A07.02_-_Atch_12_-_REVISED_Specifications_Sections_for_Spec_2147_AM005_16JAN2019.pdf

SOLICIATION NO. W91238-19-B-0005

1 of 1 Amendment 0005

SUTTER BASIN FLOOD RISK MANAGEMENT PROJECT

CYPRESS AVE TO TUDOR RD

SUTTER COUNTY, CALIFORNIA

AMENDMENT 0005 - SUMMARY:

A) SPECIFICATION 2147

1) Replaced entire Section 01 57 19

2) Replaced entire Section 05 05 23

3) Replaced entire Section 31 11 02

Sutter Basin Flood Risk Management Project Cypress Ave to Tudor R 2147

PROJECT TABLE OF CONTENTS

DIVISION 01 - GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

01 00 00 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

01 14 22 SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS

01 22 00 PRICE AND PAYMENT PROCEDURES

01 32 01 PROJECT SCHEDULE

01 32 23 SURVEY AND LAYOUT DATA

01 33 00 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES

01 35 26 GOVERNMENTAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS

01 42 00 SOURCES FOR REFERENCE PUBLICATIONS

01 45 00 QUALITY CONTROL

01 45 00.15 RESIDENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM CONTRACTOR MODE (RMS CM)

01 50 00 TEMPORARY CONSTRUCTION FACILITIES AND CONTROLS

01 57 19 TEMPORARY ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS

01 57 23 TEMPORARY STORM WATER POLLUTION CONTROL

01 71 10 MOBILIZATION AND DEMOBILIZATION

01 74 19 CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION WASTE MANAGEMENT

01 78 00 CLOSEOUT SUBMITTALS

DIVISION 02 - EXISTING CONDITIONS

02 32 00 SUBSURFACE DRILLING, SAMPLING, AND TESTING

02 41 00 DEMOLITION AND DECONSTRUCTION

DIVISION 03 - CONCRETE

03 11 13 STRUCTURAL CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE FORMING

03 15 00 CONCRETE ACCESSORIES

03 20 00 CONCRETE REINFORCING

03 30 00 CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE

03 35 00 CONCRETE FINISHING

03 39 00 CONCRETE CURING

03 42 13 PLANT-PRECAST CONCRETE PRODUCTS FOR BELOW GRADE

CONSTRUCTION

03 52 01 CONTROLLED LOW STRENGTH MATERIAL (CLSM)

DIVISION 05 - METALS

05 05 23 STRUCTURAL WELDING

05 12 00 STRUCTURAL STEEL

05 30 00 STEEL DECKS

05 50 13 MISCELLANEOUS METAL FABRICATIONS

05 50 14 STRUCTURAL METAL FABRICATIONS

05 52 00 METAL RAILINGS

DIVISION 07 - THERMAL AND MOISTURE PROTECTION

07 92 00 JOINT SEALANTS

DIVISION 09 - FINISHES

09 97 02 PAINTING: HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES

DIVISION 10 - SPECIALTIES

10 14 00.10 EXTERIOR SIGNAGE

PROJECT TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1 Amendment 0005

DIVISION 31 - EARTHWORK

31 00 00 EARTHWORK

31 11 02 CLEARING, GRUBBING, AND STRIPPING

31 56 13.14 CUTOFF WALL - OPEN TRENCH SOIL BENTONITE (SB)

