Request for Proposal (RFP) No. 72029422R00002 with Amendment No. 1, Final.pdf
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- Attached to
- Active Citizenry Activity Federal contract opportunity
- Solicitation number
- 72029422R00002
- Issued by
- US Agency for International Development
About this file
This is an amended Request for Proposal for an Active Citizenry Activity issued by the US Agency for International Development. The purpose of the activity is to empower Palestinian citizens and civil society actors to hold public institutions accountable, foster social and political advancement, and improve overall living conditions and prosperity. The amended RFP provides answers to questions received and revises the original RFP. It seeks proposals for a five-year cost-plus-fixed-fee contract to implement three components: enhancing governance and institutional capacity of CSOs; increasing participatory community development and civic participation; and promoting transparency, accountability, and advocacy efforts. Proposals are due by May 16, 2022. The RFP details requirements for technical and cost proposals, as well as performance standards, key personnel, deliverables, and an evaluation plan.
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| Amendment No. 1 to RFP 72029422R00002- Questions and Answers.pdf |
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U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID Active Citizenry Activity
RFP No. 72029422R00002 1
Amendment No. 1: April 27, 2022
Request for Proposal (RFP) No.: 72029422R00002
Issue Date: April 11, 2022
Questions Due Date: April 20, 2022
Technical and Cost Proposals Submission Due Date: May 16, 2022, 16:30 Jerusalem Time
SUBJECT: Request for Proposals (RFP) RFP No.: 72029422R00002
USAID/West Bank and Gaza - Active Citizenry Activity
Dear Potential Offeror:
The United Agency for International Development (USAID) seeks proposals to provide technical assistance from qualified organizations to implement the Active Citizenry Activity, as described in enclosed Request for Proposal (RFP) and detailed in Section C- Statement of Work.
USAID/West Bank and Gaza (WBG) anticipates awarding one cost plus fixed-fee (CPFF) term-type contract as a result of this solicitation, for an estimated period of five (5) years from the date of contract award.
The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) code for this acquisition is
541990 – All Other Professional, Scientific and Technical Services. The principal Geographic
Code is 937.
This procurement will be conducted utilizing competitive proposal procedures pursuant to FAR, Part 15. Offerors are encouraged to read the entire solicitation, which includes the closing date and time, all pertinent contract requirements, and the conditions and instructions required for submitting a proposal. Please pay particularly close attention to Sections L and M. Section K -
Representations, Certifications and Acknowledgements must be filled out in full by the Offerors and their proposed major subcontractors. Proposals must be signed by an official who is authorized to bind the organization and are to be submitted to USAID no later than the closing date and time stated above.
It is the responsibility of the recipient of this solicitation to ensure that the solicitation has been received from https://sam.gov in its entirety. USAID bears no responsibility for data errors resulting from download or conversion processes.
RFP No. 72029422R00002 2
Any questions regarding this solicitation must be submitted in writing via email to activecitizenry-gce@usaid.gov by the date and time specified above. Answers to
Offerors’ questions will be provided in writing via solicitation amendment.
Proposals must be submitted via email to activecitizenry-gce@usaid.gov. Only Electronic submissions will be accepted; no other forms of submission will be accepted. If your organization decides to submit a proposal in response to this solicitation, it must be submitted by the designated date and time indicated in Block 9 of the RFP Cover page
(Standard Form 331). Proposals received after the closing date and time will be processed as late and handled in accordance with FAR Part 15.208. Proposals submitted in response to this solicitation shall be valid for no less than 180 days.
Issuance of this solicitation and the submittal of a proposal do not constitute a commitment on the part of the U.S. Government nor USAID to make an award; neither does it constitute an obligation for any costs incurred in the preparation and submission of a proposal.
Furthermore, the U.S. Government reserves the right to reject any and all offers, if such action is considered to be in the best interest of the U.S. Government.
Thank you in advance for your interest in USAID’s business opportunities.
Sincerely, /S/
Daniel Harter
Contracting Officer
USAID West Bank and Gaza
1 Offeror must download the most recent version of the SF 33 on www.gsa.gov to prepare its offer.
mailto:wbgactivecitizenry-GCE@usaid.gov mailto:wbgactivecitizenry-GCE@usaid.gov
RFP No. 72029422R00002 3
STANDARD FORM (SF) 33
(2 Pages)
RFP No. 72029422R00002 4
