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ARCHITECTURE

PLANNING &

INFORMATION

TECHNOLOGY

102 EAST MORENO

AVENUE

COLORADO SPRINGS

COLORADO

80903-3918

719.473.7063 www.hbaa.com

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10TH CIVIL ENGINEER SQUADRON

U.S. AIR FORCE ACADEMY, COLORADO

UNITED STATES

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Architectural Code Analysis Building Location:

USAF Academy Jurisdiction:

United States Government

DESIGN CRITERIA

NFPA 101 Life Safety Code IBC 2015

UFC 1-200-01

UFC 3-420-01

UFC 3-600-01

UFC 4-010-01

USAF Academy Overarching Environmental Specifications USAF Academy Architect – Engineer Standards Architectural Barriers Act ADA Accessibility Guidelines for Buildings and Facilities (ADAAG) Latest Edition ICC/ANSI A117.1 – Accessible and Usable Buildings and Facilities USAF Academy Roofing Design Standards

STRUCTURAL DESIGN CODES

International Building Code, 2015 ASCE/SEI 7-10, Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) Publication Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete (ACI 318-14) American Concrete Institute ASD/LRFD Steel Construction Manual, 14th Edition American Institute of Steel Construction AISI S1100-12 North American Specification of the Design of Cold-formed Steel Structural Members Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC 3-301-01) – Structural Engineering Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) 3-301-01 – Structural Engineering, with Change 3 Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) 3-310-04 – Seismic Design for Buildings, with Change 1 Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) 4-010-01 – DoD Minimum Antiterrorism Standards for Buildings, with Change 1 United Facilities Criteria (UFC) 4-023-03 – Design of Buildings to Resist Progressive Collapse, with Change 3

MECHANICAL DESIGN CODES

International Building Code, 2015 Edition 2015 International Plumbing Code

2015 International Fuel Gas Code 2015 International Fire Code 2015 International Energy Conservation Code Unified Facilities Criteria 3-400-01, Design: Energy Conservation. Unified Facilities Criteria 3-400-2, Engineering Weather Data Unified Facilities Criteria 3-410-01FA, Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning. Unified Facilities Criteria 3-401-01FA, Utility Monitoring and Control System.

Unified Facilities Criteria 3-410-02A, Design: Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning (HVAC Control. Systems.

Unified Facilities Criteria 3-420-01, Design: Plumbing Systems Unified Facilities Criteria 3-430-01FA – Heating and Cooling Distribution Systems.

Unified Facilities Criteria 3-450-01, Noise and Vibration Control Unified Facilities Criteria 3-600-01 – Design: Fire Protection Engineering for Facilities.

ASME B31.1 – Power Piping 2010 ASME B31.9 – Building Services Piping 2010 ASME Section VIII – Pressure Vessels American society of Mechanical Engineers NFPA 13 – Installation of Sprinkler Systems, 2010 Edition NFPA 70 – National Electrical Code, 2011 Edition NFPA 90A – Installation of Air Conditioning and Ventilating Systems, 2012 Edition NFPA 90B – Installation of Warm Air Heating and Air Conditioning Systems, 2012 Edition National Fire Protection Association ASHRAE Handbook – Fundamentals 2009 Edition ASHRAE Handbook – Refrigeration 2010 Edition ASHRAE Handbook – HVAC Applications 2011 Edition ASHRAE Handbook – HVAC Systems and Equipment 2008 Edition ASHRAE Standard 15 – Safety Standard for Refrigeration Systems ASHRAE Standard 34 – Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants ASHRAE Standard 55 – Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy ASHRAE Standard 62.1 – Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality American Society of Heating Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers Plumbing Engineering Design Handbook – Fundamentals of Plumbing Engineering Plumbing Engineering Design Handbook – Plumbing Systems Plumbing Engineering Design Handbook – Special Plumbing Systems Plumbing Engineering Design Handbook –Plumbing Components and Equipment American Society of Plumbing Engineers HVAC Duct Construction Standards – Metal and Flexible, 2nd Edition Rectangular Industrial Duct Construction Standards HVAC Systems – Duct Design HVAC Air Duct Leakage Test Manual Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors National Association, Inc.

