Standard Specification for Steel Castings Carbon for General Application.pdf

Designation: A27/A27M − 20

Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, for General Application1

This standard is issued under the fixed designation A27/A27M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.

A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.

1. Scope*

1.1 This specification covers carbon steel castings for gen-

eral applications that require up to 70 ksi (485 MPa) minimum tensile strength.

NOTE 1—The grades covered by this specification represent materials that are suitable for assembly with other steel castings or wrought steel parts by fusion welding. It is not intended to imply that all these grades possess the same degree of weldability or that the same welding techniques can be used on all castings. It is the responsibility of the purchaser to establish for himself a suitable welding technique.

1.2 Several grades and two classes of steel castings are

covered, as indicated below. The grade and class desired shall be specified by the purchaser.

1.2.1 Grade N-1—Chemical analysis only.

1.2.2 Grade N-2—Heat treated but not mechanically tested.

1.2.3 Grade U-60-30 [415-205]—Mechanically tested but

not heat treated.

1.2.4 Grades 60-30 [415-205], 65-35 [450-240], 70-36

[485-250], and 70-40 [485-275]—Heat treated and mechani-cally tested.

1.2.5 Class 1 and Class 2 steel castings shall be specified in accordance with 9.2.

1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units

are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.

1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the

safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-

dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

2. Referenced Documents

2.1 ASTM Standards:2

A781/A781M Specification for Castings, Steel and Alloy, Common Requirements, for General Industrial Use

A957/A957M Specification for Investment Castings, Steel and Alloy, Common Requirements, for General Industrial Use

3. General Conditions for Delivery

3.1 Except for steel investment castings, material furnished

to this specification shall conform to the requirements of Specification A781/A781M, including any supplementary re-quirements that are indicated in the purchase order. Failure to comply with the general requirements of Specification A781/ A781M constitutes nonconformance with the specification. In case of a conflict between the requirements of this specification and Specification A781/A781M, this specification shall pre-vail.

3.2 Steel investment castings furnished to this specification shall conform to the requirements of Specification A957/ A957M, including any supplementary requirements that are indicated in the purchase order. Failure to comply with the common requirements of Specification A957/A957M consti-tutes nonconformance with this specification. In case of con-flict between the requirements of this specification and Speci-fication A957/A957M, Specification A957/A957M shall prevail.

4. Ordering Information

4.1 Orders for material under this specification should

include the following information in proper sequence.

4.1.1 Quantity, 1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.18 on Castings.

Current edition approved May 1, 2020. Published May 2020. Originally approved in 1901. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as A27/A27M – 19. DOI:

10.1520/A0027_A0027M-20.

2 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1.2 Specification, grade (1.2), and class (9.2),

4.1.3 Description of the casting by pattern number or

drawing,

4.1.4 Options in the specification, and

4.1.5 Supplementary requirements desired, including stan-

dards of acceptance.

5. Heat Treatment

5.1 All castings of Grades N-2, 60-30 [415-205], 65-35

[450-240], 70-36 [485-250], and 70-40 [485-275] shall be heat treated by annealing, normalizing, normalizing and tempering, or quenching and tempering. Unless otherwise specified in the inquiry, contract, or order, the castings may be heat treated by any one or combination of these heat treatments at the option of the manufacturer.

5.1.1 Heat treatment shall be performed after castings have

been allowed to cool from the pouring temperature to below the transformation range.

5.2 Furnace temperatures for heat treating shall be regulated by the use of pyrometers.

6. Chemical Composition

6.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements as to

chemical composition prescribed in Table 1. Product analysis tolerances shall conform to the Product Analysis Tolerances shown in Specification A781/A781M or Specification A957/ A957M. When residual element chemical content is of interest to the purchaser, S54 may be considered.

7. Tensile Properties

7.1 Except for Grades N-1 and N-2, one tension test shall be

performed on each heat and the mechanical properties shall conform to the requirements specified in Table 2.

7.2 Test coupons may be cut from the heat-treated (if

required) castings at the producer’s option.

8. Retests

8.1 If any specimen is machined improperly or if flaws are

revealed by machining or during testing, the specimen may be discarded and another substituted from the same heat.

8.2 At the manufacturer’s option, castings may be reheat

treated and retested. When castings are reheat treated, they may not be re-austenitized more than three times without the approval of the purchaser. Testing after reheat treatment shall consist of the full number of specimens taken from locations complying with the specification or order.

9. Rework and Retreatment

9.1 All welds shall be inspected to the same quality stan-

dards as were used to inspect the casting.

9.2 If post-weld heat treatment is required, Class 1 must be

specified along with the grade, and the welds to be heat treated must be defined. If post-weld heat treatment is not required, Class 2 must be specified along with the grade.

10. Keywords

10.1 castings; general application; steel

TABLE 1 Chemical Composition RequirementsA

Grade (UNS Number)B Element, %

CarbonC ManganeseC Phosphorus Sulfur Silicon

N-1 (J02500) 0.25 0.75 0.035 0.035 0.80 N-2 (J03500) 0.35 0.60 0.035 0.035 0.80 U-60-30 [415-205] (J02500) 0.25 0.75 0.035 0.035 0.80 60-30 [415-205] (J03000) 0.30 0.60 0.035 0.035 0.80 65-35 [450-240] (J03001) 0.30 0.70 0.035 0.035 0.80 70-36 [485-250] (J03501) 0.35 0.70 0.035 0.035 0.80 70-40 [485-275] (J02501) 0.25 1.20 0.035 0.035 0.80 A All values are maximums.