31 83 13 CUTOFF WALL DEEP MIXING METHOD

DIVISION 32 - EXTERIOR IMPROVEMENTS

32 15 00 AGGREGATE SURFACING

32 31 13 CHAIN LINK FENCES AND GATES

32 31 26 WIRE FENCES AND GATES

32 92 19 SEEDING

DIVISION 33 - UTILITIES

33 11 02 STORM DRAINAGE AND IRRIGATION; PRESSURIZED

33 40 02 STORM DRAINAGE AND IRRIGATION; GRAVITY

33 71 02 UNDERGROUND ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION

DIVISION 35 - WATERWAY AND MARINE CONSTRUCTION

35 20 16 SLUICE GATES

35 20 16.53 VERTICAL LIFT GATES

DIVISION 43 - PROCESS GAS AND LIQUID HANDLING, PURIFICATION, AND STORAGE

EQUIPMENT

43 21 29 FLOW MEASURING EQUIPMENT

-- End of Project Table of Contents --

PROJECT TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 2

SECTION TABLE OF CONTENTS

DIVISION 01 - GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

SECTION 01 57 19

TEMPORARY ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS

PART 1 GENERAL

1.1 PAYMENT

1.2 REFERENCES

1.3 DEFINITIONS

1.3.1 Active Nest

1.3.2 Contractor Generated Hazardous Waste

1.3.3 Electronics Waste

1.3.4 Environmental Pollution and Damage

1.3.5 Environmental Protection

1.3.6 Harass Protected Species

1.3.7 Hazardous Debris

1.3.8 Hazardous Materials

1.3.9 Hazardous Waste

1.3.10 Inactive Nest

1.3.11 Land Application for Discharge Water

1.3.12 Listed Bird Species

1.3.13 Nesting Season

1.3.14 Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System (MS4) Permit

1.3.15 National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)

1.3.16 Oily Waste

1.3.17 Regulated Waste

1.3.18 Sediment

1.3.19 Solid Waste

1.3.19.1 Debris

1.3.19.2 Green Waste

1.3.19.3 Material not regulated as solid waste

1.3.19.4 Non-Hazardous Waste

1.3.19.5 Recyclables

1.3.19.6 Surplus Soil

1.3.19.7 Scrap Metal

1.3.19.8 Wood

1.3.20 Storm Water

1.3.21 Surface Discharge

1.3.22 Take

1.3.23 Trees

1.3.24 Wastewater

1.3.25 Waters of the United States

1.3.26 Wetlands

1.3.27 Universal Waste

1.4 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

1.4.1 Subcontractors

1.5 SUBMITTALS

1.6 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS

1.6.1 Environmentally Sensitive Areas

1.6.2 Protection of Features

SECTION 01 57 19 Page 1

1.7 SPECIAL ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS

1.8 QUALITY CONTROL

1.8.1 Regulatory Notifications

1.8.2 Environmental Brief

1.8.3 Environmental Management

1.8.4 Employee Training Records

1.8.5 Non-Compliance Notifications

1.9 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION PLAN

1.9.1 General Overview and Purpose

1.9.1.1 Descriptions

1.9.1.2 Duties

1.9.1.3 Procedures

1.9.1.4 Communications

1.9.1.5 Contact Information

1.9.2 General Site Information

1.9.2.1 Drawings

1.9.2.2 Work Area

1.9.2.3 Traffic Control Plan

1.9.3 Management of Natural Resources

1.9.4 Protection of Historical and Archaeological Resources

1.9.5 Storm Water Management and Control

1.9.6 Protection of the Environment from Waste Derived from

Contractor Operations

1.9.7 Non-Hazardous Solid Waste Disposal Plan

1.9.8 Spill Control Plan

1.9.9 Slurry Spill Contingency Plan

1.9.10 Prevention of Releases to the Environment

1.9.11 Regulatory Notification and Permits

1.9.12 Clean Air Act Compliance

1.9.12.1 Air Quality Control Plan

1.9.12.2 Contaminant Prevention Plan

1.9.12.3 Haul Route

1.9.12.4 Pollution Generating Equipment

1.9.12.5 Stationary Internal Combustion Engines

1.9.12.6 Air Pollution-engineering Processes

1.9.13 Waste Water Management Plan

1.9.14 Historical, Archaeological, and Cultural Resources, and

Biological Resources and Wetlands Protection Plans

1.9.15 Compliance

1.9.16 Appendix

1.10 LICENSES AND PERMITS

1.10.1 Section 401 Water Quality Certification

1.10.2 Air Quality

1.10.3 Asbestos Dust Mitigation

1.10.4 Portable Equipment Registration Program (PERP)

1.10.5 Construction General Permit (NPDES Permit)

1.10.6 Solid Waste Management Permit

1.10.6.1 Solid Waste Management Report

1.11 ENVIRONMENTAL RECORDS BINDER

1.12 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF CONTRACT DEVIATIONS

1.13 NOTIFICATION

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.1 COMPLIANT MATERIALS

2.2 PREVIOUSLY USED EQUIPMENT

2.3 REQUIREMENT FOR OFFSITE SOILS

2.3.1 General Chemical Sampling and Analysis Requirements

2.3.1.1 Borrow Site Soil Sampling and Analysis Work Plan

SECTION 01 57 19 Page 2

2.3.2 Sample Collection

2.3.3 Chemical Analyses

2.3.3.1 Soluble Constituent Analyses

2.3.4 Potential Contaminants of Concern and Screening Criteria

2.3.5 Sampling and Analytical Costs

2.3.6 Borrow Area Chemical Suitability Certification Report

PART 3 EXECUTION

3.1 PROTECTION OF NATURAL RESOURCES

3.1.1 Flow Ways

3.1.2 Vegetation

3.1.3 Streams

3.2 STORM WATER

3.3 LAND RESOURCES

3.3.1 Work Area Limits

3.3.2 Contractor Facilities and Work Areas

3.3.3 Landscape

3.3.4 Tree Protection

3.3.5 Erosion and Sediment Controls

3.4 WATER RESOURCES

3.4.1 Stream Crossings

3.4.2 Wetlands

3.4.3 Equipment, Fuel and Oil Requirements

3.5 ARCHAEOLOGICAL, HISTORICAL, AND CULTURAL RESOURCES

3.5.1 Unanticipated Discovery

3.6 ARCHAEOLOGICAL MONITOR

3.6.1 Archaeological Monitor Qualifications

3.6.2 Orientation

3.6.3 Archaeological Monitoring

3.6.4 Documentation Provided by the Government

3.6.5 Documentation Provided to the Government

3.7 TRIBAL MONITOR

3.7.1 Tribal Monitoring

3.7.2 Documentation Provided to the Government

3.8 BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES

3.8.1 Notification of Construction Activity for Biological Surveys

3.8.1.1 Notification of New Ground Disturbing Activities

3.8.1.2 Biological Survey Following Lapse in Construction

3.8.2 Government Environmental Representative

3.8.3 Special Status Species Regulatory Context

3.8.4 Biological Monitor

3.8.4.1 Biological Monitor Qualifications

3.8.5 Raptors and Migratory Birds

3.8.6 Valley Elderberry Longhorn Beetle

3.8.7 Giant Garter Snake

3.9 PROTOCOLS FOR AVOIDING AND MINIMIZING IMPACTS TO THREATENED,

ENDANGERED, AND SPECIAL STATUS SPECIES

3.9.1 General Prohibitions and Requirements

3.9.1.1 Worker Awareness Training

3.9.1.2 Ground Nesting Birds

