Ion_Chromatography_-_Suite_Requirements.docx

ION CHROMATOGRAPHY (IC) SUITE – SALIENT REQUIREMENTS

NSWC IHEODTD has a need for an Ion Chromatography (IC) Suite to replace two (2) antiquated and functionally limited Ion chromatographic systems at the analytical laboratory. The Ion Chromatography (IC) Suite will support the advanced characterizations needed for Research, Development, Testing and Evaluation (RDT&E) efforts. Characterizations include the identification and accurate measurement of ionic species supporting R&D, Production, Process Control, health monitoring, and environmental compliance.

In order to fully meet Navy needs, the IC Suite must consist of two independent, yet modularly compatible, dual channel chromatographic systems: one analytical IC system (System #1) for the dedicated, fully automated, dual channel analysis of common anions and cations; and a second analytical IC system (System #2) for the dedicated, fully automated, analysis of organic ions and complex matrices with advanced detection (mass spectrometry, multi-wavelength UV-VIS, electrochemical, and charge aerosol discharge). Both systems must include: electrolytic eluent generation, electrolytic suppression, conductivity detection, integrated automation modules for sample preparation and/or concentration, thermally controlled autosamplers, and controllers for operating the instrument, data collection, and data processing. Beyond the requirements for System #1, System #2 must include a low pressure gradient mixing capability as well as advanced detection: mass spectrometry (MS), multi-variable ultraviolet and visible wavelength (UV-VIS), electrochemical (ED), and charge aerosol discharge (CAD) detection. The integrated IC Suite must additionally include: an integrated, in-line water purification system to provide feed water for both systems, a nitrogen generator for the MS detector, and accessories and consumable items for organic and inorganic anions and cations.

Additional details and specific requirements for each system, System #1 and System #2, are summarized separately in later sections.

SYSTEM #1: Dedicated, Dual Channel, Ion Chromatograph for Simultaneous or Sequential Determination of Common Organic and Inorganic AnionsCations:

GENERAL SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS:

1. Modular chromatograph consisting of pumps, detector and column compartments, conductivity detection capability, suppressor, injector, and columns. Additional pump, compartment, and detector requirements are summarized in later sections.

1. All fluid pathways must be inert, non-metallic PEEK (polyether ether ketone) throughout the system to ensure solvent compatibility, corrosion resistance, and metal contamination-free chromatography.

1. System must support 2-mm internal diameter analytical/guard columns and suppressors. System must be able to support 4-mm column sets as well.

1. System #1 must include an in-line, integrated water purification system to produce the high purity (Type 1, or better) water needed for Eluent Generation. The water purification system should produce sufficient quantities to support operation of both IC channels simultaneously. The water purification system should additionally allow for obtaining water for other purposes or sampling without disconnecting it from the chromatographic system.

1. System #1 must include an autosampler capability. The autosampler must be capable of performing full-loop and partial-loop injections; must have an all PEEK flow path and be compatible aqueous and reverse-phase solvents; and must be capable of simultaneous or sequential injection. Additional autosampler requirements are summarized in later sections.

1. Electrolytic Eluent Generation (EG) must be included for both channels. EG must be able to perform gradients electrolytically. Additional EG requirements are summarized in later sections.

1. Both channels must include automated (ability to sense and activate when degassing is required) built in vacuum degas assembly which provides in-line degassing of eluents ensuring reproducibility and protection of eluents from contamination and decomposition.

1. Both channels must include Conductivity Detection. Conductivity detector must have advanced single-range digital output with operating range to 15000 S/cm full-scale, and single-range analog signal output to 15000 S/cm.

1. Both channels must support suppressed conductivity detection. Suppressor must be operated continuously. Suppressor regeneration must be carried out either chemically or electrolytically.

1. System #1 must include optical leak detection for laboratory safety and management to allow fast response to system leaks.

1. System #1 must have automation manager consisting of up to two 6-port high pressure and/or two low pressure solenoid valves for post-column derivatizations or automated sample preparation operations such as online matrix elimination, online filtration, preconcentration, as well as large loop/small loop injections controlled by the data system.

PUMP REQUIREMENTS:

1. The pump(s) must be of a dual piston serial design, microprocessor controlled, constant stroke, variable speed, and have isokinetic eluent precompression capabilities.

