Infill Radar Qualification Requirements Document FINAL 20210921 AG.JR Sig.pdf

Infill Radar Qualification Requirements Document

September 21, 2021

Federal Aviation Administration

800 Independence Avenue Washington, D.C. 20591

INFILL RADAR QUALIFICATION REQUIREMENTS DOCUMENT

i

Infill Radar Qualification Requirements Document

September 21, 2021

Approved By:

____________________________________________________ Date:_____________ Daniel S. Hicok, Director Surveillance Services (AJM-4) Federal Aviation Administration

____________________________________________________ Date:_____________ James B. Roberts, United States Air Force, Director Programs and Requirements Headquarters Air Force Flight Standards Agency

AMY J. GUSKY Digitally signed by AMY J. GUSKY Date: 2021.09.30 11:28:09 -04'00' ii

Document Version Control Origination/

Revision Number

Effective Date Sections Affected Changes Made

Rev - September 21, 2021 All

Baseline Release

Total Requirements Must Statement

Total Count: 59 iii

Table of Contents

1 INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 DESCRIPTION

1.2 SCOPE

2 CAPABILITY DESCRIPTION AND PROGRAM INFORMATION 1

2.1 OPERATIONAL CONCEPT

2.2 QUANTITIES AND LOCATION

2.3 CONSTRAINTS

3 FUNCTIONAL, INFORMATIONAL, AND PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS 2

3.1 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS

3.1.1 Detect Aircraft [F.1]

3.1.2 Process Surveillance Data [F.2]

3.1.3 Disseminate Surveillance Data [F.3]

3.1.4 Provide System Health [F.4]

3.2 DATA AND INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS

3.3 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS

3.3.1 Coverage Volume

3.3.2 Accuracy

3.3.3 Probability of Detection

3.3.4 Probability of False Target Detection

3.3.5 Resolution

3.3.6 Target Capacity

3.3.7 Data Timeliness

3.3.8 Target Overload Processing

3.4 RELIABILITY, MAINTAINABILITY, AND AVAILABILITY (RMA) REQUIREMENTS

4 INTEGRATION REQUIREMENTS 7

4.1 PHYSICAL INTEGRATION

4.1.1 Environmental Requirements

4.1.2 Land and Facility

4.1.3 Telecommunications

4.1.4 Special Considerations

4.2 FUNCTIONAL INTEGRATION

4.2.1 Interfaces to Other FAA Enterprise Architecture Elements

4.2.2 Interfaces

4.2.3 Spectrum Requirements

4.3 HUMAN FACTORS

4.4 EMPLOYEE SAFETY AND HEALTH

5 SECURITY AND HEALTH REQUIREMENTS 9

5.1 FACILITY SECURITY

5.2 PERSONNEL SECURITY

5.3 INFORMATION SYSTEMS SECURITY (ISS)

5.4 SYSTEM SAFETY

5.5 EXISTING CONTROLS

5.6 SAFETY REQUIREMENTS

6 QUALITY AND CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENTS 10

6.1 QUALITY ASSURANCE

6.2 CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT

iv

7 TEST AND EVALUATION REQUIREMENTS 11

7.1 PLANNING AND TEST DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

7.2 DEVELOPMENT TEST REQUIREMENTS

7.3 OPERATIONAL TEST REQUIREMENTS

7.4 SITE TEST REQUIREMENTS

7.5 REPORTING REQUIREMENTS

7.6 TEST SUPPORT REQUIREMENTS

7.7 CRITICAL OPERATIONAL ISSUES

8 IMPLEMENTATION AND TRANSITION REQUIREMENTS 14

9 IN-SERVICE SUPPORT AND MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENTS 15

9.1 INTEGRATED LOGISTICS SUPPORT

9.2 MAINTENANCE PLANNING

9.2.1 Field Maintenance Support

9.2.2 Second Level Engineering, Maintenance, and Technical Support

9.2.3 Depot Level Support

9.3 SUPPLY SUPPORT

9.3.1 Site Sparing

9.3.2 Life Cycle Provisioning/Depot Spares

9.3.3 Screening

9.3.4 Warranty

9.3.5 Asset Management

9.4 PACKAGING, HANDLING, STORAGE, AND TRANSPORTATION

9.4.1 Depot Spares

9.4.2 Barcoding

9.5 SUPPORT EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE

9.5.1 Tools and Test Equipment

9.6 DIRECT-WORK MAINTENANCE STAFFING

9.7 MAINTENANCE SUPPORT FACILITIES

9.8 TRAINING, TRAINING SUPPORT, AND PERSONNEL SKILLS

9.8.1 FAA Academy Training System

9.9 TECHNICAL DATA

9.9.1 Manuals and Instructions

9.9.2 Drawing and Specifications

9.9.3 Escrow Package

9.9.4 Computer Resources Support

APPENDIX 1: CRITICAL PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS 18

