Sol_140P5424Q0063_Attach__0003-RLA_NPS-Everglades-SFCMC_Arsenic_Testing_Final_Report.pdf

NATIONAL PARK SERVICE- EVERGLADES, DRY TORTUGAS, AND BISCAYNE

NATIONAL PARKS; BIG CYPRESS NATIONAL PRESERVE; AND DE SOTO

NATIONAL MEMORIAL

Arsenic Testing on Natural History Specimens November 12, 2021

Prepared for:

COR and Park Contact James H. Williams, Ph.D.

Program Leader, South Florida Collections Management Center Museum Curator for Big Cypress National Preserve; Biscayne, Dry Tortugas, and Everglades National Parks; and De Soto National Memorial https://www.nps.gov/southfloridacollections The SFCMC is in Everglades NP james_williams@nps.gov mobile: (786) 650-9029 office: (305) 242-7826

Prepared by:

Rosa Lowinger & Associates Conservation of Art + Architecture 5418 Packard Street Los Angeles, CA 90019 Attn: Julie Flynn, Conservator jflynn@rosalowinger.com

NATIONAL MEMORIAL

Arsenic Testing of Natural History Specimens Report

RLA CONSERVATION, INC. • November 2021 2

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. General Overview of Scope of Work 3

II. Historical Arsenic Use in Taxidermy 4

III. Human Health & Safety Concerns 4

IV. General Description/Condition 5

V. Testing Protocol 7

VI. General Results 8

VII. Future Recommendations 9

VIII. Conclusions 10

APPENDICES:

A. Survey Form B. Arsenic Test Kit Information and SDS

RLA CONSERVATION, INC. • November 2021 3

I. General Overview and Scope of Work

The following report encompasses the assessment, arsenic testing, and conservation treatment recommendations for natural history specimens from the Big Cypress National Preserve;

Biscayne, Dry Tortugas, and Everglades National Parks; and De Soto National Memorial located at the South Florida Collections Management Center in the Daniel Beard Research Center at Everglades National Park in Homestead, FL.

The Daniel Beard Research Center (DBRC), also known as the Nike HM-69 Administration Building, was built in 1963. This former missile site, now the home of the Beard Research Center and an auxiliary storage area, represents the most substantial Cold War historic resource in the park. This missile site—along with the other Nike Hercules missile sites and related facilities located throughout South Florida—is exceptionally significant because of its unique architecture and because it had a completely different deployment, construction, and mission than that of other Nike Hercules sites within the continental U.S. (CONUS).

The Nike complex within which this building is sited was entered into the National Register of Historic Places in 2004. The National Park Service must, therefore, follow Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act when completing any work that has potential to cause adverse effects to the historic fabric of the building. All proposed work scenarios should be consistent with The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Treatment of Historic Properties.

RLA Assistant Conservators, Julie Flynn and Elena Bowen traveled to the site May 19 – 21, 2021 to begin assessment and arsenic testing of the natural history specimens including taxidermy and skins of birds, mammals, and reptiles. Upon arrival on-site, Ms. Flynn met with Dr. James Williams, Museum Curator and Mr. Michael Lorusso, Museum Specialist, to review the scope of work and schedule.

Two subsequent visits were done by Ms. Bowen and RLA Technician Yenny Cabrera on August 12 – 14, 2021 and by Ms. Flynn and RLA Technician Diana Fridelova on August 23 – 26, 2021.

The arsenic testing was conducted in Room 58 of the Daniel Beard Research center where the majority of the specimens are stored. At the time of testing, the environmental controls were found to be adequate and within museum standards, even after a day of two people working in the space. The temperature measured 69.9° F and the relative humidity in the space was measured at 59%.

Methodology:

Preliminary research was done prior to arriving onsite to ensure the most up-to-date museum safety and health protocols were used for disposing of and handling hazardous materials.

Appropriate personal protective equipment was used at all times by RLA staff when conducting arsenic testing. This included the use of full-face respirators, nitrile gloves, and Tyvek® suits.

All specimen surveyed and the results of testing were documented with high-resolution

RLA CONSERVATION, INC. • November 2021 4 photographs, which will be provided to NPS staff through a secure file exchange link provided by NPS staff.

II. Historical Arsenic Use in Taxidermy

Due to the vulnerability of organic materials to pest infestation, a number of pesticides and chemical treatments have been used over the years to protect natural history collections.

Beginning in the 1800s and extending through the 1980s, arsenic was one of the primary ingredients used in the taxidermy of natural history specimens. This was usually used as arsenical soap in the form of arsenic oxide, which was applied inside the skin of the animal to prevent pest infestation and damage. Many times this was coupled with the use of mercuric chloride, alum, camphor, carbonate of potash, soap, and lime powder1.

According to research done by the National Park Service in the late 1980s and 1990s, a number of parks have documented the use of toxic preservatives on their natural history collections during the collecting time frame of the Everglades National Park specimens (1940s to the present). Collection Management Plans from the Everglades are in fact cited in the 2001 Conserve-O-Gram detailing the use of toxic pesticides in NPS collections. Further information and extant documentation on this usage may be found in the Pesticide Use Proposal System (PUPS) in the Integrated Pest Management Program Office, Exotic Species Management and Ecosystem Restoration Branch, Biological Resource Management Division, National Park Service2.

III. Human Health and Safety Concerns

Although the number of positive specimens and level of arsenic found was low in proportion to the collection, a large number of specimen had visible evidence of chemical treatment in the form of whitish-yellow particulates on the surface. Additionally, the amount of arsenic necessary for a positive result exceeds OSHA exposure limits. As such, all specimens should be handled with precaution. Movement of these specimens is not recommended as this would allow these unidentified particulates to become airborne or spread to another space, causing potential health and safety hazards. Until these particulates can be identified, they should be treated as hazardous and the appropriate precautions taken. We do not recommend that these specimens be handled in any capacity; however, if they must be handled, full safety equipment (Tyvek® suits, face shield respirators, and gloves) must be worn the entire time.

1 Marte, Fernando, Amandine Pequignot, and David W. Von Endt. 2006. “Arsenic in Taxidermy Collections:

History, Detection, and Management.” In Collection Forum. Vol. 21, no. 1-2. pp. 143-150.

2 National Park Service. (2001). Conserve O Gram. Chronology of Pesticides Used on Natural Park Service Collections, 2(16), 1–7. https://www.nps.gov/museum/publications/conserveogram/02-16.pdf

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Arsenic can be absorbed through the skin, inhaled or ingested and can cause acute, chronic, and carcinogenic health effects3. Arsenic affects the stomach, liver, intestines, heart, lungs, blood vessels, kidneys, nervous system, skin, and nails. This substance can potentially be fatal. If staff experience any symptoms related to the areas listed above, they should immediately seek medical attention and OSHA should be notified immediately to take measures to make the workspace safe for staff. OSHA has established regulations regarding Arsenic exposure limits of 10 micrograms per cubic meter of air averaged over an 8-hour period4. The airborne concentration less than or equal to 100 µg/m3 requires the use of a half-mask respirator, while the airborne concentration of arsenic between 100 µg/m3 and 500 µg/m3 requires the use of a full-face respirator5.

