Attachment_C_-_AFMSA_Design_Guidance.pdf

Air Force Medical Support Agency Health Facilities Division Quality Design & Construction Standards for AFMS Infrastructure Systems

Rev: 10.0 – 31 Jan 2019

Air Force Medical Support Agency (AFMSA)

Quality Standards & Design Principles

Applicable to the Repair, Replacement & Modernization of

Air Force Medical Facility Infrastructure Systems &

Assets Revision 10 31 Jan 2019

The Office of Primary Responsibility for this document is the Air Force Medical Support Agency (AFMSA), Health Facilities Division (HFD), Facilities

Operations and Engineering Branch (AFMSA/SG8FE). For questions regarding authority or content, please contact AFMSA/SGS8F, Mr. Christiansen, at DSN 945‐1027or Commercial (210) 925‐1027.

Table of Contents

Section

Chapter / Section Title

Page

Section 1

Purpose and Introduction

Section 2

Mechanical Infrastructure Systems

Section 3

Testing and Balancing of HVAC Air & Hydronic Systems

Section 4

Commissioning of HVAC Systems

Section 5

Plumbing Systems (Including Medical Gas and Fire Protection)

Section 6

Electrical Infrastructure Systems

Section 7

Building Envelope & Roofing Systems

Section 8

General Requirements Applicable to all Disciplines

Section 9

Infection Control

Section 10

Drawings and Project Documentation

Section 11

Miscellaneous

1.0 Purpose & Introduction

This document provides guidance to designers, maintenance providers and contractors engaged in the repair, renovation, construction, and modernization of Air Force Medical Service (AFMS) properties worldwide.

1.1 Intent

This guide is not intended to serve as complete specification in and of itself, but rather compliment already published industry standard practices, the Uniform Building Codes, the Unified Design Facilities Criteria (UFC 4‐510‐

01), applicable codes, and requirements published by NFPA, AIA, NESC, NRCA, IBC, SMACNA, ASHRAE, ASPE, DHA current Engineering Technical Letters (ETLs) published by the Air Force Civil Engineering Center (AFCEC) and the Air

Force Medical Support Agency (AFMSA), local and regional codes, regulations, and other pertinent publications.

Where existing publications are again mentioned or cited in this guide, it is done so to reiterate the significance of that publication.

1.2 Exceeding Codified Minimums

The published codes and standards mentioned in paragraph 1.1 above establish the minimum requirements for construction. It is the intent of this guide to establish criteria and require features that are above the minimum basic requirements for construction and performance to provide a more efficient, reliable, maintainable, comfortable, and healing environment for patients and staff. In the event of conflict, the more stringent requirement shall govern.

1.3 Compliance

The designer is responsible for incorporating the engineering philosophies herein into any design solution being proposed for application at an AFMS Medical Treatment Facility (MTF). Prior practice, precedent or design does NOT release the designer/contractor from compliance with the content of this guide as published at time of proposal offering. Where a contractor may desire to propose a design which is in deviation to this guide (but appears to meet the intent of the guidance), the contractor shall describe in detail any deviation with a narrative proposal and design drawings if an illustration will make the alteration more clear. The contractor will make the deviation a separate, clear, and notable exception in the proposal being submitted. Providing a notation of the exception (of the proposed deviation) in the proposal does not automatically make it acceptable or accepted by the government. The request for deviation must include a complete analysis of the deviation and reason for such. Include any supporting documents such as calculations, equipment information, cost benefit to the government, etc…

1.4 Engineering Technical Letters (ETLs)

Headquarters Air Force Civil Engineering Center (AFCEC) Engineering Technical and Headquarters Air Force Medical

Support Agency (AFMSA) both publish ETLs. The Civil Engineer for the Air Force (HAF/CE) and the Chief of the Health

Facilities Division (AFMSA/SG8F) publish ETLs as interim guidance to Air Force Instructions (AFIs) and construction code requirements. Compliance with ETLs cannot be waived without specific approval of the authority publishing the ETL. Current ETLs published by the Air Force Civil Engineer are available on the Whole Building Design Guide and can be viewed at WBDG.org.

2.0 Mechanical Infrastructure Systems

When making repairs, alterations or renovating existing mechanical infrastructure requiring major component or equipment replacement, the designer/contractor shall NOT assume that a “like‐for‐like” replacement is acceptable.

The designer/contractor shall improve the system to better meet the existing and future load/service requirements by reducing energy consumption and improving reliability, operability, and maintainability.

2.1 Basis and Theory of Design

All new construction, or major renovation projects (as defined by UFC 4‐510‐01) must provide at least a 14% energy reduction below the current ASHRAE Standard 90.1 published baselines. The contractor shall submit ASHRAE 90.1 system analytical calculations and simulations. Energy efficiency improvements greater than the 14% required will be heavily weighed against the type of equipment and overall reliability and life expectancy of the equipment.

Contractor shall submit at 65% design, an electronic copy of the HVAC system load calculation program (such as from Trane Trace or Carrier HAP.) Load calculation shall be at a minimum a zone by zone calculation consisting of any zone located downstream of any HVAC equipment being installed (including chillers.)

2.1.1 Chilled and Condenser Water Systems

2.1.1.1 Chilled water system design for indoor mounted chillers shall include a piping arrangement that extends to the exterior of the facility with valved and flanged connections for connection of a temporary chiller. The pipe connections at the system shall be so designed that a temporary chiller can be connected without requiring a temporary pump. Provide electric power and disconnect to the building exterior at the point of temporary connection. Size piping and electric power to match the largest indoor chiller.