National Standards for Total System Balance Test and Balance Procedures The Fundamentals of Testing, Adjusting and Balancing HVAC Systems – 2nd Edition Kahoe Test and Balance Field Manual Associated Air Balance Council

ELECTRICAL DESIGN CODES

NFPA 70 - National Electrical Code NFPA 101 - Life Safety Code IES Handbook ASHRAE 90.1 Lighting Standards NCAA Lighting Standards

NOTE: THE CADET FIELD HOUSE CURRENTLY HAS A FIRE SPRINKLER SYSTEM

INSTALLED WITHIN PORTIONS OF THE BUILDING. EACH PHASE OF THE THREE-

PHASE REMODEL EXTENDS THE FIRE SPRINKLER SYSTEM INTO THE AREA OF

WORK ADDRESSED BY THE RESPECTIVE PHASE. UPON COMPLETION OF PHASE

3 THE CADET FIELD HOUSE WILL BE FULLY PROTECTED BY AN AUTOMATIC FIRE

SPRINKLER THROUGHOUT THE ENTIRE FACILITY. THE FOLLOWING CODE

ANALYSIS ASSUMES THE ENTIRE FACILITY WILL BE FULLY PROTECTED BY AN

AUTOMATIC FIRE SPRINKLER SYSTEM UPON COMPLETION OF PHASE 3. THE

AREAS AND OCCUPANT LOAD CALCULATIONS ARE BASED UPON THE INTENDED

DESIGN CONFIGURATION AT COMPLETION OF PHASE 1, 2, and 3.

Building Description:

3 Story with Mezzanine

Multipurpose Level 90,230 GSF

Participant Level 83,873 GSF

Spectator Level 54,448 GSF

Total Building Area 228,551 GSF

Mezzanines:

New Press Box 3,125 SF

Existing Press Box 719 SF

Total Mezzanines 3,898 SF

Construction Type: IB

Occupancy Classification (2015 used for Occupancy in determining Allowable Area):

A-4 Assembly uses intended for viewing of indoor sporting events and activities with spectator seating.

B Business uses including office, professional or service type transactions, including storage of records and accounts.

S-1 Storage, moderate hazard storage, including clothing

Building Type and Area (From 2015 IBC Chapter 5, TABLE 506.2)

For SM – Buildings two or more stories above the grade plane equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system.

A-4 Allowable Area Factor = UL (Unlimited)

B Allowable Area Factor = UL (Unlimited)

S-1 Per IBC 508.2.3 Accessory Occupancy, the allowable area of the building shall be based on the main occupancy of the building. Aggregate accessory occupancies shall not occupy more than 10 percent of the floor area of the story in which they are located. Per IBC

508.2.4 no separation is required between accessory occupancies and the main occupancy.

S-1 Occupancies occupy the following percentages per story at the Cadet Field House:

Multipurpose:S-1 occupies 1% Participant Level S-1 occupies 3.3% Spectator Level S-1 occupies 6.1%

Building Height (From 2015 IBC Chapter 5, TABLES 504.3 & 504.4):

Per IBC Tables 504.3 and 504.4 both A-4 and B Occupancies of Type IB construction with a fire sprinkler installed throughout are limited to a maximum of 12 stories or a building height of 180’ above the grade plane. The Cadet Field House is three stories and 61’-6” above the grade plane.

Non-Separated Occupancies (2015 IBC 508.2.1):

The requirements of this code shall apply to each portion of the building based on the occupancy classification of that space. In addition, the most restrictive provisions of Chapter 9 that apply to the nonseparated occupancies shall apply to the total nonseparated occupancy area.

The allowable building area and height of the building or portion thereof shall be based on the most restrictive allowances for the occupancy groups under consideration for the type of construction of the building in accordance with Section 503.1.

The most restrictive occupancy for the Cadet Field House is A-4 and therefore governs. Per Section 508.3.3, No separation is required between nonseparated occupancies.

Construction Type (IBC and UFC 3-600-01):

Type IB

Fire Resistance Rating Required for Building Elements for Type IB Construction (IBC Table 601)

Primary structural frame 2 Hr

Bearing Walls Exterior 2 Hr Interior 2 Hr

Nonbearing walls & partitions 0 Hr

Floor construction & associated secondary members 2 Hr

Roof construction & associated secondary members 1 Hr*

*Fire protection of structural members shall not be required, including protection of roof framing, and decking where every part of the roof construction is 20 feet or more above any floor immediately below.

UFC 3-600-01 7-4.2.1: Sprayed fire-resistant materials must be medium or high density cementitious or an intumescent thin-film coating.

UFC 3-600-01 7-4.2.3: Provide UL-listed floor/ceiling and UL-listed roof/ceiling assemblies that do not require the underside of the roof or floor deck to have spray-applied fireproofing.

The assembly must be designed so only columns, beams, and trusses receive spray-applied fireproofing to achieve the rating for the assembly.

