Standard Test Method for Tensile Strength of Concrete Surfaces and the Bond Strength or Tensile Strength of Concrete Repair and Overlay Materials by Direct Tension (Pull-off Method)

ASTM C1600/C1600M (2017) Standard Specification for Rapid Hardening Hydraulic Cement

ASTM C1602/C1602M (2012) Standard Specification for Mixing Water Used in Production of Hydraulic Cement Concrete

ASTM C33/C33M (2016) Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates

ASTM C387/C387M (2015) Standard Specification for Packaged, Dry, Combined Materials for

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Mortar and Concrete

ASTM C42/C42M (2013) Standard Test Method for Obtaining and Testing Drilled Cores and Sawed Beams of Concrete

ASTM C496/C496M (2017) Standard Test Method for Splitting Tensile Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens

ASTM C881/C881M (2015) Standard Specification for Epoxy-Resin-Base Bonding Systems for Concrete

ASTM C928/C928M (2013) Packaged, Dry, Rapid-Hardening Cementitious Materials for Concrete Repairs

ASTM D2103 (2015) Standard Specification for Polyethylene Film and Sheeting

ASTM D2822/D2822M (2005; R 2011; E 2011) Standard Specification for Asphalt Roof Cement, Asbestos-Containing

ASTM D4580/D4580M (2012) Standard Practice for Measuring Delaminations in Concrete Bridge Decks by Sounding

1.4 SUBMITTALS

Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" designation;

submittals not having a "G" designation are for Contractor Quality Control approval. When used, a designation following the "G" designation identifies the office that will review the submittal for the government.

Submit the following in accordance with Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL

PROCEDURES:

SD-01 Preconstruction Submittals

Qualifications

Work Plan

Quality Control Plan

SD-03 Product Data

Conventional Concrete

Polymers

Miscellaneous Materials And Equipment

SD-05 Design Data

Formwork And Shoring

Repair Procedures

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Mixture Proportioning

SD-06 Test Reports

Mixture Proportioning

Quality Control

Tolerence Report

Reinforcement And Reinforcement Supports

Conventional Concrete

Polymers

Miscellaneous Materials And Equipment

SD-07 Certificates

Qualifications

Reinforcement And Reinforcement Supports

Conventional Concrete

Polymers

SD-08 Manufacturer's Instructions

Equipment For Concrete Preparation

Conventional Concrete

Polymers

Miscellaneous Materials And Equipment

1.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE

1.5.1 General Requirements

a. Follow the requirements of Section 03 30 53 MISCELLANEOUS CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE for Work involving portland cement concrete.

b. To protect personnel from overexposure to toxic materials, conform to the applicable manufacturer's Safety data sheets or local regulations.

Submit manufacturer's Safety Data Sheets for all polymers as well as other potentially hazardous materials.

c. Submit the repair procedures for executing the work as well as the test data and documentation on materials used for repair. Submittal must include component materials, mixture proportions, and supplier's quality control program.

d. Inspection and testing of surface preparation as well as placement of reinforcing steel must be in accordance with provisions included herein and the Contract Document.

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e. Sampling and testing of materials, as well as inspection and testing of work, must be in accordance with established procedures, manufacturer's instructions, specific instructions from the Contracting Officer if given, or recommended practices as referenced herein and the Contract Documents.

f. Trial batches and testing requirements for various repair materials specified are the responsibility of the Contractor.

g. The testing agency must inspect, sample, and test repair materials and concrete production as required. When it appears that material furnished or work performed by Contractor fails to conform to Contract Documents the testing agency will immediately report such deficiency.

1.5.2 Quality Control Plan

Submit a quality control plan as specified in Sections 01 45 00 USACE

QUALITY CONTROL.

1.5.3 Qualifications

The submittals must where applicable, identify agencies and individuals who will be working on this contract and their relevant experience. Do not make changes in approved agencies or personnel without prior approval of the Contracting Officer.

1.5.3.1 Quality Control Personnel

Field tests of repair materials required must be made by an ICRI Concrete Surface Repair Technician Tier 2 or Registered Japanese First Class Architectural Engineer. Submit resumes, pertinent information, past experience, training and education of all operators of specialized demolition equipment if needed for this and the three paragraphs above.

1.5.3.2 Contractor Qualifications

The contractor performing the repair work must have been involved in a minimum of three concrete repair projects similar in size and scope to this project for at least five years. Submit information, including name, dollar value, date, and point-of-contact for similar projects which demonstrates the required experience and/or training.

1.5.3.3 Worker Qualifications

a. Each worker engaged in the use of specialized removal or application equipment, including saw operators epoxy injection , must have satisfactorily completed an instruction program and three years of experience in the operation of the equipment. The worker must have active experience with the equipment within five years of the project.

b. Workers installing adhesive anchors must be ACI Adhesive Anchor Installer certified or equivalent.

