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SEE ADDENDUMIS CHECKED

CODE 18a. PAYMENT WILL BE MADE BY

CODE

FACILITYCODE

17b. CHECK IF REMITTANCE IS DIFFERENT AND PUT SUCH ADDRESS IN OFFER

OFFEROR

DSC

Denver CO 80225-0287 P.O. Box 25287 12795 W. Alameda Pkwy DOI, NPS, DSC Contracting Services

CODE 16. ADMINISTERED BYCODE

X

X

X

562910

SIZE STANDARD:

100.00 % FOR:SET ASIDE:UNRESTRICTED ORPDS

RFPIFB

10. THIS ACQUISITION ISCODE

RFQ

14. METHOD OF SOLICITATION

13b. RATING

NAICS:

SMALL BUSINESS

10/11/2021 1400 MS

09/30/2021

303 969 2064Todd Stackhouse (No collect calls)

INFORMATION CALL:

FOR SOLICITATION 8. OFFER DUE DATE/LOCAL TIMEb. TELEPHONE NUMBER a. NAME

4. ORDER NUMBER3. AWARD/ 6. SOLICITATION

140P2021Q0013

5. SOLICITATION NUMBER

SOLICITATION/CONTRACT/ORDER FOR COMMERCIAL ITEMS 1. REQUISITION NUMBER PAGE OF

1 65 OFFEROR TO COMPLETE BLOCKS 12, 17, 23, 24, & 30

TELEPHONE NO.

17a. CONTRACTOR/

15. DELIVER TO

Denver CO 80225-0287 P.O. Box 25287 12795 W. Alameda Pkwy

9. ISSUED BY

7.

2. CONTRACT NO.

EFFECTIVE DATE

18b. SUBMIT INVOICES TO ADDRESS SHOWN IN BLOCK 18a UNLESS BLOCK BELOW

ISSUE DATE

DELIVERY FOR FOB DESTINA-

TION UNLESS BLOCK IS

MARKED

11.

SEE SCHEDULE

12. DISCOUNT TERMS

THIS CONTRACT IS A

RATED ORDER UNDER

DPAS (15 CFR 700)

13a.

SERVICE-DISABLED

VETERAN-OWNED

SMALL BUSINESS

HUBZONE SMALL

BUSINESS

8(A)

NPS, DSC Contracting Services Div

WOMEN-OWNED SMALL BUSINESS

(WOSB) ELIGIBLE UNDER THE WOMEN-OWNED

SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAM

EDWOSB

24.

AMOUNT

23.

UNIT PRICE

22.

UNIT

21.

QUANTITY

20.

SCHEDULE OF SUPPLIES/SERVICES

19.

ITEM NO.

GRTE 225661 - Plant Salvage Legacy Doc #: NPS Period of Performance: 10/15/2021 to 01/23/2022

(Use Reverse and/or Attach Additional Sheets as Necessary)

HEREIN, IS ACCEPTED AS TO ITEMS:

X

DATED

Todd Stackhouse

. YOUR OFFER ON SOLICITATION (BLOCK 5),

INCLUDING ANY ADDITIONS OR CHANGES WHICH ARE SET FORTH

COPIES TO ISSUING OFFICE. CONTRACTOR AGREES TO FURNISH AND DELIVER

ARE

ARE

31c. DATE SIGNED

27b. CONTRACT/PURCHASE ORDER INCORPORATES BY REFERENCE FAR 52.212-4. FAR 52.212-5 IS ATTACHED. ADDENDA

31a. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (SIGNATURE OF CONTRACTING OFFICER)

30c. DATE SIGNED 31b. NAME OF CONTRACTING OFFICER (Type or print)

ALL ITEMS SET FORTH OR OTHERWISE IDENTIFIED ABOVE AND ON ANY ADDITIONAL

SHEETS SUBJECT TO THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS SPECIFIED.

27a. SOLICITATION INCORPORATES BY REFERENCE FAR 52.212-1, 52.212-4. FAR 52.212-3 AND 52.212-5 ARE ATTACHED. ADDENDA

26. TOTAL AWARD AMOUNT (For Govt. Use Only)

OFFER

STANDARD FORM 1449 (REV. 2/2012)

Prescribed by GSA - FAR (48 CFR) 53.212

ARE NOT ATTACHED.

ARE NOT ATTACHED.

AUTHORIZED FOR LOCAL REPRODUCTION

PREVIOUS EDITION IS NOT USABLE

30b. NAME AND TITLE OF SIGNER (Type or print)

30a. SIGNATURE OF OFFEROR/CONTRACTOR

28. CONTRACTOR IS REQUIRED TO SIGN THIS DOCUMENT AND RETURN

25. ACCOUNTING AND APPROPRIATION DATA

29. AWARD OF CONTRACT:

REF.

32e. MAILING ADDRESS OF AUTHORIZED GOVERNMENT REPRESENTATIVE

32c. DATE 32b. SIGNATURE OF AUTHORIZED GOVERNMENT REPRESENTATIVE

ACCEPTED, AND CONFORMS TO THE CONTRACT, EXCEPT AS NOTED:

32a. QUANTITY IN COLUMN 21 HAS BEEN

RECEIVED INSPECTED

40. PAID BY39. S/R VOUCHER NUMBER38. S/R ACCOUNT NUMBER

37. CHECK NUMBER

FINALPARTIAL

36. PAYMENT

FINALPARTIAL

35. AMOUNT VERIFIED

CORRECT FOR

34. VOUCHER NUMBER33. SHIP NUMBER

COMPLETE

32g. E-MAIL OF AUTHORIZED GOVERNMENT REPRESENTATIVE

42d. TOTAL CONTAINERS42c. DATE REC'D (YY/MM/DD)

42b. RECEIVED AT (Location)

42a. RECEIVED BY (Print)

41c. DATE41b. SIGNATURE AND TITLE OF CERTIFYING OFFICER

41a. I CERTIFY THIS ACCOUNT IS CORRECT AND PROPER FOR PAYMENT

STANDARD FORM 1449 (REV. 2/2012) BACK

24.

AMOUNT

23.

UNIT PRICE

22.

UNIT

21.

QUANTITY

20.

SCHEDULE OF SUPPLIES/SERVICES

19.

ITEM NO.

