PKG00251429-instructions..pdf

OMB No. 1121-0329 Approval Expires 11/30/2020

U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention

OJJDP FY 2019 Specialized Services and Mentoring for Child and Youth Victims of Sex Trafficking and Sexual Exploitation

FY 2019 Competitive Grant Solicitation

CFDA #16.726, 16.543, 16.830, and 16.320

Grants.gov Solicitation Number: OJJDP-2019-14988

Solicitation Release Date: May 28, 2019

Application Deadline: 11:59 p.m. eastern time (ET) on July 29, 2019

The U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), Office of Justice Programs (OJP), Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) is seeking applications for funding under the fiscal year (FY) 2019 Specialized Services and Mentoring for Child and Youth Victims of Sex Trafficking and Sexual Exploitation. This program furthers the Department’s mission by supporting efforts to provide mentoring and supportive services for children and youth who are victims of sexual exploitation and domestic sex trafficking, boys who often go unidentified as victims of trafficking, and girls who are vulnerable to trafficking and who are most likely to end up in the juvenile justice system. This program aligns with the administration’s priorities of preventing further victimization through mentoring, support services, and community awareness activities.

This solicitation incorporates the OJP Grant Application Resource Guide by reference. The OJP Grant Application Resource Guide provides guidance to applicants on how to prepare and submit applications for funding to OJP. If this solicitation expressly modifies any provision in the OJP Grant Application Resource Guide, the applicant is to follow the guidelines in this solicitation as to that provision.

This solicitation offers three program categories and applicants must designate the category for which they are applying. Applicants may submit an application for one category only. If an application is submitted by the same applicant agency for more than one category, the application submitted last (based on date/time stamp) via the Grants Management System and/or Grants.Gov will be determined to be the accepted application.

Eligibility (Who may apply):

Category 1 (OJJDP-2019-16249): Specialized Services and Mentoring for Child and Youth Victims of Sex Trafficking and Sexual Exploitation https://www.usdoj.gov/ https://ojp.gov/ https://www.ojjdp.gov/ https://www.ojjdp.gov/ https://www.ojp.gov/funding/Apply/Resources/Grant-App-Resource-Guide.htm

OJJDP-2019-14988

Eligible applicants are limited to states (including territories), units of local government,1 federally recognized Indian tribal governments (as determined by the Secretary of the Interior), nonprofit organizations2 and for-profit organizations (including tribal nonprofit and for-profit organizations), and institutions of higher education (including tribal institutions of higher education).

Eligible applicants that propose to provide direct services to youth must not include youth who are age 18 or older in the population they will serve.

Category 2 (OJJDP-2019-16250): Enhanced Service Delivery for Boys Who Are Victims of Sex and Labor Trafficking and Commercial Sexual Exploitation

Eligible applicants are limited to states (including territories), units of local government,3 federally recognized Indian tribal governments, nonprofit organizations, and nongovernmental organizations4. Applicants that are nonprofit organizations must be organizations described in 26 U.S.C. 501(c)(3) and exempt from taxation under 26 U.S.C. 501(a). Nonprofit organizations that hold money in offshore accounts for the purposes of avoiding paying the tax described in 26 U.S.C. 511(a) are not eligible to apply.

Eligible applicants that propose to provide direct services to youth must not include youth who are age 18 or older in the population they will serve.

Federal laws prohibit recipients of OJP funding from discriminating in the delivery of services on the basis of age, race, color, national origin, sex, religion, or disability. The applicant may, under certain circumstances, limit services based upon sex and refer otherwise eligible beneficiaries outside of the specialized group to other services.

1 A “unit of local government” means—

(a) Any city, county, township, town, borough, parish, village, or other general purpose political subdivision of a state.

(b) Any law enforcement district or judicial enforcement district that—

(i) Is established under applicable state law, and

(ii) Has the authority to, in a manner independent of other state entities, establish a budget and impose taxes.

(c) For the purposes of assistance eligibility, any agency of the government of the District of Columbia or the federal government that performs law enforcement functions in and for—

(i) The District of Columbia, or

(ii) Any Trust Territory of the United States.

2 See https://ojp.gov/funding/Explore/LegalOverview/OrganizationalRequirements.htm for additional information on demonstrating nonprofit status.

3 A “unit of local government” means—

(a) Any city, county, township, town, borough, parish, village, or other general purpose political subdivision of a state.

(b) Any law enforcement district or judicial enforcement district that—

(i) Is established under applicable state law, and

(ii) Has the authority to, in a manner independent of other state entities, establish a budget and impose taxes.

(c) For the purposes of assistance eligibility, any agency of the government of the District of Columbia or the federal government that performs law enforcement functions in and for—

(i) The District of Columbia, or

(ii) Any Trust Territory of the United States.

4 See https://ojp.gov/funding/Explore/LegalOverview/OrganizationalRequirements.htm for additional information on demonstrating nonprofit status.

https://ojp.gov/funding/Explore/LegalOverview/OrganizationalRequirements.htm

All recipients and subrecipients (including any for-profit organization) must forgo any profit or management fee.