APPENDIX 2: ACRONYMS 19

APPENDIX 3: GLOSSARY TERMS 20

APPENDIX 4: REFERENCE DOCUMENTS 22

APPENDIX 5: VERIFICATION REQUIREMENTS TRACEABILITY MATRIX 23

Table of Figures Figure 3-1 Infill Radar Functional Hierarchy

Table of Tables Table 7-1 - Critical Operational Issues

1 INTRODUCTION

An infill radar system provides supplemental non-cooperative surveillance that mitigates localized performance shortfalls. The Infill Radar project is a joint endeavor between the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the United States Air Force (USAF) to develop required documentation and to establish a qualification process for non-cooperative infill radars to operate within the National Airspace System (NAS) to provide Air Traffic Control (ATC) services. The qualification process will allow deployment of infill radars to mitigate wind turbine interference in ATC operations.

1.1 Description

Wind turbines produce stationary and Doppler clutter that affect performance of non-cooperative radar systems.

The physical size of the turbine presents the radar with stationary clutter which degrades non-cooperative radar detection.

The motion of the turbine blades is detected by the radar as a moving object based on Doppler returns. Furthermore, blades can rotate at speeds similar to those of aircraft.

Radars are tuned to detect objects with such speeds, and therefore, process the rotating blades as an aircraft base on radar returns. This results in false plots that degrade surveillance performance of non-cooperative radar.

Turbine-generated plots, along with any real targets, are sent to the terminal automation system for tracking and subsequent display to the ATC operator. The number and density of these clutter returns generate false tracks on ATC displays. The clutter cannot be completely filtered out by the terminal automation system without affecting the detection of real targets.

These false tracks could cause the air traffic controller to issue potentially erroneous traffic calls or to direct pilots to seek evasive actions in the region. This situation could result in dangerous maneuvering and loss of controlled flight for an inexperienced pilot.

The operational need is for improved non-cooperative radar performance in and around Wind Resource Areas at ATC facilities that suffer from wind turbine clutter.

An infill radar can be placed near Wind Resource Areas to provide non-cooperative surveillance in and around Wind Resource Areas to complete the airspace picture where the current ATC non-cooperative radar system is adversely affected.

1.2 Scope

The current scope of this Qualification Requirements Document (QRD) is to define the requirements that would be validated during an operational evaluation of an infill radar system (Phase 1). The QRD will be updated at a later time to define the complete set of requirements to qualify an infill radar system (Phase 2). Phase 2 will also revalidate the requirements that were analyzed during the operational evaluation and implement any changes accordingly.

2 CAPABILITY DESCRIPTION AND PROGRAM INFORMATION

2.1 Operational Concept

Infill radar data will be provided to the USAF as a service.

An infill radar will improve operations in and around Wind Resource Areas outside of Class B or Class C airspace, especially those near airports. The infill radar will provide non-cooperative radar coverage in areas where traditional radars are overcome with clutter due to wind turbine interference. This solution will enable controllers to reclaim this airspace and accommodate more traffic in and around wind turbine areas. These improvements will restore radar coverage to the level where it once existed prior to the deployment of wind turbines.

2.2 Quantities and Location

The quantities and locations of infill radars to be qualified are unknown at this time. This section will be revisited and defined prior to the qualification of an infill radar.