RFP No. 72029422R00002 5
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I –THE SCHEDULE 14
SECTION B - SUPPLIES OR SERVICES/PRICES 14
B.1 PURPOSE 14
B.2 CONTRACT TYPE 14
B.3 ESTIMATED COST, FEE, AND OBLIGATED AMOUNT 14
B.4 CONTRACT BUDGET SCHEDULE 14
B.5 COST REIMBURSABLE 15
B.6 INDIRECT COSTS (To be completed upon award) 15
B.7 LEVEL OF EFFORT (LOE) 17
B.8 FIXED FEE CEILING 17
B.9 PAYMENT OF FIXED FEE 17
SECTION C – DESCRIPTION / SPECIFICATIONS / STATEMENT OF WORK 19
SECTION D – BRANDING AND MARKING 37
D.1 AIDAR 752.7009 MARKING (JAN 1993) 37
D.2 BRANDING AND MARKING POLICY 37
D.3 BRANDING STRATEGY 39
D.4 MARKING PLAN 41
D.5 APPROVAL OF CONTRACTOR BRANDING STRATEGY AND MARKING PLAN 42
SECTION E – INSPECTION AND ACCEPTANCE 43
E.1 NOTICE LISTING CONTRACT CLAUSES INCORPORATED 43
BY REFERENCE 43
E.2 INSPECTION AND ACCEPTANCE 43
SECTION F - DELIVERIES OR PERFORMANCE 44
F.1 NOTICE LISTING CONTRACT CLAUSES INCORPORATED BY 44
REFERENCE 44
F.2 PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE 44
F.3 PLACE OF PERFORMANCE 44
RFP No. 72029422R00002 6
F.4 PERFORMANCE STANDARDS 44
F.5 KEY PERSONNEL 46
F.6 DELIVERABLES AND REQUIRED REPORTING 49
F.6.1 PLANS, REPORTS AND DELIVERABLES 50
F.6.2 REPORTING PRODUCTS AND TOOLS 56
F.6.3 SUMMARY OF PLANS, REPORTS AND OTHER DOCUMENTS 59
F.7 AIDAR 752.7005 SUBMISSION REQUIREMENTS FOR DEVELOPMENT
EXPERIENCE DOCUMENTS (SEPTEMBER 2013) 62
F.8 PROGRAM EVALUATIONS 64
F.9 AUTHORIZED WORKDAY / WEEK 64
SECTION G - CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION DATA 66
G.1 CONTRACTING OFFICER’S AUTHORITY 66
G.2 752.7003 DOCUMENTATION FOR PAYMENT (NOV 1998) 67
G.3 CONTRACTING OFFICER’S REPRESENTATIVE (COR) 68
G.4 TECHNICAL DIRECTIONS/RELATIONSHIP WITH USAID 69
G.5 PAYING OFFICE AND INVOICES 70
G.6 ACCOUNTING AND APPROPRIATION DATA 71
G.7 CONTRACTOR’S PRIMARY POINT OF CONTACT 71
SECTION H – SPECIAL CONTRACT REQUIREMENTS 72
H.1 NOTICE LISTING CONTRACT CLAUSES INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE 72
H.2 AUTHORIZED GEOGRAPHIC CODE 72
H.3 AIDAR 752.225-70 SOURCE AND NATIONALITY REQUIREMENTS (FEB 2012) 73
H.4 CONSENT TO SUBCONTRACTS 74
H.5 SPECIAL PROVISIONS 74
H.5.1 CHOICE OF LAW 74
H.5.2 USAID/WEST BANK AND GAZA MISSION NOTICES 74
H.5.3 SUBCONTRACTING WITH GOVERNMENT OR QUASI-GOVERNMENT
ENTITIES 74
H.5.4 VETTING 75
RFP No. 72029422R00002 7
H.5.5 PROHIBITION AGAINST CASH ASSISTANCE TO THE PALESTINIAN
AUTHORITY 75
H.5.6 PROHIBITION AGAINST SUPPORT FOR TERRORISM 75
H.5.7 RESTRICTION ON FACILITY NAMES 77
H.5.8 VALUE ADDED TAX AND CUSTOMS DUTIES 78
H.5.9 REPORTING OF FOREIGN TAXES 79
H.5.10 USAID/WEST BANK AND GAZA MISSION ORDER 21 COMPLIANCE
REVIEWS 80
H.5.11 CAPITAL ASSISTANCE (611e REQUIREMENTS) 80
H.5.12 PROHIBITION ON ASSISTANCE TO THE PALESTINIAN BROADCASTING
CORPORATION 81
H.5.13 USAID/WEST BANK AND GAZA AUDIT PROGRAM (ACA) 81
H.5.14 22 USC 2378c-1(a)(1) TAYLOR FORCE ACT 82
H.6 ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE 82
H.7 SCHEDULE AND COST DEVIATION 84
H.8 INTERNATIONAL TRAVEL APPROVAL 84
H.9 AIDAR 752.7032 INTERNATIONAL TRAVEL APPROVAL AND
NOTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS (APR 2014) 84
H.10 BUSINESS CLASS TRAVEL 85
H. 11 SOVEREIGN RELATIONSHIPS 85
H.12 AIDAR 752.7007 PERSONNEL COMPENSATION (JULY 2007) 85
H.13 ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR PERSONNEL COMPENSATION 85
H.14 EMPLOYMENT COSTS OF THIRD COUNTRY NATIONALS (TCNs) AND
COOPERATING COUNTRY NATIONALS (CCNs) 88
H.15 GRANTS UNDER CONTRACT 89
H.16 PRESS AND PRESS RELATIONS 90
H. 17 PROHIBITION AND ASSISTANCE TO DRUG TRAFFICKING 90
H. 18 U.S. CITIZENS REGISTRATION 91
H.19 STANDARDS OF CONDUCT – IMPROPER BUSINESS PRACTICES 91
H.20 CONTRACTOR’S USE OF PROJECT VEHICLES AND LIABILITY INSURANCE
REQUIREMENTS FOR PRIVATELY OWNED VEHICLES 92
RFP No. 72029422R00002 8
H.21 LANGUAGE REQUIREMENTS 92
H.22 OWNERSHIP OF PROJECT DATA, REPORTS AND OTHER DOCUMENTS 92
H.23 USE OF GOVERNMENT FACILITIES 93
H.24 CONTRACTOR’S STAFF SUPPORT, ADMINISTRATIVE, AND LOGISTICS
ARRANGEMENTS 93
H.25 INSURANCE AND SERVICES 93
H.26 AIDAR 752.228-70 MEDICAL EVACUATION (MEDEVAC) SERVICES (JUL 2007) 94
H.27 AIDAR 752.228-7 INSURANCE -- LIABILITY TO THIRD PERSONS (JUL 1997) 95
H.28 AIDAR 728.305-70 OVERSEAS WORKER'S COMPENSATION AND WAR-
HAZARD INSURANCE - WAIVERS AND USAID INSURANCE COVERAGE 95
H.29 LOGISTICAL SUPPORT 96
H.30 DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION 96
H.31 NONEXPENDABLE PROPERTY PURCHASES AND INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY RESOURCES 97
H.32 FOREIGN GOVERNMENT DELEGATIONS TO INTERNATIONAL
CONFERENCES (JAN 2002) 97
H.33 ELECTRONIC PAYMENTS SYSTEM 97
H.34 ADS 302.3.5.21 SUBMISSION OF DATASETS TO THE DEVELOPMENT DATA
LIBRARY (DDL) (OCTOBER 2014) 98
H.35 LIMITATION ON ACQUISITION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (DEVIATION
NOS. M/OAA-DEV-FAR-20-3c AND M/OAA-DEV-AIDAR-20-3c) (APRIL 2020) 100
H.36 CLOUD COMPUTING (APRIL 2018) 102
H.37 SEXUAL MISCONDUCT (DECEMBER 2020) 109
H.38 RESTRICTIONS ADMINISTERED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY ON
ACQUISITIONS OF SUPPLIES OR SERVICES FROM PROHIBITED SOURCES 110
H.39 SUBCONTRACTING PLAN AND THE SF 294 – SUBCONTRACTING REPORT