Category 3 (OJJDP-2019-16251): Preventing Sex Trafficking of Girls and Involvement in the Juvenile Justice System

Eligible applicants are limited to states (including territories), units of local government,5 federally recognized Indian tribal governments, nonprofit organizations6 and for-profit organizations (including tribal nonprofit and for-profit organizations), and institutions of higher education (including tribal institutions of higher education).

For the purposes of this solicitation, “youth involved in the juvenile justice system” refers to those youth younger than age 18 who have been arrested or referred for intake to a public agency (state, tribal, city, or county) legally responsible for handling juvenile crime, delinquency, and youth in need of guidance, treatment, or rehabilitation due to problematic behavior (i.e., truancy, running away, ungovernable, etc.). Eligible applicants that propose to provide direct services to youth must not include youth who are age 18 or older in the population they will serve.

All recipients and subrecipients (including any for-profit organization) must forgo any profit or management fee.

For all three categories, OJJDP will consider applications under which two or more entities would carry out the federal award; however, only one entity may be the applicant. Any others must be proposed as subrecipients (subgrantees). The applicant must be the entity that would have primary responsibility for carrying out the award, including administering the funding and managing the entire program. Under this solicitation, only one application by any particular applicant entity will be considered. An entity may, however, be proposed as a subrecipient (subgrantee) in more than one application. For additional information on subawards, see the OJP Grant Application Resource Guide.

OJJDP may elect to fund applications submitted under all categories of this FY 2019 solicitation in future fiscal years, dependent on, among other considerations, the merit of the applications and the availability of appropriations.

Contact Information For technical assistance with submitting an application, contact the Grants.gov Customer Support Hotline at 800–518–4726 or 606–545–5035, at

5 A “unit of local government” means—

(a) Any city, county, township, town, borough, parish, village, or other general purpose political subdivision of a state.

(b) Any law enforcement district or judicial enforcement district that—

(i) Is established under applicable state law, and

(ii) Has the authority to, in a manner independent of other state entities, establish a budget and impose taxes.

(c) For the purposes of assistance eligibility, any agency of the government of the District of Columbia or the federal government that performs law enforcement functions in and for—

(i) The District of Columbia, or

(ii) Any Trust Territory of the United States.

6 See https://ojp.gov/funding/Explore/LegalOverview/OrganizationalRequirements.htm for additional information on demonstrating nonprofit status.

https://www.grants.gov/web/grants/support.html, or at support@grants.gov. The Grants.gov Support Hotline operates 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, except on federal holidays.

An applicant that experiences unforeseen Grants.gov technical issues beyond its control that prevent it from submitting its application by the deadline must email the National Criminal Justice Reference Service Response Center (Response Center) at grants@ncjrs.gov within 24 hours after the application deadline to request approval to submit its application after the deadline. Additional information on reporting technical issues appears under “Experiencing Unforeseen Grants.gov Technical Issues” in the How To Apply (Grants.gov) section in the OJP Grant Application Resource Guide.

For assistance with any other requirements of this solicitation, contact the Response Center by telephone at 800–851–3420 or TTY: 301–240–6310 (hearing impaired only) or by email at grants@ncjrs.gov. Response Center hours of operation are 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. ET, Monday through Friday, and 10 a.m. to 8 p.m. ET on the solicitation close date. General information on applying for OJJDP awards can be found at https://www.ojjdp.gov/funding/funding.html.

Answers to frequently asked questions that may assist applicants are posted at https://www.ojjdp.gov/grants/solicitations/FY2019/FAQ/CYVST.pdf.

A solicitation webinar will be held on June 18, 2019 at 1:30pm ET. This call will provide a detailed overview of the solicitation and allow an opportunity for interested applicants to ask questions. Preregistration is required for all participants. Register by clicking on this link and following the instructions. Due to the limited time, OJJDP encourages participants to review the solicitation and submit any questions they may have in advance and no later than June 13, 2019. Submit your questions to grants@ncjrs.gov with the subject as “Questions for OJJDP FY 2019 Specialized Services and Mentoring for Child and Youth Victims of Sex Trafficking and Sexual Exploitation Webinar.”

Post-Award Legal Requirements Notice If selected for funding, in addition to implementing the funded project consistent with the OJP-approved application, the recipient must comply with all award conditions and all applicable requirements of federal statutes and regulations (including applicable requirements referred to in the assurances and certifications executed in connection with award acceptance). OJP strongly encourages prospective applicants to review information on post-award legal requirements and common OJP award conditions prior to submitting an application.

For additional information on these legal requirements, see the “Administrative, National Policy, and Other Legal Requirements” section in the OJP Grant Application Resource Guide.

Deadline Details Applicants must register with Grants.gov at https://www.grants.gov/web/grants/register.html prior to submitting an application. All applications are due by 11:59 p.m. ET on July 29, 2019.

