Solicitation_NIHLM2017910-UHP_Exhibition_Design_Creative_Services_-_Attachment__A_Special_Display_Script_06_23_2015_Confronting_Violence.pdf

Exhibition Program

Confronting Violence, Improving Women’s Lives (Special Display Exhibition Script)

June 23, 2015 number type text asset

Banner 1

Title Confronting Violence, Improving Women’s Lives intro

Updated text

Activists and reformers in the United States have long recognized the harm of domestic violence and sought to improve the lives of women who were battered.

During the late 20th century, nurses took up the call. With passion and persistence they worked to reform a medical profession that overwhelmingly failed to acknowledge violence against women as a serious health issue. Beginning in the late 1970s, nurses were in the vanguard as they pushed the larger medical community to identify victims, adequately respond to their needs, and work towards the prevention of domestic violence. This is their story.

(100)

Dates of show September 17 2015 to August 19 2016

Logo/credits

The National Library of Medicine produced this exhibition

Guest curator: Catherine Jacquet, PhD

Designer: The Design Minds

Banner 2

Section/banner title Generations of Reformers text

Temperance and women’s rights advocates called attention to family violence and agitated for reform during the mid-19th century. Despite their efforts, society as a whole continued to ignore domestic violence.

The most dramatic changes came over a century later. In the mid-1970s, grassroots feminist activists and survivors of domestic violence organized the battered women’s movement. Using the slogan “we will not be beaten,” they exposed the prevalence of violence in women’s lives, provided shelter and support, and advocated for widespread changes.

Feminist agitation spawned significant reform in law, social services, and, eventually, medicine.

(93 words) graphic Women rally in City Hall Plaza, in Boston to speak out against violence against women, August 26, 1976

©Ellen Shub 2015 all other rights reserved

Activists in the feminist battered women’s movement and their supporters held rallies like this one throughout the 1970s to call attention to the epidemic of violence against women and demand change. OB 11124 graphic Florynce Kennedy, a feminist, lawyer, and civil rights advocate speaks at a rally in support of women who were battered in City

Hall Plaza, in Boston, August 26, 1976

©Ellen Shub 2015 all other rights reserved

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Case 1 (long case)

These three assets will be grouped together.

11020, 11321, 11058

Graphic Illustration from Temperance Tales; or, Six Nights with the

Washingtonians, Timothy Shay Arthur, 1848

Courtesy Clifton Waller Barrett Library of American Literature, Special

Collections, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia

The temperance movement was the first national reform movement to expose the harm of domestic violence. Temperance activists argued that among the many evil consequences of alcohol consumption was the threat of violent, drunk husbands.

OB 11020

Object First Convention Ever Called to Discuss the Civil and Political Rights of Women, 1848

Courtesy Library of Congress

The first organized campaign for women’s rights in the United States began at the Seneca Falls Convention of 1848. In the coming decades, reformers addressed married women’s property rights, divorce laws, and violence against wives.

(35 words)

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In case graphic Elizabeth Cady Stanton (seated), and Susan B. Anthony were key figures in the first organized women’s rights movement, 1880

Courtesy Library of Congress

Based on their experiences with women victims of male family violence, Stanton and Anthony sought the reform of divorce laws as part of the movement for women’s rights.

(29 words)

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Graphic

Start here

The waiting room of the Legal Aid Society, ca. 1910

Courtesy Chicago History Museum

Chicago’s Legal Aid Society joined with the Protective Agency for

Women and Children in 1905. The Protective Agency was the only organization in the United States created specifically to prevent cruelty to wives.

(33 words)

OB 11049

Object Violence at Home, Mary Lystad, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 1974

Courtesy National Library of Medicine

While child abuse became a priority social issue during the 1960s, violence against wives remained vastly understudied. This bibliography included 55 entries on child abuse and only five entries for violence between husbands and wives.

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Object

Caption label for object includes this image of the author

Gang caption with OB

11348

Working on Wife Abuse, a directory of services for survivors of domestic violence, compiled by Betsy Warrior, 1978

Betsy Warrior, radical women’s liberation movement activist and herself a survivor of domestic violence, worked in support of women who were battered. Working on Wife Abuse provided information and resources to activists, service-providers, and survivors of violence, and served to connect those working in shelters nationwide.

(39 words)

OB11322

Betsy Warrior, ca. 1970s

Courtesy Betsy Warrior

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Confronting Woman Abuse: A Midwest Working Conference, Women's Services Loop Center YWCA, Chicago, IL, 1979

Many social service agencies took up the cause of supporting victims of domestic violence. Participants at a Chicago YWCA conference addressed current analyses of violence in the home, its persistence, and its prevention.

