SOL-696-16-000014.pdf

U.S. AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

ACQUISITION AND ASSISTANCE OFFICE

2657 AVENUE DE LA GENDARMERIE, KACYIRU

KIGALI, RWANDA

1. THIS CONTRACT IS A RATED ORDER RATING PAGE OF

PAGES

xxx

UNDER DPAS (15 CFR 700)

2. CONTRACT NUMBER 3. SOLICITATION NUMBER 4. TYPE OF SOLICITATION 5. DATE ISSUED

SEE COVER PAGE

6. REQUISITION/PURCHASE NUMBER

REQ-696-16-000050

SEALED BID (IFB)

NEGOTIATED (RFP)

7. ISSUED BY CODE 8. ADDRESS OFFER TO

U.S. AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

ACQUISITION AND ASSISTANCE OFFICE

2675 AVENUE DE LA GENDARMERIE, KACYIRU

KIGALI, RWANDA

(If other than Item 7)

NOTE: In sealed bid solicitations "offer" and "offeror" mean "bid" and "bidder".

9. Sealed offers in original and _five_ copies for furnishing the supplies or services in the Schedule will be received at the place specified in Item 8, or if hand carried, in the depository located in N/A until 4:00 p.m. (COB Rwanda). local (Kigali) time December 11, 2016.

CAUTION - LATE Submissions, Modifications, and Withdrawals: See Section L, Provision No. 52.214-7 or 52.215-1. All Offers are subject to all terms and conditions contained in this solicitation.

A. NAME B. TELEPHONE (NO COLLECT CALLS) C. E-MAIL ADDRESS

zclarke@usaid.gov AREA CODE

250-252

NUMBER

596-400

EXT.

(X) SEC. DESCRIPTION PAGE(S) (X) SEC. DESCRIPTION PAGE(S)

PART I - THE SCHEDULE PART II - CONTRACT CLAUSES

A SOLICITATION/CONTRACT FORM 1 I CONTRACT CLAUSES I-1

B SUPPLIES OR SERVICES AND PRICES/COSTS B-1 PART III - LIST OF DOCUMENTS, EXHIBITS AND OTHER ATTACH.

C DESCRIPTION/SPECS./WORK STATEMENT C-1 J LIST OF ATTACHMENTS J-1

D PACKAGING AND MARKING D-1 PART IV - REPRESENTATIONS AND INSTRUCTIONS

E INSPECTION AND ACCEPTANCE E-1

F DELIVERIES OR PERFORMANCE F-1

G CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION DATA G-1 L INSTR., CONDS., AND NOTICES TO OFFERORS L-1

H SPECIAL CONTRACT REQUIREMENTS H-1 M EVALUATION FACTORS FOR AWARD M-1

K

REPRESENTATIONS, CERTIFICATIONS AND OTHER

STATEMENTS OF OFFERORS K-1

NOTE: Item 12 does not apply if the solicitation includes the provisions at 52.214-16, Minimum Bid Acceptance Period.

12. In compliance with the above, the undersigned agrees, if this offer is accepted within __________ calendar days (60 calendar days unless a different period is inserted by the offeror) from the date for receipt of offers specified above, to furnish any or all items upon which prices are offered at the price set opposite each item, delivered at the designated point(s), within the time specified in the schedule.

13. DISCOUNT FOR PROMPT PAYMENT 10 CALENDAR DAYS (%) 20 CALENDAR DAYS (%) 30 CALENDAR DAYS (%) CALENDAR DAYS (%) (See Section I, Clause No. 52-232-8)

14. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF AMENDMENTS AMENDMENT NO. DATE AMENDMENT NO. DATE

(The offeror acknowledges receipt of amendments to the SOLICITATION for offerors and related documents numbered and dated:

CODE FACILITY 16. NAME AND TITLE OF PERSON AUTHORIZED TO SIGN OFFER 15A. NAME AND

ADDRESS

OF OFFEROR

(Type or print)

15B. TELEPHONE NUMBER 17. SIGNATURE 18. OFFER DATE

AREA CODE NUMBER EXT. 15C. CHECK IF REMITTANCE ADDRESS IS DIFFERENT FROM

ABOVE - ENTER SUCH ADDRESS IN SCHEDULE

19. ACCEPTED AS TO ITEMS NUMBERED 20. AMOUNT 21. ACCOUNTING AND APPROPRIATION

22. AUTHORITY FOR USING OTHER THAN FULL AND OPEN COMPETITION: 23. SUBMIT INVOICES TO ADDRESS SHOWN IN ITEM (4 copies unless otherwise specified)

10 U.S.C. 2304(a) ( ) 41 U.S.C. 253(c) ( )

24. ADMINISTERED BY (If other than Item 7) 25. PAYMENT WILL BE MADE BY CODE

USAID/RWANDA

FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT OFFICE

CODE

26. NAME OF CONTRACTING OFFICER (Type or print)

ZACHARY CLARKE

CONTRACTING OFFICER

27. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 28. AWARD DATE

IMPORTANT - Award will be made on this Form, or on Standard Form 26, or by other authorized official written notice.