2.1.1.2 Select chillers that will provide modulation or unloading down to the 20% range and remain under stable operation without surging with constant design entering condenser water temperature.

Provide head pressure control for chillers as required by manufacturer’s application guide.

2.1.1.3 At forty (40) total system tons and greater, provide at least two chillers. Multiple chiller designs shall be sized to meet peak design (sum of AHU capacities) in that the system will provide at least 50% of the peak cooling load with the failure of any one circuit or chiller.

2.1.1.4 Any space requiring “special” environmental conditions that are less than 70oF and 50% relative humidity shall require a dedicated cooling system.

2.1.1.5 The condenser water design shall provide freeze protection (both operating and idle) and control of chiller condenser pressure.

2.1.1.6 Antifreeze shall be used NOT be used in chilled water systems in ASHRAE Climate Zone 4 or less.

Antifreeze may only be used with AFMSA/SG8F concurrence in ASHRAE Climate Zone 5.

2.1.2 Heating Water/Steam Systems

2.1.2.1 Where a natural gas utility service to the building is available, the basis of design for heating hot water systems shall include natural gas fired, high efficiency or condensing, packaged, hot water, boilers.

2.1.2.2 Provide dilution accessory to prevent acidic effluent from entering sewer system.

2.1.2.3 Designer shall eliminate or minimize steam based systems – where economically feasible.

2.1.2.4 Boiler design shall include a dedicated constant volume boiler primary pump to ensure proper water flow at boiler if non‐condensing boilers are utilized or if glycol is present in the heating water system.

2.1.2.5 Select pump motors with 120% of selected brake horsepower (HP) at the design condition up to 25

HP and 110% of selected brake horsepower for motors over 25 HP.

2.1.3 Air Distribution Systems

2.1.3.1 Continuous cooling loads such as laboratories, pharmacies, and IT equipment areas with heat generation equipment in the space shall be cooled utilizing building cooling systems when available but operating independently when building system is not available.

2.1.3.2 Heat recovery systems shall be provided for all 100% Outside Air (O/A) systems; heat wheels shall

NOT be used.

2.1.3.3 In major renovation projects, the design team shall convert all constant volume or multi zone or dual duct HVAC systems to Variable Air Volume Single Duct type. Convert 100% O/A systems to accommodate as much return air as allowable by code.

2.1.3.4 The airflow design shall include a room by room ventilation analysis. If the cooling/heating load airflow requirement is greater than the airflow required to meet minimum ventilation requirements, then that load requirement shall dictate the ventilation of that space. When the airflow volume needed to meet minimum ventilation requirements is greater than the thermal load requirement, then that airflow rate shall dictate the design for that space. In NO circumstance shall the airflow volume design for any space be less than 110% of the calculated minimum air exchange rates. This practice will apply to all spaces in the clinic or hospital that have a published air exchange requirement. No diversity that reduces airflow from design values shall be used. Follow UFC 4‐510‐

01 for air change reduction in unoccupied surgery suites.

2.1.3.5 When a space requires a pressure relationship to an adjacent space, the design of the supply and exhaust air flow rates for the space requiring the pressure relationship shall utilize a minimum of

20% differential between the two flow rates. The contractor shall be responsible for any corrections or changes required for achieving space pressure differentials.

2.1.3.6 The room by room ventilation analysis shall be totalized to provide an overall minimum outside air supply rate for the entire zone. Provide an airflow measuring station at the outside air intake of the affected air handler to provide continuous monitoring and control of the outside air volume. The designer shall not use a "worst case scenario" percentage of outside air for a single room in the zone to base the total design flow rate of an air handler.

2.1.3.7 One Variable Air Volume (VAV) terminal shall not serve more than six (6) rooms or 2,000 square feet.

Designer shall not mix spaces with different occupant density or outside wall exposures on a common VAV terminal. Each conference room, DIPC, or CIPC room shall be a dedicated zone.

2.1.3.8 Select all fans for not greater than 80% of the maximum fan RPM rating. Provide all fan motors up to

25 horsepower with nameplate rating that is 120% of selected brake horsepower. For fan motors above 25 horsepower provide motors with nameplate rating of 110% of selected brake horsepower.

On a fan‐array with multiple fans, the motor HP shall be the sum of the motor HP to determine safety factor. Provide grounding rings on motors served by VFDs.

2.1.3.9 Field assembled systems with fan/s, coil/s, and filter/s constitute an air handling unit and shall conform to Section 2.2.5 of this guide. Duct mounted cooling coils are not acceptable.

2.1.3.10 For air handlers designated with air side economizer cycles, the outside air duct must be sized to allow full design airflow.

2.1.3.11 Exhaust fans serving critical or hazardous spaces shall not be interlocked with associated air‐handling units for automatic shutdown.

2.1.3.12 Air Handling units mounted outdoors shall have a factory painted finish coordinated with Base

Architectural standards, and a sloped roof.

2.1.3.13 All AHU cooling coils shall have copper fins and copper tubes.

2.2 Equipment Physical Characteristics

2.2.1 Chillers

2.2.1.1 Select condenser tube water side surface with smooth bore or rifled tubes only. Condensers shall have removable heads to allow brush cleaning of condenser tubes.

2.2.1.2 Provide a new refrigerant monitoring and alarm safety system having all features currently required by ASHRAE Std. 15. Reuse of existing refrigerant safety systems in part or in full will be accepted if it can be demonstrated that as a complete assembly, it meets or exceeds the minimum performance standards and the contractor provides a full warranty.

2.2.1.3 Air‐Cooled Chillers located in coastal environments shall have copper fins and/or baked epoxy coating.

2.2.1.4 Furnish manufacturers louvered panels over the coil surface and the lower equipment enclosure areas on air cooled chillers.