To be considered timely, an application must be submitted by the application deadline using Grants.gov, and the applicant must have received a validation message from Grants.gov that indicates successful and timely submission. OJP urges applicants to submit applications at least 72 hours prior to the application due date, to allow time for the applicant to receive validation messages or rejection notifications from Grants.gov, and to correct in a timely fashion any problems that may have caused a rejection notification.

https://www.grants.gov/web/grants/support.html mailto:support@grants.gov mailto:grants@ncjrs.gov https://www.ojp.gov/funding/Apply/Resources/Grant-App-Resource-Guide.htm https://www.ojp.gov/funding/Apply/Resources/Grant-App-Resource-Guide.htm mailto:grants@ncjrs.gov https://www.ojjdp.gov/funding/funding.html https://www.ojjdp.gov/grants/solicitations/FY2019/FAQ/Tools.pdf http://ojjdptta.adobeconnect.com/eiejgd0szxgx/event/registration.html mailto:grants@ncjrs.gov https://www.grants.gov/web/grants/register.html

An applicant must use the Add Attachment button to attach a file to its application. Do not click the paperclip icon to attach files. This action will not attach the files to the application. After adding an attachment, select the View Attachment button to confirm you attached the correct file. To remove the file, select the Delete Attachment button.

OJP encourages all applicants to read this Important Notice: Applying for Grants in Grants.gov.

For additional information, see the “How to Apply (Grants.gov)” section in the OJP Grant Application Resource Guide.

https://ojp.gov/funding/Apply/Grants-govInfo.htm

Contents

Overview

Program-Specific Information

Goals, Objectives, and Deliverables

Evidence-Based Programs or Practices

Information Regarding Potential Evaluation of Programs and Activities

Encouraging Program Investments in Economically Distressed Communities

Type of Award

Financial Management and System of Internal Controls

Budget Information

Cost Sharing or Match Requirement

Preagreement Costs (also known as Preaward Costs)

Limitation on Use of Award Funds for Employee Compensation; Waiver

Prior Approval, Planning, and Reporting of Conference/Meeting/Training Costs

Costs Associated With Language Assistance (if applicable)

What an Application Should Include

How To Apply (Grants.gov)

Review Criteria

Review Process

Federal Award Notices

Administrative, National Policy, and Other Legal Requirements

Information Technology (IT) Security Clauses

General Information About Post-Federal Award Reporting Requirements

Freedom of Information and Privacy Act (5 U.S.C. 552 and U.S.C. 552a)

Provide Feedback to OJP

Appendices: A and B Performance Measures Tables

Appendix C: Application Checklist

OJJDP FY 2019 Specialized Services and

Mentoring for Child and Youth Victims of

Sex Trafficking and Sexual Exploitation

CFDA #16.726, 16.543, 16.830, 16.320

Program Description

Overview The purpose of this program is to enhance the capacity of applicant organizations to respond to the needs of children and youth who are victims of sexual exploitation (SE)/domestic sex trafficking (DST) as well as labor trafficking.

There are three categories of funding available under this solicitation.

Category 1: Specialized Services and Mentoring for Child and Youth Victims of Sex Trafficking and Sexual Exploitation. This category supports the efforts of eligible applicant organizations to increase the availability of direct support services for children and youth who are victims of SE/DST, develop or enhance their mentoring capacity, and facilitate outreach efforts to identify these youth. For the purposes of this solicitation, OJJDP defines children and youth as anyone younger than age 18. Under this category, OJJDP expects successful applicants to provide mentoring and other needed support services to these youth, develop or enhance mentoring service models and mentor training based on best practices to focus on the needs of youth who are at risk for or are victims of SE/DST, and develop or update strategies to recruit and maintain mentors to serve these youth. Any application submitted for Category 1 must allow services for both girls and boys.

Category 2: Enhanced Service Delivery for Boys Who Are Victims of Sex and Labor Trafficking and Commercial Sexual Exploitation. This category supports the efforts of eligible applicant organizations to ensure that the specialized services and mentoring are responsive to the needs of male victims of child sex trafficking and sexual exploitation, and labor trafficking. Under this category, OJJDP expects successful applicants to provide direct support services (including mentoring) based on best practices for boys who are victims of sex trafficking and commercial sexual exploitation (CSE).

Category 3: Preventing Sex Trafficking of Girls and Involvement in the Juvenile Justice System. This category supports the efforts of eligible applicant organizations to increase the availability of programs focusing on girls involved in the juvenile justice system and prevention and early intervention strategies for girls vulnerable to SE/DST and who are most likely to end up in the juvenile justice system. Under this category, OJJDP expects successful applicants to implement prevention and early intervention programs based upon best practices for girls vulnerable to becoming victims of SE/DST who are currently in the juvenile justice system; to provide direct support services and mentoring services to girls at risk of becoming victims of SE/DST; and to develop or enhance reentry strategies to help vulnerable girls on a path toward success, stability, and long-term contribution to society.

Statutory Authority: 34 U.S.C. 11171–11172; 22 U.S.C. 7105(b)(2); Department of Justice Appropriations Act, 2019, Pub. L. No. 116–6, 133 Stat. 13, 115.

Program-Specific Information

For the purposes of this solicitation, OJJDP defines commercial sexual exploitation of children (CSEC) as a range of crimes and activities involving the sexual abuse or exploitation of a child/youth for the financial benefit of any person or in exchange for anything of value (including monetary and nonmonetary benefits) given or received by any person. Examples of crimes and acts that constitute CSEC include:

Child/youth sex trafficking.

Child/youth sex tourism involving commercial sexual activity.

Commercial production of child/youth pornography.

Online transmission of video or images of a child/youth engaged in sexual activity in exchange for anything of value.