3.9.1.3 Report Snakes

3.9.1.4 Buffer Zones

3.9.1.5 Areas of Sensitive Habitat

3.9.1.6 Clearing and Grubbing

3.9.1.7 Prevent Wildlife Entrapment

3.9.1.8 Haul Roads and Access Roads

3.9.2 Swainson's Hawk

3.9.2.1 Preconstruction Swainson's Hawk Nest Survey

SECTION 01 57 19 Page 3

3.9.2.2 Avoiding Active Swainson's Hawk Nests

3.9.3 Burrowing Owl

3.9.3.1 Preconstruction Burrowing Owl Survey

3.9.3.2 Avoiding and Monitoring Active Burrows

3.9.3.3 Burrowing Owl Monitor Qualifications

3.9.4 Other Raptors

3.9.4.1 Preconstruction Raptor Nests Survey

3.9.4.2 Raptor Nest Buffer Zone

3.9.5 Migratory Bird Nests

3.9.5.1 Preconstruction Migratory Bird Nest Survey

3.9.5.2 Avoiding and Monitoring Active Nests

3.9.5.3 Active Bird Nest Monitor Qualifications

3.9.6 Western Yellow-Billed Cuckoo (WYBC)

3.9.6.1 Suitable Habitat for Western Yellow-Billed Cuckoo

3.9.6.2 Detecting and Avoiding Yellow-Billed Cuckoo

3.9.6.3 Western Yellow-Billed Cuckoo Surveyor Requirements

3.9.7 Giant Garter Snake

3.9.7.1 Preconstruction Giant Garter Snake Survey

3.9.7.2 GGS Exclusion and Barrier Fencing

3.9.7.3 Avoiding GGS

3.9.7.4 Snakes in Burrows

3.9.8 Elderberry Shrubs

3.9.8.1 Fence Elderberry Shrubs

3.9.9 Tree-Roosting Bats

3.9.10 Contact Information

3.10 AIR RESOURCES

3.10.1 Preconstruction Air Permits

3.10.2 Air Quality Management District Authority to Construct/Permit to Operate

3.10.3 Portable Equipment Registration Program

3.10.4 Asbestos Dust Mitigation Plan and Application

3.10.5 Air Quality Control

3.10.5.1 NOx and PM Emissions

3.10.6 Dust Control

3.10.6.1 Particulates

3.10.6.2 PM10 Dust

3.10.6.3 Naturally Occurring Asbestos (NOA)

3.10.7 Odors

3.10.8 Burning

3.10.9 On-Road Equipment

3.10.10 Off-Road Diesel Powered Equipment

3.10.10.1 Visible Emissions

3.11 SOUND INTRUSION

3.11.1 Noise Monitoring

3.11.2 Heavy Truck Delivery Restrictions

3.12 TRAINING OF CONTRACTOR PERSONNEL

3.13 CHEMICAL MATERIALS MANAGEMENT AND WASTE DISPOSAL

3.13.1 Solid Wastes

3.13.2 Chemicals and Chemical Wastes

3.13.3 Contractor Generated Hazardous Wastes/Excess Hazardous

Materials

3.13.4 Fuel and Lubricants

3.14 RECYCLING AND WASTE MINIMIZATION

3.15 HAZARDOUS MATERIAL MANAGEMENT

3.16 HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES MANAGEMENT AND DISPOSAL

3.16.1 Spill Response and Notifications

3.16.2 Clean Up

3.16.3 Mercury Materials

3.16.4 Wastewater Treatment and Disposal

SECTION 01 57 19 Page 4

3.17 CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT OF ASBESTOS-CONTAINING MATERIAL (ACM)

3.18 CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT OF POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS (PCBS)

3.19 MAINTENANCE OF POLLUTION FACILITIES

3.20 PETROLEUM, OIL, LUBRICANT (POL) STORAGE AND FUELING

3.20.1 Used Oil Management

3.20.2 Oil Storage Including Fuel Tanks

3.21 INADVERTENT DISCOVERY OF PETROLEUM-CONTAMINATED SOIL OR HAZARDOUS

WASTES

3.22 POST CONSTRUCTION CLEANUP

ATTACHMENTS:

Imported Fill Chemical Screening Limits for the Sutter Basin Project

-- End of Section Table of Contents --

SECTION 01 57 19 Page 5

SECTION 01 57 19

TEMPORARY ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS

PART 1 GENERAL

1.1 PAYMENT

No separate payment will be made for work covered under this Section.

Payment of fees associated with environmental permits, application, and/or notices obtained by the Contractor, and payment of all fines/fees for violation or non-compliance with Federal, State, Regional and local laws and regulations are the Contractor's responsibility. Include all costs associated with this Section in the contract price.

1.2 REFERENCES

The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. The publications are referred to within the text by the basic designation only.

CALIFORNIA AIR RESOURCES BOARD (CARB)

CARB 13 CCR 2450-2466 Portable Equipment and Engine Registration

CARB 13 CCR 2485 Airborne Toxic Control Measure to Limit Diesel-Fueled Commercial Motor Vehicle Idling

CARB 17 CCR 93105 (2001) Asbestos ATCM for Construction, Grading, Quarrying, and Surface Mining Operations

CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND WILDLIFE (CDFW)

BUOW Mitigation Report (2012) Staff Report of Burrowing Owl Mitigation

CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME CODE

Code 2050-2115.5 California Endangered Species Act

Code 3503.5 Raptor Protection

CALIFORNIA HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE (CHSC)

CHSC Section 7050.5 DIVISION 7. DEAD BODIES, PART 2.

DISINTERMENT AND REMOVAL, CHAPTER 2.

GENERAL PROVISIONS, Section 7050.5

CHSC Section 7052 DIVISION 7. DEAD BODIES, PART 2.

DISINTERMENT AND REMOVAL, CHAPTER 2.

GENERAL PROVISIONS, Section 7052

CHSC Section 8100 DIVISION 8. CEMETARIES, PART 1. GENERAL

SECTION 01 57 19 Page 6

PROVISIONS, CHAPTER 1 Definitions

CALIFORNIA PUBLIC RESOURCES CODE (PRC)

PRC 5097.98 DIVISION 5. PARKS AND MONUMENTS, CHAPTER

1.75 Native American, Cultural, and Sacred

Sites

FEATHER RIVER AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT DISTRICT (FRAQMD)

NOx Mitigation FRAQMD Construction Emissions Mitigation

PERP Registration FRAQMD Portable Equipment Registration Program (PERP)

STATE OF CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CALTRANS)

CDT MUTCD (2014) California Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices

U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS (USACE)

EM 385-1-1 (2014) Safety and Health Requirements Manual

ERDC/EL TR-08-28 (2008) Regional Supplement to the Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual: Arid West Region (Version 2.0)

TR Y-87-1 (1987) Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation Manual

U.S. Code (USC)

16 USC 1531-1544 Endangered Species Act

16 USC 703-712 Migratory Bird Treaty Act

U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE (USFWS)

WYBC survey protocol (2015) A Natural History Summary and Survey Protocol for the Western Distinct Population Segment of the Yellow-billed Cuckoo: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Techniques and Methods

U.S. NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION (NARA)