FOR INDIVIDUAL CONTRACTS AND SF 295 – SUMMARY CONTRACTING REPORT 110
H.40 ADS 302.3.5.19 USAID-FINANCED THIRD-PARTY WEB SITES (NOV 2017) 110
H.41 PROHIBITION ON THE USE OF FEDERAL FUNDS TO PROMOTE, SUPPORT,
OR ADVOCATE THE LEGALIZATION OR PRACTICE OF PROSTITUTION-TRAFFICKING
IN PERSONS - ACQUISITION 112
RFP No. 72029422R00002 9
H.42 ELECTRONIC AND INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
ACCESSIBILITY (APRIL 2018) 113
H.43 Information Technology Approval (APRIL 2018) (DEVIATION NO. M/OAA-DEV-FAR-
20-3c) (APRIL 2020) 114
H.44 PRIVACY AND SECURITY INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SYSTEMS
INCIDENT REPORTING (APRIL 2018) 115
H.45 SKILLS AND CERTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS FOR PRIVACY AND SECURITY
STAFF (APRIL 2018) 120
H.46 AIDAR 752.222-70 - USAID DISABILITY POLICY (DEC 2004) 120
H.47 AIDAR 752.222-71 NONDISCRIMINATION (JUNE 2012) 121
H.48 CONFLICT OF INTEREST 121
H.49 52.223-99 ENSURING ADEQUATE COVID-19 SAFETY PROTOCOLS FOR
FEDERAL CONTRACTORS (OCT 2021) (DEVIATION #M/OAA-DEV-FAR-22-01c) 123
H.50 752.245-70 GOVERNMENT PROPERTY – USAID REPORTING
REQUIREMENTS (OCT 2017) 124
PART II- CONTRACT CLAUSES 128
SECTION I - CONTRACT CLAUSES 128
I.1 FAR 52.252-2 CLAUSES INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE (FEB 1998) 128
PROHIBITION ON CONTRACTING FOR HARDWARE, SOFTWARE, AND SERVICES
DEVELOPED OR PROVIDED BY KASPERSKY LAB AND OTHER COVERED
ENTITIES 129
I.2 AIDAR 752.252-2 AIDAR CLAUSES INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE (MAR
2015) 133
I.3 52.204-1 APPROVAL OF CONTRACT (DEC 1989) 135
I.4 52.204-19 INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE OF REFERENCES
AND CERTIFICATIONS (DEC 2014) 135
I.5 52.204-25 PROHIBITION ON CONTRACTING FOR CERTAIN
TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND VIDEO SURVEILLANCE SERVICES OR EQUIPEMENT
(NOV 2021) 136
I.6 52.222-35 EQUAL OPPORTUNITY FOR VETERANS (JUN 2020) 139
(a) Definitions. As used in this clause- 140
I.7 52.222-36 EQUAL OPPORTUNITY FOR WORKERS WITH DISABILITIES 140
(JUN 2020) 140
RFP No. 72029422R00002 10
I.8 52.247-67 SUBMISSION OF TRANSPORTATION DOCUMENTS FOR AUDIT (FEB
2006) 141
I.9 AIDAR 752.7013 Contractor-MISSION RELATIONSHIPS (JUNE 2020) 141
PART III-LIST OF DOCUMENTS, EXHIBITS AND OTHER ATTACHMENTS 143
SECTION J – LIST OF ATTACHMENTS 143
PART IV- REPRESENTATIONS AND INSTRUCTIONS 148
SECTION K – REPRESENTATIONS, CERTIFICATIONS AND OTHER STATEMENTS OF
OFFERORS 148
K.1 NOTICE LISTING SOLICITATION PROVISIONS INCORPORATED BY
REFERENCE 148
K.2 52.204-3 TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION (OCT 1998) 149
K.3 52.204-8 Annual Representations and Certifications (JAN 2022). 150
K.4 52.204-20 Predecessor of Offeror (AUG 2020) 155
K.5 52.204-24 Representation Regarding Certain Telecommunications and Video
Surveillance Services or Equipment. (Nov 2021) 156
K.6 52.204-26 COVERED TELECOMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT OR SERVICES-
Representation (OCT 2020) 160
K.7 52.209-5 Certification Regarding Responsibility Matters (AUG 2020) 160
K.8 52.209-7 INFORMATION REGARDING RESPONSIBILITY MATTERS (OCT 2018)
K.9 52.209-11 REPRESENTATION BY CORPORATIONS REGARDING DELINQUENT
TAX LIABILITY OR A FELONY CONVICTION UNDER ANY FEDERAL LAW (FEB 2016)
K.10 52.209-12 CERTIFICATION REGARDING TAX MATTERS (OCT 2020) 165
K.11 52.222-22 PREVIOUS CONTRACTS AND COMPLIANCE REPORTS
(FEB 1999) 165
K.12 52.222-25 AFFIRMATIVE ACTION COMPLIANCE (APR 1984) 166
K.13 52.227-15 REPRESENTATION OF LIMITED RIGHTS DATA AND
RESTRICTEDCOMPUTER SOFTWARE (DEC 2007) 166
K.14 52.230-1 COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS NOTICES AND CERTIFICATION
(JUN 2020) 167
K.15 52.230-7 PROPOSAL DISCLOSURE-COST ACCOUNTING 170
RFP No. 72029422R00002 11
PRACTICE CHANGES (APR 2005) 170
K.16 52.232-40 PROVIDING ACCELERATED PAYMENTS TO SMALL BUSINESS
SUBCONTRACTORS (DEC 2013) (DEVIATION NO. M/OAA-DEV-FAR-20-05c) (JUN
2020) 171
K.17 AGREEMENT ON, OR EXCEPTIONS TO, TERMS AND CONDITIONS 171
K.18 52.222-56 CERTIFICATION REGARDING TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS
COMPLIANCE PLAN (OCT 2020) 171
K.19 AUTHORIZED NEGOTIATORS 172
K.20 SIGNATURE 173
SECTION L – INSTRUCTIONS, CONDITIONS, AND NOTICES TO OFFERORS 174
L.1 FAR 52.252-1 NOTICE LISTING SOLICITATION PROVISIONS INCORPORATED
BY REFERENCE (FEB 1998) 174
L.2 52.216-1 TYPE OF CONTRACT (Apr 1984) 175
L.3 52.233-2 SERVICE OF PROTEST. (SEP 2006) 175
L.4 52.252-5 AUTHORIZED DEVIATIONS IN PROVISIONS (Apr 1984) 176
L.5 GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS TO OFFERORS 176
L.6 DELIVERY INSTRUCTIONS 178
L.7 INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PREPARATION OF THE TECHNICAL VOLUME 181
L.8 INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PREPARATION OF THE COST PROPOSAL 190
L.8.1 GENERAL 191
L.8.2 MICROSOFT EXCEL BUDGET SPREADSHEET 192
L.8.3 BUDGET NARRATIVE 192
L.8.4 ADDITIONAL BUDGET INSTRUCTIONS 192
SECTION M – EVALUATION FACTORS FOR AWARD 205
M.1 52.252-1 SOLICITATION PROVISIONS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE (FEB
1998) 205
M.2 GENERAL INFORMATION 205
M.3 TECHNICAL EVALUATION CRITERIA 206