(Signature of Contracting Officer)

(REV. 9-97)

10. FOR INFORMATION CALL:

USAID/Rwanda Zachary Clarke, Contracting Officer

11. TABLE OF CONTENTS

STANDARD FORM 33

SOLICITATION, OFFER AND AWARD

SOLICITATION

OFFER (Must be fully completed by offeror)

AWARD (To be completed by Government)

N/A

SOL-696-16-000014

X

See Attached Table of Contents

X 1

SECTION A TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION B - SUPPLIES OR SERVICES AND PRICE/COSTS .................................................................. B-1

B.1 PURPOSE .............................................................................................................................................. B-1

B.2 CONTRACT TYPE ............................................................................................................................... B-1

B.3 ESTIMATED COST, FIXED FEE AND OBLIGATED AMOUNT .................................................... B-1 B.4 BUDGET ............................................................................................................................................... B-1

B.5 INDIRECT COSTS ............................................................................................................................... B-2

B.6 COST REIMBURSABLE ..................................................................................................................... B-1 B.7 MULTI‐YEAR CONTRACT ................................................................................................................ B-2

B.8 PAYMENT OF FEE .............................................................................................................................. B-2

SECTION C - STATEMENT OF WORK ....................................................................................................... C-1

C.1 OBJECTIVES ........................................................................................................................................ C-1

C.2 BACKGROUND .................................................................................................................................. C-1

C.3 GOALS AND RESULTS ................................................................................................................... C-11

C.4 SERVICES AND TASKS REQUIRED ............................................................................................. C-13

C.5 GENERAL PROGRAM PARAMETERS .......................................................................................... C-19

SECTION D PACKAGING AND MARKING ............................................................................................... D-1

D.1 MARKING, AIDAR 752.7009 (JAN 1993) ......................................................................................... D-1

D.2 BRANDING AND MARKING ............................................................................................................ D-1

SECTION E - INSPECTION AND ACCEPTANCE ...................................................................................... E-1

E.1 NOTICE LISTING CONTRACT CLAUSES INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE ......................... E-1

E.2 INSPECTION AND ACCEPTANCE ................................................................................................... E-1

E.3 QUALITY ASSURANCE SURVEILLANCE PLAN (QASP)/MONITORING AND EVALUATION

PLAN ..................................................................................................................................................... E-1

SECTION F – DELIVERIES OR PERFORMANCE ...................................................................................... F-1

F.1 NOTICE LISTING CONTRACT CLAUSES INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE ......................... F-1

F.2 PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE ............................................................................................................ F-1

F.3 PLACE OF PERFORMANCE .............................................................................................................. F-1

F.4 PERFORMANCE STANDARDS AND EVALUATION .................................................................... F-1

F.5 KEY PERSONNEL ............................................................................................................................... F-2

F.6 REPORTS AND DELIVERABLES ......................................................................................................F-6

F.7 AIDAR 752.7005 SUBMISSION REQUIREMENTS FOR DEVELOPMENT EXPERIENCE

DOCUMENTS (SEPTEMBER 2013) (Class Deviation OAA-DEV-13-01C) ..................................... F-6

SECTION G - CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION DATA ............................................................................. G-1

G.1 AIDAR 752.7003 DOCUMENTATION FOR PAYMENT (NOV 1998) ............................................ G-1

G.2 ADMINISTRATIVE CONTRACTING OFFICE ................................................................................. G-2

G.3 CONTRACTING OFFICER’S REPRESENTATIVE (COR)............................................................... G-3

G.4 PAYING OFFICE .................................................................................................................................. G-3

G.5 INVOICING INSTRUCTIONS ............................................................................................................. G-3

G.6 ACCOUNTING AND APPROPRIATION DATA ............................................................................... G-3

G.7 TECHNICAL DIRECTIONS/RELATIONSHIP WITH USAID .......................................................... G-3 G.8 CONTRACTOR CONTACT INFORMATION.................................................................................... G-3

SECTION H - SPECIAL CONTRACT REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................ H-1

H.1 NOTICE LISTING CONTRACT CLAUSES INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE ......................... H-1

H.2 AIDAR 752.225-70 SOURCE AND NATIONALITY REQUIREMENTS (FEB 2012) ..................... H-1

H.3 AUTHORIZED GEOGRAPHIC CODE ............................................................................................... H-2

H.4 AIDAR 752.228-70 MEDICAL EVACUATION (MEDEVAC) SERVICES (JULY 2007) ............... H-2

H.5 INTERNATIONAL TRAVEL (AIDAR 752.7002AND 752.7032) ..................................................... H-2

H.6 PERSONNEL APPROVALS (AIDAR 752.7007 AND 752.7027) ...................................................... H-3

H.7 EXECUTIVE ORDER ON TERRORISM FINANCING (FEB 2002) ................................................. H-4

H.8 ADS 302.3.5.5 REPORTING OF FOREIGN TAXES (JULY 2007) ................................................... H-5

H.9 AIDAR 752.228-3 WORKER’S COMPENSATION INSURANCE (DEFENSE BASE ACT) (DEC

1991) ...................................................................................................................................................... H-6

H.10 INSURANCE AND SERVICES ........................................................................................................... H-6

H.11 SUBCONTRACTING PLAN, INDIVIDUAL SUBCONTRACT REPORT (ISR) AND THE

SUMMARY SUBCONTRACT REPORT ............................................................................................ H-6

H.12 CONSENT TO SUBCONTRACT ........................................................................................................ H-7

H.13 FOREIGN GOVERNMENT DELEGATIONS TO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES (JAN 2002)H-7

H.14 NONEXPENDABLE PROPERTY PURCHASES AND INFORMATIONTECHNOLOGY

RESOURCES ........................................................................................................................................ H-7

H.15 LOGISTIC SUPPORT ........................................................................................................................... H-7

H.16 LANGUAGE REQUIREMENTS ......................................................................................................... H-8

H.17 GRANTS UNDER USAID CONTRACTS ........................................................................................... H-8

H.18 ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE .................................................................................................. H-8