2.3 Constraints

An infill radar will need to:

Detect targets with limited effects from the wind turbine clutter.

Provide surveillance data with minimal false plots.

This improved non-cooperative radar performance will enable improved tracking of aircraft that are not equipped with an operating transponder as they transit the Wind Resource Area.

The infill radar will meet requirements similar to a terminal ATC radar and support three (3) nautical mile aircraft separation. An alternatives analysis has not been performed for the Infill Radar Project. Requirements for Integration, Security and Health, Quality and Configuration Management, Implementation and Transition, and In-Service Support and Management will be defined prior to the qualification of an infill radar.

3 FUNCTIONAL, INFORMATIONAL, AND PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS

The Infill Radar Requirements Working Group, consisting of FAA and USAF Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) reviewed requirements of the Airport Surveillance Radar Model 11 (ASR-11) and Digital Airport Surveillance Radar (DASR) systems. Applicable requirements were then extracted and tailored to develop performance requirements for the qualification of infill radars. Inputs into the qualification requirements included FAA Orders, the Functional Analysis Document (FAD), and SME knowledge.

These requirements delineate standards the infill radar must meet within the overall air traffic control system. The requirements address target detection based on geographical and physical considerations (for example, proximity to the infill radar, aircraft size, velocity, and altitude) for accurate determination of target surveillance. An infill radar system may have a tracker and/or Scan-to-Scan Correlator to meet the requirements in this QRD. Additionally, performance requirements address interface definitions that allow processed radar data to be electronically transferred from the infill radar to subsequent radar processor(s) such as a terminal automation display.

This document uses ‘Must’ as the mandatory imperative in requirement statements. Use of ‘Must’ as the mandatory imperative complies with Federal Plain Language Guidelines, March 2011 Revision 1, May 2011, and the FAA Plain Language Toolkit accessible from FAA Plain Language Website: https://www.faa.gov/about/initiatives/plain_language.

Within the requirements of this specification, when the words “AND” and “OR” appear in capital letters, they are being used as logical operators defined as follows:

• AND – all the conditions of the requirement must be mandatory.

• OR – one or more of the conditions in the requirement must be mandatory.

Additionally, all combinations must be exercised.

Within the requirements of the Infill Radar QRD, when an element of a document is referenced such as a Subsection, Section, Paragraph, or Chapter, all subordinate Subsections, Sections, Paragraphs, or Chapters to the referenced element are applicable.

The Infill Radar team developed a Functional Analysis Hierarchy to ensure alignment with requirements and provide context and background information. The hierarchy, as shown in Figure 3-1, provides a graphical depiction of the infill radar functions. The functional requirements are aligned under these Functions. Numbers in the brackets following each subsection title are provided as a reference and mapping to the corresponding function number in the functional hierarchy (e.g., [F.1]).

Infill Radar – Functional Analysis Overview

M od ule

- L ev el

0 -

- L ev el

1 -

F0

NAS

Module 1 Surveillance

F.1 Detect Aircraft

Module 1.1 Ground-Based Non-cooperative Surveillance

F.4 Provide System

Health

F.3 Disseminate

Surveillance Data

F.2 Process Surveillance

Data

Figure 3-1 Infill Radar Functional Hierarchy

3.1 Functional Requirements

This section provides the infill radar functional requirements. Each heading in this section is labeled in the F.n- format for traceability to functions in the functional analysis.

3.1.1 Detect Aircraft [F.1]

[IFR-QRD-0001] The infill radar system must transmit Radar Pulses.

[IFR-QRD-0002] The infill radar must detect aircraft based on reflected Radar Pulses from aircraft.

3.1.2 Process Surveillance Data [F.2]

[IFR-QRD-0003] The infill radar system must produce Target Reports from radar returns.

[IFR-QRD-0004] The infill radar must suppress combinations of fixed and moving clutter while detecting aircraft targets.

[IFR-QRD-0005] The infill radar must meet performance requirements when Active Wind Turbines are in the Coverage Volume.

3.1.3 Disseminate Surveillance Data [F.3]

[IFR-QRD-0006] The infill radar system must disseminate Surveillance Data.