Mezzanines (IBC 505.2)

A mezzanine or mezzanines in compliance with Section 505.2 shall be considered a portion of the story below. Such mezzanines shall not contribute to either the building area or number of stories regulated by Section 503.1.

(NFPA 101)

A Mezzanine is defined as an intermediate level between the floor and the ceiling of any room or space.

Story (IBC Section 202)

That portion of a building included between the upper surface of a floor and the upper surface of the floor next above. A story is measured as the vertical distance from top to top of two successive tiers of beams or finished floor finish to the top of the ceiling joists or, where there is not a ceiling, to the top of the roof rafters.

By the definitions above the mezzanine is considered an intermediate level not a floor and is considered part of the Spectator Level. The Spectator Level floor is located 29’-10” below the bottom of the roof trusses complying with the requirements for the exception in IBC Table 601 that states “Fire protection of structural members shall not be required, including protection of roof framing, and decking where every part of the roof construction is 20 feet or more above any floor immediately below.” The roof structure consists of exposed steel girder trusses with no fire protection. While the Spectator Level is greater than the 20’ below the bottom of the roof trusses, the existing Press Box finish floor is less than 10’ from the underside of the trusses. The proposed new Press Box has a finish floor elevation located 12’-4” below the bottom of the trusses. Although both meet the definition of a mezzanine, a 2015 IBC commentary indicates that the proximity of the mezzanine floor level to the underside of the roof trusses prevents the exception to the requirement for 1-hour protection of the roof structure from being applicable. Fire sprinklers will be added across the entire roof level with the phased repair projects and the ceilings in the new Press Box are designed as 1-hour ceilings with fire sprinklers provided throughout. The majority of the floor area beneath the trusses is occupied by the sports activity areas of the basketball court, hockey arena, and multipurpose area, all located greater than 43’ beneath the roof trusses. The Base Bid of this project (Pricing Schedule Item Number 0003) includes amendment of the existing roof structure to achieve a 1 Hour Fire Resistive Construction by application of an intumescent coating to the structural steel framing components of the roof structure and by attaching a fiberboard to the underside of the steel roof deck to create a UL approved roof deck assembly.

Mezzanine Area limitation (IBC 505.2.1)

The aggregate area of a mezzanine or mezzanines within a room shall not be greater than one-third of the floor area of that room or space in which they are located. The enclosed portion of a room shall not be included in a determination of the floor area of the room in which the mezzanine is located. In determining the area of the mezzanine, the area of the mezzanine shall not be included in the floor area of the room. Exceptions: IBC 505.2.1.2 The aggregate are of mezzanines in buildings and structures of Type I or II construction shall be not greater than one-half of the floor are of the room in buildings and structures equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system.

The Existing and New Press Boxes are categorized as mezzanines located at an intermediate level that is part of the Spectator Level below.

Total area of enclosed mezzanine level = 3,898 SF

Total open area of Spectator Level (less the enclosed mezzanine above) = 50,550 SF

The combined area of the Existing and New Press Boxes is 7.7% of open area of Spectator Level where 33% or less is allowed

Protection of Vertical Openings (NFPA 101 13.3.1)

Any vertical opening shall be enclosed or protected in accordance with Section 8.6, unless otherwise permitted by one of the following:

(I)* Stairs or ramps shall be permitted to be unenclosed between balconies or mezzanines and main assembly areas located below, provided that the balcony or mezzanine is open to the main assembly area.

Assembly occupancies protected by an approved supervised automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 9.7 shall be permitted to have unprotected vertical openings between any two adjacent floors, provided that such openings are separated from unprotected vertical openings serving other floors by a barrier complying with NFPA101 Section8.6.5. An existing one-hour separation is present between the two- story volume of the Hockey Arena / Clune Arena space and the lower level space containing the Multipurpose Area.

8.6.5* Required Fire Resistance Rating. The minimum fire resistance rating for the enclosure of floor openings shall be as follows (see 7.1.3.2.J for enclosure of exits):

(1) Enclosures connecting four or more stories in new construction - 2-hour fire barriers

(2) Other enclosures in new construction - I -hour fire barriers

(3) Existing enclosures in existing buildings 1/2-hour fire barriers

Means of Egress

Occupant Load Factor (NFPA 101 and UFC Table 10-1)

Office 1:100 SF Rest Rooms 1:100 SF Locker Rooms 1:50 SF Mech., Elect. 1:500 SF Storage 1:300 SF Assembly (less concentrated no fixed seating) 1:15 SF Assembly (Recreation) 1:50 SF Skating Rink 1:50 SF Mercantile (sales above street level) 1:60 SF Storage 1:300 SF Fixed Seating No. of Seats Bench Seating 1:18” LF Concourse 1:100 SF Kitchen 1:100 SF

The following tabular information summarizes the occupant loads for each floor based on the factors noted above:

Capacity of Means of Egress Stairs at New Press Box:

Occupant Load = 20.6

1. Per NFPA 101 Table A.7.3.3.2 the Minimum Stair Width is 36”. Two exits are required from the Press Box for an occupant load > 10. The New Press Box is open to the Spectator level except for walls 42” high and intermediate posts except for small portion of enclosed space.