1. The pump must have a pressure range of be at least 0-35MPa (0-5000 psi).

1. The flow rate range must be 0.000-10.000 mL/min settable in 0.001ml/min increments in analytical without changing pump heads.

1. Flow rate precision must be <0.1%. Flow rate accuracy must be <0.1%

1. Pressure ripple must be <1% at 1.0 mL/min, <0.2% at 10 L/min.

1. Must have an automated integrated piston seal wash which prolongs seal lifetime by preventing eluent crystallization on the seal surfaces.

1. The pump must have user-settable pressure limits to automatically stop pump flow in the event of leaks, flow restrictions, or depleted eluent reservoirs and an optical leak sensor in event of a leak.

1. The pump housing must be field upgradeable to incorporate up to two independent pumping systems which can be any combination of the available designs. The pumping systems available must be suitable for either quaternary low pressure mixing, isocratic analysis, or capillary flow rates. The quaternary pump must support an unlimited number of; linear, convex, concave, or inverse gradient profiles. Gradient proportioning accuracy must be 0.5 at 2 mL/min.

ELUENT GENERATION REQUIREMENTS:

1) Both channels of System #1 must include electrolytic Eluent Generation.

2) Eluent Generation is an electrolytic process by which eluent is generated and subsequently purified. Eluent concentration is varied by changing the applied current which allows gradients formations without the use of extra pumps, fittings, or valves.

3) The electrolytically generated gradient must be infinitely variable throughout a single run. The Eluent Generator must be able to produce an unlimited number of linear, convex, concave, or inverse gradient profiles.

4) Eluent types supported must include: KOH, NaOH, LiOH, and MSA.

5) Concentration must be in the range from 0.1 to 100 mmol/L for KOH and MSA (analytical).

6) Concentration increments must be as low as 0.01mmol/L which is required to optimize chromatographic peak resolution and optimize separation time.

7) Flow rates must be at least 0.1 mL/min to 3.000 mL/min for analytical flow rate systems.

NOTE: Eluent Generation is an electrolytic process by which eluent is generated and subsequently purified. Eluent concentration is varied by changing the applied current which allows gradients formations without the use of extra pumps, fittings, or valves. 4) Electrolytic Eluent Generation is not dilution of an eluent concentrate with water with the use of a burette type device. This procedure does not allow the ability to change concentration throughout a run without the use of additional mechanical devices such as valves. Electrolytic eluent generation suppressors also reduces the operator’s exposure to hazardous chemicals (e.g. sodium hydroxide, sulfuric acid, etc.).

AUTOSAMPLER REQUIREMENTS:

1. Autosampler must have the ability to control sample temperature from 4-60 C.

1. Autosampler must be capable of performing full-loop and partial-loop injections.

1. Must have an all PEEK flow path and be compatible aqueous and reverse-phase solvents.

1. Must be capable of simultaneous or sequential injection.

1. Must be capable of using polystyrene, polypropylene, or glass vials.

1. Autosampler capacity must be flexible to accommodate (81) 10ml vials, (120) 1.5ml vials, or (3X96 or 3X384) well plates.

1. Must be capable of at least 1-99 injections per vial.

1. Must have a variable volume range of 1-100 L in 0.1 L increments or 100-7500 L in 1 L increments.

1. Must have an injection precision of <0.3% RSD at 20 L in full loop mode and <0.5% RSD at 20 L in partial fill mode.

1. Must have a dilution precision of <1% RSD for a 1:10 dilution, a dispensing precision of <0.2% RSD (by weighing), and a carryover of <0.01% with a 500 L flush volume.

1. Must have as an option the ability to house either one or two 6-port or 10-port vales for sequential injection, sample preparation, fraction collection, or sample injection.

