P03 Scope of Work - 2023 IDIQ _Region 2 FINAL 12.09.2022.pdf

United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS)

Architect and Engineering Services

SCOPE OF WORK

REGION 2 – West Virginia, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Delaware

The work to be performed under this contract includes Architect and Engineering (A&E) services for various functions in a variety of fields for a wide range of projects, performed through the full range of programs within the USDA-Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) in the states of West Virginia, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Delaware; defined as Region 2.

The primary services to be performed under this contract include:

1. Dam Assessments

2. Watershed Rehabilitation Planning

3. Watershed Planning

4. Engineering Design

Additional services to be performed under this contract include:

5. Preliminary Investigation Findings Report

6. Watershed Plan Review

7. Engineering Design Review

8. Technical Document Development

9. Construction Management-Quality Assurance Service

10. Miscellaneous Professional A&E Design and Related Services

A. SCOPE OF SERVICES

1. Dam Assessments:

Dam assessments are used to work with the project sponsors to identify high priority watershed rehabilitation projects, to provide data regarding the condition of the dam, risks to the public should a dam fail, and estimated rehabilitation alternatives and costs. Assessments will be conducted on dams within the geographic region of the contract. Work will include:

a. Obtaining and reviewing existing data

b. Site visit to evaluate the condition of the existing dam and appurtenances.

c. Description of the operation and maintenance (O&M) status of the structure. The O&M status will be based on the NRCS O&M evaluation criteria listed in the National O&M Manual, found at https://directives.sc.egov.usda.gov/ under Title 180.

d. Limited breach analysis and limited breach inundation maps to assist in the determination of the hazard potential classification, per task order specifications for estimates as necessary.

e. Calculate the failure index, risk index, and population at risk, which will be refined as a result of more detailed studies during the development of the dam rehabilitation plan.

f. Determination of potential conceptual rehabilitation alternatives including cost estimates and possible site-specific restraints for each alternative.

g. Possible task order option to include dam watershed map drawing based on available Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) survey data.

https://directives.sc.egov.usda.gov/

h. Complete the Evaluation of Potential Rehabilitation Projects Spreadsheet from the

National Watershed Program Manual (NWPM), Exhibit 506.40. (See Title 390 – Project Development and Maintenance, NWPM Part 506 Exhibits).

https://directives.sc.egov.usda.gov/

i. The final dam assessment report for each dam must be stamped and signed by a licensed professional engineer registered in the state where the dam is located.

All material associated with an assessment will be provided in electronic and/or hard copy format per the individual task order. Electronic submissions must be compatible with Microsoft Office Suite programs, Adobe Acrobat or current NRCS license version of Autodesk. Electronic copies, original hard copies and copies for distribution must be furnished to NRCS. All material used to document the design will be treated as Personally Identifiable Information and will become the property of the NRCS.

The work may involve but is not limited to the following disciplines: Project Administrator, Civil Engineer, Geotechnical Engineer, Hydraulic Engineer, Hydrologist, Natural Resources Specialist, Biologist, Cultural Resources Specialist, Archaeologist, Soil Scientist, Structural Engineer, Environmental Engineer, Economist, Geologist.

2. Watershed Rehabilitation Planning:

Watershed rehabilitation plans must follow the format shown in the NWPM, Part 501 – Development of Watershed Project Plans, Subpart D – Watershed Project Plan Content and Format. Watershed Rehabilitation plans are supplemental plans to existing watershed plans.

Policy for the development of rehabilitation plans is in Section 505.35 of the NWPM. The policy for supplemental watershed plans is in Section 503.2 of the NWPM. A Supplemental Watershed Project Plan must contain the same content as required by NWPM, Part 501 Subpart D.

However, the supplemental plan can summarize or incorporate by reference the general discussions (such as descriptions of the affected environment that have not changed since the original plan) and focus solely on the issues specific to the action at hand. Supplemental Watershed Project Plans dealing with rehabilitation must contain or be accompanied by a new Environmental Assessment (EA), or a new Environmental Impact Statement (EIS), unless the proposed action falls into a class of actions that has been categorically excluded in accordance with NEPA requirements in Title 190, General Manual (GM), Part 410.6. When a categorical exclusion(s) applies to the proposed action, the plan will include the Environmental Evaluation (EE)/NRCS-CPA-52). Please note, the CPA-52 can only be signed by an NRCS certified conservation planner. The environmental document, whether an EE, EA, or EIS, is based on the proposed action and its effects and not on the type of environmental document used for the original plan.