33 CFR 328 Definitions of Waters of the United States

29 CFR 1910.120 Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response

40 CFR 112 Oil Pollution Prevention

40 CFR 261 Identification and Listing of Hazardous Waste

40 CFR 261.7 Residues of Hazardous Waste in Empty

SECTION 01 57 19 Page 7

Containers

40 CFR 263 Standards Applicable to Transporters of Hazardous Waste

40 CFR 273 Standards For Universal Waste Management

40 CFR 279 Standards for the Management of Used Oil

40 CFR 300 National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan

40 CFR 300.125 National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan - Notification and Communications

40 CFR 302 Designation, Reportable Quantities, and Notification

40 CFR 355 Emergency Planning and Notification

40 CFR 403 General Pretreatment Regulations for Existing and New Sources of Pollution

40 CFR 50 National Primary and Secondary Ambient Air Quality Standards

40 CFR 60 Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources

40 CFR 61 National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants

40 CFR 68 Chemical Accident Prevention Provisions

40 CFR 63 National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Source Categories

40 CFR 761 Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) Manufacturing, Processing, Distribution in Commerce, and Use Prohibitions

49 CFR 171 General Information, Regulations, and Definitions

49 CFR 172 Hazardous Materials Table, Special Provisions, Hazardous Materials Communications, Emergency Response Information, and Training Requirements

49 CFR 173 Shippers - General Requirements for Shipments and Packagings

50 CFR 10.12 Definitions for Taking, Possession, Transportation, Sale, Purchase, Barter, Exportation, and Importation of Wildlife and Plants

50 CFR 17.3 Additional Definitions for Endangered and

SECTION 01 57 19 Page 8

Threatened Wildlife and Plants

1.3 DEFINITIONS

1.3.1 Active Nest

Active nest refers to any bird nest with eggs or chicks present.

1.3.2 Contractor Generated Hazardous Waste

Contractor generated hazardous waste means materials that, if abandoned or disposed of, may meet the definition of a hazardous waste. These waste streams would typically consist of material brought on site by the Contractor to execute work, but are not fully consumed during the course of construction. Examples include, but are not limited to, excess paint thinners (i.e. methyl ethyl ketone, toluene etc.), waste thinners, excess paints, excess solvents, and waste solvents.

1.3.3 Electronics Waste

Electronics waste is discarded electronic devices intended for salvage, recycling, or disposal.

1.3.4 Environmental Pollution and Damage

Environmental pollution and damage is the presence of chemical, physical, or biological elements or agents which adversely affect human health or welfare; unfavorably alter ecological balances of importance to human life;

affect other species of importance to humankind; or degrade the environment aesthetically, culturally and/or historically.

1.3.5 Environmental Protection

Environmental protection is the prevention/control of pollution and habitat disruption or loss of habitat that may occur during construction. The control of environmental pollution, disruption or loss of habitat, and damage requires consideration of land, water, and air; biological and cultural resources; and includes management of visual aesthetics; noise;

solid, chemical, gaseous, and liquid waste; radiant energy and radioactive material as well as other pollutants.

1.3.6 Harass Protected Species

With respect to Threatened and Endangered wildlife species, harass means an intentional or negligent act or omission which creates the likelihood of injury to wildlife by annoying it to such an extent as to significantly disrupt normal behavioral patterns which include, but are not limited to, breeding, feeding or sheltering, in accordance with USFWS regulations 50 CFR 17.3. See also paragraph DEFINITIONS for Take.

1.3.7 Hazardous Debris

As defined in paragraph SOLID WASTE, debris that contains listed hazardous waste (either on the debris surface, or in its interstices, such as pore structure) in accordance with 40 CFR 261. Hazardous debris also includes debris that exhibits a characteristic of hazardous waste in accordance with

40 CFR 261.

SECTION 01 57 19 Page 9

1.3.8 Hazardous Materials

Hazardous materials as defined in 49 CFR 171 and listed in 49 CFR 172.

Hazardous material is any material that: Is regulated as a hazardous material in accordance with 49 CFR 173; or requires a Safety Data Sheet (SDS) in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.120; or during end use, treatment, handling, packaging, storage, transportation, or disposal meets or has components that meet or have potential to meet the definition of a hazardous waste as defined by 40 CFR 261 Subparts A, B, C, or D.

Designation of a material by this definition, when separately regulated or controlled by other sections or directives, does not eliminate the need for adherence to that hazard-specific guidance which takes precedence over this Section for "control" purposes. Such material includes ammunition, weapons, explosive actuated devices, propellants, pyrotechnics, chemical and biological warfare materials, medical and pharmaceutical supplies, medical waste and infectious materials, bulk fuels, radioactive materials, and other materials such as asbestos, mercury, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).

1.3.9 Hazardous Waste

Hazardous Waste is any material that meets the definition of a solid waste and exhibit a hazardous characteristic (ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, or toxicity) as specified in 40 CFR 261, Subpart C, or contains a listed hazardous waste as identified in 40 CFR 261, Subpart D.

1.3.10 Inactive Nest

Inactive nest refers to any bird nest without eggs or chicks present.

1.3.11 Land Application for Discharge Water

Land Application means spreading or spraying discharge water at a rate that allows the water to percolate into the soil. No sheeting action, soil erosion, discharge into storm sewers, discharge into defined drainage areas, or discharge into the "waters of the United States" is allowed.

Comply with Federal, State, and local laws and regulations.

1.3.12 Listed Bird Species

A listed bird species means any bird species classified as threatened or endangered by the Federal government or by the State of California; "listed bird species" also refers to any bird species classified as a Species of Special Concern by the State of California.

1.3.13 Nesting Season

Nesting season refers to the time of year when nesting birds are breeding, tending to eggs, and caring for their young in nests. Nesting season typically begins approximately February 15 (coinciding with lengthening daylight hours and warming temperatures), and continues approximately through September 1 for migratory birds. Swainsons hawk and other raptors nesting season is typically from March 1 through July 1.

1.3.14 Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System (MS4) Permit

MS4 permits are those held by installations to obtain NPDES permit coverage for their storm water discharges.

SECTION 01 57 19 Page 10

1.3.15 National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)

The NPDES permit program controls water pollution by regulating point sources that discharge pollutants into waters of the United States.