32f. TELEPHONE NUMBER OF AUTHORIZED GOVERNMENT REPRESENTATIVE

32d. PRINTED NAME AND TITLE OF AUTHORIZED GOVERNMENT REPRESENTATIVE

65 2 of

Plant Salvage along Moose Wilson Road SOLICITATION NO. 140P2021Q0013 Grand Teton National Park (225661) Page 3 of 65

SUPPLIES OR SERVICES AND PRICES/COSTS

This requirement is for one(1) Firm Fixed Price Commercial Items Services Contract for Plant Salvage along Moose Wilson Road at Grand Teton National Park.

PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE: See Deliveries or Performance section.

(End of Supplies/Services and Prices/Costs)

Plant Salvage GRTE 225661 Moose Wilson Road Task Description Unit Cost # in size class Total

1a

Field salvaging of species with large diameter rootballs. Large rootballs are between 32 and 44 inches in diameter and 19 to 27 inches in depth Per Plant 170

1b Field salvaging of species with moderate size rootballs Per Plant 207

1c Field salvaging of species with small size rootballs Per Plant 110

1d

Transportation to shade house 15 mi., off loading and placement in shadhouse, deep watering of all materials 2x (following off loading and final watering of all materials) All plants 490

Reshaping salvage holes greater than 6" in depth 1 3 Reporting and Documentation 1

Materials Burlap, pots, wire, rope etc. 1

Mobilization Equipment mob includes cleaning and inspection time Each Travel Estimated 1 field visit in Fall of 2021 Each

Base-Total

Bid Option A Traffic control total Bid Option B Winterizing and Watering Total

Total Base+Option

1a = root ball diameter 44-32 inches and depth 19-27 inches; 1b = root ball diameter 18-20 inches and depth 11-12 inches; 1c = root ball diameter 14-16 inches and depth 9-11 inches.

Grand Teton National Park (225661) Page 4 of 65

Grand Teton National Park (GRTE) Plant Salvage along Moose Wilson Road

Scope of Services

PMIS # 225661

I. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE WORK:

Phase I of the Grand Teton National Park (GRTE) Moose Wilson Road Project (PMIS# 225661) will result in significant ground disturbance along the road corridor. Plants occurring within the planned limits of disturbance of the road construction project that will be impacted by construction activities will be manually removed (salvaged) and stored for replanting. Plant salvage activities for this scope include hand digging of plant materials; using equipment to salvage shrubs and trees with larger root balls; transferring materials to ball and burlap, pots, or other approved containers; watering transplants; and transporting materials to temporary holding facilities. This task order requires traveling to Grand Teton National Park, located in Moose, Wyoming to salvage 490 plants including tree and shrub species.

PERFORMANCE PERIOD: The work of this task order shall be provided in the Fall 2021. If an early shut down occurs due to weather conditions, then remaining salvage activities may be completed in the Spring or Fall of 2022. It should be noted that road construction activities will begin in early Spring of 2022 and it is likely the window for salvaging of plants will be very narrow. The period of performance for this contract is from the time of the award, estimated at 10/1/2021, to 01/23/2023.

PROJECT IDENTIFICATION: The work of this task order shall consist of the services described below for the referenced project. In this document, the project shall be referred to as Grand Teton, Moose Wilson Road Phase 1 Plant Salvage (PMIS# 225661).

CONTACTS FOR THIS TASK ORDER:

The Contracting Officer (CO) is: Todd Stackhouse, todd_stackhouse@nps.gov The Contract Specialist (CS) is: Brian Tollensdorf, brian_tollensdorf@nps.gov The Contracting Officer’s Representative (COR) is: Ken Stella, ken_stella@nps.gov

II. SCOPE OF SERVICE REQUIREMENTS:

Task 1. Plant salvage

Plant salvage, for this task order, is defined as the physical excavation and removal of plants occurring within the planned limits of disturbance of the Moose Wilson Road construction project. Excavating, or salvage, of plants will occur before construction activities.

The area where plants will be salvaged from is along the Moose Wilson Road beginning in the south at the Granite Entrance Station and extending along the road to the junction of the Teton Park Road at the north end of the project. The soil types along the road include flatter deep to cobbly soils at the

Grand Teton National Park (225661) Page 5 of 65 southern entrance station, rocky cobbly soils, and decomposed granite areas. Some deeper and wetter soils can occur where Serviceberry (Amelanchier alnifolia), Chokecherry (Prunus virginiana), and Black hawthorn (Crataegus douglasii) are growing. The general vegetation types along the road corridor include sagebrush shrublands, aspen groves, lodgepole and mixed conifer forests and wetland shrublands.

Plant locations are or will be marked via GPS coordinates (Appendix A) and with flagging by NPS staff. All plants identified will be within the road construction limits of disturbance and as such will be accessible to equipment from the Moose Wilson Road or parking areas.

Salvaging of plants includes:

Excavating a root zone around each plant that will be the appropriate dimension and size to maximize survivability of each plant.

Securely placing excavated root mass and associated dirt in a container (pot or ball and burlap) such that damage to all roots including small and fine roots is minimized.

Watering excavated root mass with in the first few hours following excavation to firm soil up in the container and prevent root exposure to air and allow the material to recover from excavation.

Transporting all salvaged plant material to the Beaver Creek shade house storage facility, approximately 15 miles from the Granite Entrance Station, unload, and store material.

Salvage Methods:

Root balls must be excavated in an intact condition. If soils are dry this may require the contractor to pre-water the excavation zone to moisten soil before digging. Soil must be moist but not saturated. The purpose of watering is to keep soil in the root ball intact during the digging process.

Do not dig plants in excessively wet soil conditions.

All roots must be cut cleanly with sharp tools.

Materials may be excavated by hand, with small equipment, or tree spades.

o The selected excavation method must cut roots in such a way as to maximize survivorship of the excavated plants (clean precise cutting of roots).

o The selected excavation method must minimize impacts to surrounding soils and vegetation and leave surrounding roads and parking area surfaces unimpacted.

Root ball size will be of a diameter and depth to encompass enough of the tap roots, fibrous, and feeding root system to allow for plant recovery.

o Conifer species up to 5' in height shall have a minimum root ball of 44” in diameter.

o Root ball depth will be a minimum of 60 to 70% of the root ball diameter measurement (trees and large shrubs).

o For trees and larger shrubs the root ball will be 10 to 12 inches in diameter for each inch of stem caliper.

The center of the trunk or stem of the plant shall be in the center of the root ball (to the degree possible).

Grand Teton National Park (225661) Page 6 of 65

Excavated root balls will be transferred to nursery grade pots of appropriate size (5 gallon or larger) or burlap or other all-natural biodegradable fiber cloth or bags may be used but must fully contain the root ball and be a tight enough weave to hold root ball structure.

All root balls must be secured and able to be moved from planting location and from storage while remaining intact. Larger root balls that are secured with burlap or other biodegradable material will likely need supporting lacing or wire baskets.

Salvage Timing:

All plant salvage shall take place in the fall following contract award when plants are dormant and before soils freeze between October 15 to November 30.

Species to Salvage:

Task 1a, 1b, 1c - 487 plants (Tables 1 and 2) in three different size classes will be salvaged potted or balled and burlapped.

Task 1d. Following excavation all plants shall be transported to the park shade house in the Beaver Creek housing area approximately 15 miles from the Granite Entrance Station. All plants will be offloaded from transport vehicles placed in shade house in an organized fashion as approved by the COR. All materials shall be watered upon placement in the shade house. Watering should occur a second time for all plant materials before the contractor leaves the site and upon work completion.

Water is available via a standard hose bib in the shade house facility.

Species substitutions may be made if field conditions change. If species substitutions are required, they will be of similar size plant material and will be mutually agreed upon by the contractor and the government.

Table 1. Tree salvage species and quantities.

Task Tree species Amount Height

Range (ft) Spread * Range (ft)

Minimum Root Ball Dimensions **

1a Douglas fir

(Pseudotsuga menziesii)

15 2 - 3 1 - 2 32-inch diameter and 19-inch depth

1a Douglas fir

(Pseudotsuga menziesii)

15 4 - 5 3 - 5 44-inch diameter and 27-inch depth

1a Juniper

(Juniperus scopulorum)

15 2 - 3 3 - 5 32-inch diameter and 19-inch depth

1a Lodgepole pine

(Pinus contorta)

25 3 - 4 1 - 2 44-inch diameter and 27-inch depth

Grand Teton National Park (225661) Page 7 of 65

1a Lodgepole pine

(Pinus contorta)

25 4 - 5 2 - 3 44-inch diameter and 27-inch depth

1b Juniper

(Juniperus scopulorum)

2 2 - 3 1 - 3 20-inch diameter and 12-inch depth

1c Aspen

(Populus tremuloides)

30 2 - 3 1 – 2 14-inch diameter and 9-inch depth

1c Aspen

(Populus tremuloides)

30 4 - 5 2 - 3 16-inch diameter and 10 3/8-inch depth

TOTAL 157

*Spread measurement shall be the average spread of the branches of the plant, without leaves for deciduous shrubs, including leaves for evergreens. ** Generalized from nursery stock standards in ANSI Z60.1-2014.

Grand Teton National Park (225661) Page 8 of 65

Table 2. Shrub salvage species and quantities.

Task Species Amount Height

Range (ft) Spread * Range (ft)

Minimum Root Ball Dimensions **

1a Antelope bitterbrush

(Purshia tridentata)

25 2 ft or less 3 32-inch diameter and 19-inch depth

1a Greasewood

(Sarcobatus vermiculatus)

25 2 - 3 3 - 5 32-inch diameter and 19-inch depth

1a Rabbitbrush

(Ericameria nauseosus)

25 2 ft or less 2 32-inch diameter and 19-inch depth

1b Chokecherry

(Prunus virginiana)

60 1 - 3 20-inch diameter and 12-inch depth

1b Serviceberry

(Amelanchier alnifolia)

45 1 - 4 2 - 3 18-inch diameter and 11-inch depth

1b Mountain snowberry

(Symphoricarpos oreophilus)

100 1 - 4 2 - 5 18-inch diameter and 11-inch depth

1c Black hawthorn

(Crataegus douglasii)

40 2 - 5 1 - 3 16-inch diameter and 10 3/8-inch depth

1c Willow (Salix spp.) 10 3 ft or less 2 or less 14-inch diameter and 9-inch depth

TOTAL 330

*Spread measurement shall be the average spread of the branches of the plant, without leaves for deciduous shrubs, including leaves for evergreens. ** Generalized from nursery stock standards in ANSI Z60.1-2014.

Task 2. Reshaping excavated holes greater than 6” deep Where plant materials are salvaged the contractor will reshape all excavated holes greater than 6” in depth. Soils or rocks disturbed in excavation can be pushed in or used as backfill. Precautions shall be made as not to damage any existing vegetation adjacent to salvage locations.

Task 3. Record keeping and reporting The contractor will maintain records (plant log) on the collection process (species, size of specimen, ease of collection, size of root mass, dates of excavation). Following project completion contractor will provide a report with executive summary documenting site conditions (to assist in planning for future

Grand Teton National Park (225661) Page 9 of 65 salvage and installation operations), total plants salvaged, type of container, method of salvage, task outcomes, lessons learned, and other information useful to this project. Final report to be completed, electronically in MS Word, and distributed to the designated park staff and the COR within two weeks of work completion at the park.

Optional Bid Items

Option A. Road Corridor and Traffic Control The Moose Wilson Road is a narrow two-lane road with periodic pull-outs and several formalized parking areas. The road is closed to public traffic on October 30 of each year. For work that is done before the road is closed the contractor will need to provide adequate traffic control including flaggers and safety signage per the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) and follow the National Standards for Traffic Control. Submit a traffic control plan for review and approval prior to the beginning of work. Total allowable traffic delays will be negotiated with the CO. The contractor should expect only short delays would be allowable.

This is a low-speed dirt road, and the work may only require single lane closures while equipment is working or getting off-loaded, or plant materials loaded.

The work and traffic control period will be determined by COR and park staff a minimum of four

(4) weeks prior to work initiation. Utility work is being planned along Moose Wilson Road for Fall of 2021. Currently the park is planning to close the road a week or two earlier than the normal October 30 seasonal closure. If this occurs it is likely traffic control will not be required.

Option B. Watering and Winterizing Park staff will show contractors the general location to place the plant materials at the Beaver Creek shade house facility. Plants should be placed in blocks organized by species that are appropriate to the shade house facility roughly 10ft long by 5 to 10ft wide. Each block of plants shall have wattle placed tightly around the perimeter of the block. The blocks shall then be covered with a minimum of 4 inches of mulch material such that all air pockets between the plants are filled with mulch and a protective layer of mulch surrounds each root ball. While the contractor is on site all the plant materials will be watered such that the entire root ball stays wet during the entire time the contractor is on site. The water at the shade house facility will be turned off to winterize the facility thus the contractor should plan on utilizing a water truck or trailer to provide water.

Wattles -all natural weed free wattles, no photodegradable materials, either 100% wood fiber or coir fiber or approved substitute. Estimated up to 3,000 linear feet.

Mulch -100% natural wood fiber no dyes or paper fiber are allowable. Source must be approved by the government.

Estimated up to 30 cubic yards of mulch

Watering -estimate 2-3 gallons per plant every day to every other day during the work period (2-3 weeks).

Government will provide a heated parking bay for water trailer or truck for overnight storage.

IV. QUALITY STANDARD

Quality Standard shall be in accordance with the base contract, commercial practices and as described in this task order. Task orders will be issued from the National Park Service Contracting division and must

Grand Teton National Park (225661) Page 10 of 65 be executed by signature by both parties before work begins. Submit proposed schedule and plans to the COR two weeks after the award is issued. It is the Contractor’s responsibility to request clarification of the work requested in the Task Order if it is not completely clear to the Contractor. The Contractor shall provide copies of all required items to the COR in a reasonable and timely manner.

All Contractor, Subcontractor and employees will attend Park orientation meetings presented by the NPS prior to beginning work. Notify the CO 14 days prior to beginning work and 7 days before adding staff so orientations can be scheduled.

The salvage area and nursery shall be kept clean at all times. Remove dirt clogs and debris at the end of each day. The entire work area shall be returned to its existing condition upon project completion.

1. Plant Salvage Refer to American Standard for Nursery Stock ANSI Z60.1-2014 (approved April 14, 2014) for industry standard in measuring plant materials and determining root ball sizes and container sizes. When defining the root ball to be excavated for each plant, factor in the following:

Smaller material often survives the best.

Using clean, sharp tools prune branches when necessary to access trunk and root system, or to remove dead materials.

Roots are similar to branches in their response to pruning practices. With directional root pruning, objectionable and severely injured roots are properly cut to a lateral root 1/3 the size of the root being cut, if possible, that is growing downward or in a favorable direction. All roots needing to be pruned or removed shall be cut cleanly.

Typical rooting structure of each species is variable and accommodations for species specific root structures must be accounted for. For example, aspen and fir trees often have many lateral roots (wide root ball excavation) whereas most pine, spruce, and sage are tap rooted species (deep root ball excavation).

The following plant salvage guidelines apply:

Timing

Plant salvage shall take place in the fall after plant dormancy and before soils freeze (approximately October 15 to November 30). Collect transplants when soil is moist. If precipitation has not occurred, irrigate prior to lifting. Ideally, plants should be removed on the mornings of cool, cloudy days when the plants are fully turgid.

Construction activities within the Moose-Wilson corridor would be limited to 30 minutes after sunrise to 30 minutes prior to sunset.

Techniques Smaller specimens should be collected to increase greater chance of survival and transplant success. All plants will be marked on the south side of the specimen and placed in the same orientation when planted in holding beds.

Grand Teton National Park (225661) Page 11 of 65

Lift the root ball gently out of the hole while attempting to keep the root ball intact.

Hand pruners/saws can be used to cut away woody roots that do not come free during removal. Cover the root ball with damp untreated burlap until planting. The root ball can then be transferred to a suitable container (large bucket, pot, burlap, or plastic bag) for transport to the transplanting site/nursery. A small soft-tracked all-surface vehicle (supplied by contractor) may be used to assist with uprooting larger specimens, to backfill holes, and to move salvaged plant materials to transport vehicles. Salvaged root balls should be watered prior to transport and should be transported to the storage site the same day as removal from the work site.

Transportation

Plant materials must be protected when transporting to holding facilities. Assure transportation does not harm the plant materials and that debris is not left on roadway.

2. Equipment Cleaning Standards The following equipment and vehicle cleaning standards apply:

Because the Resor Pit Staging Area and the Granite Entrance Station represent the only known locations of leafy spurge in the park, special precautions must be taken to eliminate the potential spread of this and other identified high priority invasive species. Park staff will provide the contractor with the locations of where populations have been identified and are being treated and monitored.

Contractor will notify the CO a minimum of 48 hours prior to the entry of vehicles and equipment.

All vehicles and equipment will be inspected before their entry into a National Park Site for mud, weeds, exotic seeds, and other unwanted substances.

Power-wash all equipment before entry. Clean hauling vehicles before their initial entrance into the Park; subsequent entries may not require cleaning unless requested.

At no time will equipment cleaning be allowed within the park boundaries.

NPS reserves the right to reject equipment that is dirty and could potentially spread unwanted substances within the park. The contractor shall clean all equipment working within areas where the soil has been designated as exotic species infected topsoil prior to work in other areas to ensure that exotics are not transferred beyond those areas.

Contractor shall be responsible for providing labor, equipment, and materials necessary to clean their own equipment.

Do not operate or park any vehicles or equipment off the paved roadway except in approved areas. Do not damage or otherwise impact any soils or vegetation other that the plants identified to be salvaged and removed as part of this contract.

3. Environmental Protections

Confine all operations to work limits described in the task order. Take precautions to protect adjacent built and natural features and choose work methods and procedures that will mitigate the risk of damaging areas outside the scope of work. Do not break, crack, or damage the edge of pavement. If any damages occur, report this to CO. Contractor will repair damages in preference to replacement in kind. Contractor will proceed with restoration or replacement of damaged items only after direction is provided by CO. Prevent damage to

Grand Teton National Park (225661) Page 12 of 65 natural surroundings. Repair or replace damaged trees and plants. Repair to architectural and landscape elements will be done at no additional expense to the Government. If damage occurs outside the work limits, revegetate, and repair or replace damaged trees and plants, using approved native seed and/or plants at no additional expense to the NPS.

Do not feed, approach, or disturb wildlife within the Park or National Forest boundaries.

Store and handle food, fuel, or other attractants in a manner that does not attract bears. No food, pet food, garbage, drinks, trash, or food and drink containers (including water bottles) will be placed outside of enclosed vehicles, trailers, buildings, or bear-resistant containers except during actual use. Contractor supplied garbage bins must be bear proof and meet Park requirements. Any mishandling of garbage, trash, food, and other potential bear attractants described above will result in the responsible person, or Contractor, receiving a citation subject to a fine. Remove from the project any person who receives more than one citation for food storage violations or any other violation within the Park.

Immediately (within 1 hour) report all bear and wolf sightings and any carcasses found or observed to the Teton Interagency Dispatch Center (TIDC) at 307-739-3301. Temporarily suspend construction activities when a grizzly bear or wolf comes near an active construction area and creates a potential animal/human conflict. Contractor, Subcontractor, and employees may be required to carry bear pepper spray as a condition of being allowed to continue operations in areas of bear activity.

4. Safety and Traffic Control The contractor will understand that its employees will be working alongside, near, and in some cases on the road. proper safety protocols will be the responsibility of the contractor. Follow all pertinent safety standards for work zone safety and traffic control safety. During all operations, the contractor will be required to wear safety clothing or vests and provide bright orange traffic cones and signs per MUTCD standards. Both should be placed so that oncoming traffic has plenty of warning that work is being conducted ahead. The plant salvage contractor will be working in the road corridor at the same time as other contractors and will need to coordinate activities to assure actions of either contractor do not interfere with each other. Work will not be permitted at night and is restricted to 30 minutes after sunrise to 30 minutes prior to sunset.

5. Quality Assurance The contractor will be responsible for its workers at all times. The NPS expects full compliance with National Park Service regulations and the quality standards listed in this task order. The contractor is to assume this responsibility. In most instances the contracting project manager is expected to be on site daily while the work is occurring.

6. Materials

All erosion control wattles or logs will be 100% natural fibers and certified weed free such as virgin wood fibers or coir (coconut) fibers. All mulch shall be weed free and free of dyes.

V. SCHEDULE

Grand Teton National Park (225661) Page 13 of 65

Only six (6) consecutive weeks are being allowed for plant salvage, provided work begins on October 15, 2021. Travel to Grand Teton National Park to utilize a full four (4)-week window. Please stay in close contact with the CO, to be informed when the construction contract is awarded as well as the anticipated date for field marking of trees and shrubs by NPS. Work shall occur between October 15 and November 30, 2021 or during the dormant season for all plants to be excavated.

GRTE contacts:

Jessica Brown, GRTE, Landscape Architect/Project Manager, 307-739-3578 Amanda Snodgrass, GRTE, Biologist

Final report to be completed, electronically in MS Word, and distributed to the designated park staff and the COR within two weeks after the work is completed at the park.

VI. FEE AND PAYMENT

Payment shall not be made in excess of the ceiling price unless a revision in the ceiling price is authorized in writing by the Contracting Officer.

Original invoices are to be submitted electronically via the IPP website.

VII. CONTRACTOR BID PRICING

IGE Plant Salvage GRTE Moose Wilson Road Task Description Unit Cost # in size class Total 1a Field salvaging of species with large diameter root balls. Large root balls are between 32 and 44 inches in diameter and 19 to 27 inches in depth.

Per Plant

$ 170 $

1b Field salvaging of species with moderate size root balls.

Per Plant

$ 207 $

1c Field salvaging of species with small size root balls. Per Plant

$ 110 $

1d Transportation to shade house (15 mi.), off-loading and placement in shade house, deep watering of all materials 2x (following off loading and final watering of all materials).

All plants

$ 490 $

2 Reshaping salvage holes greater than 6” in depth. 1 $ $

3 Reporting and documentation. 1 $ $

Materials Burlap, pots, wire, rope, etc. 1 $ $

Mobilization Equipment mob includes cleaning and inspection time. Each $ $

Travel Estimated one (1) field visit in Fall of 2021. Each $ $

Base-Total $

Bid Option A Traffic control. Total $ $

Grand Teton National Park (225661) Page 14 of 65

Bid Option B Winterizing and watering Total $ $ Total

Base+Option

1a = root ball diameter 44-32 inches and depth 19-27 inches;

1b = root ball diameter 18-20 inches and depth 11-12 inches;

1c = root ball diameter 14-16 inches and depth 9-11 inches.

Appendix A. Project Area Description and Maps. The Moose Wilson Road (MWR) project area includes a 3.324-mile section of MWR beginning at the Granite Canyon Entrance Station at the southern border of GRTE and extends through the park to the Moose Entrance Station. The project will be completed in phases. Phase 1 includes road improvements along the Moose-Wilson road (MWR) between the Granite Entrance and the Laurance S. Rockefeller Preserve (LSR) visitor center entrance.

Location Map – Phase 1.

Grand Teton National Park (225661) Page 15 of 65

Vicinity Map of the Moose-Wilson Road Corridor.

Grand Teton National Park (225661) Page 16 of 65

Locations (oriented south to north along Moose-Wilson Road) where individuals and clusters of trees and shrubs are located.

*NOTE: This table is a reference. Species substitutions may be made if field conditions change. If species substitutions are required, they will be of similar size plant material and will be mutually agreed upon by the contractor and the government.

TYPE SPECIES X COORDINATE Y COORDINATE NOTES

Tree Lodgepole pine -110.79355545500 43.60545365600 4 individuals (salvage 50 total)

Tree Lodgepole pine -110.79323152800 43.60612672100 5-10 individuals (salvage 50 total)

Tree Aspen -110.79325424700 43.60612893500 2 individuals (salvage 60 total)

Tree Aspen -110.79319628800 43.60621903200 1 individual (salvage 60 total)

Shrub Snowberry -110.79313954500 43.60627369000 4 individuals (salvage 100 total)

Tree Aspen -110.79310801300 43.60629604500 1 individual (salvage 60 total)

Tree Aspen -110.79280850000 43.60664983300 1 individual (salvage 60 total)

Tree Aspen -110.79272904100 43.60677285700 1 individual (salvage 60 total)

Shrub Snowberry -110.79274739100 43.60680395100 1 individual (salvage 100 total)

Tree Aspen -110.79271092000 43.60691023100 1 individual (salvage 60 total)

Shrub Antelope bitterbrush -110.79305397300 43.60724162100 Gather all 25 Antelope bitterbush here.

Gather 20 Snowberry here.