CHROMATOGRAPHY SECTION:

The chromatography section houses the separation columns and precolumns, and is where the separation of the ions of interest take place. The chromatography section must be able to house standard 4mm and 2mm analytical columns and precolumn sets. Additional requirements for the chromatography section are given below:

1. The separation section must be thermally controlled and configurable to hold two valves. The valves can be either injection or column switching valves in order to meet today’s needs and future expansion. All valves must be field installable. Temperature range must from 10-70 C; accuracy of 0.5 C; stability of 0.2 C; precision of 0.2 C

1. The fluidic flow path must be PEEK to prevent corrosion and contamination of samples.

1. Leak sensors must be provided for safety purposes.

DETECTOR SECTION:

The detector section houses the conductivity detector, and is where the detection and measurement of the ions take place. The detector section must be able to house a minimum of two detectors, in the case of System #1 both conductivity. The detector section must be thermally controlled and capable of maintaining temperatures from ambient up to 40C. Additional requirements for the detector section are given below:

1) The detection section must be thermally controlled and able to house any combination of up to two detectors, conductivity (with or without suppressors) or electrochemical detectors. The installed detectors must be automatically detectable by the software. The detectors must be able to operate in series or separately. The detectors must be field upgradeable. Temperature range must be from 10-40 C.

2) The fluidic flow path must be PEEK to prevent corrosion and contamination of samples.

3) Leak sensors must be provided for safety purposes.

AUTOMATION SECTION:

The automation section houses any optional high or low pressure valves, reaction coils, dual loops or pre-concentrators. The automation section must the conductivity detector, and is where the detection and measurement of the ions take place. The detector section must be able to house a minimum of two detectors, in the case of System #1 both conductivity. The detector section must be thermally controlled and capable of maintaining temperatures from ambient up to 40C. Additional requirements for the detector section are given below:

1) The automation section must house up to two high- pressure valves, 6- or 10-port, up to two inert low pressure valves, 2 or 3 way, up to two reaction coils (temperature range 5 C above upper zone, 80 C maximum), dual loops for pre-concentration, and must be field upgradable.

2) The automation section must be thermally controlled and accessible by independent compartment doors, separation being one and detection/automation the other. The doors insure individual thermal isolation.

3) The fluidic flow path must be PEEK to prevent corrosion and contamination of samples.

4) Leak sensors must be provided for safety purposes.

SUPPRESSION REQUIREMENTS:

1. Both electrolytic and chemical suppression of eluent for analyses must be available.

1. The suppressor must be operated continuously without the need of switching motors and based on a single membrane based ion exchanger.

1. Suppressor device must be able to suppress carbonate, hydroxide, or methanesulfonic acid eluents as required for EPA, ASTM, ISO, or other standardized methods.

CONDUCTIVITY DETECTORS (CD) REQUIREMENTS:

1. Must allow for chemically inert advanced single-range digital output with operating range from 0 to 15000 S/cm full-scale and single-range analog signal output from 0 to 15000 S/cm.

1. Must be a microprocessor-controlled digital signal processor conductivity detector with a 8 kHz square wave cell drive

1. Linearity of 1%

1. Resolution of 0.00238 nS/cm

1. Noise, wet:< 0.2 nS at 23 S/cm background, <0.1 nS at 1 S/cm background

1. Filter rise times from 0 to 10 s, programmable

1. Sample rate of 1-100 Hz user settable or automatic

1. Cell temperature stability of <0.001 C

1. Cell temperature: 5 C DC upper zone temperature to 60 C

1. Cell temperature compensation: programmable 0-3% per C, default is 1.7% per C

1. Maximum cell pressure of 10MPa (1500 psi).

1. Must be compatible with MSA.

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:

1. The software must be able to provide full automatic control of the process of analyzing samples. This must include acquiring data, quantitation, producing a report, and the option to upgrade to an incorporated excel like spreadsheet for report flexibility.

1. The software must be a 64 bit application for future upgradeability.

1. The software must be able to control and acquire data from third party instrumentation including but not limited to chromatography pumps, detectors, and autosamplers.

1. The software must be able to automate integration updates without time consuming batch reprocessing of changes to an integration in a data set.

1. The Software must allow real time integration monitoring in order for an instrument operator to monitor real time progress.

1. Standard curves must be generated using a variety of curve fitting routines.

5. Must be able to select curves with up to 5 point calibration curves

5. Must be able to select linear, quadratic, or cubic fit curves

5. Must be able to use weighing options for the calibration calculations.

5. Must be able to calculate the confidence intervals at different confidence levels.

1. The instrument software must include self-diagnostic functions.

1. The software must have an option to predict column separations without additional experiments.

WARRANTY REQUIREMENTS:

Onsite repairs:

1. All labor must be covered during warranty period.

1. All parts must be covered during warranty period.

1. The warranty must not have any limitations if the instrument is in operation 24 hours a day 7 days a week.

1. Travel charges must be included during warranty period.

1. Remote trouble shooting and support must be provided during warranty period.

1. An official company warranty statement must be included with the bid and must also be stated in the operator’s manual.