H.19 DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION .................................................................................................. H-11 H.20 ADS 302.3.5.9 NONDISCRIMINATION (JUN 2012)....................................................................... H-11 H.21 AIDAR 752.222-70 USAID DISABILITY POLICY - ACQUISITION (DEC 2004) ........................ H-11 H.22 ADS 302.3.5.19 USAID-FINANCED THIRD-PARTY WEBSITES (AUG 2013) ........................... H-11 H.23 ADS 302.3.5.20 CONFERENCE PLANNING AND REQUIRED APPROVALS (AUG 2013) ...... H-11

H.24 ADS 302.3.5.22 SUBMISSION OF DATASETS TO THE DEVELOPMENT DATA LIBRARY (OCT

2014) .................................................................................................................................................... H-11

H.25 COMPLIANCE WITH THE TRAFFICKING VICTIMS PROTECTION REAUTHORIZATION

ACT...................................................................................................................................................... H-11

H.26 AUTHORIZED WORK WEEK .......................................................................................................... H-11

H.27 FAR 52,203-99 PROHIBITION OF CONTRACTING WITH ENTITIIES THAT REQUIRE

CERTAIN INTERNAL CONFIDENTIALITY AGREEMENTS (APR 2015) .................................. H-11

H.28 ADS 302.3.5.21 USAID IMPLEMENTING PARTNER NOTICES (IPN) PORTAL FOR

ACQUISTION (JULY 2014) ............................................................................................................... H-11 H.29 LOGISTIC SUPPORT GOVERNMENT FURNISHED FACILITIES OR PROPERTY .................. H-11

H.30 COMPLIANCE WITH SECTION 508 OF THE REHABILITATION ACT OF 1973, AS

AMENDED……………………………………………………………………………..…………....H-11

H.31 RIGHT TO PROCURE FROM OTHER SOURCES (AUGUST 2016) ............................................. H-11 H.32 ELECTONIC PAYMENT SYSTEM .................................................................................................. H-11

H.33 AMMONIUM NITRATE AND CALCIUM AMMONIUM NITRATE RESTRICTION (SEPTEMBER

2011) (CLASS DEVIATION OAA-DEV-LL-032C EXPIRATION DATE SEPTEMBER 8, 2016)

H-11

SECTION I - CONTRACT CLAUSES ........................................................................................................... I-1

I.1 NOTICE LISTING CONTRACT CLAUSES INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE .......................... I-1

I.2 FAR 52.203-13 CONTRACTOR CODE OF BUSINESS ETHICS AND CONDUCT (OCT 2015) .... I-4

I.3 FAR 52.217-2 CANCELLATION UNDER MULTI-YEAR CONTRACTS (OCT 1997)Error! Bookmark n I.4 FAR 52.222-50 COMBATING TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS (MAR 2015) ..................................... I-8 I.5 FAR 52.229-8 TAXES – FOREIGN COST-REIMBURSEMENT CONTRACT (MAR 1990) ......... I-15 I.6 FAR 52.243-7 NOTIFICATION OF CHANGES (APR 1984) ............................................................ I-15 I.7 FAR 52.252-2 CLAUSES INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE (FEB 1998) .................................. I-17

I.8 AIDAR 752.209-71 ORGANIZATIONAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST DISCOVERED AFTER

AWARD (JUN 1993) ............................................................................................................................. I-8 I.9 AIDAR 752.231-71 SALARY SUPPLEMENTS FOR HG EMPLOYEES (MAR 2015) ................... I-17

I.10 AIDAR 752.7004 EMERGENCY LOCATOR INFORMATION (JULY 1997) ................................. I-18

I.11 AIDAR 752.7013 CONTRACTOR-MISSION RELATIONSHIPS (OCT 1989) ............................... I-18

I.12 AIDAR 752.7034 ACKNOWLEDGMENT AND DISCLAIMER (DEC 1991) ................................. I-19

SECTION J - LIST OF ATTCHMENTS ......................................................................................................... J-1

SECTION K - REPRESENTATIONS, CERTIFICATIONS AND OTHER STATEMENTS OF OFFERORS

K-1

K.1 NOTICE LISTING CONTRACT CLAUSES INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE ......................... K-1

K.2 FAR 52.204-8 ANNUAL REPRESENTATIONS AND CERTIFICATIONS (APR 2016) ................. K-1

K.3 FAR 52.230-1 COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS NOTICES AND CERTIFICATION (MAY

2012) ...................................................................................................................................................... K-4

K.4 FAR 52.230-7 PROPOSAL DISCLOSURE--COST ACCOUNTING PRACTICECHANGES (APR

2005) ...................................................................................................................................................... K-6

K.5 INSURANCE - IMMUNITY FROM TORT LIABILITY .................................................................... K-7

K.6 COMPLIANCE WITH VETERANS EMPLOYMENT REPORTING REQUIREMENTS (FEB 2016)K-7

K.7 AUTHORIZED NEGOTIATORS ......................................................................................................... K-7

K.8 52.203-98 PROHIBITION ON CONTRACTING WITH ENTITIES THAT REQUIRE CERTAIN

INTERNAL CONFIDENTIALITY AGREEMENTS REPRESENTATION (DEVIATION 2015-02)K-7

K.9 FAR 52.209-7 INFORMATION REGARDING RESPONSIBILITY MATTERS (JUL 2013) ........... K-7 K.10 SIGNATURE ......................................................................................................................................... K-7

SECTION L – INSTRUCTIONS, CONDITIONS, AND NOTICES TO OFFERORS .................................. L-1

L.1 NOTICE LISTING SOLICITATION PROVISIONS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE ............. L-1

L.2 FAR 52.216-1 TYPE OF CONTRACT (APR 1984) ............................................................................ L-1