IV. General Description/Condition:

The taxidermy natural history specimens collected by the National Park Service since the 1940s represent a range of whole birds and mammals and study skins from mammals and reptiles. The specimens collected by NPS were prepared at different time periods ranging from the 1940s to the early 2000s. The majority of these specimens were prepared during the time period of the 1960s to 1970s when the use of arsenic as a pesticide was still in practice. Arsenic was mixed with carbonate of potash, distilled water, soap, lime. and camphor and was rubbed along the interior of the taxidermy to be mounted6. This was common practice from the early 18th century until the later part of the 20th century. This practice was discontinued in the 1980s as the health and safety concerns regarding arsenic became more apparent to the scientific community as well as the public. The most common evidence of arsenic on taxidermy is white powder on the surface of the skins; however, arsenic may still be present without this powder.

Due to the historical practice of preparation with arsenical soap and other hazardous chemicals as preservatives and insecticides, approximately 419 specimens were flagged as having possible arsenic contamination.

The majority of these specimens are located within gasketed museum cabinets in compact storage in Room 58. The specimen are arranged by species and family within drawers. A handful are located inside display cases in the Room 57 storage area. Of the 419 specimen, approximately thirty one (31) were already isolated in plastic bags and five (5) are currently

3 National Park Service. (2000). Conserve O Gram. Arsenic Health and Safety Update, 2(3), 1–4.

https://www.nps.gov/museum/publications/conserveogram/02-03.pdf 4 Occupational Safety and Health Administration. (1978). OSHA Instruction. Inspection and Compliance Procedures for the Permanent Occupation Exposure Standard for Inorganic Arsenic Compounds. (Standard No. 1910.1018).

Retrieved from: https://www.osha.gov/enforcement/directives/cpl-02-02-022 5 Occupational Safety and Health Administration. (1978). OSHA Instruction. Inspection and Compliance Procedures for the Permanent Occupation Exposure Standard for Inorganic Arsenic Compounds. (Standard No. 1910.1018).

Retrieved from: https://www.osha.gov/enforcement/directives/cpl-02-02-022 6 Marte, Fernando, Amandine Pequignot, and David W. Von Endt. 2006. “Arsenic in Taxidermy Collections:

History, Detection, and Management.” In Collection Forum. Vol. 21, no. 1-2. pp. 143-150.

RLA CONSERVATION, INC. • November 2021 6 located inside sealed Plexiglas® cases; the remaining specimen were stored without any additional packing materials in open metal drawers lined with conservation grade foam.

The specimens were mounted using a variety of methods; Most were stuffed with cotton and some birds were mounted onto wooden rods, which ran the length of the bird. A select few specimens were completely flattened and unstuffed. The diversity in mounting methodology can be related to the number of different individuals who prepared the specimens and their differing levels of training in taxidermy.

Overall the specimens are in good condition and the only condition issues observed were due to poor mounting methods. On a few bird specimens some down feathers detached during sampling. These were retained in labeled plastic specimen bags and kept with the associated bird.

Approximately 200 specimens exhibited a white-yellow particulate across the surface. In a few cases there was a significant amount of this particulate present on the specimen and inside the plastic bag.

Select Survey Images:

Overall of EVER 301236 with the dark brown test strips indicating the presence of a significant amount of arsenic.

Detail image of EVER 301236 showing white particulates on the legs indicative of the presence of arsenic.

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Overall image of EVER 4998 with the unchanged test strip indicating a negative result.

Detail image of EVER 4998 showing the white-yellow particulates found across a number of specimens.

V. Testing Protocol

The testing protocol achieves quality results by using arsenic test strips with surface samples taken from strategic locations throughout the specimens. For this project, it was determined that samples would be taken from the back of the neck, chest, and if particulates were found in significant quantities elsewhere, from this area as well. Samples were taken by dampening cotton swabs with distilled water, lightly swabbing the skin, and placing samples in a glass testing container.

For safety, tests were run in a fume hood and RLA staff wore protective equipment at all times.

This included full Tyvek® suits, full face respirators, and nitrile gloves. After each positive result or contact with surface particulates, nitrile gloves were changed out in order to prevent cross-contamination.

Testing was conducted using MQuant® Arsenic Test Kits purchased from Sigma-Aldrich®.

These test kits are a semi-quantitative method of measuring arsenic through the reaction of zinc, a solid acid, mercury (III) bromide, and arsenic (III) and (V). This reaction produces a color change on the test strip, which is then visually compared to the provided color scale. The color range was from pale yellow, the smallest detectable amount, to brown, a more significant amount. Testing was done with 10 mL of distilled water, which detects arsenic levels are low as

0.02 mg/L. The majority of the positive test strips were a light yellow, however a handful were a shade of brown.

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While our tests determined qualitative and not quantitative results, we were only testing for the presence or absence of arsenic. The results of the test strips were highly accurate by our standards from testing at the two (2) other National Park sites.

VI. General Results:

Below are general results and observations from testing. The individual results for each specimen can be found in the attached survey sheet which includes the location, catalogue number, description, and survey/testing results for each specimen.

Out of the 419 specimens listed, only 399 were tested. Those specimens excluded from the testing survey include nineteen (19) bones and two (2) specimens that were not found. Due to the lack of organic material that attract pests such as skin, fur, or feathers, arsenic would not have been used on bone specimens. EVER 126, a great blue heron skull, was tested as a representative sample for the group of bones. This skull tested negative for arsenic and therefore it can be assumed that the remaining bones in the drawer are also negative for arsenic contamination.

Reptile skins would also not have been a candidate for the use of arsenical soaps, however these were tested for cross-contamination. None of the six (6) skin specimens tested positive for arsenic.

Of the 399 specimens tested, 99 tested positive for the presence of arsenic, giving a percent positivity rate of approximately 25%. One bone specimen, EVER 126, was tested as a representative sample for the drawer of bones. This specimen, as expected, tested negative.

The majority, approximately 63%, of the taxidermy collection was prepared between the 1960s and 1970s. These two decades of specimens, however, had lower rates of positivity with percent positivity rates of 28% and 13%, respectively. The decade with the highest positivity rate was specimens prepared in the 1950s, at a rate of 55%. Interestingly, the next highest decade was specimens prepared in the 2000s, at 44% positive. It is most likely that this positivity rate was a result of cross-contamination due to the fact that arsenic use had fallen out of favor by this time period. Additionally, the small sample number of specimens prepared during this decade, nine

(9) total, would not be considered significantly representative.