CSEC also includes situations where a child/youth engages in sexual activity in exchange for anything of value, which includes nonmonetary things such as food, shelter, drugs, or protection from any person. Depending on the specific circumstances, CSEC may also occur in the context of Internet-based marriage brokering, early marriage, and children/youth performing in sexual venues. It should be noted that CSEC is not legally defined by federal statute or case law. However, several federal criminal provisions can be applied to conduct that falls within this definition of CSEC, including 18 U.S.C. §§ 1591, 2251, 2423(c), and 2421 et seq.

OJJDP recognizes that children may also be sexually exploited through noncommercial means. Programs in Categories 1 and 3 should also consider this target population as a part of their service delivery model. Examples of these victims may include those children who have been abducted by known or unknown perpetrators and sexually exploited (i.e., forced sex or victims of child pornography). These children have experienced harm and trauma that is often irreparable, and recovery is a long and difficult journey. Critical supports are necessary to aid in this healing process.

Category 1: Specialized Services and Mentoring for Child and Youth Victims of Sex Trafficking and Sexual Exploitation

Children and youth who are victims of SE/DST have a complicated constellation of risk factors, vulnerabilities, service needs, and challenges.7 Children and youth who experience SE/DST are sexually, physically, and mentally abused; and are often socially isolated, afraid, and ashamed. They can become overwhelmed and revictimized when engaging with the juvenile justice system or when serving as witnesses in criminal cases against their exploiters. They may not view themselves as victims and often feel that their only option is to remain in or return to an exploitative situation. As such, it is critical to provide comprehensive support services and interventions that address the varied needs of these children and youth and to use evidence-based practices.

7 Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. Confronting Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Sex Trafficking of Minors in the United States, chapter 3. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

Mentoring as a practice has an overall positive impact on youth.8 9 10 Research has shown that mentoring can improve self-esteem, academic achievement, and peer relationships and reduce drug use, aggression, depressive symptoms, and delinquent acts.11 12 13 However, it is estimated in one survey that more than one in three young people never had an adult mentor of any kind while they were growing up.14 Research also demonstrates that the size of the effect can vary and there are certain moderators, or features, of the mentoring program that tend to be associated with better outcomes for youth, such as length and quality of the relationship, and what types of training the program provides to mentors.

Efforts that build or enhance mentoring programs focused on providing at-risk children and youth with access to high-quality mentoring and appropriate support services can empower girls and boys to exit the commercial sex industry and move past any possible involvement in the justice system and their experiences with victimization to develop their full potential.

The OJJDP-funded Institute of Medicine report Confronting Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Sex Trafficking of Minors in the United States provided the following findings and conclusions on service provision to children and youth who are victims and survivors of commercial sexual exploitation and DST in Part II: Current and Emerging Strategies, Chapter 6: Victim and Support Services:

Finding 6-1: These children/youth are in need of services.

Finding 6-5: Services and resources are scarce; when available, these services are unevenly spread geographically. In addition, service providers vary in their ability to provide specialized care for these victims and survivors.

Finding 6-7: Few service providers address the needs of boys who are victims of commercial sexual exploitation and DST.

In response to these findings and conclusions, this category supports mentoring and other direct support services for this vulnerable population, and targeted training for professionals working with these youth. Qualified mentor programs involve structured relationships between an adult (counselor, case manager, trained volunteer, and/or survivor) and the youth mentee in one-on-one and/or group sessions. These sessions may include both structured and informal activities that relate to social competence, life skills, victim support, job skill development, mental health, substance abuse, and other related subjects. Applicants are encouraged to visit the OJJDP

8 DuBois, D.L., Portillos, N., Rhodes, J.E., Silverthorn, N., and Valentine, J.C. 2011. “How Effective Are Mentoring Programs for Youth? A Systematic Assessment of the Evidence.” Psychological Science in the Public Interest

12(2):57–91.

9 Tolan, P., Henry, D., Schoeny, M., Bass, A., Lovegrove, P., and Nichols, E. 2013. “Mentoring Interventions to Affect Juvenile Delinquency and Associated Problems: A Systematic Review.” Campbell Systematic Reviews 2013:10.

Available at http://campbellcollaboration.org/lib/project/48/.

10 Defined as meeting the rigor criteria outlined on CrimeSolutions.gov:

https://www.crimesolutions.gov/about_practicereview.aspx.

11 DuBois et al. (2011).

12 Tolan et al. (2013).

13 Herrera, C., DuBois, D., and Grossmann, J.B. 2013. The Role of Risk: Mentoring Experiences and Outcomes for Youth with Varying Risk Profiles. New York, NY: A Public/Private Ventures project distributed by MDRC.

14 Bruce, M., and Bridgeland, J. 2014. The Mentoring Effect: Young People’s Perspectives on the Outcomes and Availability of Mentoring. Washington, DC: Civic Enterprises with Hart Research

Associates for MENTOR: The National Mentoring Partnership. Available at http://www.mentoring.org/mentoringeffect.

https://www.ojjdp.gov/pubs/243838.pdf https://www.ojjdp.gov/pubs/243838.pdf http://www.nationalacademies.org/hmd/Reports/2013/Confronting-Commercial-Sexual-Exploitation-and-Sex-Trafficking-of-Minors-in-the-United-States.aspx http://www.nationalmentoringresourcecenter.org/ http://campbellcollaboration.org/lib/project/48/ http://www.crimesolutions.gov/about_practicereview.aspx http://www.mentoring.org/mentoringeffect

National Mentoring Resource Center website to determine how to integrate the Elements of Effective Practice for Mentoring into their program model.