M.3.I. Technical Approach [see section L.7 (f)I] 206
M.3. II. Staffing and Management Approach [see section L.7 (f)II] 207
M.3.III. Institutional Capability [see L.7(f)III] 207
RFP No. 72029422R00002 12
M.3. IV. Contractor Performance Information [see L. 7(f)IV] 207
M. 4 COST PROPOSAL EVALUATION 209
M.5 DETERMINATION OF COMPETITIVE RANGE 210
M.6 SOURCE SELECTION 210
RFP No. 72029422R00002 13
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
CBOs Community- Based Organizations
CLA Collaboration, Learning, and Adapting
CMM Conflict Management and Mitigation
COR Contracting Officer’s Representative
CPARS Contractor Performance Assessment Reporting System
CPFF Cost-Plus-Fixed-Fee
CPCE USAID Civic Participation and Community Engagement (CPCE) activity
CSOs Civil Society Organizations
DQA Data Quality Assessment
DRG Democracy, Rights and Governance
GBV Gender-based violence
INGOs International Non- Governmental Organizations
IPs Implementing Partners
MEB Middle East Bureau
MEL Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning
MEPPA Middle East Partnership for Peace Act
MoI Ministry of the Interior
PA Palestinian Authority
PWD People with Disabilities
USAID U.S. Agency for International Development
WBG West Bank and Gaza
RFP No. 72029422R00002 14
PART I –THE SCHEDULE
SECTION B - SUPPLIES OR SERVICES/PRICES
B.1 PURPOSE
The purpose of the Active Citizenry Activity is to empower Palestinian citizens and civil society actors to hold public institutions accountable, foster social and political advancement, and improve overall living conditions and prosperity.
B.2 CONTRACT TYPE
This is a cost-plus-fixed-fee (CPFF) term type contract. For the consideration set forth below, the
Contractor shall deliver the services and achieve the goals and intended results described in
Sections C and F.
B.3 ESTIMATED COST, FEE, AND OBLIGATED AMOUNT
(a) The estimated cost for the performance of the work required hereunder for the period (Year 1 through Year 5) exclusive of fixed fee, if any, is $[TBD]. The fixed fee, if any, is $[TBD]. The total estimated cost-plus fixed fee, if any, is $[TBD]. Cost must be limited to reasonable, allocable and allowable costs determined in accordance with FAR 52.216-7 Allowable Cost and
Payment.
(b) Within the total estimated cost-plus fixed fee (if any) specified in paragraph (a) above, the amount currently obligated and available for reimbursement of allowable costs incurred by the
Contractor (and payment of fee, if any) for performance hereunder is $ [TBD]. The Contractor must not exceed the aforesaid obligated amount unless authorized by the Contracting Officer pursuant to the clause of this contract entitled "Limitation of Funds" (FAR 52.232-22).
(c) Funds obligated hereunder are anticipated to be sufficient through [To be inserted at the time of award]. Subject to the availability of funds, this contract will be incrementally funded.
B.4 CONTRACT BUDGET SCHEDULE
(a) The Contractor is not allowed to exceed any contract cost element nor is authorized to shift funding between cost elements without prior written approval of the Contracting Officer. The
RFP No. 72029422R00002 15
Contractor must not bill any amounts against this contract in excess of the amounts specified for each cost item as illustrated below:
CLIN Description CLIN Total Cost
0001 Technical Assistance (non-GUCs) $ _______
Fixed Fee (non-GUCS) $ _______
Grants Under Contract (GUCs) $_9,000,000
Fixed Fee (GUCS) $ _______
Total Estimated Cost-Plus Fixed Fee $ _______
B.5 COST REIMBURSABLE
The U.S. dollar costs reimbursable must be limited to those costs determined to be necessary, allocable, allowable and reasonable in accordance with FAR 52.216- 7, Allowable Cost and
Payment (AUGUST 2018), FAR 52.216-8, Fixed Fee, (JUNE 2011), and AIDAR 752.7003, Documentation for Payment (NOV 1998)
The applicable clauses incorporated by reference in Section I are as follows: FAR 52.232-20
Limitation of Cost (applies when the contract is fully funded). FAR 52.232-22 Limitation of Funds
(applies while the contract is funded in an amount less than the total cost-plus fixed fee).
B.6 INDIRECT COSTS (To be completed upon award)
The contract FAR clause 52.216-7, “Allowable Cost and Payment (AUG 2018)”, specifies that the indirect cost rates must be established for each of the Contractor’s accounting periods that apply to this contract. Pending establishment of revised provisional or final indirect cost rates, allowable indirect costs must be reimbursed on the basis of the following negotiated provisional or
RFP No. 72029422R00002 16 predetermined rates and the appropriate base for prime Contractors and their major subContractors.
Major subContractors are defined as those whose proposed cost exceeds
20% of the Offeror’s total proposed cost.
(a) Reimbursement for indirect costs shall be at the lower of the negotiated final (or predetermined) rates or the following ceiling rates:
Description Rate Base Type Period
% 1/ 1/ 1/
% 2/ 2/ 2/
% 3/ 3/ 3/
1/Base of Application:
Type of Rate:
Period:
2/Base of Application:
3/Base of Application:
NOTE: Insert additional indirect rates as needed for all primes and major subContractors in the above table.