[IFR-QRD-0007] The infill radar must output uncorrelated Surveillance Data.

[IFR-QRD-0008] If the infill radar uses a tracker, the system must output correlated Surveillance Data.

[IFR-QRD-0009] When using a tracker or Scan-to-Scan Correlator, the infill radar must output correlated Target Reports on the scan after the target is first detected.

[IFR-QRD-0010] The infill radar must provide a back-up connection to Standard Terminal Automation Replacement System.

3.1.4 Provide System Health [F.4]

[IFR-QRD-0011] The infill radar must process radar operational status data.

[IFR-QRD-0012] The infill radar system must provide system health to surveillance users.

3.2 Data and information Requirements

[IFR-QRD-0013] The infill radar system must interface to Standard Terminal Automation Replacement System in accordance with the NAS-IC-34112105 Revision K, Change 1, 6 May 2013 Interface Control Document Airport Surveillance Radar Model 11 (ASR-11) for Modified

CD-2.

[IFR-QRD-0014] The infill radar system must send Service Messages (Cat 034) in accordance with Surveillance to ATC Automation System All Purpose Structured Eurocontrol Surveillance Information Exchange (ASTERIX) Interface Control Document (ICD), NAS-ICD-11013400 September 8, 2020, as supplemented by the Guidance for Infill Radar Requirements ASTERIX Data Fields v12, September 9, 2021.

[IFR-QRD-0015] The infill radar system must send Target Reports (Cat 048) to Automation formatted in accordance with the Surveillance to ATC Automation System All-Purpose Structured Eurocontrol Surveillance Information Exchange (ASTERIX) Interface Control Document (ICD) NAS-ICD-11013400 September 8, 2020, as supplemented by the Guidance for Infill Radar Requirements ASTERIX Data Fields v12, September 9, 2021.

3.3 Performance Requirements

3.3.1 Coverage Volume

[IFR-QRD-0016] The infill radar must provide surveillance coverage for the Coverage Volume defined by a slant range from 0.5 to at least 20 nautical miles.

[IFR-QRD-0017] The infill radar must provide surveillance coverage for the Coverage Volume defined by an azimuth greater than or equal to 90 degrees.

[IFR-QRD-0018] The infill radar must provide surveillance coverage for the Coverage Volume defined by an altitude from ground level to 24,000 feet Above Ground Level.

[IFR-QRD-0019] The infill radar must provide surveillance coverage for the Coverage Volume defined by an elevation greater than 0 degrees to at least 30 degrees with respect to the horizontal plane tangent to the earth at the radar antenna.

3.3.2 Accuracy

[IFR-QRD-0020] The infill radar range error must be less than or equal to 275 feet root mean square, including bias.

[IFR-QRD-0021] The infill radar azimuth error must be less than or equal to 0.32 degrees root mean square, including bias.

3.3.3 Probability of Detection

[IFR-QRD-0022] The infill radar Probability of Detection must be greater than or equal to 80 percent for a 1.0 square meter Radar Cross Section target within the detection volume.

3.3.4 Probability of False Target Detection

[IFR-QRD-0023] The single scan probability of a split report delivered by the infill radar must be less than 1 percent of the total number of primary only reports from aircraft when averaged over 10 scans.

[IFR-QRD-0024] In the absence of a tracker or Scan-to-Scan correlator, the infill radar must output less than 8 False Target Reports per scan in three consecutive scans.

[IFR-QRD-0025] When using a tracker or Scan-to-Scan Correlator, the infill radar must output less than 3 False Target Reports per scan.

3.3.5 Resolution

[IFR-QRD-0026] When returns are detected from two Swerling 1 targets, separated in range by at least 0.125 nautical miles, on the same azimuth, with the same or different radial velocities located at any point in the Coverage Volume, the infill radar must resolve the two targets, generating two unique target reports 80 percent of the time for any combination of Radar Cross Sections from 1 to 20 square meters provided the larger target's Radar Cross Section is less than 8 dB greater than the smaller target's Radar Cross Section.