Funding to continue and/or develop these mentoring sites will contribute to the list of available practices and strategies that can be evaluated and replicated, if determined to be effective.

Category 2: Enhanced Service Delivery for Boys Who Are Victims of Sex and Labor Trafficking and Commercial Sexual Exploitation

Boys who are victims of sex trafficking and sexual exploitation are often overlooked and underserved even though several studies note that roughly half of commercially sexually exploited youth are males.15 Boys impacted by sexual exploitation are often less likely to admit they have been victimized,16 17 which can also impact a service provider’s ability to identify male victims of child sex trafficking and CSE.18 19

Male victims of sex trafficking and sexual exploitation have comparable risk factors to female victims, including a history of sexual abuse, violence in the home, substance abuse, running away, and homelessness. 20 Yet, boys are rarely seen as victims of human trafficking and are often seen as willing participants or exploiters.21 While risk factors for sex trafficking and commercial exploitation may be similar to those in girls, boys often present differently to practitioners. It is crucial for service providers to acknowledge that males can be victims of sex trafficking and CSE and to offer high-quality individualized assistance to help vulnerable boys regain control of their lives and empower them to make informed decisions about the options available to them.

Mentoring can play a crucial role for boys who have experienced sexual trauma.22 Through action and recreational-based interactions, boys can connect with their mentor and learn how to express emotions and vulnerabilities, and to receive support in a safe, healthy environment.23

In response to these conclusions, this category supports direct services, including mentoring and other support services, for boys who are victims of sex and labor trafficking and CSE, as well as targeted training for professionals working with these youth.

15 Wichita State University Center for Combating Human Trafficking and MANY. 2016. Shining Light on the Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children: A Toolkit to Build Understanding. Available at https://youthcollaboratory.org/toolkit/shining-light-commercial-sexual-exploitation-children-toolkit-build-understanding.

16 Friedman, S. 2013. And boys too: An ECPAT-USA discussion paper about the lack of recognition of the commercial sexual exploitation of boys in the United States (Rep.). Brooklyn, NY: ECAPT-USA.

17 Gummow, J. 2013. Demystifying the commercial sex exploitation of boys – Our forgotten victims.

18 Jones, S.V. 2010. Invisible man: The conscious neglect of men and boys in the war on human trafficking. Utah Law Review 4:1143–1188.

19 Lillywhite, R., and Skidmore, P. 2006. Boys are not sexually exploited? A challenge to practitioners. Child Abuse Review 15:351–361.

20 Wichita State University Center for Combating Human Trafficking and MANY. 2016. Shining Light on the Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children: A Toolkit to Build Understanding. Available at https://youthcollaboratory.org/toolkit/shining-light-commercial-sexual-exploitation-children-toolkit-build-understanding.

21 Friedman, S. 2013. And boys too: An ECPAT-USA discussion paper about the lack of recognition of the commercial sexual exploitation of boys in the United States (Rep.). Brooklyn, NY: ECAPT-USA.

22 Easton, S., Leone-Sheehan, D., Sophis, E., and Willis, D. 2015. From that moment on my life changed: Turning points in the healing process for men recovering from child sexual abuse. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse 24:152–173.

23 Garraway, H., and Pistrang, N. 2010. Brother from another mother: Mentoring for African-Caribbean adolescent boys. Journal of Adolescence 33:719–729.

http://www.nationalmentoringresourcecenter.org/ https://youthcollaboratory.org/toolkit/shining-light-commercial-sexual-exploitation-children-toolkit-build-understanding https://youthcollaboratory.org/toolkit/shining-light-commercial-sexual-exploitation-children-toolkit-build-understanding

Federal laws prohibit recipients of OJP funding from discriminating in the delivery of services on the basis of age, race, color, national origin, sex, religion, or disability. The applicant may, under certain circumstances, limit services based upon sex and refer otherwise eligible beneficiaries outside of the specialized group to other services.

Category 3: Preventing Sex Trafficking of Girls and Involvement in the Juvenile Justice System.

In 2016, law enforcement made an estimated 856,103 arrests of youth younger than 18 – the fewest arrests of juveniles24 in nearly four decades. However, the relative declines have been greater for males than for females across many offenses. In 2016, law enforcement agencies made 252,520 arrests of females younger than age 18 and 603,610 arrests of males. Although males accounted for the majority (71%) of juvenile arrests overall in 2016, the female share was relatively high for certain offenses, including larceny-theft (41%), liquor law violations (40%), simple assault (37%), and disorderly conduct (36%). Females accounted for 19% of juvenile violent crime arrests and 26% of aggravated assault arrests in 2016. The number of drug abuse violation arrests declined more for juvenile males (54%) than females (27%) between 2007 and 2016. 25