L.3 FAR 52.233-2 SERVICE OF PROTEST (SEP 2006) ........................................................................... L-1

L.4 GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS TO OFFERORS ................................................................................... L-2

L.5 DELIVERY INSTRUCTIONS .............................................................................................................. L-2

L.6 GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PREPARATION OF THE TECHNICAL PROPOSAL ..... L-4

L.7 TECHNICAL APPROACH (see Section M.3) ..................................................................................... L-6

L.9 MONITORING, EVALUATION AND LEARNING PLAN (see Section M.5) ................................... L-8

L.10 ORGANIZATIONAL CAPABILITY AND EXPERIENCE (see Section M.6) ................................... L-9

L.11 PAST PERFORMANCE (see Section M.7) .......................................................................................... L-9

L.12 INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PREPARATION OF THE COST PROPOSAL ................................... L-11

L. 13 INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PREPARATION OF BRANDING AND MARKING PLANS: .......... L-19

SECTION M - EVALUATION FACTORS FOR AWARD ............................................................................ M-1

M.1 GENERAL INFORMATION ............................................................................................................... M-1

M.2 EVALUATION FACTORS ................................................................................................................ M-1

M.3 TECHNICAL APPROACH ................................................................................................................... M-2

M.4 PERSONNEL AND MANAGEMENT APPORACH .......................................................................... M-2

M.5 MONITORING, EVALUATION, AND LEARNING PLAN .............................................................. M-3

M.6 ORGANIZATIONAL CAPABILITY AND EXPERIENCE ............................................................... M-3

M.7 PAST PERFORMANCE .................................................................................................................... M-3

M.8 PRICE/COST EVALUATION ............................................................................................................. M-5

M.9 DETERMINATION OF THE COMPETITIVE RANGE AND CONTRACT AWARD .................... M-5

M.10 CONTRACTING WITH SMALL BUSINESS CONCERNS .............................................................. M-6

ATTACHMENTS

RFP NO.: SOL-696-16-000014

HINGA WEZE ACTIVITY

B-1

PART I – THE SCHEDULE

SECTION B - SUPPLIES OR SERVICES AND PRICE/COSTS

B.1 PURPOSE

The purpose of this contract is to provide the services and deliverables as described in detail in Section C, Statement of Work, for the Rwanda Hinga Weze Activity

B.2 CONTRACT TYPE

This is a Cost-Plus-Fixed-Fee (CPFF) Completion Contract. For the consideration set forth below, the Contractor must achieve the performance objectives and deliverables or outputs described in Sections, C, D and F and otherwise comply with all contract requirements.

B.3 ESTIMATED COST, FIXED FEE AND OBLIGATED AMOUNT

(a) The estimated cost for the performance of the work required hereunder, exclusive of fee is $___________. The fixed fee is $__________. The estimated cost plus fixed fee is $________.

(b) Within the estimated cost plus fixed fee (if any) specified in paragraph (a) above, the amount currently obligated and available for reimbursement of allowable costs incurred by the Contractor (and payment of fee, if any) for performance hereunder is $_________. The Contractor must not exceed the aforesaid obligated amount.

(c) Funds obligated hereunder are anticipated to be sufficient through {TBD based on the date of award}.

*NOTE: The actual amount to be obligated will be determined at the time of award.

B.4 BUDGET

The total cost (exclusive of fixed fee) stated below for the budget categories specified below may not be adjusted without a modification to the contract signed by the Contracting Officer.

No amounts in excess of the amounts specified for each activity will be billed against the Contract.

Management and Administration Services (Section C.4.2.1) $_______________ Sustainable Agriculture Productivity (Section C.4.2.2.1) $_______________ Improved Market Access (Section C.4.2.2.2) $_______________ Nutrition Sensitive Agriculture (Section C.4.2.2.3) $_______________

The Contractor must allocate costs to these budget categories based on the guidance in Section C below and consistent with the Contractor’s final proposal, which was accepted by USAID/Rwanda through award of this contract.

B-2

B.5 INDIRECT COSTS

Pending the establishment of a revised provisional or final indirect cost rates, allowable indirect costs will be reimbursed on the basis of the following negotiated provisional or predetermined rates and the appropriate bases:

Description* Period** Rate Base***

* Description or type of rate indicated as a percentage, e.g., G&A ** Period, e.g., CY 2009 *** Base, e.g., Direct Labor for Labor Overhead

B.6 COST REIMBURSABLE

The U.S. dollar costs allowable will be limited to reasonable, allocable and necessary costs determined in accordance with FAR 52.216-7, Allowable Cost and Payment, FAR 52.216-8, Fixed Fee, if applicable, and AIDAR 752.7003, Documentation for Payment.”

B.7 MULTI‐YEAR CONTRACT

The Contract is considered non‐severable, and is therefore a multi‐year contract as defined in FAR 17.103. Therefore, this contract is subject to the requirements of FAR 17.106.

Cancellation Dates:

Contract Year 2: Date________ Amount: $______ Contract Year 3: Date________ Amount: $______ Contract Year 4: Date________ Amount: $______ Contract Year 5: Date________ Amount: $______ Total Years 2-5: Amount: $______

Cancellation Ceiling: This is a CPFF type contract where the Contractor is authorized to be reimbursed for all costs which are allowable in accordance with FAR 52.216‐7, “Allowable Costs and Payment.” Therefore, the Contractor will not incur any costs which would have been amortized over the life of the contract should the contract be cancelled in accordance with FAR 52.217‐2. The cancellation ceiling for each cancellation date is indicated above.