[IFR-QRD-0027] When returns are detected from two Swerling 1 targets, separated in azimuth by 8.5 degrees, at the same range, with the same or different radial velocities located at any point in the Coverage Volume, the infill radar must resolve the two targets, generating two unique target reports 80 percent of the time for any combination of Radar Cross Sections from

1 to 20 square meters provided the larger target's Radar Cross Section is less than 8 dB greater than the smaller target's Radar Cross Section.

3.3.6 Target Capacity

[IFR-QRD-0028] The infill radar must provide target processing capacity at a peak of 83 targets uniformly distributed in a 90-degree sector.

[IFR-QRD-0029] The infill radar must provide target processing capacity at a peak of 33 targets uniformly distributed across two contiguous 11.25-degree sectors.

[IFR-QRD-0030] The infill radar must provide target processing capacity at a peak of 5 targets per a 1.3-degree wedge lasting less than two contiguous wedges.

3.3.7 Data Timeliness

[IFR-QRD-0031] The infill radar target update rate must be once every 4.8, plus or minus 0.5, seconds.

[IFR-QRD-0032] The infill Radar Processing Delay must be less than or equal to 0.8 second for uncorrelated digital target reports, real time quality control reports, AND sector messages where a maximum of 83 targets are uniformly distributed in a 90-degree sector.

[IFR-QRD-0033] When using a tracker or Scan-to-Scan Correlator, the infill Radar Processing Delay must be less than or equal to 1.3 seconds for correlated digital target reports where a maximum of 83 targets are uniformly distributed in a 90-degree sector.

3.3.8 Target Overload Processing

[IFR-QRD-0034] The infill radar must automatically detect target Overload Situations.

[IFR-QRD-0035] The infill radar must report an alarm in a target Overload Situation to End Users.

3.4 Reliability, Maintainability, and Availability (RMA) Requirements [IFR-QRD-0036] The infill radar must have an Operational Service Availability (Ao) greater than 0.999.

4 INTEGRATION REQUIREMENTS

4.1 Physical Integration

4.1.1 Environmental Requirements

Environmental requirements will be defined prior to the qualification of an infill radar.

4.1.2 Land and Facility

Land and Facility requirements will be defined prior to the qualification of an infill radar.

4.1.2.1 Grounding, Bonding, Shielding, Lightning Protection, Cables, Power and HVAC Grounding, Bonding, Shielding, Lightning Protection, Cables, Power and Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) requirements will be defined prior to the qualification of an infill radar.

4.1.2.2 Energy and Water Conservation

Energy and Water Conservation requirements will be defined prior to the qualification of an infill radar.

4.1.2.3 Hazardous Materials

Hazardous Material requirements will be defined prior to the qualification of an infill radar.

4.1.3 Telecommunications

[IFR-QRD-0037] The Communications System overall latency from infill radar system to the destination Automation System must be less than or equal to 0.3 second for the communications equipment where a maximum of 83 targets are uniformly distributed in a 90-degree sector.

4.1.4 Special Considerations

[IFR-QRD-0038] The infill radar must comply with FAA JO 1370.117, National Airspace System (NAS) Internet Protocol (IP) Addressing Policy.

4.2 Functional Integration

4.2.1 Interfaces to Other FAA Enterprise Architecture Elements The infill radar interface requirements are contained in Section 3.1 Functional Requirements.

4.2.2 Interfaces

The infill radar interface requirements are contained in Section 3.2 Data and Information Requirements.

4.2.3 Spectrum Requirements

[IFR-QRD-0039] The infill radar must operate within approved Radio Frequency spectrum.

[IFR-QRD-0040] The infill radar must operate without degrading performance of existing navigation OR radar systems.

4.3 Human Factors

Human Factor requirements will be defined prior to the qualification of an infill radar.

4.4 Employee Safety and Health

Employee Safety and Health requirements will be defined prior to the qualification of an infill radar.

5 SECURITY AND HEALTH REQUIREMENTS

5.1 Facility Security

Facility Security requirements will be defined prior to the qualification of an infill radar.

5.2 Personnel Security

Personnel Security requirements will be defined prior to the qualification of an infill radar.