Girls and young women constitute a majority of youth arrested for prostitution and commercialized vice.26 In 2016, 73 percent of the estimated 500 juveniles arrested for prostitution and commercialized vice were girls.27 Trafficked girls also become involved in the juvenile justice system for offenses other than prostitution that are committed as a direct result of their exploitation,28 such as trespass or loitering or for status offenses such as truancy and running away.29

Risk factors that make youth vulnerable to SE/DST include having a history of childhood sexual and physical abuse, witnessing domestic violence in their homes, involvement in the child welfare system,30 dual-system/crossover youth,31 poverty, runaway and homeless youth,32 youth lacking strong support networks (family, peers, community ties, etc.), school failure, and substance dependency. Notably, 73 percent of girls in the juvenile justice system had past histories of physical and sexual abuse.33

24 In this bulletin, “juvenile” refers to persons younger than age 18. In 2016, this definition was at odds with the legal definition of juveniles in nine states—seven states where all 17-year-olds are defined as adults, and two states where all 16- and 17-year-olds are defined as adults.

25 Puzzanchera, C. 2018. Juvenile Arrests, 2016. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. Available at https://www.ojjdp.gov/pubs/251861.pdf 26Puzzanchera, C. 2013. Juvenile Arrests 2011. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. (Females were 76 percent of arrests in 2011 for prostitution and commercialized vice.). Available at http://www.ojjdp.gov/pubs/244476.pdf.

27 Puzzanchera, C. 2018. Juvenile Arrests, 2016. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. Available at https://www.ojjdp.gov/pubs/251861.pdf 28 Shared Hope Intl. 2015. Justice for Juveniles: Exploring Non-Criminal Response Mechanisms for Child Sex Trafficking, p. 5.

29 Coalition for Juvenile Justice, Safety Opportunity & Success (SOS). 2013. Standards of Care for Non-Delinquent Youth, Girls, Status Offenses, and the Need for a Less Punitive and More Empowering Approach, p. 3.

30 Walker, K. 2013. Ending the Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children: A Call for Multi-System Collaboration in California. California Child Welfare Council, pp.18–20.

31 Youth involved in both the child welfare and juvenile justice systems.

32 National Alliance to End Homelessness. 2009. Homeless Youth and Sexual Exploitation: Research Findings and Practice Implications. Washington, DC: National Alliance to End Homelessness.

33 Rights4Girls. 2015. Domestic Child Sex Trafficking and the Juvenile Justice System. Available at http://rights4girls.org/wp-content/uploads/r4g/2016/08/JJ-DCST-Nov-17-final.pdf.

https://www.ojjdp.gov/pubs/251861.pdf http://www.ojjdp.gov/pubs/244476.pdf https://www.ojjdp.gov/pubs/251861.pdf http://sharedhope.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/NonCriminal-Response-Mechanisms-Field-Guidance.pdf http://sharedhope.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/NonCriminal-Response-Mechanisms-Field-Guidance.pdf http://www.juvjustice.org/sites/default/files/resource-files/SOS%20Project%20-%20Girls%2C%20Status%20Offenses%20and%20the%20Need%20for%20a%20Less%20Punitive%20and%20More%20Empowering%20Approach.pdf http://rights4girls.org/wp-content/uploads/r4g/2016/08/JJ-DCST-Nov-17-final.pdf

In response to these findings and conclusions, this category supports prevention and early intervention services, including mentoring and other support services for girls involved in the juvenile justice system, and girls vulnerable to SE/DST and who are most likely to end up in the juvenile justice system. This also includes providing targeted training for professionals (i.e., probation, law enforcement, judges, etc.) working with these youth. Applications submitted by nongovernment organizations should consider the importance of an established partnership with public juvenile justice agencies at the local or state level. This partnership will ensure close collaboration around referrals from the juvenile justice agency for those girls involved in the juvenile justice system and eligible for services provided by the proposed project. Evidence of this formal relationship must be a fully executed memorandum of understanding (or analogous document) between the agencies that addresses the objectives of this funding opportunity and the commitment of each agency to the project. Applicants for Category 3 that submit evidence of this partnership will receive priority consideration.

Goals, Objectives, and Deliverables

Category 1: Specialized Services and Mentoring for Child and Youth Victims of Sex Trafficking and Sexual Exploitation

The goal of this category is for program sites to provide mentoring and other direct support services that focus on the needs of youth who are at risk for or are victims of SE/DST.

Specific objectives include:

Develop, expand, or enhance access to comprehensive, supportive direct services for youth who are at risk for or are victims of SE/DST. These youth have service needs that extend beyond traditional mentoring, including but not limited to intensive case management, court advocacy, appropriate shelter, safety planning, mental health treatment, medical care, dental care, substance abuse treatment, acquiring identification or benefits, specialized educational services/GED, job training, employment assistance, transportation, victim advocacy, and other support services, such as accompanying the victim during his or her participation in a criminal prosecution against the offender, when appropriate. While mentoring services are at the core of the program design, applicants should develop a plan for how these additional supportive services will be provided to targeted youth in a timely and individualized manner. Beyond using program funds to support some of these services, applicants are encouraged to enhance existing community collaboratives and partnerships, where feasible, to provide these supportive services.

Develop or enhance mentor service models for youth who are at risk for or are victims of SE/DST. See the above definition of qualified mentor programs. Applicants are encouraged to visit the OJJDP National Mentoring Resource Center website to determine how to integrate the Elements of Effective Practice for Mentoring into their program model.