Prior to testing, each taxidermy specimen was examined for white particulates on the surface, which can be a sign of the arsenic migrating out of the specimen and are normally found at the base of hair and feathers, around the eyes, at the base of the ears, or around the mouth or bill. Of the 419 specimens, 200 were found to have whitish-yellow particulates on the surface. Of these 200, only 59 specimen tested positive for arsenic, approximately 30%. The remaining 141 specimens that tested negative for arsenic should be further tested for other chemical pesticides given the amount of particulates observed on the surface.

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All liquid waste produced by arsenic testing was contained in polypropylene containers and disposed of by RLA staff through a local hazardous waste disposal company following all EPA regulations for appropriate disposal.

VII. Future Recommendations and Handling Instructions

Treatment recommendations:

Due to the large quantity of specimens and lingering questions regarding surface particulates found on the specimens, RLA recommends future treatment be carried out in multiple phases.

Phase I:

1. Isolate all arsenic positive specimens in plastic bags.

2. Consolidate all arsenic positive specimens into the same cabinetry to prevent cross-contamination.

3. Individually label specimens clearly with “ARSENIC” and post warning labels on cabinetry containing the specimens.

4. Post clear handling guidelines in the storage area (see NPS Conserve O Gram 2/197).

5. Note arsenic positive results for individual specimens in their database records.

Phase II:

Please note: it is recommended that this phase of work be undertaken in a well-ventilated space and wearing the appropriate safety gear. This includes full-face respirators, Tyvek® suits, and nitrile gloves. Brushes used for cleaning arsenic positive specimen should not be used for any other purpose and disposed of using a hazardous waste company when treatment is complete.

1. Dry clean arsenic positive specimen with a HEPA-filtered vacuum and soft brushes.

2. Wet clean specimen using distilled water and cotton swabs. If necessary, clean with a gentle conservation grade detergent (such as Orvus® WA Paste) followed by distilled water to remove detergent residue.

3. Re-test specimens for arsenic to determine if a detectable amount of arsenic was removed.

Phase III:

1. Contract the services of a conservation scientist to conduct further testing of the specimens for other toxic chemical pesticides. Other commonly used pesticides used between the 1800s and 1980s include mercuric chloride, strychnine, DDT, and ethylene oxide8. We recommend this analysis be done through the implementation of a portable x-ray fluorescence (pXRF) spectrometer. A pXRF utilizes an x-ray source to non-invasively measure the elemental composition on or near the surface of an object. This

7 National Park Service. (2002). Conserve O Gram. Guidelines for The Handling of Pesticide Contaminated Collections, 2(19), 1–4. https://www.nps.gov/museum/publications/conserveogram/02-19.pdf 8 National Park Service. (2001). Conserve O Gram. Chronology of Pesticides Used on Natural Park Service Collections, 2(16), 1–7. https://www.nps.gov/museum/publications/conserveogram/02-16.pdf

RLA CONSERVATION, INC. • November 2021 10 would allow for testing of a wider range of chemicals at one time and can be done semi-quantitatively and efficiently.

2. Results from this analysis would most likely come with further recommendations for treatment and handling of the natural history collection.

Handling:

Due to the health hazards presented by the presence of arsenic in the collection, specimens that have tested positive should not be handled. If it is necessary to handle the specimens, staff should wear the appropriate personal protective equipment including a full-face respirator, nitrile gloves, and a protective covering such as a Tyvek® suit or apron. Gloves should be changed out and disposed of appropriately after handling arsenic positive specimen.

VIII. Conclusions

By implementing the recommended handling guidelines, labeling of arsenic positive specimen, and phased treatment recommendations, NPS can appropriately maintain their natural history collection. Based on the survey testing, one in four specimens have been treated with arsenic and present a risk to NPS staff and researchers. As this project was limited to the testing of specimens for the presence or absence of arsenic and was not intended to test for other toxic pesticides, the remainder of the collection should be treated as hazardous until further testing can be conducted.

Prepared by: Edited and Approved by:

Elena Bowen, Assistant Conservator Rosa Lowinger, Principal & Chief Conservator

NATIONAL PARK SERVICE- EVERGLADES, DRY TORTUGAS, AND BISCAYNE NATIONAL PARKS; BIG CYPRESS

NATIONAL PRESERVE; AND DE SOTO NATIONAL MEMORIAL

RLA CONSERVATION, INC. • November 2021 11

Appendix A: Survey Form

LOCATION CATALOG # DESCRIPTION, DATE

COLLECTED

ARSENIC

VISIBLE

PARTICULATES?

CURRENTLY

IN PLASTIC?

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

03, DR 01 DRTO 5256 Black Rat. 1974 x x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

03, DR 01 EVER 124 Round-tailed muskrat. Study skin. 1963 X

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

03, DR 01 EVER 131

Mink. Dark brown. Prepared by Vicki Sullivan on

7/25/1963.

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

03, DR 01 EVER 546 Virginia opossum. 1964 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

03, DR 01 EVER 4554 Cotton mouse. 1949

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

03, DR 01 EVER 4555 Black rat. 1949 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

03, DR 01 EVER 4556 Oryzomys palustris. 1949

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

03, DR 01 EVER 4557 Hispid cotton rat 1949

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

03, DR 01 EVER 4647 Mink. Study skin. 1960 x x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

03, DR 01 EVER 6853 Spotted skunk. Study skin.1976 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

03, DR 01 EVER 6854 Gray squirrel. Study skin.

1965 x x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

03, DR 01 EVER 58863 Big Cypress fox squirrel.

2002 x

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03, DR 01 EVER 301254 Gray squirrel. N.d. x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

03, DR 01 EVER 301793

Mapache común --common raccoon --raton laveur --northern raccoon --Raccoon.

x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

03, EVER 135

Fox squirrel --Ardilla zorra --eastern fox squirrel. Before x x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

03, DR 01 EVER 301788 Raccoon skull and fur. 1987 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

03, DR 02 EVER 132 Marsh rabbit. 1963 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

03, DR 02 EVER 545 Bobcat. 1963

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

03, DR 02 EVER 6856 Bobcat. Study skin. 1972 x x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

03, DR 02 EVER 6857 Sylvilagus palustris. 1967 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

03, DR 02 EVER 58864 Mangrove Fox Squirrel.

03, DR 02 EVER 58865 Mangrove Fox Squirrel.

03, DR 02 EVER 58887 Mangrove Fox Squirrel. 2006 x x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

03, DR 02 EVER 306161 Northern short-tailed shrew, skull and skin. N.d.

03, DR 02 EVER 306162 Northern short-tailed shrew, skull and skin. N.d.

x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

03, DR 03 EVER 4705

Bobcat --Lince americano --lynx roux. Skull and skin.

x

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03, DR 05 EVER 544

Gray fox --Zorra gris --common gray fox --renard gris. 1962

03, DR 05 EVER 301255 River otter. N.d. x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

03, DR 06 BICY 22094 African rock python. Before

03, DR 06 BICY 22095 Yellow anaconda. Before

03, DR 06 EVER 46499 Raccoon. 1967

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

23, DR 01 BICY 18295 Scarlet Kingsnake. N.d.