SYSTEM #2: Dedicated, Dual Channel, Gradient Ion Chromatograph with Advanced Detection for the Analysis of Complex Matrices and Organic Ions:

GENERAL SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS:

1) Modular chromatograph consisting of pumps, detector and column compartments, conductivity detection capability, suppressor, injector, and columns. Additional pump, compartment, and detector requirements are summarized in later sections.

2) All fluid pathways must be inert, non-metallic PEEK (polyether ether ketone) throughout the system to ensure solvent compatibility, corrosion resistance, and metal contamination-free chromatography.

3) System must support 2-mm internal diameter analytical/guard columns and suppressors. System must be able to support 4-mm column sets as well.

4) One channel of System #2 must include a gradient pump for low pressure mixing.

5) System #2 must include an autosampler capability. The autosampler must be capable of performing full-loop and partial-loop injections; must have an all PEEK flow path and be compatible aqueous and reverse-phase solvents; and must be capable of simultaneous or sequential injection. Additional autosampler requirements are summarized in later sections.

6) Electrolytic Eluent Generation (EG) must be included for one channel. EG must be able to perform gradients electrolytically. Additional EG requirements are summarized in later sections.

7) Both channels must include automated (ability to sense and activate when degassing is required) built in vacuum degas assembly which provides in-line degassing of eluents ensuring reproducibility and protection of eluents from contamination and decomposition.

8) One channel must include Conductivity Detection. Conductivity detector must have advanced single-range digital output with operating range to 15000 S/cm full-scale, and single-range analog signal output to 15000 S/cm. channels must support suppressed conductivity detection. Suppressor must be operated continuously. Suppressor regeneration must be carried out either chemically or electrolytically.

9) One channel must support advanced detection beyond conductivity. Available detectors must include: mass spectrometry (MS), multi-wavelength absorption (UV-VIS), electrochemical (ED), and charge aerosol discharge (CAD).

10) System #2 must include optical leak detection for laboratory safety and management to allow fast response to system leaks.

11) System #2 must have automation manager consisting of up to two 6-port high pressure and/or two low pressure solenoid valves for post-column derivatizations or automated sample preparation operations such as online matrix elimination, online filtration, pre-concentration, as well as large loop/small loop injections controlled by the data system.

PUMP REQUIREMENTS:

1) All same as for System #1.

2) One channel must include a gradient pump for eluent mixing.

a. The gradient pump must support either quaternary low pressure mixing or isocratic analysis.

b. The quaternary pump must support an unlimited number of; linear, convex, concave, or inverse gradient profiles.

c. Gradient proportioning accuracy must be 0.5 at 2 mL/min.

ELUENT GENERATION REQUIREMENTS:

1) One channel of System #2 must include electrolytic Eluent Generation.

2) Requirements are the same as for System #1.

AUTOSAMPLER REQUIREMENTS:

1) Same as for System #1.

CHROMATOGRAPHY SECTION:

DETECTOR SECTION:

AUTOMATION SECTION:

SUPPRESSION REQUIREMENTS:

1) Same was for System #1.

CONDUCTIVITY DETECTOR (CD) REQUIREMENTS:

MASS SPECTROMETER (MS) REQUIREMENTS):

1) The mass spectrometric detector will be a bench top instrument, and should minimize the amount of space needed for both data system and the detector.

2) MS Detector must include a suitable nitrogen generator for operations.

3) The MS will be capable of being fully integrated and interfaced to System #2.

4) The range of the instrument should effectively cover at a minimum the mass to charge ratio with sufficient ion transmission efficiency for routine analyses. Standard range should be at least 17 to 2000 m/z. Both low and high m/z range should be optimized by the implementation of a combination of RF frequency and the use of separate RF sources for ion focusing and for the main mass filter. There must be unit resolution across the entire mass range.