Projects that involve water resource plans will typically be completed within the following timeframes depending on the extent of the environmental analysis:

(1) Plans with Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) – 18 - 24 months

(2) Plans with Environmental Assessment (EA) – 9 - 12 months

(3) Plans classified as Categorically Excluded actions – 6 - 9 months

Works of improvement includes the rehabilitation of an existing NRCS project dam (including decommissioning) and measures associated with the rehabilitation of the dam which may include, but are not limited to, levees, dikes, floodways, floodwater diversions, flood proofing or relocating floodplain properties, measures to increase or conserve water supplies and improve water quality, sediment control and land stabilization measures, water control structures, flumes, canals, water supply reservoirs, pumping plants, wetlands.

Planning activities will include coordination with local project sponsors and NRCS, assisting with public participation activities, including public participation plans, public meetings, and other public and interagency reviews, addressing review comments, and assisting NRCS with any needed interagency consultation and mitigation. The firm is expected to present the preferred alternative with the NRCS at the public meetings and interagency consultation.

Planning documents must be in accordance with current NRCS policy as stated in the following policy and guidance documents: NWPM; General Manual (GM); National Engineering Manual (NEM); National Engineering Handbook (NEH); Principles, Requirements, and Guidelines (PR&G) and associated agency specific procedures; National Watershed Program Handbook (NWPH), National Handbook of Conservation Practices (NHCP), National Environmental Compliance Handbook (NECH); National Cultural Resources Procedures Handbook (NCRPH);

National Resource Economics Handbook (NREH), and NRCS provided circulars per Title 120- National Directives Management Manual, Subpart C, 503.20 E. Circulars. See Circular 390-21-1 for Principles Requirements, & Guidelines (PR&G), Real Property Rights, Preliminary Investigation Findings Reports (PIFR).

Planning documents must use NRCS recognized and approved computer models for economic, hydrologic, hydraulic, and environmental evaluation, and technical references found in the Technical Releases (TRs) and Technical Notes (TNs).

Additional references and guidelines pertinent to the project may include resources from the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), American Concrete Institute (ACI), American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), International Code Council (ICC), American Water Works Association (AWWA), United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), United States Bureau of Reclamation (USBR), American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE), or other government or industry sources. Other professional standards considered current standard professional, or industry practice materials can be used with NRCS concurrence. NRCS policy and technical documents can be found at https://directives.sc.egov.usda.gov/.

Water resource plans must include allocations of installation costs to the various NRCS National Watershed Program purposes and show the basis of such allocations. PR&G procedures will be used to identify alternative project monetary and non-monetary benefits and costs. An analysis will be prepared to show the tradeoffs between monetary and non-monetary effects of the reasonable alternatives with an ecosystem services framework.

The work may involve but is not limited to the following disciplines: Project Administrator, Civil Engineer, Geotechnical Engineer, Hydraulic Engineer, Hydrologist, Natural Resources Specialist,

3. Watershed Planning:

Watershed project plans and possibly supplemental updates to existing plans are for new projects.

The plan must follow the format shown in the NWPM, Part 501 – Development of Watershed Project Plans, Subpart D – Watershed Project Plan Content and Format. A NRCS Watershed Plan is a combined document (either Watershed Plan-Environmental Evaluation (EE), Watershed Plan-Environmental Assessment (EA), or Watershed Plan-Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)) which if prepared properly, includes all the requirements of Public Law (PL) 83-566, the

National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), the Principles, Regulations and Guidelines (PR&G), and other environmental (including cultural resources and Endangered Species Act compliance) and policy in one document, rather than repeating the overlapping required information in two or three separate documents. Once the plan is developed, it is truly a combined document. There are no separate “plan” sections versus “NEPA” or “PR&G” sections.

