Civil_Works_Comprehensive_History_PWS_07_18_2019.doc

PERFORMANCE WORK STATEMENT

A HISTORY OF USACE CIVIL WORKS, 1970-2020

OFFICE OF HISTORY

U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS

1.0 General Description

The Office of History, HQ, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) is preparing a series of relatively short survey histories on selected topics on the history of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers from the American Revolution to the present. For this project, the contractor will research and write a 40,000 word history in that series focusing on the 50-year history of USACE Civil Works from 1970 to the present. The text will be accompanied by informative and visually appealing images of the civil works mission over that period.

2.0 Statement of Work

This volume will trace the 50-year history of USACE Civil Works for the period 1970-2020, one of tremendous change for the US Army Corps of Engineers and the nation’s civil works. After decades of expanding civil works infrastructure, the late 1960s saw widespread resistance to large-scale projects of all sorts. A powerful environmental movement produced sweeping new federal laws, such as NEPA (1969) and the Clean Water Act Amendments (1972) that would fundamentally transform the practice of civil engineering across the country. A new generation sought to protect environmental quality and focused attention on the potential harm to natural systems by new infrastructure construction. It took the Corps more than a decade to fully respond to these demands and to weather a period of tight budgets that completely stalled many civil works programs.

The Water Resources Development Act of 1986 (WRDA-86) brought renewed funding to civil works that properly incorporated environmental safeguards, but it also drastically changed how these projects were planned and financed. WRDA-86 was the start of organizational transformations in how the Corps managed projects, and some long-standing hierarchies were dismantled. Local interests had to take on significant commitments to funding every part of a project – from the first studies to ongoing operation. Organizationally, the Corps sought to integrate what had been separated functions of project development and execution under project managers who could oversee the process from start to finish – the concept of one-door-to-the-Corps.

Beginning in the 1990s, the Corps embraced regionalization – the reorientation of its projects and services from a district to division level. Even with a new series of Water Resources Development Acts, the amount of civil works construction would never come close to that of the “big dam era.” The Corps thus shifted its focus to appropriate environmental regulation of waterways, a permitting power that had been given to the Corps by the Clean Water Act amendments. All these organizational changes were manifested in a new generation of civil works projects including Seven Oaks Dam in Southern California and Everglades Restoration in South Florida.

More recently, the period after 2001 was one where Corps priorities continued to shift away from civil works construction and towards areas of increasing national importance. At the start of the 21st century, the Corps of Engineers had transformed into one of the nation’s greatest sources of environmental engineering expertise. After the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, and the Global War on Terror that followed, emergency response and military construction became a much larger element of the Corps’ overall workload. But a new kind of environmental challenge now emerged: helping coastal regions recover from disastrous storms and become more resilient to future hazards. After Hurricane Katrina in 2005, the Corps had to redesign the system that protected New Orleans and prepare it for a future that would likely include more powerful storms. This same process took a different form in reducing risks and improving resiliency in New York and New Jersey after Hurricane Sandy in 2012. These major storms, coupled with floods along the nation’s rivers, also prompted the Corps of Engineers to new embrace Risk Management strategies for the construction and maintenance of the nation’s Civil Works infrastructure. The Corps’ dam and levee safety programs are notable examples. The increasing use of non-structural solutions to flood damage reduction also needs to be explored.

During the preparation of the manuscript, the contractor will work closely with the editors of the comprehensive history and the contracting officer’s representative (COR) for the contract. The contractor will also read related portions of the comprehensive history in order to insure continuity and coherence among the various volumes and coverage of all important topics. The history to be researched and written under this task order is to be an analytical and comprehensive synthesis relying largely on printed primary and secondary sources. Archival research, in addition to that required to obtain photographs and other images, will also be necessary; and the contractor should anticipate conducting, in coordination with the editors and COR, ten days of primary source research at the National Archives (NARA) and/or other appropriate Records Centers, private collections, etc. Up to an additional twenty days of additional archival research may be authorized under Options One and Two.

3.0 Content

The Contractor shall address all significant issues relating to this topic, including at a minimum, those listed below. A final list of topics to be covered will be reviewed and approved by the Contracting Officer Representative (COR).