1.3.16 Oily Waste

Oily waste are those materials that are, or were, mixed with Petroleum, Oils, and Lubricants (POLs) and have become separated from that POLs. Oily wastes also means materials, including wastewaters, centrifuge solids, filter residues or sludges, bottom sediments, tank bottoms, and sorbents which have come into contact with and have been contaminated by, POLs and may be appropriately tested and discarded in a manner which is in compliance with other state and local requirements.

This definition includes materials such as oily rags, "kitty litter" sorbent clay and organic sorbent material. These materials may be land filled provided that: It is not prohibited in other state regulations or local ordinances; the amount generated is "de minimus" (a small amount); it is the result of minor leaks or spills resulting from normal process operations; and free-flowing oil has been removed to the practicable extent possible. Large quantities of this material, generated as a result of a major spill or in lieu of proper maintenance of the processing equipment, are a solid waste. As a solid waste, perform a hazardous waste determination prior to disposal. As this can be an expensive process, it is recommended that this type of waste be minimized through good housekeeping practices and employee education.

1.3.17 Regulated Waste

Regulated waste are solid wastes that have specific additional federal, state, or local controls for handling, storage, or disposal.

1.3.18 Sediment

Sediment is soil and other debris that have eroded and have been transported by runoff water or wind.

1.3.19 Solid Waste

Solid waste is a solid, liquid, semi-solid or contained gaseous waste. A solid waste can be a hazardous waste, non-hazardous waste, or non-Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) regulated waste. Types of solid waste typically generated at construction sites may include:

1.3.19.1 Debris

Debris is non-hazardous solid material generated during the construction, demolition, or renovation of a structure that exceeds 2.5-inch particle size that is: a manufactured object; plant or animal matter; or natural geologic material (for example, cobbles and boulders), broken or removed concrete, masonry, and rock asphalt paving; ceramics; roofing paper and shingles. Inert materials may not be reinforced with or contain ferrous wire, rods, accessories and weldments. A mixture of debris and other material such as soil or sludge is also subject to regulation as debris if the mixture is comprised primarily of debris by volume, based on visual inspection.

SECTION 01 57 19 Page 11

1.3.19.2 Green Waste

Green waste is the vegetative matter from landscaping, land clearing and grubbing, including, but not limited to, grass, bushes, scrubs, small trees and saplings, tree stumps and plant roots. Marketable trees, grasses and plants that are indicated to remain, be re-located, or be re-used are not included.

1.3.19.3 Material not regulated as solid waste

Material not regulated as solid waste is nuclear source or byproduct materials regulated under the Federal Atomic Energy Act of 1954 as amended;

suspended or dissolved materials in domestic sewage effluent or irrigation return flows, or other regulated point source discharges; regulated air emissions; and fluids or wastes associated with natural gas or crude oil exploration or production.

1.3.19.4 Non-Hazardous Waste

Non-hazardous waste is waste that is excluded from, or does not meet, hazardous waste criteria in accordance with 40 CFR 263.

1.3.19.5 Recyclables

Recyclables are materials, equipment and assemblies such as doors, windows, door and window frames, plumbing fixtures, glazing and mirrors that are recovered and sold as recyclable, wiring, insulated/non-insulated copper wire cable, wire rope, and structural components. It also includes commercial-grade refrigeration equipment with Freon removed, household appliances where the basic material content is metal, clean polyethylene terephthalate bottles, cooking oil, used fuel oil, textiles, high-grade paper products and corrugated cardboard, stackable pallets in good condition, clean crating material, and clean rubber/vehicle tires. Metal meeting the definition of lead contaminated or lead based paint contaminated may not be included as recyclable if sold to a scrap metal company. Paint cans that meet the definition of empty containers in accordance with 40 CFR 261.7 may be included as recyclable if sold to a scrap metal company.

1.3.19.6 Surplus Soil

Surplus soil is existing soil that is in excess of what is required for this work, including aggregates intended, but not used, for on-site mixing of concrete, mortars, and paving. Contaminated soil meeting the definition of hazardous material or hazardous waste is not included and must be managed in accordance with paragraph HAZARDOUS MATERIAL MANAGEMENT.

1.3.19.7 Scrap Metal

This includes scrap and excess ferrous and non-ferrous metals such as reinforcing steel, structural shapes, pipe, and wire that are recovered or collected and disposed of as scrap. Scrap metal meeting the definition of hazardous material or hazardous waste is not included.

1.3.19.8 Wood

Wood is dimension and non-dimension lumber, plywood, chipboard, hardboard.

Treated or painted wood that meets the definition of lead contaminated or lead based contaminated paint is not included. Treated wood includes, but

SECTION 01 57 19 Page 12 is not limited to, lumber, utility poles, crossties, and other wood products with chemical treatment.

1.3.20 Storm Water

Storm Water is any precipitation in an urban or suburban area that does not evaporate or soak into the ground, but instead collects and flows into storm drains, rivers, and streams. See Section 01 57 23 TEMPORARY STORM WATER POLLUTION CONTROL for construction storm water management requirements.

1.3.21 Surface Discharge

Surface discharge means discharge of water into drainage ditches, storm sewers, creeks or "waters of the United States." Surface discharges are discrete, identifiable sources and require a permit from the governing agency. Comply with federal, state, and local laws and regulations.

1.3.22 Take

With respect to legally protected imperiled species, take means to harass, harm, pursue, hunt, shoot, wound, kill, trap, capture, collect, or attempt to engage in any such conduct (Endangered Species Act, 16 USC 1531-1544).

Harm is further defined to include significant habitat modification or degradation that results in death or injury to listed species by significantly impairing essential behavioral patterns, including breeding, feeding, or sheltering.

1.3.23 Trees

Unless otherwise indicated, the terms "tree" or "trees" refers to any native woody plant species having a diameter at breast height (DBH) equal to or greater than 2 inches.

1.3.24 Wastewater

Wastewater is the used water and solids from a community that flow to a treatment plant.

1.3.25 Waters of the United States

Waters of the United States means Federally jurisdictional waters, including wetlands, that are subject to regulation under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act or navigable waters, as defined under the Rivers and Harbors Act and 33 CFR 328.