1.5.3.4 Regulatory Requirements

Perform all work in accordance with applicable Federal, State, and local safety, health, and environmental requirements. The Contractor is responsible for obtaining all permits required by Federal, State, and

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local agencies for the performance of the work.

1.5.4 Pre-Construction Conference

Conduct a pre-construction conference to discuss repair materials performance requirements, control provisions, and roles and responsibilities for the Work to ensure that the Contractor's personnel understand all aspects of the repair material, its properties and application procedures. The conference must include the Contracting Officer or authorized representative, the Contractor's field superintendent and foreman, and a competent Technical Representative of the material manufacturer, and other involved trades or supplier representatives. The Technical Representative must be fully qualified to perform the work.

1.5.5 Work Plan

Prepare a work plan describing the methods of concrete removal and repair, including methods, equipment and materials to be used for each feature.

Submit the work plan for approval at least 30 days prior to the start of the work. The plan must include, but not be limited to, repair materials to be used with specific information on products and/or constituents, and requirements for handling, storage, etc., equipment to be used, surface preparation, and requirements for placement, finishing, curing and protection specific to the materials used. Include a description of field demonstrations in the work plan. Do not commence work until the work plan and field demonstration representative of the type of work are approved.

1.6 ACCEPTANCE OF REHABILITATION WORK

1.6.1 General Requirements

a. Completed concrete rehabilitation work must conform to applicable requirements of Contract Document and this specification. The Contractor is responsible to bring Work into compliance with requirements of Contract Documents if the Concrete repair work fails to meet one or more requirements of Contract Documents.

b. Correct rejected repair work by removing and replacing or by strengthening with additional construction acceptable to the Contracting Officer. Use repair methods that meet applicable requirements for function, durability, dimensional tolerances, and appearance.

c. Submit proposed work plan, repair methods, materials, and modifications to the Work needed to correct rejected repair work to meet the requirements of Contract Documents.

1.6.2 Tolerances

a. Construction tolerances for repairs must conform to ACI 117 . Where existing conditions do not allow tolerances to conform to ACI 117 , use the details and materials for such conditions as indicated in the Contract Documents. For conditions not shown or that are different than indicated in the Contract Documents, notify the Contracting Officer before proceeding with the work at those locations.Provide a tolerence report as required by Section 03 30 53 MISCELLANEOUS

CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE.

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b. Inaccurately formed concrete surfaces resulting in concrete members with dimensions that exceed ACI 117 tolerances are subject to rejection.

1.6.3 Appearance

Concrete surfaces not meeting the requirements of the Contract Documents must be brought into compliance.

1.7 PROTECTION OF COMPLETED REHABILITATION WORK

a. Do not allow construction loads to exceed the loads that a structural member or structure is safely capable of supporting without damage.

Provide supplemental support if construction loads are expected to exceed safe load capacity.

b. Protect repaired and adjacent areas from damage by construction traffic, equipment, and materials. During the curing period, protect repair materials from damage by mechanical disturbances, including load-induced stresses, shock, and vibration.

c. Protect repair materials from environmental damage by weather events during the length of the curing period.

PART 2 PRODUCTS

Products or materials used must conform to the requirements included herein as well as the Contract Documents. The usage of other products or materials not covered by this requirement or specified in the Contract Documents are permitted upon approval by the Contracting Officer.

Additional information and submittals for products and materials not included in this document including product data, samples, design data, test reports, certificates, manufacturer's instructions, and field reports must be submitted as requested by the Contracting Officer.

2.1 MATERIALS FOR SHORING AND BRACING

2.1.1 Shoring and Bracing Systems

Use commercially manufactured and engineered shoring and bracing systems and components, except where custom built assemblies of lumber or other suitable materials are permitted by the Contracting Officer.

2.1.2 Design Requirements

The design of the bracing and shoring must be based on ASCE/SEI 37 .

a. Non-manufactured shoring and bracing systems must have calculations signed and sealed by a Licensed Design Professional.

b. Members of non-manufactured shoring systems, must be designed in accordance with the provisions of the governing building code for the specific material of the member.

c. Members of manufactured shoring systems, consisting of pre-engineered components designed and produced specifically for structural shoring, must be used in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.

2.2 EQUIPMENT FOR CONCRETE PREPARATION

Means and methods used for concrete removal and surface preparation must

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be selected and used such as to minimize damage to the structure and to the concrete substrate that remains.

2.2.1 Equipment for Concrete Removal

Removal equipment and techniques must be suitable to produce concrete surface profiles and level of cleanliness in designated areas as required by this specification and the contract Documents.