2.2.1.5 Open drive chillers shall not be used. Chillers utilizing scroll compressors may not exceed 120 tons total capacity.

2.2.1.6 If a refrigerant compressor fails for any reason, the contractor shall perform an acid test and record the results. Further clean up and repair shall be performed per the 2014 ASHRAE Refrigeration

Handbook Chapter 7 and new compressors shall be installed per the manufacturer’s recommendations.

2.2.2 Boilers

2.2.2.1 Fully modulating boilers are required and must demonstrate stable operation without vibration or excessive noise throughout the full range of modulation.

2.2.2.2 When new steam boilers MUST be used in a design, steam boilers shall have a minimum turn‐down ratio of 3:1. For steam boilers over 50 HP, turn‐down ratio shall be a minimum of 4:1.

2.2.2.3 Steam boilers shall utilize flow control devices (e.g. orifices) to restrict flow to no more than designed package capacity.

2.2.2.4 Utilize Lo‐NOX boiler (or ultra‐Lo‐NOX, as required by local authorities) firing controls.

2.2.3 Pumps

2.2.3.1 Use only TEFC NEMA premium efficiency motors.

2.2.3.2 Where pump motors will be controlled by VFDs, they will be so designed for continuous use/duty with VFDs. Provide grounding rings on motors served by VFDs.

2.2.3.3 Provide testing ports at suction and discharge side of all new pumps. The discharge pressure fitting shall be at the discharge before any fitting or valve. On the suction side upstream of the suction diffuser, the pressure port shall be no closer than one foot from any fitting or elbow.

2.2.3.4 All pump bases shall be grouted with a self‐leveling epoxy grout after alignment is complete. All pump assemblies shall be laser aligned.

2.2.4 Cooling Towers

2.2.4.1 Towers shall have manufacturer’s access ladders, access platforms, interior walkways, and hand rails around the top of the tower. The towers shall have stainless steel construction throughout, and PVC fill.

2.2.4.2 Use Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) and motors designed specifically for use with VFDs on tower fans. Provide grounding rings on motors served by VFDs.

2.2.4.3 Provide side filtration and a basin cleaning system to remove solids from the basin and condenser water at a minimum.

2.2.4.4 Provide automatic water make‐up control with separate metering. Meter shall be of type that can provide data to the Building Automation System (BAS). Meters shall be connected to BAS. High and low water level alarms shall also be provided to the BAS.

2.2.4.5 Provide basin equalization piping on towers serving a common system.

2.2.4.6 Tower installation shall provide sufficient height for required condenser pump NPSH.

2.2.4.7 New cooling towers shall be of the induced draft cross flow design with TEFC (or TEAO) motors.

2.2.4.8 Design cooling towers according to ambient temperatures listed in UFC 4‐510‐01. Select towers for not more than a 10o F approach temperature at design conditions.

2.2.4.9 Select pump motors and fan motors with 120% of selected brake horsepower at the design condition up to 25 HP and 110% of selected BHP for motors over 25 HP.

2.2.4.10 Water Treatment system shall measure conductivity and pH and automatically apply chemicals by requirement not time. System shall conform to UFGS Specification Section 23 25 00 – Chemical

Treatment of Water for Mechanical Systems. At a minimum, water conductivity and pH shall be sensed and reported to the BAS.

2.2.5 Air Handlers

2.2.5.1 Drain pans in AHUs shall be stainless steel and constructed so there is no standing water in the pan.

Slope pans in two dimensions to the drain connection. Furnish drain pans under cooling coils, heating coils, and humidifier dispersion tubes.

2.2.5.2 Cooling coils (chilled water) shall be ARI listed for performance. Coils shall have copper fins on copper tubes and shall have no more than 12 fins per inch; serrated fins are not acceptable. The minimum design entering water temperature shall be 2o F above system chilled water supply temperature as documented in latest official project plans with a water temperature differential across the coil of 12o F. Provide stainless steel coil casings and intermittent supports. Coil fins shall be no less than 0.0075” thickness. Copper coil tubing shall be of minimum tube wall thickness of .020” and 5/8” diameter. A single chilled water coil shall be no more than 8 rows. Where coil capacity requirements dictate more than 8 rows in depth, the coil shall be split into two separate coils with minimum of 12 inches between them. Maximum cooling coil face velocity shall be no higher than

500 FPM at the AHU design capacity.

2.2.5.3 Heating coils (hot water or steam) shall be ARI listed for performance. Coils shall have no more than

12 fins per inch and serrated fins are not acceptable. Aluminum coil fins shall be of 0.0075” minimum thickness. Copper coil tubing shall be of minimum tube wall thickness of .020” and 5/8” diameter. The use of steam coils should be minimized and shall NOT be used for outside air preheat applications. The contractor is responsible for minimizing stratification in AHU systems and eliminating nuisance freeze stat trips.

2.2.5.4 Provide 200,000 hour (L10) rated bearings on any belt driven shafts. Provide TEFC (Totally Enclosed, Fan Cooled and NEMA premium efficiency) motors for fans. Provide grounding rings on motors served by VFDs.

2.2.5.5 Provide laser alignment and belt tensioning of supply and return fans upon installation. Laser alignment and belt tensioning tool, as well as user training, shall be provided to local FM staff upon completion of project.

2.2.5.6 Air handlers shall have access doors in all modules except coil modules. Doors must be hinged at one side and with latches on one side that take no tool to operate. Doors shall provide full swing or have pin and sleeve hinge for removal. Each module shall have a vision panel and interior lighting with switching at exterior of AHU. Doors shall swing into the space with higher pressure or doors shall be equipped with latches that prevent violent opening due to pressure.