5) The mass spectrometric detector will have in its standard configuration atmospheric pressure interfaces/sources for both electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) for the introduction of liquid sample streams into the mass spectrometric detector. The ESI/APCI ionization source will be self-cleaning and will not require mechanical adjustment or electrostatic focusing for sample optimization

a) Switching from one mode (ESI or APCI) of operation should be achieved without the use of tools or the necessity of breaking vacuum. Changeover between the two modes will be accomplished by using single assembly, self-locking ESI and APCI probe inserts. This operation will automatically connect the pneumatic and electrical supply lines and will result in a total changeover time (beam to beam) of less than one minute.

b) The electrospray interface should have the capacity to handle effectively liquid streams on the order of 10 microliters/min up to and including 2mL/min without resorting to sample stream splitting.

c) The ESI source will be of a thermally assisted pneumatic nebulization type. Heating of the ESI probe assembly, initiation of the nebulizing gas stream and voltage selection will be data system controlled.

i) Voltage for the ESI source should be selectable up to 5000V, either positive or negative.

ii) The instrument will be capable of effectively switching ESI source polarity in sequential analytical scans.

d) The APCI interface should have the capacity to handle effectively liquid streams on the order of 200 <L/min up to and including 2mL/min without resorting to sample stream splitting.

e) The APCI source will be of a thermally assisted pneumatic nebulization type. Heating of the APCI probe assembly, initiation of the gas stream and voltage selection will be data system controlled.

i) Current for the APCI source should be selectable up to 100<A and operate in either positive or negative polarity.

ii) The instrument will be capable of effectively switching APCI source polarity in sequential analytical scans.

f) During operation, the APCI probe should sense the voltage associated with the selected current and adjust the voltage automatically (up to 5000V) by use of a controlled circuit that maintains a constant discharge current.

g) The source should be removable from the system, and the entrance and exit orifices and the RF lens should also be accessible and removable for cleaning without the use of any tools or accessories.

h) The entrance orifice should have the capability of being continually washed with an additional externally supplied solvent to facilitate the removal of contaminates that might accumulate on the entrance surface degrading the performance of the mass spectrometric detector.

i) The turbo vacuum system will be under control of the data system. The system can be vented either manually (by the operator) or in the case of unexpected interrupted power, by system control. The data system will monitor vacuum during pump down and routine operation and as a diagnostic procedure for overall performance.

j) The mass spectrometric detector will have in its standard configuration a high capacity, water tolerant, mechanical pump with a capacity of no less than 30m 3/min.

k) Calibration should be automated and under data system control. The calibration procedure should run without the need for operator intervention. A log file containing the results of the current calibration will automatically be stored for audit purposes.

l) The calibrant should be self contained and accessible for routine calibration of the instrument without the necessity of reconfiguration of the liquid sample path.

m) Calibration will include diagnostic checks for RF optimization and m/z resolution settings across the mass range, with resolution being set for unit mass resolution automatically by the calibration algorithm.

n) The calibration will generate an nth order polynomial expression that will be used to insure accurate electronic scanning of the mass spectrometric detector across the entire mass range, without the need for post acquisition modification of acquired raw data files.

o) The ion optics will contain an RF only lens for high ion transmission efficiency. The lens will be of a square-rod quadrupole design which will operate independently from the main quadrupole mass filter, with a separate RF generator designed for increased ion transmission of low m/z values.

p) The ion optics will allow for collision induced dissociation (CID) for structural elucidation of molecular and pseudo-molecular ions, and can be changed within sequential m/z scans with acceleration potentials of up to 200V for either positive or negative ions.

q) The main mass filter will be of a linear quadrupole design, preceded by prefilters for the minimization of contamination of the main mass filter.

r) Ion detection will be by a high gain / low noise electron multiplier with a replaceable continuous dynode cartridge design. Minimum gain for the multiplier will be 106.

s) The mass spectrometric detector will be interfaced to the data system via a universal serial bus (USB) and will not require special interface cards or peripheral devices. The USB connection will have data error checking and resend facility for stable communications in noisy environments, and retrievable communications in the event of accidental link disconnection.

t) The MS data system must include and be compatible with Chromeleon® software which controls the Ion Chromatograph, and interface in a seamless manner with all Chromeleon supported devices, methods, and programs, including quantitation, report generation, audit trail logging, and user interface panels

u) The MS software will control all functionality of the mass spectrometric detector including:

i) Tuning of the mass spectrometric detector hardware for optimal RF frequency.

ii) Resolution tuning for optimizing ion energy, RF lens bias, resolution and linearity.

iii) Calibration for accurate m/z assignment.

iv) Optionally check the detector gain and optimize as necessary

v) The data system will have the capability of adding optional software that will control the liquid inlet systems, either HPLC or IC in nature.

ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTOR (ED) REQUIREMENTS:

1. The electrochemical detector must be capable of operating in an integrated amperometry, pulsed amperometry, DC Amperometry mode, or Cyclovoltammetry. Multiple waveforms and multiple integrations times must be supported to optimize detection conditions for individual analytes.

1. The detector must be autoranging; have a signal range for Integrated Amperometry of 50pC to 200 µC and 5pA to 74 A for DC Amperometry; electronic noise (wet noise) in integrated mode (Au electrode) < 50 pC at 10 mmol/L KOH and DC mode (GC) < 10 pA at catecholamine eluent; potential range of -2.0 to 2.0V in 0.001 V increments; filter rise time of 0-10 s, user settable; cell body of titanium; cell volume of < 0.2 L operating pressure of 0.7 MPa (100 psi).

1. The cell electrodes must be available in the following options: gold, silver, platinum, and glassy carbon.

1. The reference electrode must be a pH-Ag/AgCl combination, one piece design (analytical).

VARIABLE WAVELENGTH UV-VIS DETECTOR REQUIREMENTS:

1. Must be a dual beam forward optics for single or multiple wavelength (4 channel) UV/VIS options.

1. Must contain both a deuterium lamp for UV range and tungsten lamp for visible range.

1. Must have a wavelength range of 190-900nm settable in 1nm increments, with an accuracy of 1nm.

1. Must be a digital autoranging detector with a data collection rate of up to 100Hz.

1. Flow cell must be composed of PEEK to prevent corrosion and increase durability.

1. The cell path length must be 10mm with a cell volume of 11µL, heat exchanger volume of 8.8 µL, and a maximum operating pressure of 725 psi (5 MPa).

1. Must have a noise typically of < 2.5AU at 254nm, a drift <0 .1m AU/h at 254nm, linearity of >2 AU, and bandwidth of 6 nm at 254 nm.

1. Must have able to operate in a humidity range from 5-80% relative, non condensing.

CHARGE AEROSOL DETECTOR (CAD) REQUIREMENTS:

1) Near universal detector for the detection of volatile and semi-volatile analytes that are unsuitable for optical detection due to lack of native chromophore or fluorescence.

2) Sensitivity down to the sub-nanogram level.

3) Integrity of sample is maintained within the detector. Sample is not ionized. Charge is by means of adsorption of charged nitrogen molecules. The amount of resulting charge is dependent of sample mass from the column and is measured by an electrometer.

4) Coaxial nebulizer enshrouds column effluent with nitrogen to atomize the sample and separate the non-volatile analyte from the volatile mobile phase.

5) Only one nebulizer is used for the entire flow range. Nebulizer is easily exchangeable from the front panel for cleaning.

6) Evaporation of solvent from sample is by means of a temperature controlled evaporation tube. Settable evaporation temperature to 35 C or 50 C.

7) Flow range from 0.2 ml/min to 2 ml/min using only one nebulizer.

8) Control is by touch screen or software. Software control of detector must be by Chromeleon 7.x, SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:

1) The software must be able to provide full automatic control of the process of analyzing samples. This must include acquiring data, quantitation, producing a report, and the option to upgrade to an incorporated excel like spreadsheet for report flexibility.

2) The software must be a 64 bit application for future upgradeability.

3) The software must be able to control and acquire data from third party instrumentation including but not limited to chromatography pumps, detectors, and autosamplers.

4) The software must be able to automate integration updates without time consuming batch reprocessing of changes to an integration in a data set.

5) The Software must allow real time integration monitoring in order for an instrument operator to monitor real time progress.

6) Standard curves must be generated using a variety of curve fitting routines.

a. Must be able to select curves with up to 5 point calibration curves

b. Must be able to select linear, quadratic, or cubic fit curves

c. Must be able to use weighing options for the calibration calculations.

d. Must be able to calculate the confidence intervals at different confidence levels.

7) The instrument software must include self-diagnostic functions.

WARRANTY REQUIREMENTS:

Onsite repairs: