SOW_Kiilae_Cultural_Inventory.docx

STATEMENT OF WORK

Cultural Resources Inventory of 63-acres within the Kiʻilae Acquisition Area Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park (PUHO) National Park Service

C.1 - INTRODUCTION

C.1.1 - Background

The National Park Service (NPS) is required, under Section 110 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (as amended; 54 U.S.C. 100101) (NHPA) to implement a preservation program for the identification, evaluation, protection, and nomination to the National Register historic properties under its ownership or control. In 2006, Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park (PUHO or the Park) expanded its boundary to include a greater portion of Kiʻilae ahupuaʻa. The area inlcuded in the expansion extends to the east and upland in the southern portion of the Park within Kiʻilae ahupuaʻa to approximately 600-ft in elevation. In addition to the newly acquired parcel, the Park also obtained a 50-ft wide access easement to the parcel from Highway 11. Since its acquisition, the Park has been actively engaged in a program of inventory and evaluation of cultural resources within these lands. Information obtained from these projects can then be used to inform long-term preservation management for the area. This project will conduct an intensive cultural resource inventory within 63-acres in the easternmost portion of the aquisition area, as well as within the access easement to the parcel.

Intensive cultural resource inventory is guided by the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards and Guidelines for Identification, Evaluation, and Documentation (Directors Order 28, Appendix C, 1998), as well as applicable Hawaiʻi State guidance found in Procedures and Guidelines for Archaeological Survey and Inventory in Hawaiʻi. In addition to these general guidelines, Park specific standards and procedures also apply.

C.1.2 – Project Overview/Objectives

The National Park Service is requesting an intensive cultural resources inventory of 63-acres of land within Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park. The inventory area consists of a single block area of 60-acres in addition to a connected 3-acre access corridor for a total survey area of 63-acres.

The cultural inventory work detailed here is being carried out in support of the Park’s efforts to proactively inventory, document, and assess cultural resources under its jurisdiction. Specifically, the work will entail intensive cultural resource inventory of 63-acres within the Kiʻilae acquisition area. The work will include pedestrian survey, resource identification, documentation, and reporting, meeting the specifications detailed in this document. The project will not include subsurface testing, cave exploration/mapping, or artifact collection.

The fieldwork will be completed to meet the reporting deadlines described below. All reports and supporting documents will meet guidelines established by the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards and Guidelines for Identification, Evaluation, and Documentation (Directors Order 28, Appendix C, 1998), applicable Hawaiʻi State guidance, and PUHO Standards and Procedures.

C.1.3 - Location of Project

The project area is located within Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park, approximately 23 miles south of the city of Kailua-Kona, HI within the South Kona District of the Island of Hawaiʻi (Map 1). The survey area encompasses portions of two Tax Map Key (TMK) numbers, 3-8-5-005:022 and 3-8-5-006:034 (Map 4) within Kiʻilae ahupuaʻa (Map 3). Primary access is via the access easement off Highway 11 between the 103 and 104 mile-markers (Map 2, 3, 4, & 5). There is no formal parking area or vehicular access off the highway at the easement location. The easement is not developed and is restricted to pedestrian access. In addition to the 50-ft wide easement itself, the block 60-acre inventory area is located 0.5 miles west of the highway. Alternate access can be made through the park itself via the 1871 Trail (Map 2). Pedestrian access can be made beginning at the 1871 trailhead, hiking south for approximately 0.85 miles, then turning east/upland and hiking cross-country an additional 0.85 miles. The eastern 0.85 miles is not along a maintained trail and the area is typically covered by dense brushy vegetation.

Access to the survey area through private property within Kiʻilae Farms Subdivision located adjacent, directly south of the park has not been secured nor can it be provided by the NPS at this time. The only guaranteed access routes to the survey area are those indicated above.

This survey will be conducted in two parts that total 63-acres. The first part consists of a 50-foot wide, 3-acre access easement corridor that connects the Kiʻilae acquisition parcel to Highway 11 (along the north boundary of 3-8-5-006:034). The second part consists of a 60-acre block survey of the uppermost portion of the Kiʻilae acquisition parcel, bounded to the north, south, and east by private property (eastern portion of 3-8-5-005:022) (Map 4). Generally, the block survey area occurs between 500- and 600-feet in elevation, and the access easement between 600- and 900-feet in elevation (Map 4). A GIS shapefile of the survey area is available upon request (contact Shane Rumsey, Project Inspector). The survey area will not be marked or flagged by the NPS on the ground at the time of inventory.

Topography is generally gradual- to moderate-sloping volcanic slope with areas of cliffy outcrop. Vegetation is generally introduced and invasive and typically includes a dense distribution of Guinea grass (Megathyrsus maximus), ēkoa (Leucauna leucocephala), ʻopiuma (Manila tamarind or Pithecellobium dulce), and kiawe (Prosopis pallida).

C.1.4 - Scope of Contract

Proposed Intensive Inventory. The area to be inventoried is 63-acres (Map 2, 3, & 4). The survey area may include cultural resources dating to both the precontact and postcontact periods. Resource types that may be present include but are not limited to enclosures, walls, mounds, modified outcrops, pavements, terraces, platforms, petroglyphs, trails, modified lava blisters, utilized lava tubes, and rock alignments. These features may represent a wide variety of functions.

Fieldwork will be completed to meet the reporting deadlines described below.

C.1.5 - Contract Requirements

· The selected archaeological consultant must hold or be able to obtain a current Permit to Conduct Archaeological Activities in the State of Hawaii issued by the State of Hawaiʻi Department of Land and Natural Resources Historic Preservation Division prior to starting fieldwork.

· All individuals responsible for supervising fieldwork; planning; report preparation and approval; evaluations; recommendations, etc. will meet the Secretary of the Interior’s Professional Qualifications Standards for Archeology (36 CFR Part 61). This person or persons will be responsible for all work done by employees or subcontractors. Accuracy of all documents and related forms associated with this contract are the responsibility of the authors and the individual responsible for carrying out the terms and conditions of the State Permit.

· Contractor will provide all labor, supplies, and equipment necessary to conduct an intensive cultural resource inventory and produce the associated cultural resource inventory reports, resource forms, and GIS deliverables.

· Prior to fieldwork, the contractor will be responsible for contacting the PUHO archaeologist to discuss scheduling and procedures for completing the pre-field records search/literature review.

· This contract will result in three deliverables due on the schedule in the reporting section below: 1) a preliminary letter report, 2) a draft final report, draft resource forms, and draft geospatial data, and 3) a final report, associated resource forms, & geospatial data.

C.1.6 Description of work

Work will be conducted in accordance with the terms found in this SOW in addition to the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards and Guidelines for Identification, Evaluation, and Documentation (Directors Order 28, Appendix C, 1998), and applicable Hawaiʻi State guidance.

Literature Review/Records Search:

The purpose of the records search is to develop a context to generate expectations and frame the results discussion in the completion report. The contractor will be responsible for checking historical maps (survey, topographic, ethnographic, archeological, etc.) and associated records which may include aerial imagery, boundary commission testimonies, mahele records, land patents, in addition to NPS – PUHO cultural resource files, and Hawaii State records. As applicable, historical information and maps will be included and attached to associated site records where historic features are extant (i.e. roads, trails, or structures) or where historic artifact scatters are spatially associated with historically mapped features.

A complete list of the previous surveys and site and feature numbers found during the literature search are expected to be included in table format in the body or appendix of the report, in addition to a summary discussion in the text.

The contractor will coordinate with the PUHO archaeologist/Project Inspector to retrieve pertinent resource data from the PUHO cultural resource files. The literature review (records search) must be conducted prior to starting fieldwork.

Field Inventory:

· An intensive inventory will be conducted to identify, record, and evaluate all cultural resources greater than 50 years old. Field survey shall use pedestrian transects, and crew spacing will not exceed 5-10 meters. Depending on vegetation and surface visibility a closer transect spacing may be warranted to ensure 100% coverage. All fieldwork and associated documentation will be performed to applicable professional standards.

If the field crew has any concerns or questions regarding the interpretation of the NPS procedures and standards, it is the contractor’s responsibility to coordinate with the Project Inspector in determining how to manage questions regarding the inventory, recording of sites/features, determining resource boundaries, etc.