(b) The Government will not be obligated to pay any additional amount should the final indirect cost rates exceed the negotiated ceiling rates. If the final indirect cost rates are less than the negotiated ceiling rates, the negotiated rates will be reduced to conform to the lower rates.
(c) This understanding shall not change any monetary ceiling, obligation, or specific cost allowance or disallowance. Any changes in classifying or allocating indirect costs require the prior written approval of the Contracting Officer.
RFP No. 72029422R00002 17
B.7 LEVEL OF EFFORT (LOE)
(a) The Government estimates that up to 52,484 person-days of LOE will be required for all
Long-Term and Short-Term employees of prime Offeror and subContractors (technical, non-technical, administrative and support staff) and consultants under this contract.
(b) Once the required LOE has been provided, the contract will be completed. No reallocation of labor, different than proposed by the Contractor, will result in an increase in the total estimated cost or exceed the obligated amount.
(c) Approvals, technical orders or other directions from the Contracting Officer’s
Representative (COR) do not constitute authorization to increase the LOE for this contract. The
Government is not obligated to reimburse the Contractor for any actions which increase the LOE unless such actions have been authorized in writing by the Contracting Officer.
B.8 FIXED FEE CEILING
(a) For this contract, the CO will authorize a fixed fee amount to be specified in section
B.3 above of the contract. In negotiating the fixed dollar amount for fee, the CO must consider the policies and factors for establishing fee in FAR 15.404-4 as well as any applicable USAID policy on establishing a fixed fee amount. In no event, however, may the amount of fixed fee exceed [TBD]% of the contract’s total estimated cost, excluding fee.
This fee ceiling is not applicable to Grants under Contracts (GUCs), if any, or other costs that have a separate fee ceiling established in the contract. The fixed fee ceiling applies to the prime contract and all cost reimbursement subcontracts.
(b) Separate Fixed Fee Ceiling Applicable to Grants Under Contracts (GUCs)-
USAID has not authorized the use of a Letter of Credit (LOC) for Grants Under Contract.
However, USAID reserves the right to lower the GUC fee if the use of LOC or advances are authorized for the Grants Under Contract. If a Letter of Credit or advances have been issued to the Contractor for GUC expenditures only, in no event may the amount of fixed fee (if any) applicable to GUCs exceeds [TBD] of the total cost of GUCs.
B.9 PAYMENT OF FIXED FEE
At the time of each payment of allowable costs to the Contractor, the USAID
RFP No. 72029422R00002 18 paying office ordinarily pays the Contractor a percentage of fixed fee that directly corresponds to the percentage of allowable costs being paid. Three exceptions to paying fixed fee in this manner apply:
(1) If the CO determines that this method results in paying a disproportionately higher ratio of fixed fee than the percentage of work that the Contractor has completed, then the CO may suspend further payment of any fixed fee until the Contractor has made sufficient progress to justify further payment, up to the agreed percentage.
(2) Because the clauses entitled "Allowable Cost and Payment" (FAR 52.216-7) and
"Fixed Fee" (FAR 52.216-8) are incorporated into this contract, the terms and conditions of these clauses apply after total payments of fixed fee reach eighty-five percent (85%) of the total fixed fee.
(3) For a term-type contract, monthly payment of fixed fee will be paid in proportion to the LOE delivered during that month and, pursuant to FAR 52.216-8, it will be made upon receipt of a proper invoice. In the event the Contractor has not delivered the total LOE at the expiration of the contract period, the fixed fee will be adjusted proportionately to the
LOE delivered. For example, if the Contractor has expended 85% of the total LOE, then the Contractor is entitled to 85% of the fixed fee amount, provided that the performance has been satisfactory.
[END OF SECTION B]
RFP No. 72029422R00002 19
SECTION C – DESCRIPTION / SPECIFICATIONS / STATEMENT OF WORK
I. TITLE
II. OVERVIEW
The USAID Active Citizenry Activity (the “Activity”) aims to increase citizens’ participation in civic life and support their efforts to advocate for positive changes, foster social and political advancement, and improve overall living conditions and prosperity.
The Activity will support the civil society sector, Palestinian citizens, media organizations, and other relevant stakeholders to become more active in civic life, decision-making and advocacy for citizens’ rights and demands.
III. BACKGROUND
Palestinian civil society in the West Bank (including East Jerusalem) and Gaza has a robust and complex history, and it evolved dramatically over the past half century. In 1967, there were dozens of Palestinian civil society actors – primarily unions and humanitarian organizations.2 Over the following two decades, Palestinian civil society would continue to blossom, with an estimated
1,400 Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) by 1994.3 These CSO typically operated at a grassroots level, providing critical services to communities in the absence of a government4 and were especially prominent leaders in human rights advocacy initiatives. The Oslo Accords and advent of the Palestinian Authority (PA) marked an important shift in this landscape. An estimated 800
CSOs dissolved,5 as the PA sought to subsume many of the services CSOs traditionally provided.
Despite this, civil society continued to fill critical service gaps—for example, CSOs were providing over half of the healthcare services and nearly all the pre-school services into the early
2000s.6 This period was also marked by an increase in funding from abroad. As a result, local
2 Ibid. Arab Center Washington DC, December 2020.
3 7amleh, October 2021. Investigative Study: The Palestinian Public’s Perception of Palestinian CSOs. Accessed 2
December 2021. Hard copy. Page 9.
4 NGO Development Center, March 2014. Improving the Internal Governance of the CSO sector: The Case of
Palestine. Accessed 2 December 2021.
5 Ibid. 7amleh, October 2021. Page 9.
6 Ibid, Arab Center Washington DC, December 2020.
http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/Worldbank/Event/MNA/yemen_cso/english/Yemen_CSO_conf_Pres_Palestine_EN.pdf http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/Worldbank/Event/MNA/yemen_cso/english/Yemen_CSO_conf_Pres_Palestine_EN.pdf
RFP No. 72029422R00002 20 communities became increasingly critical of CSOs for catering to international donors, rather than local communities’ priorities, i.e., the “NGO-ization” of civil society.7
Today, Palestinian CSOs continue to occupy an important space, with continued leadership on human rights, health, education, gender equality, and agricultural and rural development initiatives. The number of CSOs operating in the West Bank (including East Jerusalem) and Gaza has far surpassed the 1994 figures above: as of June 2021, 3,223 Palestinian CSOs are officially registered with the Ministry of the Interior (MoI) NGO Department (under the PA) in the West
Bank (including East Jerusalem) and Gaza. When counting unregistered organizations, those operating in Israel, and organizations abroad, this figure may exceed 4,000.8 CSOs face a complex operating environment which has become increasingly difficult to navigate.