2.2.5.7 AHU casings shall be designed and rated for 2” water column greater pressure than the fan’s total rated static pressure at design pressure. Provide gasketed panels and grommets on pipe and tubing penetrations of the exterior casing to eliminate air leakage.

2.2.5.8 All air handlers shall be double wall with interior insulation but no insulation exposed to the airstream. Galvanized smooth metal interior panels are required with no perforated panels acceptable.

2.2.5.9 Provide a thermal break between casing interior and exterior on all outdoor units and on those located within unconditioned interior spaces. “Sandwich” panel construction, consisting of closed cell foam that is injected between the outer and inner sheet metal panels shall be used.

2.2.5.10 Air dampers in air handlers or in ducts shall be airfoil type with opposed blade design, low leakage type with a neoprene seal at blade edge. All rotating shafts shall be chrome plated steel and bushings shall be stainless steel sleeve bearings. Provide extended shafts for attachment of damper actuators at the exterior of ducts and air handlers.

2.2.5.11 Provide a dedicated casing section with moisture eliminators for humidifier dispersion tubes. See

UFC 4‐510‐01 for more additional requirements relating to humidification.

2.2.5.12 Air handlers and filter compartments shall have filter racks with spacers and gaskets necessary to prevent ANY air bypass around filters. Size the racks for max filter face velocity of 500 fpm. Design the filter racks to utilize only filter sizes that are Industry Standard and readily available as a

Commercial off the Shelf (COTS) product. Filter Boxes shall conform to the UFGS 23 73 13.

2.2.5.13 Refer to latest edition of UFC 4‐510‐01 for proper filter selection. The default filter arrangement is a pre‐filter; located upstream of all coils, velocity sensing devices or other devices requiring protection from particulate accumulation, and an intermediate filter; located downstream of the supply fan or cooling coil, whichever is last. The pre‐filter shall be a 4 inch thick (minimum thickness) disposable cartridge filter with pleated media and a Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value (MERV) rating of

MERV‐8. The intermediate filter (when required by UFC 4‐510‐01) shall be rated as MERV‐14. Do

NOT design or install systems which incorporate the use of bag or roll filters. Filters in O/A streams shall be moisture resistant type. See paragraphs 7‐8.4 and 7‐11.1 in UFC 4‐510‐01 for more instruction on air filters, their location and their protection.

2.2.5.14 For AHU retrofit projects, dimensional conflict between standard equipment dimension and limited available space does not exempt the designer or contractor from adhering to the aforementioned air filter requirements. Deviations offered in a proposal will be evaluated for adequacy of filtration and filter location.

2.2.5.15 Furnish manufacturer’s continuous base rails on indoor AHUs. Provide reinforced concrete housekeeping pad (4” minimum) in combination with the base rail to provide overall height for proper condensate trap construction. Contractor shall provide trap design detail to show that trap is designed for a trap depth minimum 1” greater than total fan static pressure. Trap design shall be specific to draw through and blow through coil designs.

2.2.5.16 Air handlers with multiple supply fans in a “fan wall” configuration shall include dedicated VFD for each fan and each fan shall have a backdraft damper at the discharge to allow operation of the AHU with a single operable fan in the failed mode. The loss of any single fan shall not reduce AHU CFM below 60% of design airflow.

2.2.5.17 Air Handling Units shall deliver minimum required outside air at area ten year minimum outside air temperature without tripping the unit freeze stat. Closing the outside air dampers is not an acceptable freeze protection strategy.

2.2.6 Variable Air Volume Terminals

2.2.6.1 All Variable Air Volume (VAV) terminal boxes shall be pressure independent type.

2.2.6.2 DELETED.

2.2.6.3 VAV terminals shall be double wall with insulation between panels so not to be exposed to airstream. Provide terminals with double‐walled insulated manufacturer’s access panel at an easily accessible area for all interior components. Install VAV boxes to provide unhindered access to the access panel and controls.

2.2.6.4 Flex connector from medium pressure ductwork to VAV box inlet shall not exceed six (6) inches in length.

2.2.7 Piping Systems, Duct Systems, and Miscellaneous General Requirements

2.2.7.1 All motors controlled by Variable Frequency Drives (VFD) shall be of the design that reduces or eliminates inducted transient rotor voltage. This can be either motors fitted with grounding rotor brushes, ceramic bearings or other AFMSA approved technology.

2.2.7.2 Stencil or label all finished pipe surfaces to clearly label content and normal flow direction pursuant with ANSI/ASME A13.1. Provide identification at a maximum 20 ft. interval.

2.2.7.3 For roof top mounted equipment, the curb, base anchoring point, and/or manufacturer equipment stand shall be securely anchored to the underlying structural members and meet the requirements for wind loading and uplift for the geographical area. Curbs shall be installed per NRCA recommendations unless otherwise designed by a professional structural engineer as needed to meet special unique requirements specific to the site or region. Treated wooden skids, timbers, and similar materials used for curbs and mounting platforms shall be coated, covered, and flashed as necessary to eliminate exposure to UV and the elements; and shall present a seamless matching appearance consistent with the roof system. Minimize the use of roof mounted equipment. Curbs shall raise equipment at least 12” above finished roof level.

2.2.7.4 When using existing concrete housekeeping pad for mechanical equipment, the contractor must verify the pad size to determine adequate clearance beyond the equipment. See section 8.0.6

Equipment Mounts and Foundations for further guidance.