5.3 Information Systems Security (ISS)

Information System Security requirements will be defined prior to the qualification of an infill radar.

5.4 System Safety

System Safety requirements will be defined prior to the qualification of an infill radar.

5.5 Existing Controls

Existing Control requirements will be defined prior to the qualification of an infill radar.

5.6 Safety Requirements

Safety Requirements will be defined prior to the qualification of an infill radar.

6 QUALITY AND CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENTS

6.1 Quality Assurance

Quality Assurance requirements will be defined prior to the qualification of an infill radar.

6.2 Configuration Management

Configuration Management requirements will be defined prior to the qualification of an infill

7 TEST AND EVALUATION REQUIREMENTS

The operational evaluation of an infill radar system will validate the requirements in Section 3 and Section 7.3.

For the Infill Radar test program, the QRD defines the operational framework and performance baseline used as a basis to test and evaluate the solution and design.

Requirement verification forms the basis for accepting the infill radar and evaluating the readiness of the infill radar to become operational.

[IFR-QRD-0041] The Infill Radar Project must conduct Qualification Test activities in accordance with AMS Policy Section 4.4, Test and Evaluation.

[IFR-QRD-0042] The Infill Radar Project must comply with FAA Order NG 1810.8B, FAA William J. Hughes Technical Center's Test and Evaluation Policy.

[IFR-QRD-0043] The Infill Radar Project must conduct Qualification Test activities in accordance with AMS Test and Evaluation Process Guidelines.

[IFR-QRD-0044] The Infill Radar Project must conduct Qualification Test activities in accordance with FAA AMS Lifecycle Verification and Validation Guidelines.

[IFR-QRD-0045] The Infill Radar Project must conduct Qualification Test activities in accordance with VVSPT-A2-PDD-013, William J. Hughes Technical Center Test and Evaluation Handbook, Version 4.0.

[IFR-QRD-0046] The Infill Radar Project must conduct Qualification Test activities in accordance with the policies, guidelines, and practices defined in the FAA Acquisition System Toolset.

7.1 Planning and Test Design Requirements

Additional planning and test design requirements will be defined prior to the qualification of an infill radar.

[IFR-QRD-0047] The Infill Radar Project must maintain a Qualification Test Plan in accordance with VVSPT-A2-PDD-013, WJHTC Test and Evaluation Handbook, Version 4.0.

[IFR-QRD-0048] The Infill Radar Project test program must document qualification test approaches and qualification test procedures for all qualification test events.

7.2 Development Test Requirements

Development Test Requirements will be defined prior to the qualification of an infill radar.

7.3 Operational Test Requirements

[IFR-QRD-0049] The Infill Radar Project must conduct Operational Tests to validate the Infill Radar System is suitable and effective for use in the National Airspace System.

[IFR-QRD-0050] The Infill Radar Project must conduct Operational Tests in test environments representative of the expected in-service operational conditions with a representative team of system End Users.

7.4 Site Test Requirements

[IFR-QRD-0051] The Infill Radar Project must conduct Key Site tests at operational sites, representing the fielded configurations.

7.5 Reporting Requirements

[IFR-QRD-0052] The Infill Radar Project must ensure test reports include the tests conducted, the data collected, the data recording and analysis process, the requirement verification and validation status, conclusions, AND recommendations.

[IFR-QRD-0053] The Test Reports must document the status of applicable QRD requirements, Critical Performance Requirements, Critical Operational Issues, AND operational readiness of the Infill Radar Project.

7.6 Test Support Requirements

[IFR-QRD-0054] The Infill Radar Project must update applicable legacy test assets including test tools, test simulations, test adaptations, test configurations, AND test bed environments prior to qualification test conduct when they are impacted by the Infill Radar Project.

[IFR-QRD-0055] The Infill Radar Project must provide any required test assets including test tools, test simulations, test adaptations, test configurations, AND test bed environments prior to conducting qualification tests.

[IFR-QRD-0056] The Infill Radar Project must accredit all test assets prior to conducting qualification tests.

[IFR-QRD-0057] The Infill Radar Project must accredit all test scenarios prior to conducting qualification tests.