1. Environmental Regulation and Reassessment (1965-1984)

a. The End of the Big Dam Era

b. The Environmental Movement

c. NEPA

d. Permitting and Pollution Control

e. Examples of Civil Works projects impacted by the environmental movement and reduced funding in the 1970s.

2. Organizational transformations and a new generation of Civil Works (1984-2003)

a. WRDA 86

b. Cost Sharing

c. CAP (Continuing Authorities Program)

d. Project Management

3. Reorganization and Regionalization

a. PMBP

b. BRAC

c. USACE 2012 and Regional Business Centers

4. New Generation of Civil Works

a. Charles River Natural Valley Storage Area

b. 1993 Flood

c. Seven Oaks Dam

d. Everglades Restoration

5. Reducing the risk of future disasters (2003-2015)

a. Hurricane Katrina (2005)

b. ARRA (2009)

c. Mississippi River flooding (2011)

d. Hurricane Sandy (2012)

e. Hurricane Harvey (2017)

6. Detailed Conclusion

a. 50 years that transformed the Corps and the Nation’s civil works programs

4.0 Research

The research is to be largely conducted largely in published primary and secondary sources. Published primary sources may include congressional reports, hearings, and records; Corps reports; newspapers; and published reports of other agencies. At a minimum, material may be gathered from, but not limited to, publications, records and other documents in the CEHO research collection; the various available district and division histories dating from the 1980s; oral histories; and secondary sources including Situation Desperate (2011) by Leland Johnson and subsequent disaster response volumes by Damon Manders; Two Centuries of Experience in Water Resources Management: A Dutch-US Retrospective (2014), ed. John Lonnquest; and others.

· Biographies and memoirs

· General histories of the Corps of Engineers

· Articles in scholarly journals

· Materials in the research collections of the Office of History, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

· Secondary sources including:

· USACE District and Division Histories available online.

· Coast Defense Study Group History

· National Archives (NARA) – Record Group 77 (RG77)

The Contractor shall also conduct 6-8 roughly two hour interviews with prominent Civil Works figures and with selected retired and active civilian personnel. The interviews will be recorded using high quality digital recording equipment and transcribed at the Contractor’s expense using a format provided by the government. The interviews will be conducted in Washington, DC. area of operations, defined as within a two-hour drive of the USACE HQ headquarters, and the names of interviewees shall be provided to the Contractor by the PM. Interviews performed outside the headquarters’ area or operations may be conducted by telephone, or if necessary, by the Contractor traveling to the desired location at government expense. All reimbursable travel expenses will be authorized separately.

The Contractor will be responsible for gathering the visual elements that will illustrate the history. While the focus of the book will be narrative history, the manuscript will also be heavily illustrated. The Contractor will be responsible for collecting and digitizing sufficient photographs and maps to illustrate the history. This will include collecting, scanning and cataloguing 60 photographs to be provided to the government. Images will be scanned as 600 dpi TIFF files and provided to the government electronically. The contractor will provide digital images at a minimum resolution of 300 pixels per inch (ppi) at 5x7 inches, resulting in a minimum file size of approximately 1.6 megabytes. The contractor will also write the appropriate captions and credits for all of the images provided. The Contractor will also secure releases, where necessary, for all of the images. The Contractor is also responsible for obtaining the necessary information for the production of four (4) to six (6) maps, charts and/or tables including but not limited to major shifts in Civil Works funding; in workload priorities from Construction to Regulatory, Disaster Response, and Operations & Maintenance; in projects and project sites; and in the evolution of USACE personnel related to staffing levels (total numbers of employees) and increased professional diversity (Engineers, Biologists, Economists, etc.). The production of the maps and charts will be handled by the layout contractor.

Costs for contractor travel will be authorized in advance and reimbursed in accordance with the Joint Travel Regulation and paid for by the government.

5.0 Major Work Tasks

Base Contract

a. Prepare outline and research proposal

b. Prepare detailed outline

c. Conduct 6-8 oral history interviews

d. Collect photographs and prepare captions and credits

e. Prepare supporting information for charts, graphs, and maps

f. Prepare draft manuscript

g. Prepare final manuscript

h. Prepare bibliography and bibliographical essay

i. Prepare list of key index terms

Option One

a. Based on satisfactory performance and at the discretion of the government, conduct ten additional days of archival research.