Shrub Snowberry -110.79232430600 43.60848098000 1 individual (salvage 100 total)

Shrub Rabbitbrush -110.79231544400 43.60851849700 1 individual (salvage 25 total)

Shrub Rabbitbrush -110.79233867900 43.60895690300 8 individuals (salvage 25 total)

Shrub Chokecherry -110.79222641600 43.60908525800 5 individuals (salvage 60 total)

Shrub Rabbitbrush -110.79211954600 43.60931949900 5 individuals (salvage 25 total)

Shrub Chokecherry -110.79203734400 43.60980094200 1 individual (salvage 60 total)

Shrub Rabbitbrush -110.79201089800 43.60992357600 5 individuals (salvage 25 total)

Shrub Chokecherry -110.79189275300 43.61018734100 20 individuals (salvage 60 total)

Shrub Rabbitbrush -110.79186819500 43.61026311500 5 individuals (salvage 25 total)

Shrub Rabbitbrush -110.79193665600 43.61038796800 1 individual (salvage 25 total)

Shrub Chokecherry -110.79203193400 43.61045535200 1 individual (salvage 60 total)

Tree Douglas fir -110.79225169200 43.61048971600 3-10 individual (salvage 30 total)

Grand Teton National Park (225661) Page 17 of 65

Tree Douglas fir -110.79229193000 43.61053248600 1 individual (salvage 30 total)

Shrub Snowberry -110.79226805700 43.61079971300 5 individuals (salvage 100 total)

Tree Aspen -110.79216511900 43.61122629600 10 individuals (salvage 60 total)

Shrub Serviceberry -110.79215672400 43.61123175900 12 individuals (salvage 45 total)

Tree Juniper -110.79222931800 43.61131455800 1 individual (salvage 17 total)

Shrub Snowberry -110.79206524100 43.61145863800 1 individual (salvage 100 total)

Shrub Snowberry -110.79197337300 43.61169025400 1 individual (salvage 100 total)

Tree Douglas fir -110.79205050600 43.61191678100 1 individual (salvage 30 total)

Tree Juniper -110.79194939400 43.61213746900 1 individual (salvage 17 total)

Tree Aspen -110.79172950300 43.61263318200 20 individuals (salvage 60 total)

Tree Douglas fir -110.79188277600 43.61278770200 1 individual (salvage 30 total)

Shrub Chokecherry -110.79190735500 43.61290051100 1 individual (salvage 60 total)

Tree Aspen -110.79193496200 43.61298952900 2 individuals (salvage 60 total)

Shrub Snowberry -110.79184472600 43.61308097300 15 individuals (salvage 100 total)

Shrub Snowberry -110.79185595900 43.61315764900 15 individuals (salvage 100 total)

Shrub Chokecherry -110.79158874000 43.61407019300 5 individuals (salvage 60 total)

Shrub Snowberry -110.79157568900 43.61409864400 10 individuals (salvage 100 total)

Shrub Snowberry -110.79153759900 43.61419506200 1 individual (salvage 100 total)

Tree Aspen -110.79135053400 43.61457870700 1 individual (salvage 60 total)

Tree Aspen -110.79135919300 43.61460552400 1 individual (salvage 60 total)

Shrub Chokecherry -110.79131131000 43.61471508500 1 individual (salvage 60 total)

Tree Hawthorn -110.79125643100 43.61481530700 1 individual (salvage 40 total)

Shrub Snowberry -110.79125699200 43.61483623800 1 individual (salvage 100 total)

Shrub Greasewood -110.79125248600 43.61486799000 1 individual (salvage 25 total)

Tree Aspen -110.79119430100 43.61498399700 1 individual (salvage 60 total)

Tree Lodgepole pine -110.79121800500 43.61500467800 1 individual (salvage 50 total)

Tree Lodgepole pine -110.79119827500 43.61507494800 1 individual (salvage 50 total)

Shrub Snowberry -110.79121874500 43.61515933500 1 individual (salvage 100 total)

Tree Douglas fir -110.79115961600 43.61526275200 3 – 10 individuals (salvage 30 total)

Tree Douglas fir -110.79114604600 43.61529858600 1 individual (salvage 30 total)

Grand Teton National Park (225661) Page 18 of 65

Shrub Snowberry -110.79113984500 43.61537850300 1 individual (salvage 100 total)

Shrub Chokecherry -110.79124759900 43.61539455000 1 individual (salvage 60 total)

Shrub Greasewood -110.79124759900 43.61539455000 1 individual (salvage 40 total)

Tree Lodgepole pine -110.79123719700 43.61541034600 5-10 individuals (salvage 50 total)

Shrub Serviceberry -110.79107182900 43.61548677600 20 individuals (salvage 45 total)

Shrub Chokecherry -110.79114579000 43.61560153700 1 individual (salvage 60 total)

Shrub Chokecherry -110.79107120000 43.61583687900 1 individual (salvage 60 total)

Tree Douglas fir -110.79108310000 43.61588282300 1 individual (salvage 30 total)

Shrub Juniper -110.79111128600 43.61598001300 9 individuals (salvage 17 total)

Shrub Greasewood -110.79109201000 43.61600212800 1 individual (salvage 40 total)

Shrub Greasewood -110.79106534700 43.61607574700 7 individuals (salvage 25 total)

Shrub Serviceberry -110.79097918900 43.61608299500 1 individual (salvage 45 total)

Tree Douglas fir -110.79094962400 43.61615175900 1 individual (salvage 30 total)

Tree Douglas fir -110.79093118200 43.61619204500 1 individual (salvage 30 total)

Shrub Chokecherry -110.79105657500 43.61619800600 1 individual (salvage 60 total)

Shrub Chokecherry -110.79100455600 43.61636830200 6 individuals (salvage 60 total)

Shrub Chokecherry -110.79091548000 43.61636832300 1 individual (salvage 60 total)

Shrub Chokecherry -110.79089871200 43.61638253900 1 individual (salvage 60 total)

Shrub Chokecherry -110.79078946000 43.61655959200 6 individuals (salvage 60 total)

Tree Lodgepole pine -110.79070486400 43.61661054300 1 individual (salvage 50 total)

Shrub Snowberry -110.79058463000 43.61682559200 1 individual (salvage 100 total)

Tree Lodgepole pine -110.79064339500 43.61702222900 1 individual (salvage 50 total)

Shrub Snowberry -110.79045945400 43.61710038100 1 individual (salvage 100 total)

Shrub Greasewood -110.79031986100 43.61732830600 1 individual (salvage 40 total)