[IFR-QRD-0058] The Infill Radar Project must ensure participating test personnel are trained for qualification testing the products under evaluation.

7.7 Critical Operational Issues

[IFR-QRD-0059] The Infill Radar test program activities must address and answer Critical Operational Issues as shown in Table 7-1 prior to In-Service Decision (ISD).

Table 7-1 - Critical Operational Issues COI Critical Operational Issues

1 Mitigate Clutter: Does the infill radar system successfully mitigate clutter, specifically clutter generated from wind turbines?

2 Radar Coverage: Does the infill radar system Coverage Volume support air traffic operations?

3 Radar Performance: Does the performance of the infill radar system support air traffic operations?

False Alarm Rate: Do the number and distribution of False Target Reports from the infill radar allow reliable aircraft detection, identification, and tracking consistent with the air traffic control mission and airspace requirements?

COI Critical Operational Issues

5 Aircraft Separation. Does the infill radar detect closely spaced aircraft with sufficient reliability to allow the controller to maintain separation standards?

Interface to Automation Systems: Is the infill radar system capable of interfacing with the Standard Terminal Automation Replacement System (STARS) automation system?

Performance Monitoring: Does the infill radar system provide proper status to STARS if the infill system is degraded below acceptable performance parameters or when maintenance occurs?

Data Compatibility with Digital Airport Surveillance Radar (DASR): Can STARS align and fuse the infill data with the existing DASR data to provide a single track of the same target?

8 IMPLEMENTATION AND TRANSITION REQUIREMENTS

Implementation and Transition requirements will be defined prior to the qualification of an infill

9 IN-SERVICE SUPPORT AND MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENTS

9.1 Integrated Logistics Support

Integrated Logistics Support requirements will be defined prior to the qualification of an infill radar.

9.2 Maintenance Planning

Maintenance Planning requirements will be defined prior to the qualification of an infill radar.

9.2.1 Field Maintenance Support

Field Maintenance Support requirements will be defined prior to the qualification of an infill radar.

9.2.1.1 Service and System Certification Criteria

Service and System Certification Criteria requirements will be defined prior to the qualification of an infill radar.

9.2.1.2 Remote Maintenance Monitoring

Remote Maintenance Monitoring requirements will be defined prior to the qualification of an infill radar.

9.2.2 Second Level Engineering, Maintenance, and Technical Support Second Level Engineering, Maintenance, and Technical Support requirements will be defined prior to the qualification of an infill radar.

9.2.3 Depot Level Support

Depot Level Support requirements will be defined prior to the qualification of an infill radar.

9.3 Supply Support

Supply Support requirements will be defined prior to the qualification of an infill radar.

9.3.1 Site Sparing

Site Sparing requirements will be defined prior to the qualification of an infill radar.

9.3.2 Life Cycle Provisioning/Depot Spares

Life Cycle Provisioning/Depot Spares requirements will be defined prior to the qualification of an infill radar.

9.3.3 Screening

Screening requirements will be defined prior to the qualification of an infill radar.

9.3.4 Warranty

Warranty requirements will be defined prior to the qualification of an infill radar.

9.3.5 Asset Management

Asset Management requirements will be defined prior to the qualification of an infill radar.

9.4 Packaging, Handling, Storage, and Transportation

Packaging, Handling, Storage and Transportation requirements will be defined prior to the qualification of an infill radar.

9.4.1 Depot Spares

Depot Spare requirements will be defined prior to the qualification of an infill radar.

9.4.2 Barcoding

Barcoding requirements will be defined prior to the qualification of an infill radar.

9.5 Support Equipment Maintenance

Support Equipment Maintenance requirements will be defined prior to the qualification of an infill radar.

9.5.1 Tools and Test Equipment

Tools and Test Equipment requirements will be defined prior to the qualification of an infill radar.

9.6 Direct-Work Maintenance Staffing

Direct-Work Maintenance Staffing requirements will be defined prior to the qualification of an infill radar.

9.7 Maintenance Support Facilities

Maintenance Support Facility requirements will be defined prior to the qualification of an infill radar.