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Object Wife Beating: Counselor Training Manual #2, Barbara Cooper, 1976

Mental health professionals began taking an empathetic view towards women who were battered. This manual addressed effective crisis intervention and provided information for counselors about the psychology of victims of domestic violence.

(32 words)

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Make caption label for object that includes this image of the author

Battered Wives was the first book on domestic violence published in the United States, Del Martin, 1976

In her landmark publication, Battered Wives, feminist activist Del

Martin provided an unprecedented analysis of violence against women. She exposed the pervasiveness of spouse abuse, argued that violence against women was rooted in sexism, and offered an empathetic understanding of victims.

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Label caption

Del Martin, ca. 1970s

Courtesy of the Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender Historical Society

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Ms. magazine became the first national news publication to address the issue of spouse abuse in a cover story, 1976

Reprinted by permission of Ms. magazine, ©1976

In her cover story on wife abuse, author Judith Gingold exposed the pervasiveness and acceptance of “wife beating.” She addressed the barriers faced by women who were battered, including social hostility and the lack of effective legal recourse.

(38 words)

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Banner 3

Title Nurses Take A Stand

Text Nurses were among the first to identify women who were battered as a population with specific health needs that were largely neglected by the medical community.

Through both their research and practice, nurses saw firsthand the epidemic of violence in women’s lives. In response, they prioritized improvements in the medical attention and treatment for women who were battered.

Whether in nursing school or working in emergency rooms, nurses were in a unique position to recognize and address domestic violence as a pressing health crisis for millions of women.

(88 words)

Case 2

Case label Jacquelyn Campbell: Putting Research Into Practice

Through her research, nursing student Jacquelyn Campbell became one of the first to recognize the critical role medical providers had in ensuring the health and safety of women who were battered. She dedicated her career to reforming medical practice and improving the lives of women who were battered.

(48 words) object

“The Role of Misogyny in Patterns of Homicide: A Historical Survey

Examining the Killing of Women by Men in a Midwestern City

(Approximate Population of 200,000), 1975–1979,” Jacquelyn

Campbell, 1980

While researching her master’s thesis, Campbell found that over 70 percent of women who were killed by current or former partners had a history of domestic abuse. These women had sought medical services prior to their deaths, yet none had been identified by medical professionals as abuse victims.

(47 words)

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Danger Assessment, Jacquelyn Campbell, 1985, 1988

Courtesy Jacquelyn Campbell

Nurse reformer Jacquelyn Campbell created the Danger

Assessment Screen to help women who were battered determine their risk of death at the hands of an abusive partner. The Danger

Assessment Screen has been used for over 25 years and has saved thousands of lives.

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Jacquelyn Campbell, ca. 1980s

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Image needs color adjustment object Wright State University, where Jacquelyn Campbell earned her master’s degree, recognized her as an outstanding alumnus for her work in addressing the health care needs of women who were battered, 1993

Courtesy Wright State University – Miami Valley College of Nursing and Health

As a pioneer nurse reformer, Jacquelyn Campbell researched and published extensively on the role of nurses in treating women who were battered. Her work has made a critical impact in the medical and nursing professions, as well as in the lives of survivors of violence.

OB 11362

object Nursing Care of Victims of Family Violence, the first nursing textbook on family violence, Jacquelyn Campbell, Janice

Humphreys, 1984

Campbell and Humphreys created and taught one of the first nursing courses on family violence in the country at the Wayne State University

College of Nursing. Their textbook was a call to action for nurses to identify, treat, and advocate for survivors of family violence.

(45 words)

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show cover

Case 3

Case label

Dan Sheridan: Connecting Medicine and Violence

While volunteering at a battered women’s shelter in Chicago in the early

1980s, nursing student Dan Sheridan saw firsthand the injuries of the women who sought services there. With this newfound awareness, Sheridan began to redefine the role medicine should play in treating women who were battered. This awareness framed how Sheridan pursued his nursing education and career.

(58 words) object Guidelines for the Treatment of Battered Women Victims in

Emergency Room Settings, Dan Sheridan, 1985

Sheridan’s earlier work on developing guidelines for treating women who were battered was later approved by the Chicago Hospital Council and published by the Chicago Metropolitan Battered Women’s Network.

OB 11328

show cover object “Battered Women: Developing a Policy and Procedure for

Emergency Room Treatment,” Dan Sheridan, 1982

While pursuing his bachelor’s in nursing, Sheridan wrote the first policy and procedure on domestic violence for the emergency room at Rush

Presbyterian St. Luke’s Medical Center in Chicago.