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

23, DR 01 BICY 18296 Pigmy Rattlesnake --Pygmy

Rattlesnake. N.d.

23, DR 01 BICY 18297

Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake --Eastern

Diamond-backed Rattlesnake.

N.d.

23, DR 01 BICY 18298 Cottonmouth. N.d.

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

23, DR 01 BICY 18303 Fox squirrel --Ardilla zorra --eastern fox squirrel. N.d. x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

23, DR 01 EVER 40875

Taxidermy mount of a sandwich tern. Prepared for exhibit at Flamingo Museum in the 1970s.

23, DR 02 BICY 18293

Aguililla pecho rojo --Red-shouldered Hawk --Buse à épaulettes. N.d.

9 Specimen not found.

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23, DR 02 BICY 18294 Pileated Woodpecker --grand pic. N.d.

23, DR 02 BICY 18301 Búho listado --Barred Owl --chouette rayée. N.d.

23, DR 02 BICY 18302 Lince americano --lynx roux -

-Bobcat. N.d.

24, DR 01 EVER 121 Mottled Duck --Pato tejano.

Wing only. Before 1963

24, DR 01 EVER 547

Mergo copetón --Red-breasted Merganser --harle huppé. 1964 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

24, DR 01 EVER 4661

Ganso blanco --Snow Goose - -oie des neiges. Head only.

24, DR 02 EVER 4967 Ganso blanco --Snow Goose -

-oie des neiges. 1970

24, DR 03 EVER 47

Codorniz cotuí --Northern Bobwhite --colin de Virginie.

Study skin. 1961 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

24, DR 03 EVER 4666

Codorniz cotuí --Northern Bobwhite --colin de Virginie.

N.d.

x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

24, DR 03 EVER 4669

Codorniz cotuí --Northern Bobwhite --colin de Virginie.

x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

24, DR 03 EVER 5029

Codorniz cotuí --Northern Bobwhite --colin de Virginie.

x x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

24, DR 03 EVER 306925

Codorniz cotuí --Northern Bobwhite --colin de Virginie.

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24, DR 04 EVER 4561 Colimbo mayor --Common

Loon --plongeon huard. 1951 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

24, DR 05 EVER 548

Zambullidor pico grueso -- Pied-billed Grebe --grèbe à bec bigarré. N.d.

x x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

24, DR 05 EVER 4954 Masked Booby --Bobo enmascarado. 1966

24, DR 05 EVER 4956

Zambullidor pico grueso -- Pied-billed Grebe --grèbe à bec bigarré. Wing only. 1970

24, DR 05 EVER 8608

Zambullidor pico grueso -- Pied-billed Grebe --grèbe à bec bigarré. 1994 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

24, DR 06 EVER 81 Garceta pie-dorado --Snowy

Egret --aigrette neigeuse. N.d.

24, DR 06 EVER 4966 Avetoro mínimo --Least

Bittern --petit blongios. N.d. x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

24, DR 06 EVER 5020 Green-backed Heron. N.d. x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

24, DR 06 EVER 5021 Garza ganadera --Cattle Egret

--héron garde-boeufs. 1972

24, DR 06 EVER 8621 Green-backed Heron. 1994 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

24, DR 07 EVER 61

Avetoro norteño --butor d'Amérique --American Bittern. Study skin. 1962 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

24, DR 07 EVER 65 Green-backed Heron. Study skin. 1961

24, DR 07 EVER 4650 Reddish Egret --Garceta rojiza. 1967 x

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25, DR 01 DRTO 600710 Partial skeleton

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

25, DR 01 EVER 6910

Picopando canelo --Marbled Godwit --barge marbrée.

Skull and bill. 1961

25, DR 01 EVER 86 Ibis blanco --White Ibis --ibis blanc. 1961

25, DR 01 EVER 100 White ibis. 1961

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

25, DR 01 EVER 104 Florida caerulea. 1961

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

25, DR 01 EVER 105

Cormorán orejudo --Double-crested Cormorant --cormoran à aigrettes. 1961

25, DR 01 EVER 108

Cormorán orejudo --Double-crested Cormorant --cormoran à aigrettes. Skull and beak. 1961

25, DR 01 EVER 109 Ardea herodia. Skull and beak. 1961

25, DR 01 EVER 111 Ibis blanco --White Ibis --ibis blanc. Skull and beak. 1961

25, DR 01 EVER 112 Egret. Skull and beak. 1961

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

25, DR 01 EVER 113

Garza morena --Great Blue Heron --grand héron. Skull and bill. 1961

25, DR 01 EVER 114 Ibis blanco --White Ibis --ibis blanc. Skull and bill. 1961

10 Bones, not tested. Specimen EVER 126 was tested as a representative sample for this group.

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25, DR 01 EVER 116 Ibis blanco --White Ibis --ibis

25, DR 01 EVER 119 Ibis blanco --White Ibis --ibis

25, DR 01 EVER 122 Ardea herodias. 1961

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

25, DR 01 EVER 123 Ardea herodias. Skull and bill. 1961

25, DR 01 EVER 125 Ardea herodias. 1961

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

25, DR 01 EVER 126 Ardea herodias. 1961

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

25, DR 01 EVER 128 Ardea herodias. 1961

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

25, DR 01 EVER 129 Ardea herodias. 1961

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

25, DR 02 EVER 7050 Garza morena --Great Blue

Heron --grand héron. N.d.

x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

25, DR 03 EVER 92 Roseate Spoonbill --Espátula rosada. Study skin. 1961

25, DR 03 EVER 106

Roseate Spoonbill --Espátula rosada. Skull and bill only.

x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

25, DR 03 EVER 4965 Wood Stork --Cigüeña americana. 1970

25, DR 04 EVER 5023

Aguililla pecho rojo --Red-shouldered Hawk --buse à épaulettes. 1968 x x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

25, DR 04 EVER 5024

Aguililla pecho rojo --Red-shouldered Hawk --buse à épaulettes. 1967 x x

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25, DR 04 EVER 5025

Aguililla pecho rojo --Red-shouldered Hawk --buse à épaulettes. 1970 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

25, DR 04 EVER 5027

Aguililla pecho rojo --Red-shouldered Hawk --buse à épaulettes. 1968 x x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

25, DR 04 EVER 5028

Aguililla pecho rojo --Red-shouldered Hawk --buse à épaulettes. 1962 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

25, DR 05 EVER 46

Aguililla pecho rojo --Red-shouldered Hawk --buse à épaulettes. 1950 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

25, DR 05 EVER 74

Aguililla pecho rojo --Red-shouldered Hawk --buse à épaulettes. 1961 x x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

25, DR 05 EVER 89

Aguililla pecho rojo --Red-shouldered Hawk --buse à épaulettes. Wings and talons only. 1960 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

25, DR 05 EVER 5026

Aguililla pecho rojo --Red-shouldered Hawk --buse à épaulettes. 1970 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

25, DR 06 EVER 5002

Aguililla ala ancha --Broad-winged Hawk --petite buse.

x x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

25, DR 06 EVER 5019

Aguililla ala ancha --Broad-winged Hawk --petite buse.

x x x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

25, DR 06 EVER 8687

Aguililla ala ancha --Broad-winged Hawk --petite buse.