1.3.26 Wetlands

Wetlands are those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. Wetlands generally include swamps, seasonal, semi-permanent, and permanent marshes, and bogs, and thereby, are considered as waters of the United States. Official determination of whether or not an area is classified as a wetland must be done in accordance with TR Y-87-1 and the ERDC/EL TR-08-28. Use these documents to determine the limits or boundaries of jurisdictional Waters of the United States (which include wetlands).

SECTION 01 57 19 Page 13

1.3.27 Universal Waste

The universal waste regulations streamline collection requirements for certain hazardous wastes in the following categories: batteries, pesticides, mercury-containing equipment (for example, thermostats), and lamps (for example, fluorescent bulbs). The rule is designed to reduce hazardous waste in the municipal solid waste (MSW) stream by making it easier for universal waste handlers to collect these items and send them for recycling or proper disposal. These regulations can be found at

40 CFR 273.

1.4 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

Minimize environmental pollution and damage that may occur as the result of construction operations. Protect the environmental resources within the project boundaries and those affected outside the limits of permanent work during the entire duration of this contract. Comply with all applicable environmental Federal, State, local laws, regulations, and mitigation requirements. Any delays resulting from failure to comply with environmental laws and regulations will be the Contractor's responsibility.

1.4.1 Subcontractors

Ensure compliance with this Section by subcontractors.

1.5 SUBMITTALS

Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" designation.

Submit the following in accordance with Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL

PROCEDURES:

SD-01 Preconstruction Submittals

Borrow Area Chemical Suitability Certification Report; G

Borrow Site Soil Sampling and Analysis Work Plan; G

Preconstruction Survey; G

Solid Waste Management Permit; G

Regulatory Notifications; G

Environmental Protection Plan; G, DO

Dirt And Dust Control Plan; G

Air Quality Control Plan; G

Waste Water Management Plan; G

Asbestos Dust Mitigation Plan and Application; G, DO

Historical, Archaeological, And Cultural Resources Protection Plan;

G

Biological Resources And Wetlands Protection Plan; G

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Traffic Control Plan; G

Spill Control Plan; G

Slurry Spill Contingency Plan

Contaminant Prevention Plan; G

Credentials Of All Archaeological Monitor(s); G

Credentials Of All Burrowing Owl Monitor(s); G

Credentials Of All Bird Nest Monitor(s); G

Credentials Of All Biological Monitor(s); G

Permit To Operate; G

SD-06 Test Reports

Air Quality Control Plan Reports; G, DO

PERP Data; G

Solid Waste Disposal Report

Archaeological Monitoring Logs; G

SD-07 Certificates

Employee Training Records; G

SD-11 Closeout Submittals

Assembled Employee Training Records; G

Post-Construction Survey; G

Environmental Records Binder

Solid Waste Disposal Closeout Report

Summary Monitoring Report; G

1.6 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS

Provide and maintain, during the life of the contract, environmental protection as defined. Plan for and provide environmental protective measures to control pollution that develops during construction practice.

Plan for and provide environmental protective measures required to correct conditions that develop during the construction of permanent or temporary environmental features associated with the project. Protect the environmental resources within the project boundaries and those affected outside the limits of permanent work during the entire duration of this Contract. Comply with federal, state, and local regulations pertaining to the environment, including water, air, solid waste, hazardous waste and substances, oily substances, and noise pollution.

Tests and procedures assessing whether construction operations comply with

SECTION 01 57 19 Page 15 applicable environmental laws may be required. Qualified laboratories must perform the analytical work; and where required by law, the laboratories must be certified.

1.6.1 Environmentally Sensitive Areas

Environmentally sensitive areas are located along the landside of the levee and within the construction limit shown on the plans at the following locations (see plans Sheets V-100 series and C-100 series):

a. STA 312+00 to STA 307+00 (landside levee toe to construction limit);

b. STA 326+00 to STA 319+00 (landside levee toe to construction limit);

c. STA 418+00 to STA 411+00 (landside levee toe to construction limit);

d. And as otherwise identified by the Contracting Officer.

Ground disturbance activities through the sensitive areas noted above are limited to the following:

a. Installation and removal of fencing at the construction limit as shown or indicated.

b. Construction staging other than slurry ponds. Slurry ponds must be located outside of the limits noted above.

c. Stockpiling and removal of levee degrade material.

Complete preconstruction land surveys prior to the start of any ground disturbance activities, as outlined in Section 01 32 23 SURVEY AND LAYOUT DATA, and cross sectional surveys must be completed at a 10-ft interval through the sensitive areas noted above. Do not excavate or otherwise remove material below preconstruction grades as determine by the preconstruction surveys.

Provide the Contracting Officer a minimum of 3 days advance notice prior to removal of any stockpiled material within the limits noted above. Removal of any stockpiled material is prohibited without a Contracting Officer-approved Archaeological Monitor present. Leave in place a minimum of three inches of stockpiled material (measured perpendicular from preconstruction grades established by preconstruction surveys, to top of stockpiled material).

Complete post-construction cross sectional surveys, at 10-foot intervals through the sensitive areas identified above, to verify that finished grades are within the limits noted above. Submit final survey data and results to the Contracting Officer in accordance with Section 31 00 00 EARTHWORK and Section 01 32 23 SURVEY AND LAYOUT DATA.

1.6.2 Protection of Features

This paragraph supplements the Contract Clause PROTECTION OF EXISTING VEGETATION, STRUCTURES, EQUIPMENT, UTILITIES, AND IMPROVEMENTS. Prior to start of any onsite construction activities, the Contractor and the Contracting Officer will perform a joint Preconstruction Survey of the project site conditions together. During the joint condition survey, take photographs showing existing environmental conditions in and adjacent to the site. Immediately following the survey, prepare a brief

SECTION 01 57 19 Page 16

Preconstruction Survey report, including a plan describing the features requiring protection under the provisions of the Contract Clauses, which are not specifically identified on the drawings as environmental features requiring protection along with the condition of trees, shrubs and grassed areas immediately adjacent to the site of work and adjacent to the assigned storage area(s) and access route(s) as applicable. Both the Contractor and the Contracting Officer will sign this survey report upon mutual agreement as to its accuracy and completeness. Protect those environmental features included in the survey report and any indicated on the drawings, regardless of interference which their preservation may cause to the work under the contract.