2.2.7.5 Isolation valves, flow measuring ports and balance valves shall be installed on all coils and all components requiring Test, Adjust & Balance (TAB). Strainers are required ahead of all control valves and pumps.

2.2.7.6 ProPress or equal cold compression type fittings are acceptable in 2” copper lines and smaller.

When copper Press fittings are used, the copper pipe fitting installation systems shall use modern cold press connection technology. Fittings shall utilize an EPDM sealing element to provide permanent leak‐ proof connections. Copper press fittings shall be installed using the proper tool, actuator, jaws and rings as instructed by the press fitting manufacturer. The installation of copper tubing for hot and cold water distribution systems shall conform to the requirements of the ICC International Plumbing Code or IAPMO Uniform Plumbing Code. Installed fittings shall have Operating Pressure: 200 PSI, maximum

Test Pressure: 600 PSI, maximum Operating Temperature: 0°F to 250°F. Fittings shall carry a 50‐year warranty against defects in material and workmanship.

2.2.7.7 Above ceiling spaces shall not be used as return air plenum (See Attachment 1).

2.2.7.8 Where ducts must be located outside the building, provide dimpled metal jacketing with an anodized finish in the color selected to best harmonize architecturally with the building.

2.2.7.9 Provide all stainless steel (SS) duct construction, with seamless welded joints; (to include all accessories) downstream from trim humidifiers or high efficiency final filters serving surgical procedure spaces. Provide drain nipple with plug in SS duct (i.e., Operating Rooms, Dental Surgery, Labor & Delivery, etc...). See UFC 4‐510‐01 Section 7‐11.5.1 for additional details.

2.2.7.10 Flex duct connecting terminal boxes to supply air devices shall not exceed five (5) feet in length. Do not use flex duct for return or exhaust duct systems. Where the facility is undergoing a renovation involving complete replacement of ceilings and ceiling mounted air devices throughout a large contiguous space, the contractor shall replace all old / existing flex duct with new. This includes all flex duct on systems serving the area and those flex ducts that only pass through the area.

2.2.7.11 Ductwork design shall use long radius elbows.

2.2.7.12 Supply, return, and outdoor air ductwork shall be sealed with water based mastic at all joints and externally insulated. Test all new ductwork per SMACNA standard.

2.2.7.13 All branch ducts shall have manual balancing dampers. This includes branch ducts on various floor levels connected to a vertical riser.

2.2.7.14 During a major renovation project including duct modifications the contractor shall not reuse existing duct if the duct (or a section thereof within the space) is internally insulated, damaged, not properly sized, or more than 25 years old. Duct cleaning is NOT an option.

2.2.7.15 Duct cleaning shall only be considered on exhaust and return air distribution systems. Cleaning supply air distribution ducts and components that are downstream of the final filter bank shall require special exemption and prior approval by AFMSA/SG8FE; who shall provide detailed guidance on the specific methods to be employed during the cleaning and post cleaning start of air distribution systems.

2.2.7.16 Where exhaust and return air duct system must be cleaned, the duct cleaning process must follow procedures pursuant to guidelines established and published by ASHRAE and the National Air Duct

Cleaners Association (NADCA).

2.2.7.17 All outside air (OA) duct in coastal locations shall be 316 or better stainless steel to the AHU inlet.

2.2.7.18 All pipe and duct insulation shall meet or exceed ASHRAE 90.1 and National Insulation Association

(NIA) guidelines as prescribed by Whole Building Design Guide and “Federal High Performance &

Sustainable Buildings.”

2.2.7.19 All chilled water pipes shall be insulated with cellular glass material. Mineral fiber or unicellular insulation is not acceptable.

2.2.7.20 All indoor piping insulation in mechanical rooms or where exposed shall be covered with PVC jacketing with a thickness of that least 30 mil. PVC shall match local fluid color schemes or, if no color scheme, may be white. Painting is not a substitute for PVC jacketing, nor will PVC be painted unless specified by code. Provide stenciling or labeling of the finished exterior pipe covering to show contents and direction of flow per ANSI/NFPA requirements. Provide identification at intervals not exceeding twenty feet. Insulate all piping specialties per UFGS 23.07.00.

2.2.7.21 All outdoor mechanical insulation shall utilize metallic jacketing to protect such insulation from exposure and elements. Routing of utilities on the building exterior should be minimized.

2.2.7.22 All supply, return, and outside air ductwork shall be insulated. Exhaust duct shall be insulated from the exterior penetration to the backdraft damper.

2.2.7.23 In areas of known or anticipated “climbing” on/over of the insulated component by personnel, grated steel walkways, or catwalks shall be installed. In areas where the installation of a walkway is not possible due to dimensional clearance constraints, the appropriate rigid durable insulation materials shall be used: Calcite (or approved alternate) for steam / heating / domestic hot water, cellular glass (or approved alternate) for chilled water. Heavy sheet metal jacket or protective cover shall be installed by the contractor to protect the insulation.

2.2.7.24 Leave no insulation exposed to the air stream in any ductwork or equipment.

2.2.7.25 Contractor shall make all repair/replacements as to maintain any in‐place manufacturer's or contractor's warranties. In the event that the item removed leaves a penetration/hole in the exterior cladding and/or structure framing of the assembly, the Contractor shall properly reconstruct the assembly (both substrate and cladding) to match the surrounding construction and finish.

Structural capacity, weather‐tightness and aesthetics shall all be essential elements of the work. An engineer shall be utilized to design the structure for in‐filled load‐bearing systems on openings larger than 24” in any dimension.

2.2.7.26 All chilled water lines shall utilize a compartmentalized vapor seal. Vapor seals shall be no more than four (4) insulation joints in length.

2.2.7.27 Insulating materials containing polyisocyanurate with a smoke index greater than 50 shall NOT be utilized in AFMS facilities.

2.2.7.28 For closed loop hydronic systems provide weld‐o‐lets, feeders and other devices to accommodate chemical treatment. Include corrosion test coupon assembly.

2.2.7.29 For systems without glycol, include water meter with pulse counter contactor on make‐up water line, and connect to the BAS. For systems with glycol provide a glycol feed pump, pre‐mix glycol tank, pressure feed contact, and low glycol level alarm on the glycol makeup system. Glycol systems shall not have domestic water makeup connections to closed loop. Connect glycol feed system to BAS.

2.2.7.30 For condenser water systems, provide a high quality controller for controlling bleed, inhibitor feed and biocide feed. The controller is to have multiple modes for configuring the timer for the scale and corrosion inhibitor but its default mode is to control chemical feed proportional to make‐up water.

2.2.7.31 Include two (2) biocide timers with the capability to lock‐out the bleed following a biocide addition.

Use a pre‐bleed timer in conjunction with the bleed lock‐out.

2.2.7.32 Install corrosion test coupon assembly on the cooling tower circulation loop.

2.2.7.33 Water Treatment System shall conform to UFGS Specification Section 23 25 00 ‐ Chemical Treatment of Water for Mechanical Systems. Non‐chemical based systems (such as ozone or magnets) are not acceptable.

2.2.7.34 All isolation valves 1/2" through 3” shall be full port ball valves.

2.2.7.35 IT room designs shall be based on a room temperature of 75°F. Cooling equipment shall not be sized for more than the existing connected load in the space. The cooling system shall be capable of cooling and controlling humidity in the space without utilizing reheat under the existing load conditions, however, all IT HVAC systems shall include reheat.

2.2.7.36 The failure of any single component shall not prevent the lag equipment (pumps, boilers, water heaters, etc...) from being enabled under manual (hand) control. No wiring, programming, or other changes will be allowed to enable the lag equipment.

2.2.7.37 When chillers are equally sized, chillers shall be piped so that any chilled water pump or condenser water pump can serve any chiller.

2.2.7.38 Strainers shall have drain valve with hose bib.

2.2.7.39 Ultrasonic meters shall not be used.

2.3 HVAC Controls

2.3.1 Building Automation Systems (BAS) and Energy Management System (EMS) are used synonymously and refer to the digital, programmable, computer based electronic automated control system.

2.3.1.1 Projects shall remove existing pneumatic HVAC control systems and replace them with direct digital programmable control systems. Pneumatic tubing shall be removed in its entirety where accessible.

2.3.1.2 When a control system is replaced, no existing control components are to be re‐utilized unless approved prior to contract award. If the contractor reuses any component (even those noted to be reused), the contractor shall warranty parts and labor on the reused items as if they were new.

All firmware and software being proposed for projects in AFMSA properties must be compliant with

AFGM2017‐32‐01 and be approved for use on DOD / Air Force distributed networks (refer to UFC 4‐

010‐06). The software must be most recent version at time of proposal, with a remaining application life and compatibility with future systems for at least five (5) years. If a new version is released and approved for use on AF networks within twelve (12) months of system commissioning, the contractor shall provide, install and commission an update to the most recent version without additional cost to the Government. For renovation or expansion projects, the contractor shall provide a software update to the most current version for the entire control system.

2.3.1.3 Include a desk top computer with the latest operating system, 21 inch flat screen monitor

(minimum), and an ink jet printer.

2.3.1.3.1 The BAS graphical user interface (GUI) shall be user friendly, incorporate high‐definition

3D animated illustrations of all major equipment to depict piping flow and indicate status of operation. The access and update time between screen displays shall not be greater than 2 seconds following initiation of change. The GUI shall at minimum include animated illustrations, but not limited to the following displays:

2.3.1.3.2 Floor plans with room numbers, temperature sensors, terminal boxes, and AHU’s accurately located.

2.3.1.3.3 VAV boxes with CFM (feedback), damper position (percentage), space temperature

(feedback), space temperature set point, discharge air temperature (feedback), and reheat valve position (percentage).

2.3.1.3.4 AHU depicting fan operation (feedback), fan speeds, duct static pressure (feedback), preheat mode, cooling modes, control valve status (percentage), CHW and HW coil leaving air temperatures (feedback), return and mix air temperatures (feedback), damper positions (percentage), total supply air CFM (feedback), outside air temperature

(feedback), outside air CFM (feedback), chilled and hot water leaving temperatures

(feedback), and filter pressure drop (feedback).

2.3.1.3.5 Where the BAS is going to be installed in a foreign location, maintained and operated by local foreign nationals, the BAS shall be so equipped to easily toggle the graphical interface and text to be displayed in both the local native language and modern English;

and the system measurements can be toggled between SAE and metric units.

2.3.1.3.6 Chilled water/condenser water/heating water systems: On the graphic of each system show all temperatures, fan speeds, pump speed, valve positions, percent equipment load, firing rate, along with all set points. On all components which have moving elements (e.g.

fan blades, pump impellers, etc...), animation will be provided to depict said movement/flow whether on or stopped.

2.3.1.3.7 All control systems (such as but not limited to steam boilers, boiler feed water systems, air compressors, vacuum pumps, med gas systems, generators, automatic transfer switches, load control systems, domestic hot water heaters, VFDs, etc...) shall report to the BAS via a native BACnet card (shall be used when available) or a translator (black box) to BACnet at the individual equipment.