· Previously identified features within the survey area will re-visited, re-evaluated, and fully documented as part of this project. Where possible, new documentation will be correlated with previous recordation/ identification.

· All features identified within the inventory area will be documented in their entirety, even if the features extend beyond the defined boundary of the survey. Exceptions include if features extend beyond the park boundary onto private land. Work on adjacent private lands except within the defined access easement is not expected or authorized. However, feature descriptions will thoroughly describe a feature’s relationship with the park boundary and, if known, describe its likely characteristics beyond the boundary. Linear features/sites including but not limited to walls, trails, & roads do not need to be fully documented beyond the boundary of the project area; however, an effort should be made to fully develop a context within which to assess feature segments occurring within the project area. This may include using aerial or satellite imagery to provide context regarding overall feature length and characteristics.

· No permanent datum will be installed at any site or feature; however, a GPS (virtual) datum with UTM coordinates is required and must be included in each site plan map.

· The potential exists within the project area to encounter lava tubes or blisters that contain cultural materials or have been culturally modified. Entry locations will be appropriately identified and documented; however, the contractor is not authorized or expected to fully document such features, and entry into cave interiors is prohibited.

· Each site/feature recording must include, at a minimum, two overview photographs from different directions. Where possible these photos will include landmarks and the horizon. Feature photos will include a scale and north arrow. Any noted areas of damage or disturbance will also be photographed with a scale.

· The contractor will use the PUHO specific resource documentation forms provided and attached. Each form will include resource photos and a location map.

· Photographs and/or line drawings will be made of all diagnostic surface artifacts. A metric scale will be included in the photograph or drawing. These illustrations/ photographs should be included in the report and attached to the associated site/feature form.

· Plan maps will be drawn at a scale appropriate to the size of the feature or site being mapped. An appropriate scale is one that allows the reader to plainly see details of construction and its various relationships, and must plot artifacts, features, and any surface concentrations or loci. In addition, at a minimum the plan maps should also include local topography, notable vegetation, disturbances, or intrusions to the site including but not limited to, trash dumping, collector piles, vegetation intrusion, unauthorized excavation, ungulate trampling or trailing, and natural disturbances such as erosion. Discuss intrusions or impacts that have altered or have the potential to affect the integrity of sites on their respective resource forms and in the report narrative.

· The Contractor shall clear vegetation from identified features to the extent necessary to ensure thorough and accurate documentation and mapping.

· Level of documentation shall adhere to the following protocol:

· Formal/ semi-formal features: This category of features includes platforms, terraces, pavements, modified outcrops, enclosures, etc. exhibiting formal construction (e.g., set or stacked stone, core-filled masonry, defined edges). In addition to GPS documentation of boundaries, Scale plan-view maps will be prepared for these features.

· Less formal/ unconfirmed features: This category includes features or possible features not exhibiting those formal characteristics listed above (e.g., filled or piled stone features). Boundaries of these features will be documented via GPS but scaled plan-view mapping is not required.

· Petroglyphs: This category includes figural petroglyphs, papamu, and battered bedrock areas. In addition to GPS documentation, Scale drawings will be prepared for these features.

· Linear features: This category includes trails, roads, fences, and walls that do not form enclosures within the project area. The extent of such features will be documented by GPS within the project area, and as indicated above do not need to be fully documented beyond the boundary of the project area; however, an effort should be made to fully develop a context within which to assess feature segments within the project area. This could include using aerial or satellite imagery to provide context regarding overall feature length and characteristics.

· Temporary feature/site numbers should be assigned for field work purposes. When the total number of identified features is known, the park can then issue official PUHO site/feature numbers which should be used and included in the final deliverables. The contractor will also obtain corresponding State Inventory of Historic Places (SIHP) number/s from the Hawaiʻi State Historic Preservation Division (SHPD) that will also be included in the final deliverables.

· Excepting the 3-acre access easement, the project area falls within the existing National Register Honaunau Historic District. The contractor will make recommendations for each of the sites and features identified during the survey regarding its status within the district, that is, whether the feature is “contributing” or “non-contributing” to the district.