2.2.1.1 Cutting Equipment

a. The following cutting equipment are permitted: Saw cutting and Stitch drilling.

b. Cutting, lifting, and transporting equipment must be adequate to cut, support, and transport concrete sections without incurring any damage to the existing structure.

2.2.1.2 Concrete Breakers

a. Provide sharp tips on breaker equipment to minimize microcracking damage in partial depth removal.

b. The use of the following impact equipment and methods is permitted:

Hand-held breakersMilling methods.

c. The maximum breaker size is 41 KG.

2.2.2 Surface preparation and cleaning equipment

2.2.2.1 Abrasive Blasting

a. Use dry oil-free abrasive blasting capable of removing loose micro-fractured (bruised) or otherwise damaged or pulverized concrete surfaces, and rust from exposed steel reinforcement, and providing a surface profile in compliance with the Contract Documents.

b. Use the following abrasive blasting methods: Sandblasting Shotblasting

2.2.2.2 Low Pressure Water Cleaning

Use equipment capable of delivering 7 MPa to 35 MPa to at 7.5 liters/min to 38 liters/min for cleaning loose material from repair areas.

2.2.2.3 Other Cleaning Equipment

Use equipment that delivers oil free air capable of cleaning loose material and debris from repair areas. If necessary to dry the concrete surface, gas-fired torches or clean, dry, compressed air may be used.

Also, use vacuums capable of removing loose material and debris.

2.3 MATERIALS FOR FORMWORK AND EMBEDDED ITEMS

a. Formwork and embedded items must meet the requirements specified in Section 03 30 53 MISCELLANEOUS CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE.

b. Install and remove formwork without damaging or staining the existing structure or repair material.

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c. Forms used for polymer concrete/mortars must be tight enough to hold the material that is used without leaking. All surfaces where bond is not desired, but which are exposed to the monomer or resin, must be treated with a form release agent.

2.4 REINFORCEMENT AND REINFORCEMENT SUPPORTS

2.4.1 Steel Bars, and Wires

a. Reinforcement and reinforcement support must meet the requirements specified in Section 03 30 53 MISCELLANEOUS CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE.

b. Submit mill certificates and shop drawings as requirement by Section

03 30 53 MISCELLANEOUS CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE.

2.5 CONVENTIONAL CONCRETE

a. Portland cement concrete materials must meet the requirements specified in Section 03 30 53 MISCELLANEOUS CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE.

b. For cement based bonding systems use neat portland cement or a blend of portland cement and an ASTM C33/C33M fine aggregate filler proportioned one to one by mass. The water-to-cement ratio of the bonding mixture must be equal to the water-to-cement ratio of concrete used as a repair or overlay material. Water used must meet ASTM C1602/C1602M requirements.

c. Use cementitious materials of the same brand and type from the same manufacturing plant as the cementitious materials used in the concrete represented by the submitted field test records or used in trial mixtures.

d. Aggregates used in concrete must be obtained from the same sources as aggregates used in the concrete represented by submitted historical data or used in trial mixtures.

e. Refer to Section 03 30 53 MISCELLANEOUS CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE for details on submittals involving conventional concrete.

2.6 POLYMERS

a. The requirements for the properties of polymers and aggregates used in polymers must meet the requirements specified in this paragraph as well as the properties specified in the referenced specifications and the Contract Documents.

b. Polymers used must be compatible with other polymers and materials used on the project. Unless repair materials are specified in the contract documents, the Contractor is responsible for verifying material compatibilities.

c. Submit product data, manufacturer's Safety Data Sheets,samples, design data, test reports, certificates, manufacturer's instructions, and field reports for materials as required by this document as well as the referenced specifications and the Contract Documents.

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2.6.1 Epoxies

a. Epoxy mortars and epoxy compounds must conform to ASTM C881/C881M,Type III; Class C; Grade 1 or 2.

b. Epoxy mortars used for repairing defects in hardened portland cement concrete must meet the requirements of ACI 503.2-503.4 .

c. Epoxy used for crack repair must meet the requirements of ACI 503.7 .

d. Epoxy used to produce a skid-resistant surface on hardened concrete must meet the requirements of ACI 503.3 .

e. Epoxy used for overlays must meet the requirements of ACI 548.8 .

f. Epoxy used for bonding freshly mixed concrete and hardened concrete must meet the requirements of ASTM C881/C881M, Type V, Grade 2, Class C.

g. Epoxy used for bonding hardened concrete and steel to hardened concrete must meet the requirements of ACI 548.12 .

2.6.2 Latexes

a. Latex used in polymer modified portland cement concrete/mortar must meet the requirements of ASTM C1438.

b. Latex used in polymer modified portland cement concrete overlays must meet the requirements of ACI 548.4 .

c. Latex used for bonding freshly mixed concrete and hardened concrete must meet the requirements of ASTM C1059/C1059M , Type II.