Summarized here are some of the most salient themes about factors impacting the civil society landscape, with particular attention to developments in this landscape over the past five years.
Additionally, the novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) crisis is exacerbating pre-existing social, political, and economic challenges in the sector. Some of the current challenges are the increased number of gender-based violence (GBV) cases, the high rates of unemployment, and the lack of adequate information reaching citizens. In addition to an increased need, the pandemic impacted the day-to-day functions of CSOs and their ability to carry out activities, as well as their donor-funded resources.
Challenges
1. The operating environment. The operating environment for civil society is becoming more restrictive and increasingly risky. Civil society in the past five years is contending with a far more restrictive regulatory environment from both the PA and Israeli authorities.
These governments’ regulations hinder entry into the civil society arena (i.e., through cumbersome registration and/or bank account requirements), impose greater coordination and monitoring expectations on CSOs, and, in some cases, criminalize some CSO actors.
2. The variability of applicable administrative laws and procedures. CSOs struggle to navigate a complex administrative environment, which differs across the West Bank, East
Jerusalem, and Gaza. Different governing authorities and contradictory regulatory requirements for CSOs operating under the PA and/or under Israeli authority present a
7 European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR), undated. Mapping Palestinian Politics: Civil Society. Accessed 3
December 2021.
8 Ibid. 7amleh, October 2021. Page 10.
https://ecfr.eu/special/mapping_palestinian_politics/introduction_civil_society/
RFP No. 72029422R00002 21 significant challenge for organizations. Additionally, the different legal and political requirements in Gaza present unique challenges to organizations trying to operate in both the West Bank and Gaza. Complying with the laws and regulations of such different authorities is an onerous administrative process.
3. Constrained space of communication. A shrinking sphere of influence, coupled with feelings of distrust and competition between civil society and the PA are hindering meaningful, national-level engagement. Since the foundation of the PA in the 1990s, tensions have existed between it and civil society. Given the growing restrictions, many
CSOs believe that the PA is not open to civic participation, and the engagement of civil society is for public perception rather than promoting positive change.
4. COVID-19 Impact. Over the past two years, COVID-19 created significant uncertainty and volatility. There have been over 441,882 cumulative cases (since March 2020) in Gaza and the West Bank, and an overall positivity rate of around 18 percent among the population. Many CSOs struggled to adapt to COVID-19’s impact on community needs, donor priorities, movement restrictions, and service delivery. A shift in donor priorities resulted in increased funding to key sectors, such as healthcare, but created significant shortfalls in other sectors and funding to cover CSOs’ core operations, which impacted their financial stability.
5. Limited capacities of CSOs. Recent fundraising and sustainability challenges have greatly impacted CSOs’ ability to cope with the increased demands for their services.
Internal governance—including transparency, accountability, and leadership—requires consistent support and continued development. Many CSOs lack the appropriate monitoring, evaluation, accountability, and learning skills to develop their systems and improve staff capacity.
Opportunities
Despite these sector challenges, there are opportunities for Palestinian civil society to make tangible impacts through promoting governance and civic participation. Some of these opportunities include:
1. Enhanced engagement of Community-Based Organizations (CBOs) and other grassroots organizations. Such efforts can make programs more responsive to the needs and priorities of target communities. There is a growing interest among CSOs to ensure programming is more responsive to the needs and priorities of target populations. CBOs and other grassroots organizations provide a key entry point to communities, as they tend to work at the community level, have a deep understanding of needs, and can effectively engage with community members and leaders.
RFP No. 72029422R00002 22
2. Increased access to the internet and social media. Both media and CSOs are open to explore further cooperation and strengthen relationships to promote good governance and civic participation. Media (especially social media and news media), digital technology
(e.g., Zoom, WhatsApp), and digital platforms and applications are increasingly viewed as important and innovative tools to reach target communities. USAID’s rapid assessment identified social media specifically as a low-cost opportunity for sharing information and engaging communities, especially given the high degree of internet and social media penetration across the West Bank and Gaza. It also highlighted the importance of strengthening linkages with media organizations to allow CSOs to more effectively advocate and build visibility for their work. COVID-19 drove many CSOs to more rapidly implement digital technologies to enable their work during the pandemic (e.g., through virtual training during lockdowns).
3. Emerging CSO coalitions, committees and networks. The assessment revealed that stronger networking and coalition building among CSOs (including CBOs) is an opportunity and/or an organizational priority. It also highlighted the importance of engaging international actors (such as international non-governmental organizations
(INGOs)) in these efforts. This reflects an emerging interest among CSOs to engage at the national level; these coalitions and networks demonstrated potential in recent years. The assessment also indicated that networking helped CSOs better understand the needs of communities and respond quickly with interventions as needed. These CSOs networks and coalitions present an opportunity to hold responsible parties accountable.
4. Emerging positive community-based initiatives. There are positive community-based initiatives emerging that enhance collective work and outreach. This is particularly true in gender equality and social inclusion activities that target vulnerable groups such as girls, women, and people with disabilities. Examples include a recent youth debate program that gave voice to youth across the West Bank, helping youth grow their confidence to participate and engage in civic affairs. Another example is the recent civil society collaboration with the Ministries of Social Development, Health, and Education to raise awareness of violence against children with disabilities and strengthen the capacities of organizations that support these children.
IV. LINK TO MISSION STRATEGY AND NATIONAL PRIORITIES
This Activity falls under Mission Objective 3.1: Through engagement with the Palestinians on political and security reforms and capacity-building efforts, improve the foundation for good governance, a vibrant civil society, and the rule of law as essential elements of a sustainable peace.
This Activity reaffirms the commitment of the United States to improve the foundation for good governance where a vibrant civil society and rule of law are essential elements of a sustainable peace. Additionally, increasing civic participation in decision-making and outcomes, coupled with
RFP No. 72029422R00002 23 targeting marginalized sectors and groups will help improve the lives of the Palestinian people and the conditions for a two-state solution through a viable and democratic Palestinian State.