Implement or enhance efforts to identify youth who are at risk for or are victims of SE/DST. This may include street outreach efforts, partnerships with organizations that serve the youth community, and/or collaboration with key stakeholders in the community.

Implement or enhance baseline training for mentors and provide ongoing development https://nationalmentoringresourcecenter.org/ and support after the initial training is complete. Initial orientation trainings must include specific information about youth who are at risk for or are victims of SE/DST. However, training must provide for the continuous development and support of mentors to help them enhance their knowledge and abilities while they build relationships with their mentees, respond to their needs, and support their healing. OJJDP also funds a dedicated training and technical assistance (TTA) provider for this initiative. Program sites are expected to work closely with this provider when developing and implementing any mentor training.

Category 1 sites are expected to participate in an annual peer-to-peer learning opportunity hosted by the TTA provider. (See p. 22, Budget Information and Associated Documentation under Section D. Application and Submission Information, for details)

Category 2: Enhanced Service Delivery for Boys Who Are Victims of Sex and Labor Trafficking and Commercial Sexual Exploitation

The goal of this category is for program sites to provide direct support services (including mentoring service models) to boys who are victims of sex and labor trafficking and CSE, as well as targeted training for professionals working with these boys and young men.

Specific objectives include:

Develop and implement outreach strategies designed to increase identification of boys who are victims of sex and labor trafficking and CSE.

Develop, expand, or enhance access to comprehensive, supportive direct services (including mentoring) for boys who are victims of sex and labor trafficking and CSE.

Program models should include a plan for how services will be provided to the targeted youth in an individualized and timely manner. Examples may include access to housing that is safe and has resources to meet their unique needs; access to a wide range of trauma-informed physical and mental health services, including alternatives to traditional care such as peer-to-peer counseling; access to legal support to ensure male survivors are aware of their rights and have access to legal proceedings; and access to employment assistance that includes education, skills training, and job placement.

Beyond using program funds to support some of these services, applicants are encouraged to enhance existing community collaboratives and partnerships, where feasible, to provide these supportive services.

Applicants who propose to develop or enhance mentor service models for boys who are victims of sex and labor trafficking and CSE are encouraged to visit the OJJDP National Mentoring Resource Center website to determine how to integrate the Elements of Effective Practice for Mentoring into their program model. OJJDP also funds a dedicated TTA provider for this initiative. Program sites are expected to work closely with this provider when developing and implementing any mentor training. Sites implementing mentoring projects are also expected to participate in an annual peer-to-peer learning

Develop and provide training for program staff on male victims of CSE/DST. Discuss stereotypes and biases that exist specific to males in trafficking.

http://www.nationalmentoringresourcecenter.org/

For this category, the following guidance is offered for potential applicants:

Lobbying, promoting, or advocating the legalization/regulation of prostitution

The federal government is opposed to prostitution and related activities, which are inherently harmful and dehumanizing and contribute to the phenomenon of trafficking in persons. U.S.

nongovernmental organizations and their subgrantees cannot use U.S. government funds to lobby for, promote, or advocate the legalization or regulation of prostitution as a legitimate form of work. Foreign nongovernmental organizations and their subgrantees that receive U.S.

government funds to fight trafficking in persons cannot lobby for, promote, or advocate the legalization or regulation of prostitution as a legitimate form of work. It is the responsibility of the primary grantee to ensure these criteria are met by its subgrantees.

Category 3: Preventing Sex Trafficking of Girls and Involvement in the Juvenile Justice System

The funding in this category is for program sites to provide prevention and early intervention services (including mentoring service models) to girls involved in the juvenile justice system and girls vulnerable to SE/DST and who are most likely to end up in the juvenile justice system. The overarching goal is to guide them on a path toward success, stability, and long-term contribution to society.

Specific objectives include:

Implement prevention and early intervention programs (including mentoring) based on best practices for girls who are at risk or are victims of SE/DST and are currently in the juvenile justice system. Program models should include a plan to develop effective services and interventions for high-risk or system-involved girls, including those with a history of trauma caused by physical and sexual abuse, commercial sexual exploitation, and domestic minor sex trafficking. Improving system and programmatic responses to girls who are at risk or are victims of SE/DST requires engaging a broad array of stakeholders, including law enforcement officers, prosecutors, juvenile defenders, judges, probation officers, victim service providers, researchers, advocates, and most importantly, girls, young women, and their families.

Applicants who propose to develop or enhance mentor service models for girls who are at risk or are victims of SE/DST are encouraged to visit the OJJDP National Mentoring Resource Center website to determine how to integrate the Elements of Effective Practice for Mentoring into their program model. OJJDP also funds a dedicated TTA provider for this initiative. Program sites are expected to work closely with this provider when developing and implementing any training for mentors. Sites implementing mentoring projects are also expected to participate in an annual peer-to-peer learning

Implement screening and assessment protocols/processes to identify those girls in the juvenile justice system who are at risk or are victims of SE/DST.

Develop or enhance reentry strategies to help vulnerable girls on a path toward success, stability, and long-term contribution to society while offering them opportunities to heal.