The work may involve but is not limited to the following disciplines: Project Administrator, Civil Engineer, Geotechnical Engineer, Hydraulic Engineer, Hydrologist, Natural Resources Specialist, Environmental Engineer, Economist, Geologist, Professional Land Surveyor.

4. Engineering Design:

Engineering designs must be stamped and signed by a Licensed Professional Engineer registered in the state where the project in located. Investigation work must be completed by individuals qualified in accordance with the appropriate NRCS standard or document. Engineering design tasks may include, but are not limited to: design surveys; engineering investigations (i.e.

geotechnical, hydrologic, hydraulic); preparation of design folders and reports; preparation of construction plans to scale, construction specifications, material specifications; preparation of cost estimates; preparation of bid schedules, preparation of construction performance times;

preparation of quality assurance plans; preparation of operations and maintenance plans;

engineering support during construction for a variety of project types, design and implementation of energy practices.

Engineering designs must be in accordance with the NRCS policy as stated in the GM, NEM, NHCP, and technical references found in the TRs, TNs and the NEH. Additional references and guidelines pertinent to the design may include resources from ASTM, ACI, ASCE, ICC, AWWA, USACE, USBR, ASABE, or other government or industry sources referenced with individual task orders. Other professional standards and specifications can be used with NRCS concurrence.

NRCS policy and technical documents can be found at: https://directives.sc.egov.usda.gov/

Projects will be located within the geographic area of the contract. The typical project could require knowledge and experience in all aspects of engineering design for the various types of projects including deep and shallow foundations (bearing capacity, settlement, etc.); earthwork;

earthen embankments; reinforced concrete structures; automated and manual water control gates;

riprap or gabion placement; timber structures; steel structures; structural fabrication; pipe conduits (concrete, steel or metal, or plastic); timber, steel and concrete piling; sheet piling;

channel bank stabilization measures; ditch blocks; grade stabilization structures; earthen divisions; grassed waterways; lined waterways; new floodwater retarding structures; grade stabilization; multi-purpose dams; and rehabilitation of flood control and water retention dams and other watershed structures. Additional types of projects include engineering design and/or rehabilitation of other soil and water resource related structures, agricultural waste systems (confined and unconfined), conservation systems and pollution control and prevention plans (ex.

Spill Prevention, Control and Countermeasures (SPCC) plan development. This is not an all-inclusive list of associated activities that could be required to be performed but a representative sample of the variety of projects that could be performed.

The engineering design may consist of part or all of the following phases:

Phase 1 - Plan of Work Review the project documents and make necessary field visits in order to prepare a detailed plan of work to describe the scope and intensity of investigations necessary to accomplish the assigned work. The firm must review all available existing technical documents/reports and findings from any previous work that may have been completed and incorporate them into the plan as appropriate. The plan must identify the objectives of the proposed work, identify the tasks necessary to accomplish the work, determine which existing data can be utilized, determine what additional data will need to be obtained, set a schedule for completing each task, and determine the cost of accomplishing each task. Previously completed investigations and/or data will be identified in each task order.

Phase 2 - Supporting Documentation Develop the necessary data to design the identified project as follows: perform field surveys (i.e., topographic, bathymetric, planimetric, magnetometer, and horizontal and vertical control surveys), mapping; geologic investigations; seismic loadings; obtaining field soil samples;

performing field and laboratory testing; preparing geology and soil mechanic reports; identifying borrow sources if necessary; and collecting basic hydrologic data and parameters. Investigation and evaluation of existing features will be performed as necessary.

Phase 3 - Preliminary Design Develop preliminary design of project in accordance with NRCS policy as stated in the GM, NEM, NHCP, and technical references found in the TRs, TNs and NEH. Structural design may include embankments, concrete, roller compacted concrete, rock riprap, timber, and other components of planned measures. Support the preliminary design by test data, calculations, hydrology, geologic, geotechnical, structural, hydraulic, and dimensional calculations, and to scale design drawings.