The Active Citizenry Activity will contribute to this objective, improving the living conditions and prosperity of citizens and building on USAID’s current assistance to the sector. It will enhance governance and the institutional capacity of CSOs; increase participatory community development and civic participation; promote dialogue and advocacy on key priorities; and strengthen public and private institutions accountability and citizens’ oversight. Working directly to address
Palestinians’ issues and building civil society capacities will contribute to USAID/WBG efforts towards enhancing governance, democracy, and human rights for Palestinian citizens.
The Activity will also support the Palestinian 2017-22 National Policy Agenda: Putting Citizens
First, which sets out the strategy to develop strong, citizen-centered public institutions.
Specifically, under National Policy 8, National Policy Agenda focuses on partnerships with the private sector and civil society.
V. BUILDING ON PREVIOUS AND ONGOING USAID ASSISTANCE
USAID investments in Democracy, Rights and Governance (DRG) programming have been a critical component of its assistance in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Through its programming, USAID advanced basic democratic freedoms and common goals shared between the American people and citizens of partner countries. These shared goals are reflected in
USAID’s work with civil society, which aims to drive democratic development in the MENA region.
The USAID/West Bank and Gaza (WBG) Mission provided assistance to Palestinian CSOs for nearly two decades. From 2008 to 2015, using a Grants under Cooperative Agreement mechanism, USAID/WBG provided over 100 grants to Palestinian CSOs that focused on civic participation, women’s empowerment, humanitarian responses, and other related areas. In addition, between
2015 and 2017, USAID/WBG awarded six direct grants to Palestinian CSOs working on child protection, GBV, governance, accountability and transparency issues. USAID/WBG provided grants to CSOs under its rule of law reform and local governance programs. In 2021, USAID/WBG awarded a two-year civil society support activity that focuses on enhancing governance and institutional capacity of CSOs, and increasing participatory community development and civic participation.
RFP No. 72029422R00002 24
The USAID Civic Participation and Community Engagement (CPCE) Project is a two year project implemented by FHI 360. The project started in September 2021 and is planned to end in
September 2023. The CPCE project aims to enhance governance and institutional capacity of civil society organizations, and increase participatory community development and civic participation. CPCE will do this by strengthening civil society organizations to better advocate and serve citizens, which will lead to increased citizen engagement and participation in all aspects of civic life.
VI. STATEMENT OF WORK
Theory of Change
If Civil Society Organizations have the skills and resources to serve and engage constituents;
then:
➔ Civil Society Organizations will be stronger advocates for positive change; and
➔ Reform-minded and active citizens will increase their participation in civic life.
Achieving these goals will lay the foundations for a two-state, negotiated solution by building democratic institutions that reflect and serve the needs of citizens.
Goal, Objectives and Components
The goal of the Activity is to increase citizens’ participation in civic life and support their efforts to advocate for positive changes. The Contractor must build on the programs implemented by
USAID and other donors. The Contractor must adopt a flexible approach that responds to the sector needs and dynamic local context. The Contractor must work with civil society stakeholders, including media outlets, private sector, think tanks, universities, research institutions, trade unions and associations, and other relevant stakeholders, to increase their capacity to advocate for reforms related to service provision and other key priorities that address citizens needs with an emphasis on issues related to marginalized groups.
Given the dynamic nature of the sector, political developments and the various unforeseen changes that may occur, each component must include flexibility to enable the Contractor to respond to unplanned needs that may arise during the life of the project. The Contractor must also employ an iterative management approach that regularly reassesses and re-evaluates the operating environment(s) and adjusts implementation as necessary. Individual tasks/activities and interventions will be determined based upon learning and analysis and in consultation with USAID and stakeholders.
RFP No. 72029422R00002 25
The Activity has three main objectives/components as follows:
Objective/Component 1: Enhanced governance and institutional capacity of CSOs;
Objective/Component 2: Increased participatory community development and civic participation;
and
Objective/Component 3: Promoted transparency, accountability, and advocacy efforts.
The Contractor must implement activities under the three core components detailed below:
Component One: Enhanced governance and institutional capacity of CSOs
For years Palestinian CSOs have been the recipients of a large variety of training and capacity building activities. These activities, however, have not always been effective. In order to support
CSO development, the approach must shift from training actions targeting individuals towards
"institutional capacity development", including long-term assistance and support to organizations.
The 2017 Civil Society Index (the most recent to include the West Bank and Gaza) points to internal governance gaps for Palestinian CSOs, most notably around transparent board selection, active engagement of board members in organizational governance, adherence to bylaws and policies, and overall organizational transparency and accountability.9 Findings from this assessment affirm continued gaps in internal governance.
In this component, the Contractor must enhance the governance and institutional capacities of the civil society sector to strengthen its advocacy and support for its constituents and marginalized vulnerable groups. The Contractor must develop an assessment of CSOs needs covering immediate and mid-term gaps facing the sector. The Contractor must work with targeted CSOs to increase the institutional and financial sustainability of civil society actors while improving adaptive capabilities to rapidly respond to shifts in civic space. The Contractor must work with CSOs to improve their financial and administrative capacities and upgrade their institutional skills that help contribute to their long-term financial sustainability. The Contractor must work with other CSOs and relevant stakeholders to advance their capabilities and enhance their performance. The
Contractor must target CSOs and provide them with tailored assistance that responds to their needs and gaps. The Contractor must work with CSOs to improve their strategic planning, fund- raising, and other technical skills to reduce their reliance on donor funding.
The Contractor must coordinate with the current USAID Civic Participation and Community
Engagement Activity to build on its efforts and collect information relating to the institutional capacities of CSOs. The Contractor must carry out a baseline analysis of CSOs capabilities to determine their needs and gaps to provide them with tailored assistance packages that enhance
9 USAID, December 2018. 2017 Civil Society Organization Sustainability Index: For the Middle East and North Africa.
Accessed 8 December 2021.
https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1866/2017-CSO-Sustainability-Index-for-Middle-East-and-North-Africa.pdf
RFP No. 72029422R00002 26 their capabilities in specific areas. The Contractor must support all civil society sectors, including well-established CSOs as well as smaller, grassroots CBOs, noting the diverse set of needs and a tailored approach. The Contractor must strengthen CSOs’ capacity to mainstream gender and social inclusion across all its interventions and sectors.
Illustrative Activities (activities under this component are illustrative and may include, but are not limited to):
● Improve the institutional capabilities of CSOs by providing tailored assistance in certain areas of skills and knowledge such as, but not limited to, strategic planning; fund raising; inclusion of marginalized groups, etc. Tailored assistance must be provided upon completion of a capacity assessment for targeted CSOs.
● Enhance internal democratic governance practices within CSOs.
● Increase CSOs capacity to respond to constituents’ needs and advocate for their issues by supporting CSOs to do better targeting of beneficiaries, using methodologies such as participatory planning, monitoring and evaluation, beneficiary feedback and impact assessments.
● Strengthen CSO networks, coalitions, and social networks as part of CSOs sustainability when applicable.
● Improve CSOs financial sustainability by working with targeted CSOs early in the process to develop and implement financial sustainability plans.
● Identify other innovative mechanisms or approaches towards increasing institutional capacities of sector stakeholders.
Expected Results:
1. Increased institutional, technical, and financial capacities of targeted civil society stakeholders;
2. Established networks and thematic working groups and committees of sector stakeholders;
3. Established partnerships within the civil society sector towards increasing coordination, cooperation, and exchanging of knowledge;
4. Improved internal governance (including transparency, accountability, and leadership) and strategic planning within targeted CSOs; and
RFP No. 72029422R00002 27
5. Improved articulation of inclusion of vulnerable groups in CSOs strategies and priorities including women and people with disabilities.
Component Two: Increased participatory community development and civic participation.
Addressing citizens’ needs and engaging them in implementing activities will increase their sense of ownership and encourage collaboration and positive relationships between CSOs and
Palestinian communities. There is a growing interest among CSOs to ensure programming is more responsive to the needs and priorities of the target populations (i.e., communities). CSOs and other grassroots organizations provide a key entry point to communities, as they tend to work at the community level, have a deep understanding of needs, and can effectively engage with community members and leaders.
The Contractor must focus on enhancing civic participation by promoting a culture of responsible citizenry, raising the awareness of citizens regarding their obligations and responsibilities while addressing their needs on the community level. The Contractor must work with CSOs on identifying approaches that will help these CSOs better reach citizens and gauge public engagement on certain issues. This must be coupled with the development of an outreach plan that can include - but is not limited to- TV and radio spots, use of digital media to increase civic engagement, and development of informative documents. The Contractor must focus on a broad definition of inclusion that targets various vulnerable groups, including women; youth; People with Disabilities (PWD); and other vulnerable groups and must include voices from all walks of civic life.
The Contractor must bolster CSOs approaches and tools in identifying their constituents’ needs and develop interventions that address these needs. The Contractor must provide grants for sustainable community projects designed by the community support groups that address social and economic development needs. The Contractor must explore other approaches that help CSOs in promoting active citizenry and community development that is guided by partnership with community representatives and other stakeholders to ensure inclusion, appropriate and sound identification of needs, and interventions that respond to community priorities. The Contractor must adopt a participatory co-creation and co-design project approach with CSOs, coalitions, and
CBOs. To the extent possible, the Contractor must ensure that partnering CSOs are engaging community members directly to generate a sense of community ownership and encourage collaboration and positive relationships between CSOs and communities.
Illustrative Activities (activities under this component are illustrative and may include, but are not
RFP No. 72029422R00002 28
● Support CSOs in engaging community institutions, community leaders and activists and enabling them to assess their community socio-economic needs, set their plans, and mobilize resources for the implementation of community development projects.
● Strengthen CSOs’ efforts on raising citizens awareness and engagement on issues related to inclusion of marginalized groups.
● Support CSOs efforts in creating reform-minded citizens who can participate in civic life.
● Provide grants to CSOs serving marginalized vulnerable groups.
● Supports CSOs efforts in engaging private sector institutions in delivering community- based needs and interventions.
● Other innovative mechanisms or approaches that are seen appropriate and serve the purpose of increasing civic participation, civic inclusion, and community development.
1. Increased number of initiatives that address citizens needs and demands;
2. Increased number of women and adolescent led initiatives in their community;
3. Improved civil society stakeholder effectiveness to advocate for and serve constituents;
4. Increased citizens participation in decision-making; and
5. Increased use of constituency building and citizens engagement.
Component Three: Promoted transparency, accountability, and advocacy efforts
Openness and public participation are important elements for ensuring active civic participation.
It leads to increased transparency, more responsive leadership decisions, and improved prosperity and living conditions. Enabling citizens to actively engage in advocating for and claiming their rights and monitoring the public and private institutions performance is central to improved civic engagement and accountability.
This Contractor must focus on strengthening policy dialogue between civil society, government, and related public institutions. The Contractor must provide CSOs with technical assistance to be effective in advocating for policy reforms that are crucial for promoting good governance and addressing priorities for vulnerable groups such as girls, women, and PWD. The Contractor must enhance CSOs’ efforts in monitoring the concerned institutions’ performance, which is a central element to improved civic engagement and social accountability. The Contractor must engage the private sector to enhance civic engagement advocacy, accountability and transparency, and
RFP No. 72029422R00002 29 enhanced services to enable economic growth and investment.
Illustrative Activities (activities under this Component are illustrative and may include, but are not
● Advance CSOs efforts in carrying out advocacy initiatives that serve vulnerable groups or promote issues of public interest.
● Promote cooperation between CSOs and private sector institutions towards increasing civic participation and engagement and promote transparency.
● Create other innovative mechanisms or approaches that are seen appropriate and serve the purpose of increasing transparency, accountability, and civic participation.
1. Increased dialogue among the various stakeholders towards promoting accountability and transparency;
2. Increased number of reform- minded citizens who can participate in civic life and advocate for their rights and demands; and
3. Integrated local and national efforts on advocacy and promoting issues of public interest.
VII. THEMATIC SECTORS FOR INTERVENTIONS
● Human rights and rule of law initiatives.
Human rights is a challenging topic and covers a broad spectrum of issues. USAID has a long history of supporting human rights under a variety of reporting labels including rule of law; civil society, vulnerable populations; marginalized groups; property rights and access to justice.
The promotion of certain principles can encourage norms to evolve and reflect a respect for important ideals, such as human rights and democratic values. Values, such as the protection of the rights of women and other marginalized groups, are aligned with the respect for human dignity and human rights.
Promoting…
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