B.8 PAYMENT OF FEE

Payment of the fixed fee will be made as follows. The Contractor’s fixed fee is tied to the accomplishment of performance objectives and deliverables or outputs described in Sections C, D and F that are specified in Table 1 below. The Contractor will be paid the amount of fee specified for each denoted performance objective, deliverable or output set forth in the table

B-3 below upon acceptance by the Contracting Officer’s Representative (COR). Because the clause entitled “Allowable Cost and Payment” (FAR 52.216‐7) is incorporated into this contract, the terms and conditions of this clause applies after total payments of fixed fee reach eighty‐five percent (85%) of the total fixed fee.

Table 1 – Fixed Fee Payment Schedule

Identifier Performance Objective/Deliverable/Output Reference Section

Amount

A. Acceptance of Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning Plan with baselines for each performance indicator

F.6(a) TBD

B. Acceptance of the first annual work plan F.6(b) TBD C. Completion of the national extension program gap assessment report

C.4.2.2.1 TBD

D. ____ farmers have applied improved technologies or management practices

C.3 TBD

E. ____ farmers that have increased their agricultural productivity (yield) by 50%

C.3 TBD

F. ____ hectares of terraces developed C.3 TBD G. ____ hectares of farmland irrigated by activity-funded irrigation infrastructure

C.3 TBD

H. ____ farmers that use improved post-harvest handling techniques

C.3 TBD

I. ____% increase in women’s dietary diversity score: Mean number of food groups consumed by women of reproductive age

C.3 TBD

J. ____% increase in the number of children 6-23 months old receiving a minimum acceptable diet

(MAD)

C.3 TBD

K. TBD

L. TBD

M. TBD

[END OF SECTION B]

C-1

SECTION C - STATEMENT OF WORK

C. 1 OBJECTIVES

The primary objective of the Feed the Future Rwanda Hinga Weze activity is to sustainably increase smallholder farmers’ income, improve nutritional status of Rwandan women and children, and increase the resilience of the agriculture and food systems to the changing climate.

This objective will be attained through sustainable intensification of Rwandan smallholder farming systems, with specific emphasis on ‘climate smart’ approaches to the agriculture production system. This activity specifically focuses on farming systems, which emphasize maize beans, Irish potato and incorporate nutrient-dense crops and/or livestock, and on the nutritional status of women and children under five years of age.

Sustainable intensification strategies are those which result in higher yields on existing cropland and improved nutrition and net incomes of smallholder households while reducing negative environmental impacts and improving the management of natural resources, particularly soil and water.1 Climate smart approaches 1) increase agricultural productivity and incomes, 2) increase adaptation and resilience to climate change, and 3) reduce greenhouse gas emissions, where appropriate. 2

C.2 BACKGROUND

The following section provides relevant background information regarding (a) country context and development challenge, (b) Government of Rwanda’s response, (c) global USG related initiatives, and (d) relationship with USG priorities and programs in Rwanda.

a) Country Context and Development Challenges

Rwanda has made remarkable progress over the past 20 years; development efforts and results have been significant. Rwanda’s economy has been growing steadily at about 8% since 2001 with GDP per capita more than tripling from US$ 211 in 2001 to US$ 718 in 2014. Food crop production growth was more than twice that of population growth between 2007 and 2014.

Poverty reduced from 44.9% in 2011 to 39.1% in 2014 and extreme poverty from 24.1% to 16.3%.3 The agricultural sector is estimated to have contributed 45% to poverty reduction since

2005.4 As the backbone of the economy, the agriculture sector accounts for 39 percent of gross domestic product (GDP), 80 percent of employment, 63 percent of foreign exchange earnings, and 90 percent of the country’s food needs.5 Agriculture is crucial for Rwanda’s economic

1 Pretty et al. (2011) Sustainable intensification in agriculture. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability, 9:1 2 FAO (2013) Climate-smart agriculture sourcebook. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

3 NISR (2015) Rwanda Poverty Profile Report, 2013/14. National Institute of Statistics, Rwanda.

4 WB (2013) Rwanda Economic Update, Maintaining Momentum with a special focus on Rwanda’s pathway out of poverty. World Bank.

5 Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources (2013) Strategic Plan for the Transformation of Agriculture in Rwanda Phase III. Republic of Rwanda.

C-2 growth and reduction of poverty.

Despite this impressive performance, significant challenges remain. Land for cultivation is a major constraint in Rwanda with about 60 percent of farming households cultivating plots smaller than 0.5 ha often on steep slopes with poor soil fertility. Agriculture productivity is still low, mainly due to the lack of market incentives, degradation of soil and the natural resource base, low input use including fertilizer or improved seeds and low mechanization levels. Due to multiple interacting factors, including the inherent mountainous topography of most of Rwanda, soil erosion poses a major problem to agricultural productivity with 1.4 million tons of topsoil per year lost, translating to 2% of GDP economic costs.6

Productivity is also threatened by currently recurring extreme climatic events in Rwanda and the mounting challenges posed by global climate change. Rwanda’s agriculture is almost entirely rainfed making it particularly vulnerable to climate variability or changes. Rwanda already experiences periodic floods and droughts that take a severe socio-economic toll on the country and decrease food availability7 and with climate change, those costs could rise additionally to 1% of GDP per year by 2030, an estimate which excludes the heavy periodic costs of extreme events.8 Regionally in sub-Saharan Africa, climate change is anticipated to cause significant yield reductions in maize (12-40%), and suitable geographic areas may decrease between 30- 50% or increase to a lesser but notable extent.9 Climate change-sensitive crops include ones that Rwandans depend upon as staple and cash crops, namely common bean and maize, projected to decrease in suitability, and also groundnut, cassava and banana, projected to increase in suitability.10 Localized projections for climate change in Rwanda point unequivocally to an already occurring increase in mean temperature and a projected additional increase of 1.7 to 2.8C by 2065 with a likely increase in precipitation amounts and timing variability.11 The potential of more heavy rainfall events would worsen flooding risks and impacts, crop productivity declines, and livestock losses.12 The high level of uncertainty around the economic costs that climate change may incur on agriculture, combined with its central importance to Rwanda’s economy and livelihoods, points to prioritizing agriculture for further climate change research and immediate adaptation actions.13 Climate variability and change directly impact food security and exacerbate and intertwine with existing food security issues such as dietary diversity and market

6Downing et al. (2009) Economics of Climate Change in Rwanda. Stockholm Environment Institute.

7(a) Ministry of Lands, Environment, Forestry, Water, and Mines (2006) National Adaptation Program of Action to Climate Change: NAPA-Rwanda. Republic of Rwanda; (b) Downing et al. (2009) Economics of Climate Change in Rwanda. Stockholm Environment Institute.

8Downing et al. (2009) Economics of Climate Change in Rwanda. Stockholm Environment Institute.

9 Ramirez-Villegas, J & Thornton P. (2015) Climate change impacts on African crop production. CCAFS Working Paper no. 119. CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS).

10 Ibid.

11 McSweeney, R. (2011) Rwanda’s Climate: Observations and Projections Appendix E. Cole, M., ed. UK Department for International Development.

12 (a) Downing et al. (2009) Economics of Climate Change in Rwanda. Stockholm Environment Institute; (b) McSweeney, R. 2011. Rwanda’s Climate: Observations and Projections Appendix E. Cole, M., ed. UK Department for International Development.

13Downing et al. (2009) Economics of Climate Change in Rwanda. Stockholm Environment Institute.

C-3 access. According to FAO,14 female farmers are about 30% less productive than males because they lack access to extension services and agricultural inputs.

Productivity is just one part of the agricultural story. Local agriculture ties in closely with nutrition needs, and under nutrition remains a pervasive problem in Rwanda. Despite a reduction from 51 percent to 38 percent between 2005 and 2014,15 the stunting rate remains unacceptably high. At the national level, stunting increases with age, peaking at 49 percent among children age 18-23 months,16 suggesting that post-breastfeeding factors and/or micronutrient deficiencies may be particularly problematic. Under nutrition arises from a culmination of factors, including: child care and hygiene practices in the home, access to sufficient diverse and quality foods, access to and utilization of maternal, child health and nutrition services, and traditional/cultural conducts and practices regarding health and nutrition.

Under nutrition during fetal development and early childhood is known to have lasting negative indirect and direct effects that range from impaired cognition which leads to lower school achievement and lower income potential in adulthood, future health problems, and increased levels of mortality.17 Additionally, the cost of under nutrition has strong economic implications as demonstrated in the study “The Cost of Hunger report in Rwanda”18 that showed that an estimated 503.6 billion Rwandan francs (i.e. $0.8 billion USD) were lost in the year 2012 as a result of child under nutrition, which is equivalent to 11.5 percent of GDP. Despite improvements in caloric availability19, the supply of high quality protein, fats, key micronutrients such as vitamins (e.g., B12 and B2), and minerals (e.g., calcium, iron and zinc), especially in bio-available forms, remain insufficient in the national diet. In fact, only 18 percent of children under two years had minimally acceptable dietary diversity in 201420. Despite a strong correlation between nutrition and income, however, increasing income alone will have little effect without concomitant increases in household food security, the social and care environment, environmental health and health services, as well as formal and informal

14 FAO (2011) The State of Food and Agriculture, Women in Agriculture: Closing the Gender Gap for Development. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

15 National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR) [Rwanda], Ministry of Health (MOH) [Rwanda], & ICF International (2015) Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey 2014-15: Key Indicators. Rockville, Maryland, USA:

NISR, MOH, and ICF International.

16 Ibid.

17 (a) Martorell, R., Melgar, P., Maluccio, J.A., Stein, A.D., & Rivera, J.A. (2010) The nutrition intervention improved adult human capital and economic productivity. The American Institute of Nutrition, 140: 411-414; (b) Dewey, K.G. & Begum, K. (2011) Long-term consequences of stunting in early life. Maternal & Child Nutrition, 7:

5-18; (c) Grantham-McGregror, S., Cheung, Y.B., Glewwe, P., Richter, L., Strupp, B., & International Child Development Steering Group (2007) Development potential in the first 5 years for children in developing countries.

The Lancet 369: 60-70 18 UN Economic Commission for Africa & the World Food Programme (2013) The cost of hunger in Rwanda. The social and economic impact of child under nutrition in Rwanda. Implications on national development and vision 2020.