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show title page object Take-away referral and resource cards for patients experiencing domestic violence, Rush Coalition Against Spouse Abuse, ca. 1980s

Sheridan founded the Rush Coalition Against Spouse Abuse. The organization produced small referral cards to provide information to patients who were victims of violence. These small cards could be easily hidden from abusers.

OB 11329

A group photograph of nursing researchers and activists at Denison

Memorial Library, University of Colorado, Denver, ca. 1990s

From left to right: Yvonne Ulrich, Laura McKenna, Barbara Parker, Karen Landenburger, Judith McFarlane, Christine King, Josephine

Ryan, Doris Campbell, Jacquelyn Campbell, Daniel Sheridan

During the 1990s, these nurses, all members of the Nursing Consortium on Violence and Abuse, conducted three major research projects on domestic violence and health, all funded by the Centers for Disease

Control and the National Institutes of Health.

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OB 11104

Dan Sheridan addresses a group of nurses collaborating to improve women’s lives, ca. 1990s

Throughout his career, Sheridan published and lectured widely on the role of nurses in providing treatment and intervention for women who were battered.

OB 11107

Rush Coalition Against Spouse Abuse (RCASA) advocacy button,

ca. 1980s

OB 11330

In case object

Dan Sheridan’s employee identification badges, 1995–1996

Sheridan continued to connect medicine and violence throughout his career, pushing the medical field to recognize battering as a health issue.

After leaving Chicago, he opened a family violence intervention program at Oregon Health Sciences University Hospital in 1990.

OB 11331 OB 11332

Banner 4

Title Medicine Confronts Violence text Nurses successfully began to change the medical profession as they advocated, educated, and organized nationally.

Based on their research and experience, nurses and their allies created and implemented some of the first hospital protocols for treating women who were battered. Using these protocols, medical practitioners learned how to identify, properly treat, and provide support and resources to this population.

Following suit, in the mid-1980s, the public health community identified domestic violence as a priority health issue. This recognition marked a significant step toward the reform of the medical and health professions in treating victims of domestic violence.

(97 words)

Case 4

Case label

Providing Improved Care

Nurses pursued various strategies for providing improved care to abused women. Models of effective medical intervention included delivering health care in shelters, as well as creating and implementing some of the first hospital protocols for treating women who were battered.

Caption

Domestic Violence: The Development and Implementation of a

Hospital Protocol for the Identification and Treatment of Battered

Women, Patricia McGrath, Phyllis Schultz, and P. O'Dea Culhane, In 1977, Emergency Department nurses at Boston’s Brigham and

Women’s Hospital initiated and implemented the country’s first hospital protocol for the identification and treatment of battered women. The protocol was published three years later.

OB11333

(34 words)

Caption ID

Brigham and Women's Hospital, an organization on the vanguard of identifying and treating women who were battered, sponsors a neighborhood health fair, 1980

Courtesy Brigham and Women’s Hospital Archives, Countway Library of Medicine, Harvard University

In the mid-1970s, nurses at Brigham and Women’s Hospital were on the cutting edge of identifying violence against women as a serious, and largely ignored, health care issue.

OB 11144

Nurse Barbara Parker (bottom left) with nursing faculty at the

University of Maryland School of Nursing, 1980

Courtesy Historical and Special Collections, Health Sciences and

Human Services Library, University of Maryland, Baltimore

Parker supervised nursing students who provided patient care for victims of violence at the House of Ruth shelter, Baltimore’s first crisis shelter for women and their children.

OB 11136

Protocol of Care for the Battered Woman: Prevention of Battering

During Pregnancy, Anne Stewart Helton, 1987

Previous studies had found that 25–45 percent of all women who were battered experienced abuse during pregnancy. Helton developed and wrote the first protocol of care to address the needs of this special population. Helton also developed the Abuse

Assessment Screen, used to identify abused women in the health care system. The Abuse Assessment Screen is widely in use today throughout the world.

(64 words)

OB 11334

Hospital Training on Domestic Violence, Regina Braham, Kathy

Furniss, Howard Holtz, 1986

Nurses often worked on multidisciplinary teams when writing protocols of care for women who were abused. This protocol educated hospital personnel about battering and provided best practices for medical intervention.

OB 11335

Case 5

Case label The Surgeon General Takes A Stand

In 1985, Surgeon General C. Everett Koop energized nurses and other medical professionals when he convened an unprecedented three-day workshop on “Violence and Public Health.” As the country’s leading advocate for public health, the surgeon general called on medicine, nursing, and the health-related social services to “come forward and recognize violence as their issue.”