1.7 SPECIAL ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS

PROTOCOLS FOR AVOIDING AND MINIMIZING IMPACTS TO THREATENED, ENDANGERED,

AND SPECIAL STATUS SPECIES in PART 3 notwithstanding, comply with the terms and conditions, including implementing all requirements and obligations included in the USFWS Biological Opinion and the National Marine Fisheries Service Concurrence Letter for the Feather River West Levee Project.

Comply with the terms and conditions of the CDFW Streambed Alteration Agreement and CVRWQCB (Central Valley Regional Water Quality Control Board) Section 401 Water Quality Certification for the Sutter Basin Flood Risk Management Project, and CDFW Incidental Take Permit for the Feather River West Levee Project. Copies of these permits and agreements will be provided prior to the start of construction.

1.8 QUALITY CONTROL

1.8.1 Regulatory Notifications

Provide regulatory notification requirements in accordance with federal, state and local regulations. In cases where the Government will also provide public notification (such as storm water permitting), coordinate with the Contracting Officer. Submit copies of regulatory notifications to the Contracting Officer within 2 calendar days prior to commencement of work activities. Typically, provide regulatory notifications for the following (this listing is not all-inclusive): demolition, renovation, NPDES defined site work, construction, removal or use of a permitted air emissions source, and remediation of controlled substances (asbestos, hazardous waste, lead paint).

1.8.2 Environmental Brief

Attend an environmental brief included in the preconstruction meeting.

Provide the following information: types, quantities, and use of hazardous materials that will be brought onto the construction site (if any); and types and quantities of wastes/wastewater that may be generated during the Contract. Discuss the results of the Preconstruction Survey at this time.

Prior to initiating any work on site, meet with the Contracting Officer and the Resident Office to discuss the proposed Environmental Protection Plan (EPP). Develop a mutual understanding relative to the details of environmental protection, including measures for protecting natural and cultural resources, required reports, required permits, permit requirements (such as mitigation measures), and other measures to be taken.

1.8.3 Environmental Management

Contractor is responsible for compliance with applicable federal, state, SECTION 01 57 19 Page 17 and local environmental pollution and natural resources protection requirements. Ensure compliance with Hazardous Waste Program requirements (including hazardous waste handling, storage, manifesting, and disposal);

implement the EPP; ensure environmental permits are obtained, maintained, and closed out; ensure compliance with Storm Water Program requirements;

ensure compliance with Hazardous Materials (storage, handling, and reporting) requirements; and coordinate any remediation of regulated substances (lead, asbestos, PCB transformers). Ensure Contractor personnel are trained in 40 CFR requirements in accordance with their position requirements; coordinate removal of waste containers; and maintain the Environmental Records binder and required documentation, including environmental permits compliance and close-out.

1.8.4 Employee Training Records

Prepare and maintain Employee Training Records throughout the term of the contract meeting applicable 40 CFR requirements. Provide Employee Training Records in the Environmental Records Binder. Submit these Assembled Employee Training Records to the Contracting Officer at the conclusion of the project, unless otherwise directed by the Contracting Officer.

Train personnel to meet federal, state, and local requirements. Conduct environmental protection/pollution control meetings for personnel prior to commencing construction activities. Contact additional meetings for new personnel and when site conditions change. Include in the training and meeting agenda: methods of detecting and avoiding pollution;

familiarization with statutory and contractual pollution standards;

installation and care of devices, vegetative covers, and instruments required for monitoring purposes to ensure adequate and continuous environmental protection/pollution control; anticipated hazardous or toxic chemicals or wastes, and other regulated contaminants; recognition and protection of archaeological sites, artifacts, waters of the United States, threatened, endangered, and protected species and their habitat that are known to be in the area.

1.8.5 Non-Compliance Notifications

The Contracting Officer will notify the Contractor in writing of any observed noncompliance with federal, state or local environmental laws or regulations, permits, and other elements of the Contractor's EPP. After receipt of such notice, inform the Contracting Officer of the proposed corrective action and take such action when approved by the Contracting Officer. The Contracting Officer may issue an order stopping all or part of the work until satisfactory corrective action has been taken. No time extensions will be granted or equitable adjustments allowed for any such suspensions. This is in addition to any other actions the Contracting Officer may take under the contract, or in accordance with the Federal Acquisition Regulation or Federal Law.

1.9 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION PLAN

The purpose of the EPP is to present an overview of known or potential environmental issues that must be considered and addressed during construction. Include in the EPP measures for protecting natural and cultural resources, required reports, and other measures to be taken. Meet with the Contracting Officer or Contracting Officer Representative to discuss the EPP and develop a mutual understanding relative to the details for environmental protection including measures for protecting natural resources, required reports, and other measures to be taken. Submit the

SECTION 01 57 19 Page 18

EPP within 30 days after execution of notice to proceed. Define issues of concern within the EPP as outlined in this Section. Address each topic at a level of detail commensurate with the environmental issue and required construction task(s). Identify and discuss topics or issues which are not identified in this Section, but are considered necessary after those items formally identified in this Section. The Environmental Engineer must meet the respective Experience Matrix requirements of Section 01 45 00 QUALITY CONTROL. Develop, enforce, and revise the EPP throughout the project to include any reporting requirements, changes in site conditions, or contract modifications that change the project scope of work in a way that could have an environmental impact. No requirement in this Section will relieve the Contractor of any applicable federal, state, and local environmental protection laws and regulations.

Conduct an EPP meeting one week after Notice To Proceed (NTP) is executed by the Contracting Officer. Request and schedule the meeting to be held at the Resident Office. The following contractor representatives must be present: the Project Manager (or appropriate technical person), and the environmental staff. Prepare to discuss implementation of the initial EPP;

the process for future subsequent additions and revisions to the plan as necessary, including any reporting requirements; and methods for administration of the Environmental Plans. This meeting is required prior to Government approval of the EPP submittal.