19 Ministry of Agriculture & Animal Resources (n.d.). Annual Report FY 2010/2011 20 National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR) [Rwanda], Ministry of Health (MOH) [Rwanda], & ICF International (2015) Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey 2014-15: Key Indicators. Rockville, Maryland, USA:

NISR, MOH, and ICF International

C-4 infrastructures and the overall political context surrounding under nutrition.21

This activity must be grounded in Rwanda’s development context and explicitly address the interactions between the issues of productivity, climate change, nutrition, and dietary diversity that feed into the larger issues of food security, agricultural sustainability and decreases in poverty. It will be implemented through the climate smart agriculture approach to improve the resilience of the national farming and food systems. This flagship program integrates major areas of USAID programming, food security, climate change, and nutrition via a systems approach to development and addresses the gender issues inherent in each of these areas.

b) Government of Rwanda response

The Government of Rwanda (GOR) has taken the country’s interconnected development needs related to agriculture, nutrition, and climate change very seriously and has integrated those needs into their goals and programs since Vision 2020.22 Vision 2020 is the flagship development vision for the GOR, identifying key development priorities and methods. Targets that directly relate to agriculture, all of which start with year 2000 statistics and move to desired 2020 statistics, include: (1) decrease in agricultural population from 90 percent to 50 percent; (2) increase modernization of agricultural land from three percent to 50 percent; (3) increase use of fertilizers from 0.5kg/ha/yr to 15 kg/ha/yr; (4) increase in financial credits to agricultural sector from one percent to 20 percent; and (5) increase agricultural production from 1,612 kcal/day/person to 2,200 kcal/day/person. Vision 2020 directly influenced the subsequent Strategic Plan for the Transformation of Agriculture in Rwanda-Phases I-III and the agricultural section of the Economic Development and Poverty Reduction Strategy. From Vision 2020 to the subsequent, agriculturally-focused or -relevant policies, there is a strong, recurring emphasis on the importance of integration of social, health, economic, and environmental issues.

In the most recent iteration of the Economic Development and Poverty Reduction Strategy (EDPRS II),23 the GOR set forth a framework to achieve Vision 2020. The major goal outlined in EDPRS II is to move Rwanda to a middle-income country via a sustained growth of 11.5% GDP and reduction of poverty to less than 30% of the population. Several priorities relate directly to agriculture such as diversification of the economic base, private sector investment in value chains, increased agricultural productivity, and rural infrastructure development. Three “foundational issues” outlined in EDPRS II, which underlie all the priorities, also relate directly to agriculture: (1) macroeconomic stability; (2) food security and improved nutrition; and (3) consolidating decentralization. Of particular importance to the priorities and issues outlined for the agricultural sector are environmental sustainability and gender inclusion.

The strategy requires that gender issues be considered in all aspects of program planning, design, and implementation. Further, the Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources prepared a detailed and thorough Agriculture Gender Strategy which outlines their commitment to

21 UNICEF Conceptual Framework for under nutrition, 1991 22 Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning (2000) Rwanda Vision 2020. Republic of Rwanda.

23 The Republic of Rwanda. Economic Development and Poverty Reduction Strategy 2013-2018: Shaping Our Development (EDPRS 2).

C-5 addressing gender issues and improving gender equality in Rwanda.24

The most recent and third phase of the Strategic Plan for the Transformation of Agriculture in Rwanda25 outlines a strategic vision focused on “both increased production of staple crops and livestock products and greater involvement of the private sector to increase agricultural exports, processing and value addition.” While it highlights achievements of specific interventions that have led to productivity gains, greater access to key financial and information services, and better incorporation of agro-ecology, it also cites the remaining challenges and puts forth a concrete roadmap and delineates the roles for private and public sectors to transform agriculture.

It details four Strategic Programs that have a set of operational actions: (1) Agriculture and animal resource intensification; (2) Research, technology transfer and professionalization of farmers; (3) Value chain development and private sector investment; and (4) Institutional development and agricultural cross-cutting issues. The cross-cutting issues include:

decentralization effects on agriculture; legal and regulatory framework; communication, statistical systems, MEL and management; gender and youth; and environmental mainstreaming.

The Government of Rwanda remains strongly committed to eliminating under nutrition, with a targeted focus on children under two and their mothers and improving food security, particularly among the most vulnerable families. Recognizing the crosscutting nature of nutrition, various ministries have since enacted social policies, developed plans, and implemented programs to combat under nutrition.

Under EDPRS II,26 the GOR aims to address poor maternal, infant, and young child feeding practices through strengthened and scaled-up community-based nutrition programs and information campaigns across the country. In the Ministry of Health’s (MOH) Third Health Sector Strategic Plan, the GOR has very ambitious goals of reducing the prevalence of stunting among children under five from 44 to 18 percent and underweight from 11 to four percent by

2018.27 In two of the six strategic objectives in its Nutrition Action Plan, the Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources (MINAGRI) aims to support households in increasing and diversifying their food production and improve nutrition-related agricultural knowledge and practices of households with young children.28 The strategic directions of the National Food and Nutrition Strategic Plan (NFNSP)29 and National Food and Nutrition Policy (NFNP)30 entail sustaining food and nutrition as central priorities of the GOR, targeting stunting and under nutrition, emphasizing nutrition education in schools, and emergency preparedness and response along with governance systems and accountability in areas of nutrition and food security.

The GOR uses its national Community Based Nutrition Program (CBNP) to combat under nutrition among children under five, though it is shifting the primary focus to children under two

24 Ministry of Animal Resources (2010) Agriculture Gender Strategy. Republic of Rwanda.

25 Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources (2013) Strategic Plan for the Transformation of Agriculture in Rwanda Phase III. Republic of Rwanda.

26 Republic of Rwanda (n.d.). Economic development and poverty reduction strategy 2013-2018.

27 Government of Rwanda, Ministry of Health (n.d.). Third health sector strategic plan. July 2012-June 2018.

28 Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources (2013). Nutrition action plan 2013-2018 29 Republic of Rwanda (in press). National food and nutrition strategic plan (2013-2018).