The occupant load of the aggregate area of the enclosed space is 6, less than the maximum of 10 which classifies the mezzanine as “enclosed” therefore both stairs can be open to the Spectator Level per NFPA 101 8.6.10.3.1.

Cadet Field House Code Study Required Capacity of Means of Egress Exit Width by Floor (NFPA 101 Table 7.3.3.1 Capacity Factors)

Multipurpose Level:

Total Occupant Load = 1501 Aggregate width required: 1501 x .2” = 300.2” Existing aggregate door opening width provided: 6 pairs of – 2'-8"x7’ doors (no center mullion with 30” clear width each leaf = 360” provided.

Participant Level:

Total Occupant Load = 1599 Aggregate width required: 1599 x .2” = 319.8” Existing aggregate door opening width provided: 10 – 3’x7’ doors with 35” clear width each = 350” provided.

Spectator Level:

Total Occupant Load = 9961 Aggregate width required: 9961 x .2” = 1992”

Mezzanine Level (Exits via Spectator Level):

Total Occupant Load = 28 Aggregate width required: 28 x .2” = 5.6” Total Combined Spectator and Mezzanine aggregate width required: 1995.8” Existing aggregate door opening width provided: 58 – 3’x7’ doors with 35” clear width each = 2030” provided.

The aggregate existing exit door openings are sufficient for required egress on all levels of the Cadet Field House.

Main Entrance / Exit (NFPA 101):

13.2.3.6.1 Every assembly occupancy shall be provided with a main entrance / exit.

13.2.3.6.2 The main entrance/exit shall be of a width that accommodates one-half of the total occupant load.

The total occupant load for the Cadet Field House is 12,729. One half of the required width is .2” x 6365= 1,273” Based on the typical 35” clear width of existing doors, 37 doors are required at the main entrance.

13.2.3.6.5 Where the main entrance/exit from an assembly occupancy is through a lobby or foyer, the aggregate capacity of all exits from the lobby or foyer shall be permitted to provide the required capacity of the main entrance /exit, regardless of whether all such exits serve as entrances to the building. The Cadet Field House currently has 32 doors on the south face of the building which enter the lobby. An additional six doors are located on the west side along the lobby concourse with four more located on the east concourse of the lobby system. yielding an aggregate total of 42 doors or 1,470” where 1,273” is required.

Travel Distance to Exits (NFPA 101 7.6 & Table A.7.6):

Per NFPA 101 Table A.7.6, for existing fully sprinklered Assembly Occupancies, the following travel distances apply:

Common Path of Travel Limit: For Common path serving <50 people 20’, for ≥ 50 people 75’ Dead-End Limit: 20’ Travel Distance Limit: 250’ All areas comply with the maximum travel distance limits when considering combined common path of travel and travel distance limits.

Structural Design Loads

Risk Category: III (More than 300 people congregate in one area, per UFC 3-301-01, Table 2-2) Floor Live Loads:

Corridor 100 p.s.f.

Stadiums & Arenas 60 p.s.f.

Snow Loads:

Ground Snow Load, Pg 30 p.s.f.

Flat Roof Snow load, Pf 30 p.s.f.(min.) & 21.0 p.s.f. (drifting only) Exposure Factor, Ce 1.0 Importance Factor, IS 1.1 Thermal Factor, Ct 1.0 Frost Penetration 38 inches

Seismic Loads:

Importance Factor, IE 1.25 Mapped Spectral Response Accelerations

SS 0.188

S1 0.061

Site Class D (Assumed) Spectral Response Coefficients:

SDS 0.201

SD1 0.098

Seismic Design Category B Analysis Procedure: Equivalent Lateral Force Procedure Seismic Force Resisting System: Steel Systems Not Specifically Detailed for

Seismic Resistance Response Modification: R = 3.0 Seismic Response Coefficient: Cs = 0.0836

Wind Loads:

Ultimate Wind Speed: 120 m.p.h.

Wind Exposure C Internal Pressure Coefficient, GCpi ±0.18

Load combinations used in design are per ASCE 7-10, Chapter 2.

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