Phase 4 - Final Design Prepare final design, design report, detailed construction drawings, specifications for construction and materials, material quantities, bid schedule, cost estimates, construction schedule, inspection plan and first filing plan, if applicable. The design report must document all pertinent engineering analyses performed and must include all calculations, assumptions and decisions made during the design process. Prepare a quality assurance plan for construction. Prepare an O&M plan. Final construction drawings to scale must be prepared in accordance with NRCS CAD standards per the NEM, Part 541- Drafting and Drawings, and using the currently approved version of CAD available to NRCS. https://directives.sc.egov.usda.gov/

Phase 5 - Construction Period Services Provide services such as reviewing design, drawings and/or specifications and making changes if necessary, providing interpretations of drawings and specifications, reviewing shop drawings, answering Requests for Information (RFI), participating in site visits, and providing consultation services as requested by the contracting officer. Transfer of as-built drawings to AutoCAD or similar electronic format may be required.

All material associated with the design services, including construction period services will be provided in electronic and/or hard copy format per the individual task order. Electronic submissions must be compatible with Microsoft Office Suite programs, Adobe Acrobat or current NRCS license version of Autodesk. Electronic copies, original hard copies and copies for distribution are to be furnished to NRCS. All material used to document design will become the property of the NRCS.

The work may involve but is not limited to the following disciplines: Project Administrator, Survey Technician, CAD Technician, Civil Engineer, Geotechnical Engineer, Agricultural Engineer, Mechanical Engineer, Electrical Engineer, Hydraulic Engineer, Hydrologist, Structural Engineer, Environmental Engineer, Economist, Geologist.

5. Preliminary Investigation and Findings Report (PIFR):

PIFR is a brief study, using existing data and field information. The purpose of the PIFR is to provide reasonable assurance that a feasible watershed project plan can be developed that addresses a Public Law 83-566 purpose and that there are no apparent insurmountable obstacles.

The PIFR is used by the NRCS State Conservationist to make the determination if a potential project should be advanced for planning funding. This report may be completed fully or only up to the point that an issue is revealed that may make the project not feasible to implement.

The PIFR must follow the NWPM and the NWPH.

Below is an outline of a PIFR;

(1) Request for assistance

(2) Purpose and need for action

(3) Applicable agency authority

(4) Resource information

(i) Existing data

(ii) Gathered data

(5) Preliminary results of the environmental evaluation

(i) Identified resource concerns

(ii) Potential alternatives

(iii) Estimated costs

(iv) Potential effects

(v) Required consultations and permits

(vi) National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) documentation required

(6) Scope of planning effort

(7) Cooperating agencies identified

(8) Facilitating factors

(9) Obstructing factors

(10) Timing and availability of resources

(11) Viability evaluation of sponsors

The work may involve but is not limited to the following disciplines: Project Administrator, Civil Engineer, Geotechnical Engineer, Hydraulic Engineer, Hydrologist, Natural Resources Specialist,

6. Watershed Plan Review:

Watershed and Supplement Watershed plans must be reviewed by a licensed professional engineer registered in the state where the project is located. The review must verify the plan follows the NWPM, Part 501 – Development of Watershed Project Plans, Subpart D – Watershed Project Plan Content and Format.

Work may include but is not limited to independent plan reviews for major water resource projects.

The Contractor will be required to submit a final plan review report (100%) for all projects tasked. Plan review meetings are not anticipated. Teleconferences, particularly after the plan review report is submitted, are anticipated. Plan reviews are expected to be completed in 4 to 8 weeks, dependent on the complexity of the plan.

All material associated with the plan review services will be provided in electronic format.

Electronic submissions must be compatible with Microsoft Office Suite programs, Adobe Acrobat or current NRCS license version of Autodesk. All material used to document the plan review will become the property of the NRCS.

The work may involve but is not limited to the following disciplines: Project Administrator, Civil Engineer, Geotechnical Engineer, Hydraulic Engineer, Hydrologist, Natural Resources Specialist,

7. Engineering Design Review:

Engineering designs must be reviewed by a licensed professional engineer registered in the state where the project is located. Work may include but is not limited to independent design reviews for major water resource projects with components such as earthen embankments, roller compacted concrete structures, soil cement structures, earthwork, reinforced concrete structures, automated and manual water control gates, reinforced concrete pipe conduits, plastic and corrugated metal pipe, ag waste systems including the development of the comprehensive nutrient management plan, rock riprap, timber structures, steel structures and structural fabrication, steel, composite and concrete piling, flood plain restoration and channel bank stabilization measures.