30 Republic of Rwanda (in press). National food and nutrition policy.

C-6 to improve early detection and prevent chronic under nutrition. CBNP consists of monthly growth monitoring and promotion sessions run by community health workers (CHWs) and partners engaged in nutrition support. The CBNP curriculum consists of growth measurement trainings; counseling sessions on maternal, infant, and young child nutrition and feeding practices; and cooking demonstrations. To address micronutrient deficiencies, in 2009, the Ministry of Health, in partnership with Project Healthy Children, conducted a comprehensive situation assessment for the fortification of Rwanda’s commonly consumed staple foods. This marked a significant milestone for Rwanda’s efforts to implement a comprehensive national food fortification program, and the Bureau of Standards adopted Rwanda-specific fortification standards for the five identified food vehicles: maize and wheat flours, edible oils, sugar, and salt.

The GOR has been committed to addressing climate change risks and impacts since 1998 with its ratification of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and later the Kyoto Protocol in 2003. In 2006, Rwanda became one of the first countries in Africa to produce their National Adaptation Programme of Action to Climate Change (NAPA), which identified integrated priorities that include integrated water resources management and soil conservation, improving adaptive capacity of farmers through agricultural intensification and adoption of appropriate agronomic techniques and suitable varieties.31 In 2011, Rwanda published its National Strategy for Climate Change and Low Carbon Development that incorporates its past contributions to climate change efforts and the goals of Vision 2020 but also looks further to 2050. This Strategy had several direct linkages to agriculture, and articulated two main areas of vulnerability for the nation: (1) dependency on externally-sourced carbon-based commodities and technologies and (2) impacts of climate change.32 The two programs for operationalization of the Strategy for the agricultural sector focus on (1) sustainable intensification of farming and

(2) agricultural diversity in local and export markets. The programs of action are meant to mainstream climate-smart agriculture into existing agricultural intensification programs (e.g., Land husbandry, Water harvesting, and Hillside irrigation project, LWH). Overall the Strategy seeks to achieve three “Big Wins” of reduced dependency on inorganic fertilizers, better irrigation infrastructure, and widespread agroforestry.

c) Global USG related initiatives:

A. USG Feed the Future (FTF) Presidential Initiative FTF is the comprehensive global hunger, food security, and poverty reduction initiative launched by the U. S. Government. It invests in country-owned plans that support results-based programs and partnerships to promote inclusive agriculture sector growth and improve nutritional status, especially of women and children. It also features recognition of the importance of cross-cutting priorities of gender equality, women’s empowerment, and expanded opportunities for women and girls, as well as environmentally sustainable and climate resilient agricultural development integrated into all FTF investments. Other key principles include strengthening strategic

31 Ministry of Lands, Environment, Forestry, Water, and Mines (2006) National Adaptation Programmes of Action to Climate Change: NAPA-Rwanda. Republic of Rwanda.

32 Adam-Bradford, A. & Hogarth, R. Ed. M. Cole. (2011) Agriculture Sector Working Paper: Appendix B. UK Department for International Development.

C-7 coordination, leveraging the benefits of multilateral organizations, and delivering on sustained and accountable commitments.

B. USG Global Climate Change Presidential Initiative and USAID Climate Change Strategy Through the Global Climate Change Initiative (GCCI), the United States aim to integrate climate change considerations into relevant foreign assistance to foster low-carbon growth, promote sustainable and resilient societies, and reduce emissions from deforestation and land degradation.

The initiative aims at making USG climate financing efficient, effective, and innovative, based on country-owned plans, and focused on achieving measurable results. GCCI strategic investments focus on building lasting resilience to unavoidable climate impacts; reduce emissions from deforestation and land degradation; and, support low-carbon development strategies and the transition to a sustainable, clean energy economy.

The goal of USAID’s Climate Change and Development Strategy is to enable countries to accelerate their transition to climate resilient low emission sustainable economic development.

To accomplish this, USAID will pursue three strategic objectives (SOs): (SO 1). Accelerate the transition to low emission development through investments in clean energy and sustainable landscapes; (SO 2). Increase resilience of people, places, and livelihoods through investments in adaptation; and (SO 3). Strengthen development outcomes by integrating climate change in Agency programming, learning, policy dialogues and operations. Hinga Weze will mainly contribute to the SO2 but the adoption of climate smart agriculture approaches could also contributing to reducing emissions from the agriculture sector, contributing indirectly to the strategy SO1.

d) Relationship with USG priorities and other bilateral programs

A. USAID/Rwanda’s Country Development Cooperation Strategy (CDCS) USAID Rwanda’s CDCS aims to accelerate Rwanda’s progress to middle income status and better quality of life through sustained growth and reduction of poverty, by achieving four development objectives (DOs): DO1: Economic opportunities increased and sustained; DO2:

Improve conditions for durable peace and development through strengthened democratic processes; DO3: Health and nutritional status of Rwandans improved; and DO4: Increased opportunities for Rwandan children and youth to succeed in schooling and the modern workplace.

By aiming to increase smallholders’ incomes and improve nutrition, the Hinga Weze activity will directly support the Mission Development Objective 1 “Economic Opportunities Increased” and its associated Intermediate Result (IR) 1.1 “Increased Productivity and Nutrition outcomes of Agriculture”. The focus on agriculture, nutrition and climate change adaptation further expands the ability of this activity to contribute to all three subsidiary intermediary results under DO1:

sub-IR 1.1.1: “Improved access to and utilization of nutrition-sensitive production and processing technologies” and sub-IR1.1.2. “Improved capacity to manage natural resources and adapt to climate change”; and sub-IR 3.2.3: “Increased nutrition knowledge and adoption of appropriate nutrition practices.”

C-8

B. USAID/Rwanda Feed the Future Project The goal of the USAID/Rwanda FTF Project is to expand economic opportunities in rural areas, with a focus on improved food security through increased agricultural…