2.3.1.4 The installer/contractor shall train maintenance personnel in the use of the building control system to the level where they can independently control room set points, adjust operating schedules, recognize abnormal performance, acknowledge alarms, utilize the event log and generate trend logs.

Operators must demonstrate their proficiency in these skills at final commissioning and before acceptance of the system.

2.3.1.5 The installing contractor shall establish user specific access password protection that is specific to each authorized operator and that will not allow any operator to access functions for which they have not demonstrated competency. Generic passwords, such as “Operator”, are not acceptable and must be removed at time of acceptance. BAS system security protocols and passwords must comply with HQ AFCEC Engineering Technical Letter (ETL) 11‐1 dated 30 Mar 2011 titled “Civil Engineering

Industrial Control Information Assurance Compliance”.

2.3.1.6 Provide a BACnet Object List that includes the hardware (input/output) points and also includes software points such as set points, trends and alarms. Identify points in language that is understandable to maintenance personnel. Generic, computer generated, point designators are not acceptable.

2.3.1.7 Provide detailed written Sequences of Operation for all controlled systems that describes how the system is designed to function under an array of anticipated conditions. Night set‐back and

Antiterrorist Force Protection (ATFP) emergency shutdown must be included in control sequences.

Spaces that have temperature and/or humidity ranges specified in UFC 4‐510 shall not have night setbacks outside of those requirements. Sequences of Operation must be submitted with the 65% design submittal and accepted by AFMSA/SG8FE.

2.3.1.8 Provide Control Schematics for all controlled equipment and systems. Identify control points with the same designator used above in the BACnet Object List.

2.3.1.9 All new systems shall utilize a BACnet/IP “backbone” for connection to system level panels and computer access terminals, as a minimum.

2.3.1.9.1 As a minimum, use BACnet communications protocol at the system level and provide for data access and sharing with other BACnet compatible vendors.

2.3.1.9.2 All devices below the system level (end device unit controllers) shall communicate via

BACnet.

2.3.1.10 Leave the project in a state that with the approval of the government, other vendors can be permitted to tie in and access for future alteration and expansion.

2.3.1.11 Provide lightning and transient voltage protection for system level panels.

2.3.1.12 Provide auto archiving/back‐up software program for routine back‐up of the programs, including historical trending.

2.3.1.13 Provide one hour minimum UPS for system level programmable controllers mounted securely off of the floor.

2.3.1.14 All controllers are to utilize non‐volatile memory.

2.3.1.15 When an emergency power source is available at a facility, all BAS components serving critical areas, including all actuators, shall be connected to the “essential equipment” bus of the emergency power system. All other BAS components shall be connected to the “essential equipment” bus if sufficient generator capacity exists or the BAS components shall fail to an appropriate position to minimize impact to the facility operations. All new HVAC control systems shall be native BACnet type that can communicate in an auto‐recognizable (plug‐n‐play) manner with other installed systems and do so without the need for intermediary translation device or “gateway.” Systems shall be BACnet compliant down to the end device without need for intermediary translation device or “gateway.”

2.3.1.16 All points shall be trended. Analog points shall be trended at a maximum interval of 15 minutes.

Binary point shall record change of state. BAS shall be capable of storing all trends for a minimum of

1 year.

2.3.1.17 In spaces where tight control of relative humidity is mission critical and required (e.g., Operating

Rooms, Laboratories, Pharmacies, Instrument Sterilization Centers and Sterile Storage) provide high quality temperature/humidistats in the space which sense and report back to the building automation system where precise space temperature and relative humidity can be trended in real time and user adjustable intervals.

2.3.1.18 A complete set of trend logs of system operation shall be submitted to the government 10 business days prior to functional performance testing and final commissioning to demonstrate system performance. One purpose of the trend log(s) is to determine the stability of the system at the device level in automatic mode and without human intervention. These trend logs are to be recorded after the control system is in automatic mode, all global set points and limits removed, all control loop tuning and the TAB is complete. The trend logs must contain at minimum seven (7) consecutive days of trends two of which are weekends or holiday. AHU trend logs shall be submitted in spreadsheet and graphical form and shall include the following:

2.3.1.18.1 Outside Air Temperature

2.3.1.18.2 Return Air Temperature

2.3.1.18.3 Mixed Air Temperature

2.3.1.18.4 Supply Air Temperature

2.3.1.18.5 Mixed Air Damper Position

2.3.1.18.6 Chilled Water Coil Valve Position

2.3.1.18.7 Fan Speeds

2.3.1.18.8 Supply, Return, and Exhaust Duct Static Pressure

2.3.1.18.9 Preheat Coil Valve Position

2.3.1.18.10 Reheat Coil Valve Position

2.3.1.18.11 Space Relative Humidity

2.3.1.18.12 Outside Air CFM

2.3.1.17.13 For VAV boxes the trend log shall include:

2.3.1.18.14 Inlet Air Temperature

2.3.1.18.15 Discharge Air Temperature

2.3.1.18.16 Reheat Valve Position

2.3.1.18.17 Air Damper Position

2.3.1.18.18 Air Volume

2.3.1.19 During Unoccupied Periods (period of non‐use for procedures or when vacant), operating room air volume shall be reduced to 6 air changes per hour, while maintaining a positive pressure in the surgery room of 0.02” minimum (documented air balance). The control for the Occupied/Un‐

Occupied modes shall be automated through the use of room occupancy sensors that will initiate a switch to Un‐ Occupied mode once a 15 to 30 minute (User adjustable) timed delay expires after the room has been vacated; and it will switch back to Occupied mode following a 3 minute delay once occupancy has been sensed. An illuminated visual indicator of HVAC Mode (Occupied / Un‐Occupied) shall be provided within the surgery room.