RLA CONSERVATION, INC. • November 2021 19

25, DR 06 EVER 301244

Aguililla de Swainson -- Swainson's Hawk --buse de

Swainson. 1970 x x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

25, DR 06 EVER 301247

Aguililla ala ancha --Broad-winged Hawk --petite buse.

x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

26, DR 01 EVER 4668 Short-tailed Hawk --Aguililla cola corta. 1966 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

26, DR 01 EVER 5016 Short-tailed Hawk --Aguililla cola corta. 1972 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

26, DR 01 EVER 301229

Aguililla cola roja --Red-tailed Hawk --buse à queue rousse. N.d.

x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

26, DR 01 EVER 301235

Ferruginous Hawk --Aguililla real. Wing only - housed in ziploc bag. N.d.

x x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

26, DR 01 EVER 301252

Gavilán de Cooper --Cooper's Hawk --epervier de Cooper.

x x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

26, DR 02 EVER 64

American Swallow-tailed Kite --Milano tijereta --

Swallow-tailed Kite --milan à queue fourchue. Study skin.

Before 1963

26, DR 02 EVER 4670 Black-shouldered Kite. N.d. x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

26, DR 02 EVER 4958

Gavilán pecho rufo --Sharp-shinned Hawk --epervier brun. 1972 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

26, DR 02 EVER 5017 Harris' Hawk --Aguililla rojinegra. 1969 x x

RLA CONSERVATION, INC. • November 2021 20

26, DR 02 EVER 7010

Gavilán pecho rufo --Sharp-shinned Hawk --epervier brun. N.d.

x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

26, DR 02 EVER 5018 Gavilán rastrero --Northern

Harrier --busard saint-martin.

x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

26, DR 03 EVER 4999 Gavilán pescador --Osprey --balbuzard pêcheur. 1971

26, DR 03 EVER 5003 Gavilán pescador --Osprey --balbuzard pêcheur 1971 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

26, DR 03 EVER 301230

Gavilán pescador --Osprey --balbuzard pêcheur. Wings for demonstration. 1985 x x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

26, DR 04 EVER 4671

Cernícalo americano --crécerelle d'Amérique -- American Kestrel. N.d.

x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

26, DR 04 EVER 4928

Cernícalo americano --crécerelle d'Amérique -- American Kestrel. 1972

26, DR 04 EVER 4959 Halcón esmerejón --faucon émerillon --Merlin. 1970 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

26, DR 04 EVER 4960

Cernícalo americano --crécerelle d'Amérique -- American Kestrel. 1970 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

26, DR 04 EVER 4961 Halcón esmerejón --faucon émerillon --Merlin. 1960 x x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

26, DR 05 EVER 66 Rascón real --King Rail --râle élégant. Study skin. 1960 x x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

26, DR 05 EVER 67 Clapper Rail --Rascón picudo. Study skin. 1961 x x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

26, DR 05 EVER 90 Rascón real --King Rail --râle élégant. Study skin. 1960 x x

RLA CONSERVATION, INC. • November 2021 21

26, DR 05 EVER 4952 Rascón real --King Rail --râle élégant. 1964 x x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

26, DR 05 EVER 4953 Clapper Rail --Rascón picudo. 1969 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

26, DR 05 EVER 301227 Rascón real --King Rail --râle élégant. N.d. x x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

26, DR 06 EVER 4957

Gallareta americana -- American Coot --foulque d'Amérique. N.d.

x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

26, DR 06 EVER 301232

Gallineta frente roja -- Common Moorhen --gallinule poule-d'eau. 1960 x x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

26, DR 06 EVER 301234 Limpkin --Carao. 1954 x x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

26, DR 07 EVER 4950 Rascón limícola --Virginia

Rail --râle de Virginie. 1964 x x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

26, DR 07 EVER 4951 Polluela sora --Sora --marouette de Caroline. 1971 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

26, DR 07 EVER 301236 Grulla gris --Sandhill Crane -

-grue du Canada. N.d. x x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

27, DR 01 EVER 68

Chorlo tildío --Killdeer --pluvier kildir. Study skin.

x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

27, DR 01 EVER 4545 Playero dorso rojo --Dunlin --bécasseau variable. 1960 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

27, DR 01 EVER 4658 Playero blanco --Sanderling -

-bécasseau sanderling. 1964

27, DR 01 EVER 4659 Playero blanco --Sanderling -

-bécasseau sanderling. 1964 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

27, DR 01 EVER 4660 Playero blanco --Sanderling -

-bécasseau sanderling. 1964 x

RLA CONSERVATION, INC. • November 2021 22

27, DR 01 EVER 4673 Playero blanco --Sanderling -

-bécasseau sanderling. 1964 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

27, DR 01 EVER 4674 Playero blanco --Sanderling -

-bécasseau sanderling. 1964 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

27, DR 01 EVER 5000 Chorlo tildío --Killdeer --pluvier kildir. 1970 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

27, DR 01 EVER 5011 Chorlo gris --Black-bellied

Plover --pluvier argenté. N.d.

x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

27, DR 01 EVER 5012 Chorlo tildío --Killdeer --pluvier kildir. 1970 x x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

27, DR 02 EVER 57

Chorlo semipalmeado -- Semipalmated Plover --pluvier à semipalmé. Study skin. 1960 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

27, DR 02 EVER 4544 Wilson's Plover --Chorlo pico grueso. 1960 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

27, DR 02 EVER 4546 Playero dorso rojo --Dunlin --bécasseau variable. 1960

27, DR 02 EVER 4547 Playero dorso rojo --Dunlin --bécasseau variable. 1960

27, DR 02 EVER 4672

Playero de Baird --Baird's Sandpiper --bécasseau de

Baird. 1967 x x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

27, DR 02 EVER 5008

Playero semipalmeado -- Semipalmated Sandpiper --bécasseau semipalmé. 1974 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

27, DR 02 EVER 5010

Agachona común --Common Snipe --bécassine des marais.

x x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

27, DR 02 EVER 301231

Playero dorso rojo --Dunlin --bécasseau variable. Wings only. 1960

RLA CONSERVATION, INC. • November 2021 23

27, DR 03 EVER 5005

Costurero pico largo --Long-billed Dowitcher --bécassin à long bec. 1965 x x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

27, DR 03 EVER 5006

Costurero pico largo --Long-billed Dowitcher --bécassin à long bec. 1965 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

27, DR 03 EVER 5007

Costurero pico largo --Long-billed Dowitcher --bécassin à long bec. 1965

27, DR 03 EVER 4974 Charrán sombrío --Sooty

Tern. N.d.

x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

27, DR 03 EVER 4975 Charrán sombrío --Sooty

Tern. N.d.

x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

27, DR 04 DRTO 713 Charrán sombrío --Sooty

Tern. 1994

27, DR 04 EVER 4963 Charrán sombrío --Sooty

Tern. 1961

27, DR 04 EVER 4972 Charrán sombrío --Sooty

Tern. 1965

27, DR 04 EVER 4976 Charrán sombrío --Sooty

Tern. 1965 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

27, DR 04 EVER 4977 Charrán sombrío --Sooty

Tern. N.d.

27, DR 04 EVER 4978 Charrán sombrío --Sooty

Tern. N.d.

27, DR 04 EVER 5009 Charrán sombrío --Sooty

Tern. N.d. x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

27, DR 05 EVER 4909 Charrán sombrío --Sooty

Tern. 1972 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

27, DR 05 EVER 4910 Charrán sombrío --Sooty

Tern. 1971

RLA CONSERVATION, INC. • November 2021 24

27, DR 05 EVER 5014

Charrán común --Common Tern --sterne pierregarin.

27, DR 05 EVER 301226 Charrán sombrío --Sooty

Tern. 1971 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

27, DR 06 EVER 4541 Charrán de Forster --Forster's

Tern --sterne de Forster. 1959 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

27, DR 06 EVER 4971 Brown Noddy --Charrán-bobo café. 1965 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

27, DR 06 EVER 4686 Brown Noddy --Charrán-bobo café. N.d.

27, DR 06 EVER 4687 Brown Noddy --Charrán-bobo café. N.d.

27, DR 06 EVER 4930 Charrán común --Common

Tern --sterne pierregarin. N.d.

x x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

27, DR 06 EVER 4968

Charrán común --Common Tern --sterne pierregarin.

27, DR 07 EVER 4970 Charrán negro --Black Tern --guifette noire. 1965

27, DR 06 EVER 4973 Charrán sombrío --Sooty

Tern. 1965

27, DR 06 EVER 4969 Sandwich Tern --sterne sandvicensis. 1965 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

27, DR 06

EVER 4969

T164

Common Tern --sterne hirundo. 1974

27, DR 07 EVER 4685 Charrán caspia --Caspian

Tern --sterne caspienne. 1966 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

27, DR 07 DRTO 637 Charrán sombrío --Sooty

Tern. 1993 x x

RLA CONSERVATION, INC. • November 2021 25

27, DR 07 EVER 4558 Dovekie --mergule main.

1952 x x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

27, DR 07 EVER 4964 Dovekie --mergule main.

1962 x x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

27, DR 08 EVER 5013

Patamarilla mayor --Greater Yellowlegs --grand chevalier.

x x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

27, DR 07 EVER 5015 Royal Tern --Charrán real.

27, DR 07 EVER 306923 Charrán caspia --Caspian

Tern --sterne caspienne. 1960 x x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

27, DR 07 EVER 306924 Charrán caspia --Caspian

Tern --sterne caspienne. 1960 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

27, DR 08 EVER 4540 Gaviota reidora --Laughing

Gull --mouette atricille. 1959 x x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

27, DR 08 EVER 4962

Rayador americano --Black Skimmer --bec-en-ciseaux noir. 1973 x x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

27, DR 08 EVER 301251

Salteador pomarino -- Pomarine Jaeger --labbe pomarin. 1994 x x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

27, DR 08 EVER 306921

Rayador americano --Black Skimmer --bec-en-ciseaux noir. 1961 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

27, DR 08 EVER 306922

Gaviota pico anillado --Ring-billed Gull --goéland à bec cerclé. 1961 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

28, DR 01 DRTO 5250 Patagioenas leucocephala. x x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

28, DR 01 EVER 4915 Paloma huilota --Mourning

Dove --tourterelle triste. 1966 x x

RLA CONSERVATION, INC. • November 2021 26

28, DR 01 EVER 4924 Common Ground-Dove --

Tórtola coquita. 1971 x x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

28, DR 01 EVER 5001

Paloma ala blanca --White-winged Dove --tourterelle à ailes blanches. 1972 x x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

28, DR 01 EVER 7019

Cuclillo pico amarillo -- Yellow-billed Cuckoo --coulicou à bec jaune. N.d.

x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

28, DR 01 EVER 7051 Patagioenas leucocephala.

N.d. x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

28, DR 01 EVER 24750 Streptopelia decaocto. 1993 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

28, DR 01 EVER 301237 Ringed Turtle-Dove. 1965 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

28, DR 02 DRTO 5249

Cuclillo pico amarillo -- Yellow-billed Cuckoo --coulicou à bec jaune, N.d.

x x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

28, DR 02 EVER 4560 Cuclillo manglero --

Mangrove Cuckoo. 1971

28, DR 02 EVER 4667 Smooth-billed Ani --

Garrapatero pico liso. 1967 x x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

28, DR 02 EVER 4917 Cuclillo manglero --

Mangrove Cuckoo. 1971 x x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

28, DR 02 EVER 4918 Smooth-billed Ani --

Garrapatero pico liso. N.d.

x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

28, DR 02 EVER 4919 Smooth-billed Ani --

Garrapatero pico liso. 1971 x x x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

28, DR 02 EVER 4920

Cuclillo pico negro --Black-billed Cuckoo --coulicou à bec noir. 1972 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

28, DR 02 EVER 4922 Smooth-billed Ani --

Garrapatero pico liso. N.d.

RLA CONSERVATION, INC. • November 2021 27

28, DR 02 EVER 4923 Smooth-billed Ani --

Garrapatero pico liso. N.d.

x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

28, DR 02 EVER 4925 Cuclillo manglero --

Mangrove Cuckoo. 1969 x x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

28, DR 02 EVER 4927 Cuclillo manglero --

Mangrove Cuckoo. 1967 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

28, DR 03 EVER 91

Common Barn-Owl -- Lechuza de campanario --

Barn Owl --effraie de clochers. Study skin. 1960 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

28, DR 03 EVER 120

Búho listado --Barred Owl --chouette rayée. Study skin.

28, DR 03 EVER 301194

Búho listado --Barred Owl --chouette rayée. Study skin.

x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

28, DR 04 BISC 4789

Tecolote oriental --petit-duc maculé --Eastern Screech-

Owl. 1985 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

28, DR 04 EVER 43

Burrowing Owl --chevêche des terriers --Tecolote llanero. 1961 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

28, DR 04 EVER 76

Tecolote oriental --petit-duc maculé --Eastern Screech-

Owl. Study skin. 1960 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

28, DR 04 EVER 118

Tecolote oriental --petit-duc maculé --Eastern Screech-

Owl. Study skin. 1960 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

28, DR 04 EVER 4908

Tecolote oriental --petit-duc maculé --Eastern Screech-

Owl. 1972

RLA CONSERVATION, INC. • November 2021 28

28, DR 04 EVER 5035

Búho cuerno corto --Short-eared Owl --hibou des marais.

x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

28, DR 04 EVER 7018

Tecolote oriental --petit-duc maculé --Eastern Screech-

Owl. N.d.

x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

28, DR 05 EVER 7052

Búho cornudo --Great Horned Owl --grand-duc d'Amérique.