· Subsurface testing is not authorized for this project. Assessments will be made based on surface evidence alone. Contractor may however make recommendations where subsurface testing could be used in the future to refine functional assessments, determine subsurface data potential, or mitigate impacts.

· Artifact collection is not authorized for this project. If in the opinion of the Contractor, a located artifact is unique and/or vulnerable to unauthorized collection or destruction, diagnostic, and/or cannot be readily identified in the field, this information shall be brought to the attention of the Project Inspector.

C.1.7-Definitions

· CO- Contracting Officer

· Collection- Artifact collection is not authorized for this project.

· COR- Contracting Officers’ Representative

· Feature- A permanent non-movable/nonportable element of a site

· Formal Feature- This category of features includes platforms, terraces, pavements, modified outcrops, enclosures, etc. exhibiting formal construction (e.g., set or stacked stone, core-filled masonry, defined edges).

· Intensive Inventory- professionally conducted, continuous pedestrian surveys of an entire target area (100%). Intensive inventories are aimed at locating and recording all cultural resource properties that have surface and exposed-profile indications, through systematic inspection carried out by a crew of trained observers walking a series of parallel transects until the area has been thoroughly examined. Crew spacing should not be wider than 5-10 meters apart. Intensive inventory describes the distribution of resources in an area; determines the number, location and condition of properties; determines the types of properties present within the area; permits classification of individual properties; and records the physical extent of specific properties.

· Less Formal Features- This category includes features or possible features not exhibiting those formal characteristics indicated for Formal Features (e.g., filled or piled stone features)

· Linear Feature- This category includes trails, roads, fences, and walls that do not form enclosures within the project area.

· Petroglyphs- This category includes figural petroglyphs, papamu, and battered bedrock areas.

· PI- Project Inspector

· Site- The physical location of previous (50-year age minimum) human activity at which the preponderance of evidence suggests either one-time diagnostically interpretable use or repeated use over time, or multiple classes of activities.

C.1.8-Special Conditions/Instructions

· Data collected by GPS must meet a ±3m accuracy standard. Reliable GPS reading will be required for all site and feature datums. It is also required that site boundaries, feature boundaries, and diagnostic artifacts, have a GPS location. The type of GPS unit, its confirmed field accuracy, and any postprocessing will be included in the report narrative. All UTM locations and geospatial data must be provided in the following coordinate system: Universal Transverse Mercator using the 1983 North American Datum. NAD_1983_PA11_UTM_Zone_5N – WKID: 6635 Authority: EPSG

· Geometry Types: All site/feature and survey boundary data must be submitted as polygons. Do not use generic shapes to delineate boundaries. Polygons must be recorded with multiple vertices that precisely form the resource boundary. Where appropriate (i.e., single petroglyphs, isolated finds, etc.) features may be created from a single point but must be buffered and submitted as a polygon (3-meter buffer).

· The Park will accept geospatial deliverables as either shapefiles or ESRI file geodatabases. Do not submit ESRI personal geodatabases, .kml/.kmz files, or other raw formats. If you are using a GPS device that does not support shapefile or ESRI file geodatabase formats, you must convert your field data into an acceptable format.

· Each submitted geospatial data set (shapefile or feature class) must contain the minimum required attributes as detailed in the attached document.

· To protect site information from unauthorized disclosure, all site location and content information must be kept in strictest confidence. The Contractor shall make the information available only to the COR/PI and must take whatever internal measures are necessary to ensure that confidential material is protected.

· Any problems which may delay the Contractor’s work schedule must be reported immediately to the COR/PI.

C.2 INSPECTION AND REPORTING

C.2.1 TASK 1

Preliminary Letter Report

· A preliminary letter report of findings is to be submitted to the Project Inspector within two weeks after completion of fieldwork. At a minimum this letter report must consist of the following items:

· Summary results of the archeological investigation including brief feature descriptions. It shall include general statements about the number, nature, and distribution of identified archeological remains. Summary data may be provided in a table format.

· Project results overview map/s including the survey boundary and identified resource locations.

C.2.2 TASK 2

Draft Final Report

· The contractor will submit digital copies of the draft final report and associated deliverables (resource forms & geospatial data) to the Project Inspector for review according to the schedule specified below (Section H). The draft deliverables will include all site and feature forms, corrected geospatial data with sites, features, and inventory area. The draft final report will be complete with all photographs, maps, figures, tables, charts, graphs, and other content necessary to adequately describe the findings.