2.6.3 Aggregate

a. Unless otherwise specified or recommended by the polymer material manufacturer, aggregate used with polymers must meet ASTM C33/C33M requirements.

b. Aggregate properties and proportions used with polymers must meet the requirements of the polymer material manufacturer, the requirements of the referenced polymer standard, and the Contract Documents.

c. Aggregate used with polymers must be dry and free of dirt, asphalt, and other organic materials. Aggregate moisture content must be less than 0.2 percent by weight.

d. For patch repairs, the maximum-sized aggregate must not be greater than one third the depth of the patch area.

2.7 MISCELLANEOUS MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT

2.7.1 Packaged and proprietary materials

The required properties for the materials listed in this paragraph must meet the properties specified in the Contract Documents. Submit Product data, samples, design data, test reports, certificates, manufacturer's instructions, and field reports as required by the Contracting Officer and the Contract Documents.

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a. Packaged, rapid hardening concrete repair materials must conform to

ASTM C928/C928M.

b. Packaged, mortar and concrete must conform ASTM C387/C387M.

c. Rapid hardening cement must conform to ASTM C1600/C1600M .

Water used with packaged and proprietary materials must meet ASTM C1602/C1602M requirements. Aggregates must meet the repair material manufacturer's requirements if available and ASTM C33/C33M if such requirements are not specified.

2.7.2 Bond Breakers

a. Bond breaker materials must meet the requirements of ASTM D2822/D2822M , ASTM D2103 , and must have a minimum thickness of 0.25 mm.

b. Bond breaker materials used must not have detrimental effects on portland cement concrete and reinforcement.

2.7.3 Structural steel

Structural steel used for repairs must meet the requirements of 05 50 13

MISCELLANEOUS METAL FABRICATIONS.

2.7.4 Concrete Accessories

All concrete accessories not included in this document must meet the requirements specified in Section 03 30 53 MISCELLANEOUS CAST-IN-PLACE

CONCRETE.

2.7.5 Miscellaneous Equipment

a. Equipment designed specifically for the application of repair materials must be used as required by the repair material manufacturer and the referenced specification.

b. Equipment not listed in this specification but referenced or used for repairs must be clean and in good operating condition.

c. All supplies and equipment must be available in sufficient quantities to allow continuity in the installation project and quality assurance.

2.8 MIXTURE PROPORTIONING

a. Portland cement-based concrete mixtures must be in accordance with the requirements of Section Section 03 30 53 MISCELLANEOUS CAST-IN-PLACE

CONCRETE.

b. Polymer concrete/mortar/resin/monomer proportioning, handling, and mixing procedures as well as equipment used for mixing these materials must conform to the requirements of the referenced material specifications and the repair material manufacturer's directions.

c. Polymer-modified portland cement concrete proportioning, handling, and mixing procedures as well as equipment used for mixing these materials must conform to the requirements provided by the repair material manufacturer as well as ACI 548.4 when such materials are used for

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overlays.

d. Proportioning and mixing materials not specified above must follow the requirements provided by the repair material manufacturer.

PART 3 EXECUTION

3.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

3.1.1 Examination

Locate area of unsound concrete or delamination using hammer sounding or chain drag sound methods in accordance to ASTM D4580/D4580M . Denote and mark perimeter boundaries and notify the Contracting Officer to approve the unsound concrete layout boundaries.

3.1.2 Protection

Protect pedestrians, motorized traffic, mechanical, electrical, and plumbing equipment, surrounding construction, project site, landscaping, and surrounding buildings from damage or injury resulting from concrete rehabilitation work.

a. Construct dust and debris barriers surrounding repair work perimeter to control dust and to protect and control construction traffic.

b. Dispose of runoff from wet demolition or surface preparation operations in accordance with all local ordinances. Disposal methods must avoid soil erosion, avoid undermining pavements and foundations, damage to landscaping and vegetation, and minimize water penetration through other parts of buildings.

c. Collect and neutralize alkaline wastes and acid wastes and dispose in accordance with local, state, and federal regulations.

d. Comply with local noise ordinances during demolition operations.

e. Perform demolition work and surface preparation work in a manner that minimizes disturbances of operations. Coordinate work with the Contracting Officer.

f. Submit a proposed protection plan for approval by owner representative and Licensed Design Professional.

3.1.3 Formwork and Shoring

Execution of formwork and shoring must meet the requirements specified in Section 03 30 53 MISCELLANEOUS CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE.

3.1.3.1 Formwork

a. Construct forms to sizes, shapes, lines, and dimensions to match existing adjacent surfaces and textures. Provide forms that match openings, offsets, chamfers, anchorages, inserts and other features as described on Contract Documents. Construct forms to accommodate installation of products by other trades. Provide forms for easy removal to minimize damage to concrete surfaces and adjacent surfaces.