Tree Douglas fir -110.79032629200 43.61734773200 1 individual (salvage 30 total)

Tree Douglas fir -110.79029509300 43.61735156400 1 individual (salvage 30 total)

Tree Lodgepole pine -110.79029094800 43.61737203600 1 individual (salvage 50 total)

Tree Lodgepole pine -110.79031615100 43.61737671600 1 individual (salvage 50 total)

Tree Lodgepole pine -110.79023864200 43.61747304800 1 individual (salvage 50 total)

Tree Douglas fir -110.79023864200 43.61747304800 1 individual (salvage 30 total)

Grand Teton National Park (225661) Page 19 of 65

Shrub Snowberry -110.79019923600 43.61754405200 1 individual (salvage 100 total)

Shrub Hawthorn -110.79012669600 43.61765124400 1 individual (salvage 40 total)

Shrub Greasewood -110.79012669600 43.61765124400 1 individual (salvage 40 total)

Shrub Snowberry -110.78998594300 43.61788198200 1 individual (salvage 100 total)

Tree Lodgepole pine -110.78981822100 43.61812938600 2-5 individuals (salvage 50 total)

Tree Lodgepole pine -110.78979686000 43.61817699500 1 individual (salvage 50 total)

Tree Aspen -110.78979308400 43.61818466800 1 individual (salvage 60 total)

Tree Lodgepole pine -110.78977646800 43.61822971800 1 individual (salvage 50 total)

Tree Aspen -110.78971867500 43.61832806600 14 individuals (salvage 60 total)

Tree Hawthorn -110.78971867500 43.61832806600 26 individuals (salvage 40 total)

Tree Greasewood -110.78971867500 43.61832806600 7 individuals (salvage 25 total)

Shrub Greasewood -110.78970989000 43.61833411700 1 individual (salvage 40 total)

Tree Aspen -110.78982567100 43.61841043700 1 individual (salvage 60 total)

Tree Lodgepole pine -110.78982567100 43.61841043700 1 individual (salvage 50 total)

Tree Douglas fir -110.78966561400 43.61854040700 1 individual (salvage 30 total)

Tree Aspen -110.78943067500 43.61859073100 1 individual (salvage 60 total)

Shrub Serviceberry -110.78939361300 43.61861246100 1 individual (salvage 45 total)

Tree Hawthorn -110.78935393900 43.61869146800 1 individual (salvage 40 total)

Tree Willows -110.78945854600 43.61869498000 Gather all willows.

Tree Hawthorn -110.78930777500 43.61891653700 1 individual (salvage 40 total)

Shrub Hawthorn -110.78902618400 43.61909051300 1 individual (salvage 40 total)

Tree Hawthorn -110.78889192600 43.61934716900 8 individuals (salvage 40 total)

Shrub Greasewood -110.78860566900 43.61947023400 1 individual (salvage 40 total)

Shrub Greasewood -110.78837772100 43.61962301000 1 individual (salvage 40 total)

Shrub Greasewood -110.78830749500 43.61967591100 1 individual (salvage 40 total)

Shrub Greasewood -110.78828572300 43.61969154500 1 individual (salvage 40 total)

Shrub Snowberry -110.78800112700 43.61990364100 4 individuals (salvage 100 total)

Shrub Snowberry -110.78788599800 43.62003437800 4 individuals (salvage 100 total)

Shrub Snowberry -110.78780273000 43.62018976900 7 individuals (salvage 100 total)

Shrub Snowberry -110.78779109700 43.62022533300 1 individual (salvage 100 total)

Grand Teton National Park (225661) Page 20 of 65

Shrub Juniper -110.78766822500 43.62091099800 3 individuals (salvage 17 total)

Tree Aspen -110.78767367900 43.62095640000 1 individual (salvage 60 total)

Shrub Juniper -110.78769721600 43.62096313000 1 individual (salvage 17 total)

Shrub Snowberry -110.78767409200 43.62101851000 1 individual (salvage 100 total)

Shrub Greasewood -110.78765341600 43.62111925100 1 individual (salvage 40 total)

Tree Lodgepole pine -110.78764595300 43.62116024400 5 individuals (salvage 50 total)

Tree Douglas fir -110.78774779500 43.62123194000 1 individual (salvage 30 total)

Tree Lodgepole pine -110.78764051100 43.62129349000 1 individual (salvage 50 total)

Tree Lodgepole pine -110.78761404700 43.62130858600 1 individual (salvage 50 total)

Shrub Snowberry -110.78761894000 43.62131098000 1 individual (salvage 100 total)

Shrub Snowberry -110.78760437800 43.62139360800 1 individual (salvage 100 total)

Tree Aspen -110.78746484500 43.62168488800 1 individual (salvage 60 total)

Tree Douglas fir -110.78743213900 43.62170895900 1 individual (salvage 30 total)

Tree Lodgepole pine -110.78740771900 43.62173885400 1 individual (salvage 50 total)

Tree Lodgepole pine -110.78738091500 43.62183554400 1 individual (salvage 50 total)

Tree Douglas fir -110.78731998800 43.62189976000 1 individual (salvage 30 total)

Tree Douglas fir -110.78733661200 43.62190707900 1 individual (salvage 30 total)

Tree Douglas fir -110.78733661200 43.62190707900 1 individual (salvage 30 total)

Tree Douglas fir -110.78733661200 43.62190707900 1 individual (salvage 30 total)

Tree Lodgepole pine -110.78733661200 43.62190707900 1 individual (salvage 50 total)

Tree Lodgepole pine -110.78727010400 43.62196155200 1 individual (salvage 50 total)

Shrub Serviceberry -110.78704248600 43.62216192600 1 individual (salvage 45 total)

Shrub Chokecherry -110.78713352800 43.62229372500 5 individuals (salvage 60 total)

Shrub Chokecherry -110.78701546600 43.62237262300 1 individual (salvage 60 total)

Shrub Chokecherry -110.78701682900 43.62238138100 1 individual (salvage 60 total)

Shrub Chokecherry -110.78699268700 43.62241407300 1 individual (salvage 60 total)

Shrub Hawthorn -110.78700786100 43.62243886100 1 individual (salvage 40 total)

Grand Teton National Park (225661) Page 21 of 65

PACKAGING AND MARKING

(End of Packaging and Marking)

Grand Teton National Park (225661) Page 22 of 65

INSPECTION AND ACCEPTANCE

The following clause is incorporated by reference:

Clause Title Date

52.246-1 CONTRACTOR INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS APR 1984

(End of Inspection and Acceptance)

Grand Teton National Park (225661) Page 23 of 65

DELIVERIES OR PERFORMANCE

F.1.0 PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE

The contract shall commence from date of award through five years.

F.2.0 PROGRESS PLAN

At the prework conference, the Contractor shall provide to the COR a written "work progress plan" that details its proposed work force and schedule to provide for orderly completion of the work within the contract performance time. This work schedule must be acceptable to the Government. At a minimum, the schedule must reflect a work progress rate equal to the available amount of contract performance time.

The following clause is incorporated by reference:

Clause Title Date

52.242-15 STOP WORK ORDER AUG 1989

(End of Deliveries or Performance)

Grand Teton National Park (225661) Page 24 of 65

CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION DATA

The following local clauses are provided in full text:

ELECTRONIC INVOICING AND PAYMENT REQUIREMENTS – INVOICE PROCESSING PLATFORM (IPP)

(APR 2013)

Payment requests must be submitted electronically through the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Invoice Processing Platform System (IPP).

“Payment request” means any request for contract financing payment or invoice payment by the Contractor. To constitute a proper invoice, the payment request must comply with the requirements identified in the applicable Prompt Payment clause included in the contract, or the clause 52.212-4 Contract Terms and Conditions – Commercial Items included in commercial item contracts. The IPP website address is: https://www.ipp.gov.

Under this contract, the following documents are required to be submitted as an attachment to the IPP invoice:

1. Invoice billed according to contract line items and rates.

2. If partial payment is billed and the invoice states a lump sum, the invoice shall include an itemized breakdown and narrative progress summary of the work performed during this invoice period.

3. If final payment is billed, the last invoice shall state “FINAL”.

4. Contractor’s Release of Claims shall be submitted with the final invoice.

The Contractor must use the IPP website to register access and use IPP for submitting requests for payment. The Contractor Government Business Point of Contract (as listed in SAM) will receive enrollment instructions via email from the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston (FRBB) prior to the contract award date, but no more than 3 – 5 business days of the contract award date. Contractor assistance with enrollment can be obtained by contacting the IPP Production Helpdesk via email ippgroup@bos.frb.org or phone (866) 973-3131.

If the Contractor is unable to comply with the requirement to use IPP for submitting invoices for payment, the Contractor must submit a waiver request in writing to the Contracting Officer with its proposal or quotation.

(End of Local Clause)

(End of Contract Administration Data) https://www.ipp.gov/ mailto:ippgroup@bos.frb.org

Grand Teton National Park (225661) Page 25 of 65

SPECIAL CONTRACT REQUIREMENTS

1.0 RESERVED.

2.0 ENVIRONMENTAL INTERRUPTION OF WORK

2.1 Environmental - The Contracting Officer, by issuance of a suspend work order, may direct the Contractor to shut down any work that may be subject to damage due to weather conditions, fire danger, or because it is impracticable to work during the winter season. The Contractor will be given a resume work order which will document the date the work suspension ends. An allowance has been included in the contract time for all environmental delays. The count of contract time will therefore continue during all periods of suspension due to normal weather conditions, including fire danger. The Contractor will not be entitled to additional contract time for any suspensions except to the extent that they are due to unusually severe weather conditions. The Contractor will not be entitled to additional monetary compensation for such suspensions regardless of duration.

3.0 PRESERVATION OF HISTORICAL AND ARCHEOLOGICAL DATA

3.1 Public Law 93-291, May 24, 1974, provides for the preservation of scientific, prehistorical, and archeological data (including relics and specimens) which might otherwise be lost due to alteration of the terrain as a result of any Federal construction project.

3.2 The Contractor agrees that should any contractor employee, in the performance of this contract, discover evidence of possible scientific, prehistorical, historical, or archeological data the contractor will notify the Contracting Officer immediately in writing giving the location and nature of the findings.

3.3 Where appropriate by reason of discovery, the Contracting Officer may order delays in the time of performance and/or changes in the work. If such delays and/or changes are ordered, the time of performance and contract price shall be adjusted in accordance with the applicable clauses in the Contract Clauses Section of this contract.

3.4 The Contractor agrees to insert this requirement in all subcontracts which involve the performance of work on the terrain of the site.

4.0 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

All waste materials generated by any work under the contract performed on a Government installation shall at all times be handled, transported, stored, and disposed of by the contractor and by his subcontractors in accordance with all applicable Federal, state, and local laws, ordinances, regulations, court orders, and other types of rulings having the effect of the law, including, but not limited to Executive Order 12088, 13 October 1978, Federal Compliance with Pollution Control Standards; the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended (33 U.S.C. 1251 ET SEQ); the Clean Air Act as amended (42 U.S.C. Sec 7401 ET SEQ);

the Endangered Species Act, as amended (16 U.S.C. Sec 1531, ET SEQ); the Toxic Substances Control Act, as amended (15 U.S.C. Sec 2601, ET SEQ); the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended (16 U.S.C. Sec 470, ET SEQ); the Solid Waste Disposal Act, as amended (42 U.S.C. 6901 ET SEQ); and the Archaeological and Historic Preservation Act, as amended (16 U.S.C. Sec 469, ET SEQ). Should the United States Government be held liable for any neglect or improper actions by the contractor or any subcontractor regarding removal or disposal of any hazardous waste, the contractor shall reimburse the Government for all such liability.

5.0 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

Any material suspected of being hazardous that is encountered during performance of a project shall immediately be brought to the attention of the Contracting Officer, at which time a determination will be made as to whether hazardous material testing shall be performed. If the Contracting Officer directs the contractor to perform tests, and/or the material is found to be of a hazardous nature requiring additional

Grand Teton National Park (225661) Page 26 of 65 protective measures, a contract modification may be required, subject to equitable adjustment under the terms of the contract. The contractor is advised that friable and/or non-friable asbestos-containing material may be encountered in project areas. Friable asbestos-containing material is any material that contains more than one percent asbestos by weight, and that hand pressure can crumble, pulverize or reduce to powder when dry. Non-friable asbestos containing materials are materials in which asbestos fibers are bound by a matrix material, saturation, impregnation or coating.

Non-friable…

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