· The draft report and resource forms will be provided in digital .pdf format.

· Resource forms will be submitted individually in digital (.pdf) format, with the file name corresponding to the assigned PUHO feature number (e.g., PUHO-F-01139).

· The draft report, all required survey and site forms, and shapefiles will meet the guidelines established by the Secretary of Interior’s Standards (and Guidelines for Archaeology and Historic Preservation), applicable Hawaiʻi State guidance, and the requirements contained in this SOW.

· The draft final report will evaluate the sites and recommend status within the existing Historic District, as well as address site condition and potential threats to resources. Individual preservation treatment recommendations should be made as appropriate. Those evaluations should be made in the context of previous investigations and findings in the general area, and management issues for the region.

· Discussion of disturbances or intrusions observed while conducting the fieldwork that are currently or have the potential to impact features should be included in recommendations for site management. Noted potential threats to the resource should be verified with evidence and/or reasonable expectations of disturbance.

· Legal, UTM, or other specific locational descriptions, as well as maps that identify resource locations will not be presented anywhere in the report narrative. This information should be included in an appendix and in the corresponding resource forms.

· The report cover page, appendixes with legal/UTM locations, and maps with site locations must contain the following statement in large font, bold type “For Official Use Only: Disclosure of site locations prohibited (43 CFR 7.18).”

C.2.3 TASK 3

Final Report Submission

· Three bound copies of the final report with photographs, maps, and documentation will be submitted to the Project Inspector according to the schedule specified below (Section H).

· Removable binding and two-sided printing of the report is preferable.

· Resource forms will be submitted individually in digital (.pdf) format only.

· Consultants are required to provide final documents in both digital and hard copy formats as specified. Digital files can be delivered via CD, jump drive, or an acceptable, secure file sharing service. The final report and inventory resource forms will be provided in PDF format. Geospatial data will be provided as either shapefiles or ESRI file geodatabases.

· Resource forms MUST NOT be bound with the report narrative.

· The NPS will notify the contractor of acceptance of the Final Report within two weeks of it being received. If minimal changes are required, specific corrections will be identified in the response and individual corrected pages may be submitted

· Acceptance and final payment is contingent upon corrections/revisions identified during the draft review being addressed in the final report.

C.3-PAYMENT

Deliverables by task

C.3.1 Task 1 (30% of contract)

Preliminary Letter Report- A preliminary report as described in C.2.1 shall be submitted. Upon acceptance of the letter report an invoice may be submitted to the Contracting Officer for payment of 30% of the total contract.

C.3.2 Task 2 (50% of contract)

Draft Final Report- A draft final report and associated draft deliverables as described in C.2.2 shall be submitted. Upon acceptance of the draft final report an invoice may be submitted to the Contracting Officer for payment of 50% of the total contract.

C.3.3 Task 3 (20% of contract)

Final Report Submission- A final report and associated final deliverables as described in C.2.3 shall be submitted in both hard copy and digital formats. Upon acceptance of the final report an invoice may be submitted to the Contracting Officer for payment of 20% of the total contract.

SCHEDULE

H.1.1 Preliminary Letter Report A preliminary letter report describing fieldwork inventory results as described in C.2.1 will be submitted to the PI within two weeks after completion of fieldwork.

H.1.2 Draft Final Report A digital copy of the Draft Report, as described in C.2.2, will be submitted to the PI for review no later than February 24, 2023.

H.1.3 Final Report Three hard-copies and a digital copy of the Final Report and associated forms, photographs and/or documentation, as described in C.2.3 are to be submitted to the PI no later than March 31, 2023.

List of SOW Attachments:

1. PUHO Geospatial Attribute Requirements

2. PUHO Site Form

3. PUHO Feature Form

4. Form Data Dictionary

5. NPS Director's Order 28_Appendix C

Map 1. Project Area Location Map

Map 2. Project Area and Access Map

Map 3. Project Area Ahupuaʻa Map

Map 4. Project Area TMK Map

Map 5. Project Area Imagery

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