The EPP includes, but is not limited to, the following elements:

1.9.1 General Overview and Purpose

1.9.1.1 Descriptions

A brief description of each specific plan required by environmental permit or elsewhere in this Contract, such as storm water pollution prevention plan; spill control plan; solid waste management plan; wastewater management plan; air pollution control plan; historical, archaeological, and cultural resources plan; biological resources and wetlands protection plan; traffic control plan; Non-Hazardous Solid Waste Disposal Plan; and borrowing material plan.

1.9.1.2 Duties

The duties and level of authority assigned to the person(s) on the job site who oversee environmental compliance, such as who is responsible for adherence to the EPP, who is responsible for spill cleanup and training personnel on spill response procedures, who is responsible for manifesting hazardous waste to be removed from the site (if applicable), and who is responsible for training the Contractor's environmental protection personnel.

a. Name(s) and qualifications of person(s) within the Contractor's organization who is(are) responsible for ensuring adherence to the EPP.

b. Name(s) and qualifications of person(s) responsible for manifesting hazardous waste to be removed from the site, if applicable.

c. Name(s) and qualifications of person(s) responsible for training the Contractor's environmental protection personnel.

d. Description of the Contractor's environmental protection personnel training program.

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1.9.1.3 Procedures

A copy of any standard or project-specific operating procedures that will be used to effectively manage and protect the environment on the project site.

1.9.1.4 Communications

Communication and training procedures that will be used to convey environmental management requirements to Contractor employees and subcontractors.

1.9.1.5 Contact Information

Emergency contact information contact information (office phone number, cell phone number, and e-mail address).

1.9.2 General Site Information

1.9.2.1 Drawings

Include drawings showing locations of:

a. Proposed temporary excavations or embankments for haul roads, stream crossings

b. Jurisdictional wetlands

c. Material storage areas

d. Structures

e. Sanitary facilities

f. Storm drains and conveyances

g. Stockpiles of excess soil or spoil materials, including methods to control runoff and to contain materials on the site

h. In-water structures

i. Equipment locations

j. Material placement and disposal sites

k. Borrow areas

1.9.2.2 Work Area

Work area plan showing the proposed activity in each portion of the area and identify the areas of limited use or nonuse. Include measures for marking the limits of use areas, including methods for protection of features to be preserved within authorized work areas and methods to control runoff and to contain materials on site, and a traffic control plan.

1.9.2.3 Traffic Control Plan

Develop a Traffic Control Plan before start of construction activities and

SECTION 01 57 19 Page 20 submit for approval. Include measures to reduce erosion of temporary roadbeds by construction traffic, especially during wet weather. Also include measures to minimize the amount of mud transported onto paved public roads by vehicles or runoff. Provide a copy of the Haul Route Plan submittal per Section 01 50 00 TEMPORARY CONSTRUCTION FACILITIES AND CONTROLS, Construction Site Plan (see also Haul Route, under Clean Air Act Compliance paragraph below). Provide temporary traffic control devices as required with the CDT MUTCD. As appropriate, include slow-moving-vehicle warning signs, barriers for separating construction and non-construction traffic, use of traffic-control flagmen, and any additional measures required for the sole convenience of non-construction traffic to safely pass through and around construction areas and access points thereto.

Implement the following measures:

a. Control traffic during mobilization, de-mobilization, and hauling activities, leading from the primary access road(s) and extending beyond the ingress and egress locations to the construction area. This includes the use of flagmen, signs, and/or limiting speeds to 15 m.p.h.

as best management practices.

b. Schedule heavy truck traffic, unloading and hauling during non-peak periods. Schedule worker shift changes so as not to coincide with existing background traffic peak periods. Commence required bulk hauling of construction materials as soon as on-site storage and staging areas are developed. Spread out the the required bulk hauling over a longer period of time to minimize impacts to the existing facilities. Include video or photos of the private and public roads used for construction access and hauling, and features to be protected in the Preconstruction Survey. Document the same features and submit post-construction survey after completion of construction. Repair all roads damaged during construction activities and daily sweep clean any mud or dirt it leaves on paved roads.

c. Coordinate emergency response vehicle routes with local emergency response agencies regarding any routes affected by construction traffic or closures. If additional haul routes are proposed, utilize routes where existing roadways would result in the least amount of impact to existing background traffic.

d. Expand existing intersections used for project access as required by Caltrans, the Contracting Officer, and County and City to reduce traffic conflicts and congestions and increase road safety for project and background traffic.

e. Encourages or facilitates ride-sharing among construction personnel to reduce worker commute trips entering and exiting the project area.

1.9.3 Management of Natural Resources

a. Land resources

b. Tree protection

c. Replacement of damaged landscape features

d. Temporary construction

e. Stream crossings

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f. Fish and wildlife resources

g. Wetland areas

1.9.4 Protection of Historical and Archaeological Resources

a. Objectives

b. Methods

1.9.5 Storm Water Management and Control

A copy of the approved project SWPPP submittal per Section 01 57 23

TEMPORARY STORM WATER POLLUTION CONTROL.

1.9.6 Protection of the Environment from Waste Derived from Contractor Operations

Control and disposal of solid and sanitary waste. Control and disposal of hazardous waste. Take sufficient measures to prevent spillage of hazardous and toxic materials during dispensing. Segregate hazardous waste from other materials and wastes, protect it from the weather by placing it in a safe covered location, and take precautionary measures such as berming or other appropriate measures against accidental spillage.

1.9.7 Non-Hazardous Solid Waste Disposal Plan

Non-hazardous solid waste disposal plan identifying methods and locations for solid waste disposal including clearing debris and schedules for disposal.

a. Identify any subcontractors responsible for the transportation and disposal of solid waste. Submit licenses or permits for solid waste disposal sites that are not a commercial operating facility.

b. Attach evidence of the disposal facility's acceptance of the solid waste to this plan during the construction.

c. A recycling and solid waste minimization plan with a list of measures to reduce consumption of energy and natural resources. Detail in the plan the Contractor's actions to comply with and to participate in Federal, State, Regional, and local Government sponsored recycling programs to reduce the volume of solid waste at the source.

1.9…