(54 words)

Object Surgeon General's Workshop on Violence and Public Health: Source

Book, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1986

Surgeon General's Workshop on Violence and Public Health: Report, Health Resources and Services Administration, 1985

The workshop brought together over 150 experts from across disciplines to discuss recommendations on the evaluation, prevention, and treatment of violence, including child abuse, child sexual abuse, rape and sexual assault, and spouse abuse. Among the nurse reformers in attendance were Barbara Parker, Judy McFarlane, Ann Burgess, Christine King, and

Jacquelyn Campbell.

OB11336

(52 words)

OB 11337

Surgeon General C. Everett Koop, 1980s

C. Everett Koop was the first surgeon general to recognize violence as a public health crisis.

OB 11132

“Nursing Network on Violence Against Women,” Response, Jacquelyn Campbell, 1987

Nurses who attended the Surgeon General’s workshop went on to create the Nursing Network on Violence Against Women. First organized by

Christine King, this coalition of concerned health professionals sought to prevent violence against women and diminish its effects on survivors.

(37 words)

OB11395

Nursing Network on Violence Against Women conference bag, late

20th century

Attendance and participation steadily increased at the Nursing Network on Violence Against Women conferences. When international members joined, the organization changed its name to the Nursing Network on

Violence Against Women International.

OB11338

Banner 5

Title Change Is Possible

Updated text Nurses changed the way the medical profession identified and treated women who were battered. By the 1990s, all the major medical organizations recognized domestic violence as a significant health issue and urged their members to take action, reinforcing over a decade of advocacy by nurses and their allies.

While these reforms were significant and helped to save and improve lives, the work of ending violence in American homes continues to this day. As individuals and community members, we all have a part to play in confronting violence and improving women’s lives. Together we can make a difference.

(100 words)

Case 6

Case label Professional changes

Different professional medical associations expanded on the work of pioneer reformers and developed protocols and treatment plans for individuals who were abused by their intimate partners. These guidelines became codified in publications, training manuals, and continuing education resources. In addition, companies developed new technologies to enhance the medical protocols for treating victims of violence.

(54 words)

The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists announced a campaign to combat domestic violence in 1989

The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists declared domestic violence a priority health issue, stating that all 27,000 members would receive information on how to detect victims of violence and how to help them.

(34 words)

OB 11339

The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists defines for member physicians “The Battered Woman,” 1989

Courtesy American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists

The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists’ first bulletin on domestic violence outlined the definition, incidence, and public health impact of abuse, and stressed the importance of identifying victims and providing methods for medical intervention.

OB11340

“American Medical Association Diagnostic and Treatment

Guidelines on Domestic Violence,” Archives of Family Medicine, The Archives of Family Medicine journal published the American

Medical Association’s guidelines on domestic violence, marking a critical turning point in the history of medicine. Pioneer physician reformer Anne Flitcraft co-authored the guidelines.

OB11341

Caption

Best Practices: Innovative Domestic Violence Programs in Health

Care Settings, Janet Nudelman, Nancy Durborow, Marya Grambs, and Patrick Letellier, 1997

Published by the Family Violence Prevention Fund, the practices outlined here reflect over a decade of medical reform initiated by nurses, physicians, social workers, and public health officials to improve the response to and treatment of women who were battered. The Fund and their CEO, Esta Soler, were critical in improving the healthcare response to women and girls who were abused.

OB11403

A camera system designed to capture both internal and external injuries, Secure Digital Forensic Imaging, 2014

Courtesy Secure Digital Forensic Imaging, SDFI-Telemedicine LLC

Tools used by nurses to document patient trauma have become more sophisticated as the practice of forensic nursing and the investigation of abuse crimes has become standardized.

(27 words) OB 11342

Case 7

Case label And the Work Continues

Activists today continue to work tirelessly to support and empower victims of intimate partner violence. Individuals and organizations have developed innovative and creative approaches to sharing information and assisting in recovery. In the past ten years, there has been an increased focus on the specific needs of teens and women of color.

“Shelter. Help. Hope.” support wristband, ca. 2010

Courtesy Catherine Jacquet

In the mid-2000s, silicone wristbands became a popular way for people to show support and raise awareness for various causes. The movement against domestic violence produced purple wristbands with messages of strength and support.

OB11343

Scrapbook created by teenage girls at La Casa de las Madres’ Drop

In Center during the summer of 2014

Courtesy La Casa de las Madres

La Casa de las Madres provides comprehensive and empowering services to women, teens, and children exposed to and at risk of abuse.

The Summer Scrapbook Project introduces teenage girls to various means of self-expression through the arts.

(37 words)

OB11368

Lipstick tubes and nail files with resource information about La

Casa de las Madres, ca. 2010

Courtesy La Casa de las Madres

La Casa de las Madres, a community organization for domestic violence victims located in San Francisco, produces and distributes lipstick tubes and nail files with information about the center printed on them.

(28 words)

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