Floodplain restoration measures are those required to restore floodplain hydrologic and habitat functions such as dikes, canals, soil and water control structures, existing structure removal and planting plans. Designs to be reviewed are typically prepared by NRCS staff, and/or consulting engineering staffs.

Design reviews must be in accordance with NRCS policy as stated in the GM, NEM, NEH, NHCP, and technical references found in the TRs, and TNs. Additional references and guidelines pertinent to the design may include resources from ASTM, ACI, ASCE, ICC, AWWA, USACE, USBR, ASABE, or other government or industry sources. Other professional standards can be used with NRCS concurrence.

The Contractor will be required to submit a final design review report (100%) for all projects.

Design review meetings are not anticipated. Teleconferences, particularly after the design review report is submitted, are anticipated. Design reviews are expected to be completed in 4 to 8 weeks, dependent on the complexity of the design.

All material associated with the design review services will be provided in electronic and/or hard copy per the individual task order. Electronic submissions must be compatible with Microsoft Office Suite programs, Adobe Acrobat or current NRCS license version of Autodesk. Electronic copies, original hard copies and copies for distribution are to be furnished to NRCS. All material used to document the design review will become the property of the NRCS.

The work may involve but is not limited to the following disciplines: Project Administrator, Survey Technician, CAD Technician, Civil Engineer, Geotechnical Engineer, Agricultural

Engineer, Environmental Engineer, Economist, Geologist

8. Technical Document Development:

Technical material must be developed by the appropriate professional engineer discipline. This material will be developed to meet the current state of practice in the engineering profession. The material to be developed may involve civil, agricultural, environmental, hydraulic, soil mechanics, seismic, and water management engineering. Geology and landscape architectural technical material may also be requested to be developed to meet the state of practice for those disciplines.

All notes, sketches, scaled drawings, computations, drafts, and other data used in the technical material development must be complete, legible, and organized in a manner that will allow reproduction of copies. The Contractor must record and provide any computer software identification, vendor’s name, and other pertinent data used in performing the work.

The consultant may be tasked to prepare and/or present training on new or updated technical material. The training may be either in a classroom setting or virtually.

All material associated with the technical material development will be provided in electronic and/or hard copy format per the individual task order. Electronic submissions must be compatible with Microsoft Office Suite programs, Adobe Acrobat or current NRCS license version of Autodesk. Electronic copies, original hard copies and copies for distribution are to be furnished to NRCS. All material used to document construction will become the property of the

NRCS.

The work may involve but is not limited to the following disciplines: Project Administrator, CAD Technician, Civil Engineer, Administrative/Clerical, Geotechnical Engineer, Agricultural

Engineer, Environmental Engineer, Economist, Geologist

9. Construction Management Services – Quality Assurance Services:

The firm must be fully knowledgeable about the project design and contract to perform construction management and quality assurance services for various types of projects. The firm must be able to perform any or all operations necessary to provide construction quality assurance (construction inspection) for various types of projects (land and marine based).

The firm must use and follow the NRCS NEH, Part 645- Construction Inspection, available at: https://directives.sc.egov.usda.gov/

Quality assurance activities required may consist of, but are not limited to any part, one or all of the following activities: construction layout (survey), quantity computations, field testing and sampling of construction materials, record drawings, documentation of daily activities (job diaries) and maintenance of as-built drawings and specifications, onsite inspections, providing interpretation of drawings and specifications, responding to RFIs, monitoring of pollution control compliance activities, cost estimating, scheduling, payroll, safety compliance checks or construction activities, claims management, and the development of accurate and complete quality assurance reports.

The typical project could require knowledge and experience in all aspects of quality assurance activities associated with the design and construction of deep and shallow foundations (bearing capacity, settlement, etc.), earthwork, earthen embankments, reinforced concrete structures, roller compacted concrete, automated and manual water control gates, rock riprap or gabion placement, timber structures, steel structures, structural fabrication, pipe conduits (concrete, steel or metal, or plastic), timber, steel and concrete piling, sheet piling, channel bank stabilization measures, ditch blocks, grade stabilization structures, earthen divisions, grassed waterways, lined waterways, rehabilitation of flood control and water retention dams and other watershed structures located throughout the United States. This is not an all-inclusive list of associated activities that could be required to be performed but a representative sample of the variety of projects that could be performed.