N.d.

x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

28, DR 05 EVER 301197

Búho cuerno corto --Short-eared Owl --hibou des marais.

x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

28, DR 06 EVER 4993

Tapacamino cuerporruín-norteño --Whip-poor-will --engoulevent bois-pourri. 1964 x x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

28, DR 06 EVER 4995

Tapacamino cuerporruín-norteño --Whip-poor-will --engoulevent bois-pourri. 1971 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

28, DR 06 EVER 4997

Tapacamino cuerporruín-norteño --Whip-poor-will --engoulevent bois-pourri. 1974 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

28, DR 06 EVER 301195

Chotacabras zumbón -- Common Nighthawk --engoulevent d'Amérique.

x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

28, DR 06 EVER 301196

Chotacabras zumbón -- Common Nighthawk --engoulevent d'Amérique.

x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

28, DR 06 EVER 301198 Chotacabras zumbón --

Common Nighthawk --

RLA CONSERVATION, INC. • November 2021 29 engoulevent d'Amérique.

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

28, DR 06 EVER 301199

Tapacamino de Carolina -- Chuck-will's-widow --engoulevent de Caroline.

x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

28, DR 06 EVER 301200

Tapacamino de Carolina -- Chuck-will's-widow --engoulevent de Caroline.

28, DR 06 EVER 301201

Tapacamino de Carolina -- Chuck-will's-widow --engoulevent de Caroline.

x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

28, DR 07 EVER 4684 Belted Kingfisher. 1965

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

28, DR 07 EVER 4861

Colibrí garganta rubí --Ruby-throated Hummingbird --colibri à gorge rubis. 1972

28, DR 07 EVER 4992

Vencejo de chimenea -- Chimney Swift --martinet ramoneur. 1959 x x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

28, DR 07 EVER 301208 Belted Kingfisher. 1962 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

28, DR 07 EVER 301215 Belted Kingfisher. 1965 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

28, DR 07 EVER 306950 Belted Kingfisher. 1963 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

29, DR 01 EVER 4542 Red-bellied Woodpecker --pic à ventre roux. 1960

RLA CONSERVATION, INC. • November 2021 30

29, DR 01 EVER 4867

Carpintero velloso-menor -- Downy Woodpecker --pic mineur. 1970

29, DR 01 EVER 4929

Carpintero de pechera -- Northern Flicker --pic flamboyant. 1972 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

29, DR 01 EVER 4994 Pileated Woodpecker --grand pic. N.d.

x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

29, DR 01 EVER 4998 Pileated Woodpecker --grand pic. N.d.

x x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

29, DR 01 EVER 7012

Chupasavia maculado -- Yellow-bellied Sapsucker --pic maculé. N.d.

x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

29, DR 01 EVER 301210

Chupasavia maculado -- Yellow-bellied Sapsucker --pic maculé. 1961 x x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

29, DR 01 EVER 301213 Red-bellied Woodpecker --pic à ventre roux. N.d.

x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

29, DR 01 EVER 301214

Carpintero de pechera -- Northern Flicker --pic flamboyant. 1961 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

29, DR 01 EVER 301218

Carpintero de pechera -- Northern Flicker --pic flamboyant. 1986

29, DR 02 EVER 146 Tirano dorso negro --Eastern

Kingbird --tyran tritri. 1961 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

29, DR 02 EVER 4548

Alcaudón verdugo -- Loggerhead Shrike --pie-grièche migratrice. 1960 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

29, DR 02 EVER 4651

Mosquero verdoso --Acadian Flycatcher --moucherolle vert. 1966

RLA CONSERVATION, INC. • November 2021 31

29, DR 02 EVER 4652

Mosquero ailero --Alder Flycatcher --moucherolle des aulnes. 1966 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

29, DR 02 EVER 4653

Mosquero vientre amarillo -- Yellow-bellied Flycatcher --moucherolle à ventre jaune.

29, DR 02 EVER 4654

Mosquero mímimo --Least Flycatcher --moucherolle tchébec. 1966 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

29, DR 02 EVER 4655

Mosquero ailero --Alder Flycatcher --moucherolle des aulnes. 1966 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

29, DR 02 EVER 4656

Mosquero ailero --Alder Flycatcher --moucherolle des aulnes. 1967 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

29, DR 02 EVER 4858 Pibí oriental --Eastern Wood-

Pewee --pioui de l'est. N.d.

29, DR 02 EVER 4859 Tirano dorso negro --Eastern

Kingbird --tyran tritri. N.d.

29, DR 02 EVER 4874

Vireo ojo blanco --White-eyed Vireo --viréo aux yeux blancs. 1971

29, DR 02 EVER 4878

Vireo ojo blanco --White-blancs. 1969

29, DR 02 EVER 4879

Vireo ojo blanco --White-eyed Vireo --viréo aux yeux blancs. 1972 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

29, DR 02 EVER 4882 Mosquero vientre amarillo --

Yellow-bellied Flycatcher --

RLA CONSERVATION, INC. • November 2021 32

N.d.

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

29, DR 02 EVER 4886

Vireo ojo rojo --Red-eyed Vireo --viréo aux yeux rouges. N.d.

29, DR 02 EVER 4982

Papamoscas viajero --Great Crested Flycatcher --tyran huppé. 1970 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

29, DR 02 EVER 4983

Mosquero saucero --Willow Flycatcher --moucherolle des saules. 1967

29, DR 02 EVER 4984 Empidonax Flycatchers. 1968 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

29, DR 02 EVER 4985

Mosquero vientre amarillo -- Yellow-bellied Flycatcher --

29, DR 02 EVER 7014

Vireo ojo rojo --Red-eyed Vireo --viréo aux yeux rouges. 1985 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

29, DR 02 EVER 301202 Tirano dorso negro --Eastern

Kingbird --tyran tritri. N.d.

x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

29, DR 02 EVER 301204

Papamoscas viajero --Great Crested Flycatcher --tyran huppé. 1961

29, DR 02 EVER 305856

Alcaudón verdugo -- Loggerhead Shrike --pie-grièche migratrice. 1996 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

29, DR 02 EVER 5035

Vireo ojo blanco --White-blancs. 1971

RLA CONSERVATION, INC. • November 2021 33

29, DR 03 EVER 4949 Chara azul --Blue Jay --geai bleu. 1971

29, DR 03 EVER 4980 Iridoprocne bicolor. 1970 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

29, DR 03 EVER 4981 Iridoprocne bicolor. 1974 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

29, DR 03 EVER 4987

Golondrina tijereta --Barn Swallow --hirondelle rustique. N.d.