2.3.1.20 Utilize occupancy sensors in common areas (e.g. meeting rooms, corridors, janitor closets, public restrooms, etc...) to reset thermostats to unoccupied status and to turn lights off (see Electrical section 6.16.2 for additional information for lighting control).

2.3.1.21 Unless otherwise specified, all VAV static pressure (through supply fan VFD) shall be controlled utilizing critical zone reset (aka critical zone loading). Static pressure set point is continually adjusted

(reset) so that at least one terminal unit in the system is 90% open. The static‐pressure controller monitors the position of each terminal unit and resets the duct‐static‐pressure set point based on the critical zone terminal position.

2.3.1.22 Provide open protocol BACnet access to the chiller and boiler local controls. Written site specific exemptions for LonTalk may be requested from AFMSA/SG8FE.

2.3.1.23 Control valves shall be two‐way modulating type that will vary the water flow properly through each coil to meet the building load. Valves are to have a shut off pressure rating adequate to close off against pump maximum discharge pressure. No three‐way valves are allowed. If a bypass is required to maintain a minimum flow, a two‐way valve shall be utilized and shall only open at minimum flow rates.

2.3.1.24 Design systems to maintain water flow through coils, heat exchangers, towers, pumps, and piping exposed to temperatures below 320 F. Provide thermostatically controlled heat trace or other freeze protection for exposed utilities as required.

2.3.1.25 Heating water system supply temperature set point shall utilize an outside air reset schedule to maximize efficiency. Refer to ASHRAE 90.1.

2.3.1.26 Hydronic systems shall reset differential pressure setpoint based on valve positions. Refer to ASHRAE

90.1.

2.3.1.27 When an AHU is renovated or replaced, provide outside air (OA) flow measuring stations to control and monitor OA flows. Return air duct mounted CO2 sensors shall NOT be used for OA controls.

Provide OA flow stations that are not subject to clogging.

2.3.1.28 For spaces where relative humidity requirements are not specifically prescribed under UFC 4‐510‐01

Appendix A, humidity control shall be designed to maintain an envelope of 30% to 60% RH during normally occupied periods. The design engineer shall determine the interior RH based on the outside air condition and interior latent loads. Humidifiers shall be provided if the analysis indicates that RH will drop below 20% during periods of occupancy. In this case, it is acceptable to provide a humidifier at the outside air make up unit (if available) or in the AHU's to improve general indoor RH condition.

2.3.1.29 All humidifiers shall have duct mounted high limit humidity sensors to prevent relative humidity above 80% in the supply air duct.

2.3.1.30 All exhaust fans shall be controlled and monitored by BAS.

2.3.1.31 All VFD drives will report KW back to the BAS system and be recorded. Chiller plant shall also report kW/Ton.

2.3.1.32 If the outside air levels are reduced below the minimums required in order to protect the system from freezing conditions but to keep the system operational, an audible and visual alarm shall be provided in the BAS.

3.0 Testing Adjusting and Balancing of Air and Water Systems

3.0.1 All new or renovated HVAC systems shall be tested and balanced pursuant to National Environmental

Balancing Bureau (NEBB) standards.

3.0.2 Balancing tolerance shall be +10% to ‐0%, rather than +/‐ 5% (per UFC3‐410‐01) for airside systems in Critical

Care Spaces.

3.1 Experience and Knowledge of the TAB professional(s) and/or TAB firm

3.1.1 The qualifications, experience and knowledge of the TAB professional and TAB firm shall be identified, within the proposal. TAB professional shall have at least 5 years healthcare experience and be certified by NEBB.

3.2 TAB Definitions

3.2.1 For purposes of clarification, the word “Owner” is synonymous with Medical Group Facility Manager. The term

“Government” is synonymous with AFMS.

3.3 TAB Requirements

3.3.1 TAB shall be accomplished for any system downstream of the equipment modified.

3.3.2 All phases of the TAB work including preplanning, execution of field work, and reporting requirements shall be in strict accordance with the National Environmental Balancing Bureau (NEBB) Procedural Standards for testing. All TAB work shall be executed and reported according to the NEBB.

3.3.3 The ASHRAE Applications Text, Chapter 38 – Testing, Adjusting, and Balancing, 2015 Edition is the reference document for development of all Performance Work Statements (PWS).

3.4 TAB Submittals and Approvals

3.4.1 During the submittal phase of the project, and before the TAB firm provides any billable work on the project, a statement of qualifications must be submitted and approved. The submittal will be provided through the typical submittal process and be reviewed and approved by the Contractor. Upon approval of the contractor, the submittal must be forwarded to the Design Engineer of Record (DoR) for review and approval. Upon DoR approval, the TAB qualification submittal shall be forwarded to the AFMSA/SG8FE engineer for review and approval. Only after such submittal and approval is complete shall the TAB agent start work and provide services on a project.

3.4.2 The submittal shall follow NEBB standards.

3.5 TAB Preplanning Requirements

3.5.1 For projects that include renovation or modification of an existing HVAC (air and/or hydronic) system, the TAB agent MUST obtain engineering performance and design data for the current existing system BEFORE the proposed/current project modifications. The system operating design values must be obtained by the TAB agent.

3.5.2 The DoR and AFMSA/SG8FE representative will review the TAB Agent’s preplanning documentation and project preparation before field work is started.

3.6 TAB Reporting Requirements

3.6.1 The TAB agent shall communicate with the contractor and DOR on progress toward work complete and report and address problems as encountered on the project.