Apply form release coating over formwork surfaces prior to each concrete placement. Form release agents must not be applied to or come

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in contact with the repair area concrete substrate or reinforcement.

b. Do not damage repair material during removal of formwork for columns, walls, sides of beams, and other parts not supporting weight of concrete or repair material. Perform needed repair and treatment required on vertical surfaces at once and follow immediately with specified curing. Remove all formwork anchors embedded in existing concrete. Fill anchor holes and repair all damage to existing concrete at anchor holes.

3.1.3.2 Shoring

a. Provide shoring in accordance with the shoring drawings prior to performing work to brace the substrate structure temporarily while repair work is proceeding. Shoring must be designed, documented, and stamped by a Licensed Design Professional. Shoring designs must be submitted to and approved by the Contracting Officer prior to work commencing.

b. Leave formwork and shoring in place to support existing loads, construction loads and weight of repair material in beams, slabs, and other structural members until in-place strength of repair material determined in accordance with the Contract Documents. For post-tensioned construction, leave formwork and shoring in place until stressing is complete. When shores and other supports are arranged to allow removal of form-facing material without allowing structural slab or member to deflect, form-facing material and its horizontal supporting members may be removed at an earlier age.

3.1.4 Concrete preparation

a. Remove concrete as needed per the removal requirements of this section. Limits on removal equipment are specified in the paragraph titled EQUIPMENT FOR CONCRETE PREPARATION.

b. Remove foreign material, such as dirt, oil, grease, or other chemicals, from the cracks before injection using compressed air, low-pressure water, or vacuuming. Allow wet surfaces to dry at least 24 hours.

c. Immediately before placing the repair material or installing formwork, make the repair area available for inspection by the Contracting Officer. Obtain acceptance by the Contracting Officer of surface preparation before proceeding with Work. If the Work is rejected, perform additional operations to the satisfaction of Contracting Officer.

d. Perform tensile pull-off tests in accordance with ASTM C1583/C1583M and guidance at location. Pull-off strength must meet or exceed 1.7 MPa.

Test a minimum of 3 specimens at locations no greater than 420 square meters of prepared surface.

3.1.5 Quality Control

3.1.5.1 Quality control of surface preparation

Evaluation of prepared substrate must be continuously monitored to assure that the prepared substrate surface meets project requirements.

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3.1.5.2 Quality control of repair overlays

All components of overlay PPCC materials must be certified by the material manufacturer or aggregate supplier to meet all project testing requirements. During the PPCC overlay, take mixed samples and check that the materials are mixed properly. Confirm that the right PC overlay thickness was applied by recording the volume of PC overlay materials and the substrate surface area covered by the overlay.

3.1.6 Curing

a. For portland cement concrete Work, follow the requirements indicated in 03 30 53 MISCELLANEOUS CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE.

b. For polymer concrete/mortar Work, follow manufacturer's requirements for curing

c. For polymer modified portland cement concrete Work follow manufacturer's requirements for curing.

3.1.7 Clean up

a. Clean and remove all spills and leaks of injection adhesive and stains caused by the injection adhesives.

b. Dispose wastewater used for cutting and cleaning without staining or damaging the existing surfaces of the structure or the environment of the project area.

3.1.8 Safety

a. Provide Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for products on site reviewing them before work begins.

b. Provide safety guards, maintenance, and warnings for all machinery and equipment.

c. Have personal protection equipment practice in place - eye protection and face guards.

d. Have all workers in contact with wet cementitious material wear protective gloves and clothing.

e. Provide eyewash facilities on-site with location signage.

f. Provide dust masks for workers operating mixers.

g. Have confined space procedures in place including adequate ventilation in closed spaces before operating equipment or using products that emit potentially dangerous or toxic exhaust, fumes, or dust.

h. Provide secured storage available for all hazardous or flammable materials.

i. Conduct safety meetings prior to beginning repair operations.

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3.2 CRACK REPAIR

3.2.1 Preparation

3.2.1.1 General Requirements

a. Clean all cracks in accordance with the paragraph titled Concrete Preparation.

b. Do not repair cracks when the temperature of the concrete is below freezing and moisture conditions indicate the possibility of ice on the internal surfaces of the crack.

c. Do not apply adhesive if the temperature of the concrete is not within the range of application temperatures recommended by the manufacturer of the adhesive.

3.2.1.2 Crack routing

Inspect surfaces adjacent to crack to receive repair material. If deteriorated, route a V-groove section at the crack face until sound concrete is reached.

3.2.1.3 Sealing

a. For epoxy injection, apply a surface seal over all exterior faces of the crack that can be reached to contain the injection adhesive in the crack.

b. For gravity fill repairs, apply a surface seal along the bottom surface of the element that can be reached to contain the repair material in the crack.

3.2.2 Application

3.2.2.1 Epoxy injection

a. Install the injection entry and venting ports using flush mounted or drilled fittings per proprietary manufacturer's instructions.

b. Space the ports at a distance equal to the thickness of the member .

c. Inject the epoxy using material manufacturer's recommended equipment.

d. Apply recommended manufacturer's injection pressure.

e. For vertical or inclined cracks, apply injection by pumping epoxy into entry ports at the lowest elevation, cap, and move upward.

f. For horizontal cracks, apply injection by proceeding from one end of the crack to the other until the crack is fully sealed.

g. After 10 min., repeat injection procedure until all ports refuse injection.

h. Remove ports and remove the surface seal by heat, chipping, or grinding or other acceptable means after the injected epoxy has cured.

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3.2.2.2 Gravity fill

a. Mix resin or monomer per material manufacturer's instructions.

b. Pre-fill cracks at least 3 mm wide with aggregate.

c. Pour resin or monomer onto the surface, over the cracks and spread with brooms, rollers, or squeegees.

d. Work material back and forth over the cracks to maximize fill in crack.

e. Allow at least 20 minutes for material to penetrate cracks.

f. Remove excess material once cracks have been filled to refusal.

g. Allow material to cure per material manufacturer's recommendations.

h. Remove sealant and grind smooth.

3.2.3 Quality Control

a. Conduct quality and control tests for metering accuracy and mixing effectiveness of the continuous mixing pump in accordance with

ACI 503.7 .

b. Qualify the test injection procedures in accordance with ACI 503.7 .

3.2.4 Acceptance Criteria

3.2.4.1 Core Sampling

a. Obtain core samples in accordance with ASTM C42/C42M.

b. Allow 24 hours after injection before coring.

c. Obtain cores in a manner that includes as much of the bond line of the repaired concrete as possible. Replace cores that do not intersect the crack for at least 75 percent of the length of the core.

d. Obtain three diameter core from first 30 m and one core for each 30 m thereafter.

e. If cores would sever reinforcing steel or other embedded items, do not core, and notify the Contracting Officer so that an alternative location can be chosen.

f. Obtain cores at least 50 mm in diameter for visual inspections and at least 100 mm in diameter for the splitting tensile test. Perform a splitting tensile test on one core from the first 30 m and one core for each 75 m thereafter.

g. Fill core holes with non-shrink grout.

3.2.4.2 Core Testing

a. Test a portion of the core samples for the splitting tensile strength in accordance with ASTM C496/C496M.

b. Allow 72 hours after injection before beginning splitting tensile tests

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c. Prepare core sample per ASTM C42/C42M.

d. Align the core so that the crack is in a plane as close to vertical as possible.

3.2.4.3 Acceptance

Work is acceptable if at least 90 percent of the depth of the crack in each core is filled with adhesive and a or b is met.

a. The splitting tensile strength of the core is at least 90 percent of the splitting tensile strength of a core taken from an uncracked area within 300 mm of the repaired crack.

b. A splitting tensile test of the core indicates that no more than 10 percent of the bonded area of the crack in each core exhibits combined areas of separation of the adhesive from the concrete or cohesive failure within the adhesive.

3.3 CORROSION AND SURFACE REPAIR

3.3.1 Preparation

3.3.1.1 Identification of Extent of Concrete Removal

a. Configure geometry of removal area to maximize the use of right-angle geometry, avoiding reentrant corners, and to obtain uniformity of depth. Determine the depth, location, and size of reinforcing bars prior to removal of concrete.

b. Perform visual inspection and hammer tapping, chain drag sounding, or other methods acceptable by the Contracting Officer to identify cracked, delaminated, spalled, disintegrated, and otherwise unsound concrete for removal. Mark boundaries of repair area before concrete removal.

c. Inspect the marked boundaries with the Contracting Officer prior to commencing with the concrete removal. Revise the repair area boundaries as instructed by the Contracting Officer.

3.3.1.2 Shoring and Formwork

a. Provide shoring and formwork per the paragraph titled Formwork and Shoring.

b. For post-tensioned concrete, detension strands and wires as required by Contract Documents prior to repair.

3.3.1.3 Concrete Removal

a. Remove concrete from repair areas to indicated depth and profile.

Notify Contracting Officer if additional delaminated, fractured, or unsound concrete is present.

b. Do not damage embedded reinforcing and adjacent concrete. The removal methods must produce minimal microcracking (bruising) of the prepared substrate surfaces. Avoid directly striking reinforcing steel with impact tools used for concrete removal.

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c. Provide perpendicular edges at perimeter of repair area. The perimeter of the repair areas must be saw cut to a depth of 15 to 20 mm. For vertical or overhead surfaces, provide 45-degree slope at repair boundaries to facilitate air and rebound escape. Do not cut or damage embedded reinforcement or other embedded items. If embedded reinforcing steel or other embedded items are too close to the surface to provide the perpendicular edge cut, notify the Contracting Officer for direction before proceeding.

d. Extend concrete removal along the corroded reinforcing steel to a point where there is no further delamination, concrete cracking, or reinforcing steel corrosion, and where the reinforcement is bonded to the surrounding concrete.

e. Remove concrete around the exposed layer of reinforcement to a uniform depth beyond within the repair areas to provide a minimum clearance between exposed reinforcing steel and surrounding concrete of 20 mm, or at least 5 mm larger than the maximum nominal size of the coarse aggregate in the repair material.

f. Do not remove concrete behind vertical reinforcing bars in columns.

3.3.1.4 Preparation of Concrete Substrate Surface

a. Confirm perpendicular edges at repair area perimeter, and reinstate if damaged by concrete removal process. Remove loosely bonded concrete, bruised or fractured concrete, and bond-inhibiting materials such as dirt, concrete slurry, or any other detrimental materials from the concrete substrate using approved methods. Where concrete has been removed by impact methods, abrasive blasting must be used to prepare the surface and remove bruised concrete.

b. Provide substrate surface profiles as specified in the Contract Documents.

c. Visually inspect and sound substrate surface to confirm that no further delaminations or otherwise unsound concrete remains. If encountered, notify the Contracting Officer.

d. Clean the substrate per the paragraph titled Concrete preparation.

3.3.2 Application

3.3.2.1 Existing Reinforcement Preparation

a. Clean existing reinforcement that will remain. Remove corrosion and/or other laitance and notify the Contracting Officer if section loss is greater than 20%.

b. Replace coating on reinforcement per ASTM A780/A780M . Exposed areas must not exceed 2 percent of surface area in each linear foot of each bar.

c. Permit evaluation of existing reinforcement and placement of new reinforcement by the Contracting Officer.

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3.3.2.2 Placement of New Reinforcement

Placement of new reinforcement

a. Placement of new reinforcement to replace or strengthen existing reinforcement is like new construction. Placement, splicing, and handling of new reinforcement must meet the requirements specified in Section 03 30 53 MISCELLANEOUS CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE.

b. Reinforcement must be free of materials deleterious to bond. New reinforcement with rust, mill scale, or a combination of both will be considered satisfactory, provided minimum nominal dimensions, nominal weight, and minimum average height of deformations of a hand-wire-brushed test specimen are not less than applicable ASTM specification requirements.

3.3.2.3 Placement of Concrete

a. If portland cement concrete is used as the repair material, follow the requirements indicated in as well the Contract Document for proportioning, mixing, and placing concrete. For all other materials, follow material manufacturer's recommendations.

b. A bonding agent must be used.

c. Bristle broom a thin coat of the repair material into the saturated surface dry substrate filling roughened surface pores before placing the repair material in the repair area. Do not allow thin coat to dry before placing repair material.

d. Consolidate the repair material after placement with a vibrating screed or internal vibrator.

e. Finish the surface to match surface finish and texture requirements indicated in the Contract Document. Screed, float and trowel the repair material or broom the surface for non-slip texture. Follow the requirements of 03 30 53 MISCELLANEOUS CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE.

3.3.2.4 Placement of Other Repair Materials

a. Equilibrate repair material(s) and substrate to the temperature, cleanliness of substrate and reinforcement, and moisture requirements of the repair material manufacturer's requirements.

b. Comply with the repair material manufacturer's requirements for batching, mixing, placing and curing repair materials.

c. Review consistency of the mixed repair material(s) relative to the parameters documented in the repair material manufacturer product data sheet. If non-conforming, adjust consistency in compliance with the repair material manufacturer's requirements.

d. Apply or install repair material(s) within the application time frame (pot life) requirements of the repair material manufacturer's requirements, and place and consolidate to provide well-compacted repair.

e. Finish and tool repair materials, finished in accordance with the repair material manufacturer's written instructions and as indicated

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in Contract Documents.

f. Protect installed repair material(s) from damage, exposure to environmental conditions that are detrimental to the uncured or cured properties of the material. Cure in accordance with the requirements of the repair material manufacturer's requirements.

3.3.3 Quality Control

a. Protect concrete surfaces, beyond limits of surfaces receiving bonding agent adhesive, against spillage. Immediately remove any bonding agent adhesive that has spilled beyond desired area. Perform cleanup with material designated by bonding agent adhesive manufacturer. Avoid contamination of work area.

b. The bond strength between the existing concrete and the repair material must be a minimum of 1.7 MPa per ASTM C1583/C1583M . Test a minimum of 3 specimens at locations no greater than 420 square meters of prepared surface.

3.4 OVERLAYS

3.4.1 Preparation

3.4.1.1 Bonded Overlays

a. Provide surface preparation as required in this Section.

b. Repair cracks and patch deteriorated concrete prior to final surface preparation.

c. Apply additional preparation requirements specified by the overlay material manufacturer

3.4.1.2 Unbonded Overlays

a. Repair distresses that cause a major loss of structural integrity when present.

b. Clean the existing slab and remove any loose materials.

c. Install the separator layer as required by the Contract Documents and recommended by the material manufacturer.

3.4.2 Application

3.4.2.1 Portland Cement Concrete

a. Apply the specified bonding agent. Follow the requirements of 3.4.2.4.

b. Follow the requirements of Section 03 30 53 MISCELLANEOUS CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE and the Contract Documents for installing forms, placing reinforcement, placing and consolidating concrete, and finishing concrete.

3.4.2.2 Polymer-modified Portland Cement Concrete

For polymer modified portland cement concrete overlays follow ACI 548.4 requirementsmanufacturer's requirements for placing and finishing the overlay.

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3.4.2.3 Polymer Concrete/Mortar

For polymer concrete overlays, follow manufacturer's requirements ACI 548.8 requirements for placing and finishing the overlay.

3.4.2.4 Bonding Agents

a. Use a cement slurryepoxy bonding agentlatex bonding agent to improve the bonding between the overlay and the existing concrete.

b. Follow material manufacturer's instructions for mixing, preparing, and applying bonding agent. Do not exceed the manufacturer’s thickness recommendations.

c. Condition materials and the existing concrete surface to a temperature consistent with manufacturer’s recommendations at the time of installation.

d. Do not allow bond agents to dry before placement of repair material.

3.4.3 Quality Control

a. The bond strength between the existing concrete and the overlay must be a minimum of 1.8 MPa per ASTM C1583/C1583M . Test a minimum of 3 specimens at locations no greater than 420 square meters of prepared surface.

3.4.4 Joints

a. Place joints as indicated on the drawings.

b. Construct expansion and contraction joints in concrete overlay at the locations shown. Maintain alignment of control joints within 6 mm, to either side, of the required joint alignment.

c. Construct expansion and contraction joints at the locations shown.

d. Construct expansion joints in the overlay at existing joint locations in the base slab while maintaining joint width and type and extending the full depth of the overlay.

e. Construct control joints by tooling the plastic concrete, then sawcutting at the appropriate time. Saw control joints to a minimum of 25 percent of the thickness of the slab. Maintain an ample supply of saw blades on the job before concrete placement is started, and have at least one standby sawing unit in good working order available at the jobsite at all times during the sawing operations. Begin sawcutting as soon as it is possible to saw the concrete without damaging adjacent concrete.

f. Inspect the faces of joints during sawcutting for undercutting or washing of the concrete due to early sawing. Complete sawcutting within 16 hours of concrete placement. Continue sawcutting regardless of weather conditions. Delay sawing if undercutting is sufficiently deep to cause structural weakness or excessive roughness in the joint or chipping, tearing, or spalling of the concrete occurs at the surface. Discontinue sawing when a crack develops ahead of the saw cut.

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g. Immediately after the joint is sawed, flush the saw cut and adjacent concrete surface thoroughly with water until all residue from sawing is removed from the joint. Control and dispose of waste water from sawcutting and cleanup.

3.5 CONCRETE STRENGTHENING

a. For enlargement of slabs using overlays see the paragraph titled

OVERLAYS.

b. For all other types of strengthening follow the requirements contained in this paragraph.

3.5.1 Preparation

a. Use equipment and methods specified in the paragraph titled EQUIPMENT FOR CONCRETE PREPARATION and the Contract Documents to produce a sound, rough, open-pore surface at locations where bonding between existing and new concrete is required.

b. Round members of existing concrete with corners to minimum 13 mm radius. Roughened corners must be smoothed with putty

c. Clean all surfaces from contaminant and remove unsound concrete using the prescribed cleaning equipment and methods in the paragraphs titled PRODUCTS. All laitance, dust, dirt, oil, curing compound, existing coatings, and any other matter that could interfere with bonding concrete to the repair material must be removed.

d. Follow the procedures of the paragraphs titled CRACK REPAIR and CORROSION AND SURFACE REPAIR. The concrete surface must be in good condition and all cracking, surface repair, and corrosion related problems must be adequately addressed prior to proceeding with concrete strengthening procedures.

e. Insure that materials used for repairs are compatible with materials used for strengthening. Consult with the repair material manufacturers for information concerning material compatibility.

f. Surfaces not intended to be strengthened must be covered as needed…