There are several different types of reentry programs, such as therapeutic communities, mentoring, case management, cognitive-behavioral programs, and reentry courts.

Program models should be evidence-based and consider girls’ unique life experiences, and should address the effects of past trauma, fear of stigma, and need for trusting relationships with adults. Agencies that could be involved in reentry efforts include residential facility staff, juvenile probation or parole officers, mental/behavioral health service providers and other community-based treatment providers, schools, and family members and other adults who can support returning girls.

The Goals, Objectives, and Deliverables are directly related to the performance measures that demonstrate the results of the work completed, as discussed under What an Application Should Include.

Evidence-Based Programs or Practices

OJP strongly emphasizes the use of data and evidence in policymaking and program development in criminal justice, juvenile justice, and crime victim services. For additional information and resources on evidence-based programs or practices, see the OJP Grant Application Resource Guide.

Information Regarding Potential Evaluation of Programs and Activities Applicants should note that OJP may conduct or support an evaluation of the programs and activities funded under this solicitation. For additional information, see the OJP Grant Application Resource Guide section titled “Information Regarding Potential Evaluation of Programs and Activities.”

Encouraging Program Investments in Economically Distressed Communities (Qualified Opportunity Zones)

Under this program, OJP will, as appropriate, give priority consideration in award decisions to applications that propose projects that directly benefit federally designated Qualified Opportunity Zones (QOZ).34 In order to assist OJP in considering this factor, applicants should include information in the application that specifies how the project will enhance public safety in the specified QOZs. For resources on QOZs, and for a current list of designated QOZs, see the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s resource webpage at https://www.cdfifund.gov/pages/opportunity-zones.aspx.

Federal Award Information

Trafficking and Sexual Exploitation

Maximum number of awards OJJDP expects to make 4 Estimated maximum dollar amount for each award $450,000 Total amount anticipated to be awarded under solicitation $1,800,000 Period of performance start date October 1, 2019 Period of performance duration 36 months

34 See Public Law 115–97, Title I, Subtitle C, Part IX, Subpart B, Sec. 13823.

https://www.ojp.gov/funding/Apply/Resources/Grant-App-Resource-Guide.htm https://www.ojp.gov/funding/Apply/Resources/Grant-App-Resource-Guide.htm https://www.cdfifund.gov/pages/opportunity-zones.aspx

Category 2: Enhanced Service Delivery for Boys Who Are Victims of Sex and Labor Trafficking and Commercial Sexual Exploitation.

Maximum number of awards OJJDP expects to make 3 Estimated maximum dollar amount for each award Up to $450,000 Total amount anticipated to be awarded under solicitation $1,300,000 Period of performance start date October 1, 2019 Period of performance duration 36 months

Category 3: Preventing Sex Trafficking of Girls and Involvement in the Juvenile Justice System

Maximum number of awards OJJDP expects to make 4 Estimated maximum dollar amount for each award $450,000 Total amount anticipated to be awarded under solicitation $1,800,000 Period of performance start date October 1, 2019 Period of performance duration 36 months

All awards are subject to the availability of appropriated funds and to any modifications or additional requirements that may be imposed by law.

Type of Award

OJJDP expects to make any award under this solicitation in the form of a grant. See the “Administrative, National Policy, and Other Legal Requirements” section of the OJP Grant Application Resource Guide for a brief discussion of important statutes, regulations, and award conditions that apply to many (or in some cases, all) OJP grants (and cooperative agreements).

Financial Management and System of Internal Controls Award recipients and subrecipients (including recipients or subrecipients that are pass-through entities) must, as described in the Part 200 Uniform Requirements35 as set out at 2 C.F.R.

200.303, comply with standards for financial and program management. See the OJP Grant Application Resource Guide for additional information.

Budget Information

Cost Sharing or Match Requirement (cash or in-kind)

This solicitation does not require a match for Categories 1 and 3. However, if a successful application proposes a voluntary match amount, and OJP approves the budget, the total match amount incorporated into the approved budget becomes mandatory and subject to audit.

Category 2 does require a match. Federal funds awarded under this solicitation may not cover more than 75 percent of the total costs of the project. An applicant must identify the source of the 25 percent nonfederal portion of the total project costs and how it will use match funds. If a successful applicant’s proposed match exceeds the required match amount, and OJP approves the budget, the total match amount incorporated into the approved budget becomes mandatory and subject to audit. (“Match” funds may be used only for purposes that would be allowable for the federal funds.) Recipients may satisfy this match requirement with either cash or in-kind

35 The "Part 200 Uniform Requirements” means the DOJ regulation at 2 C.F.R Part 2800, which adopts (with certain modifications) the provisions of 2 C.F.R. Part 200.

https://ojp.gov/funding/Apply/Resources/Grant-App-Resource-Guide.htm https://ojp.gov/funding/Apply/Resources/Grant-App-Resource-Guide.htm services. See the DOJ Grants Financial Guide at https://ojp.gov/financialguide/DOJ/PostawardRequirements/chapter3.3b.htm for examples of “in-kind” services.

The formula for calculating the match is:

Federal Award Amount = Adjusted (Total) Project Costs Federal Share Percentage

Required Recipient’s Share Percentage x Adjusted Project Cost = Required Match

Example:…