x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

29, DR 03 EVER 4989 Iridoprocne bicolor. 1978 x x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

29, DR 03 EVER 4991 Iridoprocne bicolor. 1978 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

29, DR 03 EVER 4988 Iridoprocne bicolor. 1979

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

29, DR 03 EVER 7015

Golondrina tijereta --Barn Swallow --hirondelle rustique. N.d.

x x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

29, DR 03 EVER 301205

Golondrina tijereta --Barn Swallow --hirondelle rustique. 1961 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

29, DR 03 EVER 301207

Cuervo americano -- American Crow --corneille d'Amérique. 1966 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

29, DR 03 EVER 301209

Golondrina ribereña --Bank Swallow --hirondelle de rivage. 1961

29, DR 03 EVER 301217 Scrub Jay --Chara pecho rayado. 1981

29, DR 04 EVER 4675

Chivirín de Carolina -- Carolina Wren --troglodyte de Caroline. 1966

RLA CONSERVATION, INC. • November 2021 34

29, DR 04 EVER 4681

Chivirín saltapared --House Wren --troglodyte familier.

29, DR 04 EVER 4682 Zorzal maculado --Wood

Thrush --grive des bois. 1966 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

29, DR 04 EVER 4905 Zorzal maculado --Wood

Thrush --grive des bois. 1962 x x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

29, DR 04 EVER 4912

Zorzal cara gris --Gray-cheeked Thrush --grive à joues grises. 1979 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

29, DR 04 EVER 4932 Japanese White-eye. 1968

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

29, DR 04 EVER 4936

Mirlo primavera --American Robin --merle d'Amérique.

x x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

29, DR 04 EVER 4939 Zorzal maculado --Wood

Thrush --grive des bois. 1972 x x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

29, DR 04 EVER 4942

Chivirín de Carolina -- Carolina Wren --troglodyte de Caroline. 1967

29, DR 04 EVER 4948

Mirlo primavera --American Robin --merle d'Amérique.

x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

29, DR 04 EVER 8676

Mirlo primavera --American Robin --merle d'Amérique.

N.d.

x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

29, DR 04 EVER 24752

Mirlo primavera --American Robin --merle d'Amérique.

x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

29, DR 05 EVER 4543 Maullador gris --Gray Catbird

--moqueur chat. 1960

RLA CONSERVATION, INC. • November 2021 35

29, DR 05 EVER 4895

Cuitlacoche rojizo --Brown Thrasher --moqueur roux.

x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

29, DR 05 EVER 4935 Maullador gris --Gray Catbird

--moqueur chat. 1972 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

29, DR 05 EVER 4938 Maullador gris --Gray Catbird

--moqueur chat. 1971 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

29, DR 05 EVER 4941 Maullador gris --Gray Catbird

--moqueur chat. N.d.

29, DR 05 EVER 4943

Centzontle norteño -- Northern Mockingbird --moqueur polyglotte. 1971

29, DR 05 EVER 4944 Maullador gris --Gray Catbird

--moqueur chat. 1971

29, DR 05 EVER 4945 Maullador gris --Gray Catbird

--moqueur chat. 1971 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

29, DR 05 EVER 4947

Centzontle norteño -- Northern Mockingbird --moqueur polyglotte. 1971

29, DR 05 EVER 8683

Aguililla cola roja --Red-tailed Hawk --buse à queue rousse. N.d.

x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

29, DR 05 EVER 42520 Maullador gris --Gray Catbird

--moqueur chat. 1993 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

29, DR 05 EVER 301238 Maullador gris --Gray Catbird

--moqueur chat. 1961 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

29, DR 05 EVER 301245 Maullador gris --Gray Catbird

--moqueur chat. 1995 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

29, DR 05 EVER 301246 Maullador gris --Gray Catbird

--moqueur chat. 1996

RLA CONSERVATION, INC. • November 2021 36

29, DR 05 EVER 305857

Centzontle norteño -- Northern Mockingbird --moqueur polyglotte. 1996 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

29, DR 06 EVER 4676

Estornino pinto --European Starling --étourneau sansonnet. N.d.

29, DR 06 EVER 4678 Chipe suelero --Ovenbird --paruline couronnée. 1965

29, DR 06 EVER 4679 Chipe suelero --Ovenbird --paruline couronnée. 1965

29, DR 06 EVER 4862

Estornino pinto --European Starling --étourneau sansonnet. 1972

29, DR 06 EVER 4864

Estornino pinto --European Starling --étourneau sansonnet. 1972 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

29, DR 06 EVER 4880 Chipe suelero --Ovenbird --paruline couronnée. 1971

29, DR 06 EVER 4881 Chipe suelero --Ovenbird --paruline couronnée. 1971

29, DR 06 EVER 4913

Ampelis chinito --Cedar Waxwing --jaseur d'Amérique. N.d.

x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

29, DR 06 EVER 4933

Ampelis chinito --Cedar Waxwing --jaseur d'Amérique. 1972 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

29, DR 06 EVER 4934

Ampelis chinito --Cedar Waxwing --jaseur d'Amérique. 1972

29, DR 06 EVER 4937

Ampelis chinito --Cedar Waxwing --jaseur d'Amérique. 1972

RLA CONSERVATION, INC. • November 2021 37

29, DR 06 EVER 4940

Ampelis chinito --Cedar Waxwing --jaseur d'Amérique. 1971 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

29, DR 06 EVER 5032 Chipe suelero --Ovenbird --paruline couronnée. 1970

29, DR 06 EVER 24753

Ampelis chinito --Cedar Waxwing --jaseur d'Amérique. 1993 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

29, DR 06 EVER 42521 Chipe suelero --Ovenbird --paruline couronnée. 1992 x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

29, DR 06 EVER 301211 Chipe suelero --Ovenbird --paruline couronnée. 1961

29, DR 06 EVER 301212 Chipe suelero --Ovenbird --paruline couronnée. 1961

29, DR 07 DRTO 5245

Chipe castaño --Bay-breasted Warbler --paruline à poitrine baie. N.d.

x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

29, DR 07 EVER 63

Vireo ojo blanco --White-blancs. Study skin. 1961

29, DR 07 EVER 4903

Chipe gorra negra --Blackpoll Warbler --paruline rayée.

x

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

29, DR 07 EVER 71

Chipe charquero --Northern Waterthrush --paruline des ruisseaux. Study skin. 1961

29, DR 07 EVER 82

Chipe trepador --Black-and-white Warbler --paruline noir et blanc. Study skin. 1960

29, DR 07 EVER 95 Chipe azulnegro --Black-throated Blue Warbler --

RLA CONSERVATION, INC. • November 2021 38 paruline bleue. Study skin.

DBRC, ROOM 58, CAB

29, DR 07 EVER 4559

Chipe negrogris --Black-throated Gray Warbler --paruline grise. Before 1960 x

DBRC, ROOM 58,…