B Specify Class 1 or Class 2 in addition to grade designation (see 9.2).

C For each reduction of 0.01 % carbon below the maximum specified, an increase of 0.04 % manganese above the maximum specified will be permitted to a maximum of 1.40 % for Grade 70-40 [485-275] and 1.00 % for the other grades.

A27/A27M − 20

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SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

The following supplementary requirements shall not apply unless specified in the purchase order. A list of standardized supplementary requirements for use at the option of the purchaser is included in Specification A781/A781M for sand castings, or in Specification A957/A957M for investment castings. Those which are ordinarily considered suitable for use with this specification are given below. Others enumerated in Specification A781/A781M or in Specification A957/A957M may be used with this specification upon agreement between the manufacturer and purchaser.

S1. Magnetic Particle Examination

S2. Radiographic Examination

S3. Liquid Penetrant Examination

S4. Ultrasonic Examination

S6. Certification

S8. Marking

S9. Charpy Impact Test

S10. Hardness Test

S12. Test Report

S13. Unspecified Elements

S14. Tension Test from Castings

S51. Permissible Variations in Dimensional Tolerances for Castings Made from Mounted Patterns

S51.1 Tolerances for commercial steel castings (S51.1.1) made from mounted patterns and the surfaces that are not to be machined shall be in accordance with Table S51.1. Metal match plate patterns and precise molding methods can produce closer tolerances than the values shown in Table S51.1.

Complex casting designs may require different permissible variations than those listed in Table S51.1.

S51.1.1 The term “commercial castings” does not cover castings requiring special fixtures for gaging, or finishing castings by grinding to special tolerance gages beyond the normal requirements as listed in Table S51.1.

S52. Gate and Riser Projections for Castings Made from Mounted Patterns

S52.1 Castings shall have gates and risers removed in such a manner that no riser or gate stub projects or a depression is made beyond or below the casting design contour in an amount that would exceed the values given in Table S52.1.

TABLE 2 Tensile RequirementsA

GradeB Tensile

Strength, ksi (MPa)

Yield Strength, ksi (MPa)C

Elongation in 2 in. (50 mm), %D

Reduction of Area, %

U-60-30 (415-205)

60 (415) 30 (205) 22 30

60-30 (415-205)

60 (415) 30 (205) 24 35

65-35 (450-240)

65 (450) 35 (240) 24 35

70-36 (485-250)

70 (485) 36 (250) 22 30

70-40 (485-275)E

70 (485) 40 (275) 22 30

A All values are minimums.

B Specify Class 1 or Class 2 in addition to grade designation (see 9.2).

C Determine by the 0.2 % offset method.

D When ICI test bars are used in tensile testing as provided for in this specification, the gage length to reduced section diameter ratio shall be 4 to 1.

E Grade 70-40 [485-275] may be used to meet the requirement of Grade 70-36 [485-250], when agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.

TABLE S51.1 Normally Expected Deviation of Linear Casting Dimensions from Design Dimensions

Blueprint Dimension, in. (mm) Tolerances, in. (mm)

Up to 3 (75), incl +4⁄32 (3) −3⁄32 (2) Over 3 to 7 (75 to 175), incl +5⁄32 (4) −4⁄32 (3) Over 7 to 20 (175 to 500), incl +6⁄32 (5) −5⁄32 (4) Over 20 to 100 (500 to 2500), incl +8⁄32 (6) −6⁄32 (5)

TABLE S52.1 Gate and Riser Projection Tolerances

Riser or Gate Maximum Dimension, in. (mm)

Maximum Projection,

in. (mm)

Maximum Depression,

in. (mm)

Up to 4 (100), incl 1⁄8 (3) 1⁄8 (3) Over 4 to 8 (100 to 200), incl 1⁄4 (6) 1⁄8 (3) Over 8 to 20 (200 to 500), incl 3⁄8 (10) 1⁄8 (3) Over 20 to 30 (500 to 750), incl 1⁄2 (13) 1⁄4 (6) Over 30 (750) 3⁄4 (19) 1⁄4 (6)

A27/A27M − 20

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S53. Weight Deviation for Castings Made from Mounted Patterns

S53.1 The allowable deviations from the average casting weight are shown in Table S53.1.

S54. Chemical Analysis for Residual Elements

S54.1 The manufacturer shall determine the percentage of elements specified as follows, using procedures specified in Specification A781/A781M or Specification A957/A957M.

The chemical analysis thus determined shall conform to the following requirements:

Copper, max, % 0.50 Nickel, max, % 0.50 Molybdenum, max, % 0.25 Chromium, max, % 0.50

S54.2 Total content of these residual elements, maximum percent 1.00.

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (A27/A27M – 19) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved May 1, 2020.)

(1) Updated footnotes and headings in Table 1 and Table 2 for consistency with other standards as directed by Subcommittee A01.18.

(2) Changed “yield point” to “yield strength” in Table 2 for consistency with other A01.18 standards.

Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (A27/A27M – 17) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Sep. 1, 2019.)

(1) Removed “full” from 5.1, since it is redundant as per Terminology A941.

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TABLE S53.1 Allowable DeviationA from Average Casting Weight

Casting Weight, lb (kg) Positive

Deviation, % Negative

Deviation, %

Up to 100 (45), incl 8.0 8.0 Over 100 to 500 (45 to 230), incl 6.5 5.0 Over 500 to 10 000 (230 to 4540), incl 5.0 3.0 Over 10 000 (4540) 3.0 2.5 A Deviations do not apply to mass as calculated from a design drawing.

A27/A27M − 20

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