In the event of a construction contract claim, the firm will be expected to provide all documentation necessary to litigate or arbitrate the claim.

All material associated with the construction management/quality assurance services will be provided in electronic and/or hard copy format per the individual task order. Electronic submissions must be compatible with Microsoft Office Suite programs, Adobe Acrobat or AutoCAD Civil 3D (Current NRCS License Server Version). Electronic copies, original hard copies and copies for distribution are to be furnished to NRCS. All material used to document construction will become the property of the NRCS.

The work may involve but is not limited to the following disciplines: Project Administrator, Project Manager/Project Engineer, Construction Inspector, Structural Engineer, Civil Engineer, Geotechnical Engineer, Hydraulic Engineer, Environmental Engineer, Geologist, Survey Technician, CAD Technician, Biologist.

10. Miscellaneous Professional A&E Design and Related Services:

As defined in Part 36 of the Federal Acquisition Regulations (FAR), will be defined at the task order level.

The work may involve but is not limited to the following disciplines: Project Administrator, Survey Technician, CAD Technician, Civil Engineer, Geotechnical Engineer, Agricultural Engineer, Mechanical Engineer, Electrical Engineer, Hydraulic Engineer, Hydrologist, Structural Engineer, Environmental Engineer, Economist, Geologist, Natural Resources Specialist, Biologist, Cultural Resources Specialist, Archaeologist, Soil Scientist

B. DEFINITIONS

1. Project Administrator (PA): The A/E’s representation has the responsibility and authority for overall management of this contract, including coordination of all project task orders and allocation of the A&E’s resources for the task orders, and is the primary point of contact (POC) for NRCS’ Contracting Officer (CO) and Contracting Officer’s Representative (COR)

2. Project Manager/Project Engineer: The A/E’s personnel, with management and supervisory responsibilities that have authority for individual project task orders.

3. Construction Manager: is the overall planning, coordination, and control of a project from beginning to completion. The goal of Construction Management is aimed at meeting a USDA NRCS requirement in order to produce a functionally and financially viable project.

4. Contracting Officer (CO): An employee of NRCS, designated as CO for a project, or their duly appointed successor, with the authority to enter into, administer, modify and/or terminate contracts, make related determinations and findings, and with authority to obligate funds on behalf of the Government. The CO may designate authorized representatives (COR) to act for him or her, in which case, he or she will notify, in writing, the affected parties specifying the limits of the authority and delegated responsibilities.

5. Contracting Officer’s Representative (COR): An employee of NRCS, designated by NRCS’

Contracting Officer (CO), to be his or her authorized representative for a specific contract or project.

6. Construction Inspector: The Construction Inspector (CI) is the primary Quality Assurance person on the job site. The CI is responsible for:

(1) Understanding safety issues and taking appropriate action to prevent unsafe conditions during the performance of the work.

(2) Understanding the specifications, drawings, and contract terms and conditions.

(3) Observing and documenting work performed.

(4) Examining the quality control and testing to determine if the work is in compliance with contract or program requirements.

(5) Effectively communicating with the owner, construction contractor, COR, and others on construction issues.

7. Civil Engineer (Civil): is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including works like roads, bridges, canals, dams, and buildings.

8. Structural Engineer (Structural): are trained to understand and calculate the stability, strength, and rigidity of built structures for buildings and non-building structures, to develop designs and integrate their design with that of other designers, and to supervise construction of projects on site. For purposes of this contract, they may also be used to provide consulting related to NRCS Buildings and structures for improvements and local building code standards.

9. Agricultural Engineer (Agricultural): may perform tasks such as planning, supervising, and managing the building of dairy effluent schemes, irrigation, drainage, flood, and water control systems, performing environmental impact assessments, agricultural product processing and interpret research results and implement relevant practices. A large percentage of agricultural engineers work in academia or for government agencies such as the United States Department of Agriculture or state agricultural extension services. Some are consultants, employed by private engineering firms, while others work in industry, for manufacturers of agricultural machinery, equipment, processing technology, and structures for housing livestock and storing crops.