Option Two

b. Based on satisfactory performance and at the discretion of the government, conduct ten additional days of archival research

The contactor will include separate pricing for each Option. The offeror’s cost proposals must be submitted in accordance with the format provided in Table 1 which is displayed below for convenience.

Base Task

Option One

Option Two

6.0 Periods of Performance

a. Within five days of award, the contractor will meet with contracting officer’s representative (COR), Dr. Matthew Pearcy, at the Office of History, HQ, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, in Alexandria, Virginia, to receive additional guidance. Additional telephone calls and meetings with the COR and with the editors of the history will be held at the request of any of the parties involved. All telephone calls and meetings are considered part of the task order, and no additional payment will be provided for participating in them.

b. Within 60 days of award, contractor will prepare and submit to the Office of History a preliminary outline and research proposal as well as a schedule for completion of the history. The outline will include a subject breakdown and indicate major themes. The research proposal will contain the contractor's research plans and a preliminary bibliography of works to be consulted. The Office of History's comments on the outline and bibliography will be returned to the contractor within 15 days of receipt.

c. Within 180 days of award the contractor will submit a detailed outline that establishes, in considerable detail, outlines the entire history, provides significant amount of information on each topic to be addressed, and includes a preliminary bibliography. The outline is a key step between research and writing, for it allows the contractor to compile and arrange their research, thereby demonstrating the contractor’s understanding of the material and allowing the COR the opportunity to alter the contractor’s research methodology or historical focus before writing begins.

d. Prepare Draft Manuscript: a draft copy including the manuscript, illustrations, and footnotes, shall be prepared and submitted to CEHO for review and comment as soon as each section is completed. The narrative shall be descriptive and analytical in style and shall conform to format, style, and grammar as specified in A Manual of Style, (16th edition, revised), published by the University of Chicago Press, supplemented by the Headquarters, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers’ (HQUSACE) “Style and Publications Guide,” 2006, and HQUSACE Graphic Standard manual, EP 310-1-6, June 1, 2006. A draft of the first section shall be submitted no later than 8 months after contract award. The last section of the draft shall be submitted to the COR no later than 20 months after contract award. CEHO shall review and return each draft product to the Contractor within 30 days. The Contractor shall resubmit the entire draft, with corrections, to the PM and COR no later than 22 months after contract award.

e. The entire revised manuscript will be resubmitted to the Office of History within 30 days of receipt of the Office of History's comments. The Office of History will complete its review of the revised draft within 30 days of receipt and will send comments to the contractor. If further revisions or corrections are required, the contractor will have 30 days after receipt of the Office of History's comments to complete and return them.

7.0 Format and Organization of Manuscript

The draft and final manuscript will contain at a minimum the following elements:

a. Title page;

b. Acknowledgements;

c. Author’s preface, including a short, separate paragraph containing biographical information about the author;

d. Table of contents with section titles;

e. A minimum of 60 images to illustrate the text. The images will be provided in separate digital files complete with a table listing the appropriate captions and credits. Hard copy images will be scanned as 600 dpi TIFF files and provided to the government electronically. The contractor will provide digital images at a minimum resolution of 300 pixels per inch (ppi) at 5x7 inches, resulting in a minimum file size of approximately 1.6 megabytes. The contractor will also write the appropriate captions and credits for all of the images provided. The Contractor will also secure releases, where necessary, for all of the images.

f. A minimum of 3 draft map proposals.

g. The information necessary to produce the charts, graphs, and maps to accompany the manuscript. The cost of preparing the charts, graphs, and maps will be the responsibility of the government.

h. Text with endnotes (endnotes should be put at end manuscript, double‑spaced);

i. Glossary, if necessary;

j. Bibliography and Bibliographic Essay.

8.0 Final Product

a. The final manuscript will be submitted on 8.5 by 11‑inch white bond paper using 12-point type and 1 inch margins. The manuscript will be double‑spaced using Microsoft Word software. The text should be clean and clear. The entire narrative will be approximately 40,000 words, not counting photographs, charts, graphs, maps, endnotes and bibliography. All photographs, illustrations, and graphics shall be captioned, properly credited, and keyed to the appropriate text. The narrative shall be descriptive and analytical and will conform in matters of format, style, and grammar to the latest edition of A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations (University of Chicago Press) as modified by the Office of History “Style Sheet” prepared for the comprehensive history. Additional guidance will be available from Mr. Douglas Wilson, editor, Office of History, at (703) 428-6566.

b. The final manuscript will also be delivered in digital form in Microsoft Word format.

c. All copies of documents, including illustrations, collected during the research are the property of the Government and will be turned over to the Office of History upon completion of the history.

9.0 Government Furnished Equipment, Software, and Supplies

All equipment and materials will be provided by the contractor. The Corps will provide access to official files and documents in its possession. The Office of History will also provide the contractor with access to its copying and scanning equipment.

10.0 Publication Data

All publications and other data furnished by the Government in support of this task order shall remain the property of the Government and shall be returned to the COR upon completion of the task order. All information and data generated in the course of accomplishing this task order shall become the property of the U.S. Government.

11.0 Use of Information Collected

The contractor will not use the information collected during this task order for any purpose prior to the public release of the printed material without the prior written consent of the CO or COR.

12.0 Payments

10% of the award price will be paid to the contractor after submission of a preliminary satisfactory outline and research proposal; 25% percent of the award price will be paid to the contractor after submission of a satisfactory detailed outline; and 40% of the award price will be paid to the contractor after acceptance of a satisfactory draft manuscript complete with images and the descriptive information necessary to produce the required charts, tables, and maps. The remainder of the award price will be paid after the contractor submits a satisfactory final manuscript and turns over to the Office of History all Government property as described above.

13.0 Security Requirements

13.1 Access and General Protection/Security Policy and Procedures

All contractor and all associated sub-contractors employees shall comply with applicable installation, facility and area commander installation/facility access and local security policies and procedures (provided by government representative). The contractor shall also provide all information required for background checks to meet installation and facility access requirements to be accomplished by installation Provost Marshal Office, Director of Emergency Services or Security Office. Contractor workforce must comply with all personal identity verification requirements (FAR clause 52.204-9, Personal Identity Verification of Contractor Personnel) as directed by DOD, HQDA and/or local policy. In addition to the changes otherwise authorized by the changes clause of this contract, should the Force Protection Condition (FPCON) at any installation or facility change, the Government may require changes in contractor security matters or processes

13.2 Anti-Terrorism (AT) Level I Training

All contractor employees, to include subcontractor employees, requiring access to Army installations, facilities, controlled access areas, or require network access, shall complete AT Level I awareness training within 30 calendar days after contract start date or effective date of incorporation of this requirement into the contract, whichever is applicable. Upon request, the contractor shall submit certificates of completion for each affected contractor employee and subcontractor employee, to the COR or to the contracting officer (if a COR is not assigned), within 5 calendar days after completion of training by all employees and subcontractor personnel. AT Level I awareness training is available at the following website: http://jko.jten.mil/courses/atl1/launch.html; or it can be provided by the RA ATO in presentation form which will be documented via memorandum.

13.3 Contractors Requiring Common Access Card (CAC)

The contractor and all sub-contractors employees will be issued a CAC only if duties involve one of the following: (1) Both physical access to a DoD facility and access, via logon, to DoD networks on-site or remotely; (2) Remote access, via logon, to a DoD network using DoD-approved remote access procedures; or (3) Physical access to multiple DoD facilities or multiple non-DoD federally controlled facilities on behalf of the DoD on a recurring basis for a period of 6 months or more. At the discretion of the sponsoring activity, an interim CAC may be issued based on a favorable review of the FBI fingerprint check and a successfully scheduled NACI at the Office of Personnel Management.

13.4 Contractor Employees Who Require Access to Government Information Systems

All contractor employees with access to a government info system must be registered in the Army Training Certification Tracking System (ATCTS) at commencement of services, and must successfully complete the DOD Information Assurance Awareness prior to access to the information systems and then annually thereafter in accordance with personnel security standards listed in AR 25-2 (Information Assurance), an appropriate background investigation will be conducted prior to accessing the government information systems.

13.5 Non-CAC Access

For Contractors Who Do Not Require CAC, but Require Access to a DoD Facility or Installation, the Contractor and all associated sub-contractors employees shall comply with adjudication standards and procedures using the National Crime Information Center Interstate Identification Index (NCIC-III) and Terrorist Screening Database (TSDB) (Army Directive 2014-05 / AR 190-13), applicable installation, facility and area commander installation/facility access and local security policies and procedures (provided by government representative, as NCIC and TSDB are available), or, at OCONUS locations, in accordance with status of forces agreements and other theater regulations.

13.6 Suspicious Activity Reporting Training

The contractor and all associated sub-contractors shall receive a brief/training (provided by the RA) on the local suspicious activity reporting program. This locally developed training will be used to inform employees of the types of behavior to watch for and instruct employees to report suspicious activity to the project manager, security representative or law enforcement entity. This training shall be completed within 30 calendar days of contract award and within 30 calendar days of new employees commencing performance with the results reported to the COR NLT 5 calendar days after the completion of the training.

14.0 Operational Security (OPSEC)

14.1 OPSEC Standard Operating Procedure/Plan

The Contractor shall develop an OPSEC SOP/Plan within 30 days of contract award. The OPSEC SOP/Plan must be reviewed and approved by the RA OPSEC Officer. The SOP/Plan will include the government's critical information, why it needs to be protected, where it is located, who is responsible for it and how to protect it. In addition, the contractor shall identify an individual who will be an OPSEC Coordinator."

14.2 Requirement for OPSEC Training.

All new contractor employees will complete Level I OPSEC Training within 30 calendar days of their reporting for duty. Additionally, all contractor employees must complete annual OPSEC awareness training. The Contractor shall submit certificates of completion for each affected contractor and subcontractor employee to the COR or to the contracting officer (if a COR is not assigned), within 5 calendar days after completion of training. OPSEC awareness training is available at the following websites: <https://www.iad.gov/ioss/> or <http://www.cdse.edu/ catalog/operations-security.html>; or it can be provided by the RA OPSEC Officer in presentation form which will be documented via memorandum.

14.3 Information Assurance (IA)/Information Technology (IT) Training.

14.3.1 All contractor employees and associated sub-contractor employees must complete the DoD IA awareness training before issuance of network access and annually thereafter. All contractor employees working IA/IT functions must comply with DoD and Army training requirements in DoD 8570.01, DoD 8570.01-M and AR 25-2 within six months of employment.

14.3.2 Contractor Will be Escorted in Areas Where They May be Exposed to Classified and/or Sensitive Materials and/or Sensitive or Restricted areas.

14.3.3 All contract employees, including subcontractor employees who are not in possession of the appropriate security clearance or access privileges, will be escorted in areas where they may be exposed to classified and/or sensitive materials and/or sensitive or restricted areas.

14.4 E-Verify Program

The Contractor must pre-screen its employment candidates using the E-verify Program website <http://www.uscis.gov/e-verify> to meet the established employment eligibility requirements. The Contractor must ensure that the candidate has two valid forms of government-issued identification prior to enrollment to ensure the correct information is entered into the E-verify system. An initial list of verified/eligible candidates must be provided to the COR no later than 3 business days after the initial contract award. When contracts are with individuals, the individuals will be required to complete a Form I-9, Employment Eligibility Verification, with the designated government representative. This form will be provided to the Contracting Officer and shall become part of the official contract file.

15.0 Invoicing/Payments

Contractors shall submit invoices as outlined in Section G, or the Additional Instructions section of the Task Order award form. Invoices may be submitted monthly in arrears for service rendered and will be verified in the Monthly Status Reports submitted to the COR.

16.0 Contractor Manpower Reporting

The Contractor shall report all Contractor and Subcontractor labor hours required for performance of services under this contract via a secured data collection site. The Contractor is required to completely fill in all required data fields using the following web address: http://www.ecmra.mil/ Reporting inputs will be for the labor executed during the period of performance during each Government fiscal year (FY), which runs October 1 through September 30. While inputs may be reported at any time during the FY, all data shall be reported no later than October 30 of each calendar year. Contractors may direct questions to the help desk at http://www.ecmra.mil/.

GOVERNMENT SUPPLIED INFORMATION:

1. MACOM UIC: DA

2. Requiring Activity UIC: W0JVAA

3. Federal Service Code: B521

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