Agricultural engineers work in production, sales, management, research and development, or applied science.

10. Hydraulic Engineer (Hydraulic): as a sub-discipline of civil engineering is concerned with the flow and conveyance of fluids, principally water and sewage. One feature of these systems is the extensive use of gravity as the motive force to cause the movement of the fluids. This area of civil engineering is intimately related to the design of bridges, dams, channels, canals, and levees, and to both sanitary and environmental engineering.

11. Hydrology (Hydrologist): is the scientific study of the movement, distribution, and quality of water, including the hydrologic cycle, water resources and environmental watershed sustainability.

12. Environmental Engineer (Environmental): is the branch of engineering concerned with the application of scientific and engineering principles for:

(1) protection of human populations from the effects of adverse environmental factors.

(2) protection of environments, both local and global, from the potentially deleterious effects of natural and human activities.

(3) improvement of environmental quality.

13. Geotechnical Engineer (Geotechnical): is the branch of civil engineering concerned with the engineering behavior of earth materials. Geotechnical engineering is important in civil engineering, but also has applications in military, mining, petroleum, and other engineering disciplines that are concerned with construction occurring on the surface or within the ground.

Geotechnical engineering uses principles of soil mechanics and rock mechanics to investigate subsurface conditions and materials; determine the relevant physical/mechanical and chemical properties of these materials; evaluate stability of natural slopes and man- made soil deposits;

assess risks posed by site conditions; design earthworks and structure foundations; and monitor site conditions, earthwork, and foundation construction.

14. Geologist: is an earth science comprising the study of solid Earth, the rocks of which it is composed, and the processes by which they change.

15. Landscape Architect: is a person who is educated in the field of landscape architecture. The practice of landscape architecture includes site analysis, site inventory, land planning, planting design, grading, storm water management, sustainable design, and construction specification and ensuring that all plans meet the current building codes and local and federal ordinances.

16. Mechanical Engineer: Mechanical engineers design power-producing machines, such as electric generators, internal combustion engines, and steam and gas turbines, as well as power-using machines, such as refrigeration and air-conditioning systems. They also design material-handling systems, such as conveyor systems and automated transfer stations.

17. Electrical Engineer: An electrical engineer designs, develops, tests, and manages the manufacturing of electrical equipment and systems, such as electric motors, smartphones, and power generation equipment.

18. Economist: Economists collect and analyze data, research trends, and evaluate economic issues for resources, goods, and services.

19. Biologist: Biologists study the origin, history, characteristics and habits of living organisms.

20. Archaeologist: Archaeologists study human history and prehistory through the excavation of sites and the analysis of artifacts and other physical remains.

21. Soil Scientist: A soil scientist is a person who is qualified to evaluate and interpret soils and soil-related data for the purpose of understanding soil resources as they contribute to not only agricultural production, but as they affect environmental quality and as they are managed for protection of human health and the environment. The university degree should be in Soil Science, or closely related field (i.e., natural resources, environmental science, earth science, etc.)

and include sufficient soils-related course work so the Soil Scientist has a measurable level of understanding of the soil environment, including soil morphology and soil forming factors, soil chemistry, soil physics, and soil biology, and the dynamic interaction of these areas.

22. Survey Technician: A surveying technician goes to job site locations to record survey measurements and collects additional information required with a team of survey professionals.

They operate surveying instruments such as electronic distance-measuring equipment or GIS technology devices.

23. CAD Technician: Computer-Aided Design (CAD) technicians create electronic design plans for projects using computer software. CAD technicians work together with engineers to produce 2D and 3D technical drawings.

24. Civil Engineering Technician: Civil engineering technicians help civil engineers to plan, design, and build conservation projects.

25. GIS Specialist: A Geographic Information Systems (GIS) specialist is a highly trained professional who uses computer software and specialized equipment to create, analyze and maintain geographic maps, graphs, and related data. He/she uses a Geographic Information System - a computer-based software - to create maps that clearly show political borders, rivers, environmental resources, and transportation networks.

26. Professional Land Surveyor: Also called a “Licensed Land Surveyor”, the Professional

Surveyor is an accredited professional who conducts land surveys to measure and define real property and its boundaries.