9.8 Training, Training Support, and Personnel Skills

Training, Training Support and Personnel Skills requirements will be defined prior to the qualification of an infill radar.

9.8.1 FAA Academy Training System

FAA Academy Training System requirements will be defined prior to the qualification of an infill radar.

9.9 Technical Data

Technical Data requirements will be defined prior to the qualification of an infill radar.

9.9.1 Manuals and Instructions

Manuals and Instructions requirements will be defined prior to the qualification of an infill

9.9.2 Drawing and Specifications

Drawing and Specification requirements will be defined prior to the qualification of an infill radar.

9.9.3 Escrow Package

Escrow Package requirements will be defined prior to the qualification of an infill radar.

9.9.4 Computer Resources Support

Computer Resources Support requirements will be defined prior to the qualification of an infill

APPENDIX 1: CRITICAL PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS

Critical Performance Requirements (CPRs) are a subset of the overall QRD requirements and represent attributes or characteristics considered essential to meeting the mission needs the program is seeking to satisfy. CPRs also form the basis for the operational framework and performance baseline.

The failure to attain CPRs may degrade product performance, delay the program, or place into question the overall affordability and capability provided by the solution.

REQ_ID Critical Performance Requirement Quantitative/Qualitative Value Type

IFR-QRD-

The infill radar range error must be less than or equal to 275 feet root mean square, including bias.

feet RMS

IFR-QRD-

The infill radar azimuth error must be less than or equal to 0.32 degrees root mean square, including bias.

IFR-QRD-

The infill radar Probability of Detection must be greater than or equal to 80 percent for a 1.0 square meter Radar Cross Section target within the detection volume.

square meters target

IFR-QRD-

When returns are detected from two Swerling 1 targets, separated in range by at least 0.125 nautical miles, on the same azimuth, with the same or different radial velocities located at any point in the Coverage Volume, the infill radar must resolve the two targets, generating two unique target reports 80 percent of the time for any combination of Radar Cross Sections from 1 to 20 square meters provided the larger target's Radar Cross Section is less than 8 dB greater than the smaller target's Radar Cross Section.

square meters target

IFR-QRD-

When returns are detected from two Swerling 1 targets, separated in azimuth by 8.5 degrees, at the same range, with the same or different radial velocities located at any point in the Coverage Volume, the infill radar must resolve the two targets, generating two unique target reports 80 percent of the time for any combination of Radar Cross Sections from 1 to 20 square meters provided the larger target's Radar Cross Section is less than 8 dB greater than the smaller target's Radar Cross Section.

1.0 square meters target

APPENDIX 2: ACRONYMS

Acronym Definition AGL Above Ground Level AMS Acquisition Management System ASR-11 Airport Surveillance Radar Model 11 ASTERIX All Purpose Structured Eurocontrol Surveillance Information Exchange ATC Air Traffic Control CDRL Contract Data Requirements List COI Critical Operational Issue CPR Critical Performance Requirement DASR Digital Airport Surveillance Radar dB Decibel DoD Department of Defense FAA Federal Aviation Administration FAD Functional Analysis Document fPRD Final Program Requirements Document HVAC Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning ICD Interface Control Document IP Internet Protocol ISS Information Systems Security NAS National Airspace System QRD Qualification Requirements Document RCS Radar Cross Section RMA Reliability, Maintainability, and Availability RMS Root Mean Square SME Subject Matter Expert STARS Standard Terminal Automation Replacement System USAF United States Air Force VRTM Verification Requirements Traceability Matrix WJHTC William J. Hughes Technical Center

APPENDIX 3: GLOSSARY TERMS

Term Definition Active Wind Turbines Wind turbines that are spinning.

Cat 034/048 All Purpose Structured Eurocontrol Surveillance Information Exchange

The information and message format used to send/receive data between radar systems in the NAS.

Coverage Volume

The three-dimensional area surveilled by the infill radar system and/or service that includes:

a slant range from 0.5 to at least 20 nautical miles an azimuth greater than or equal to 90 degrees an altitude detection from ground level to 24,000 feet Above Ground Level an elevation greater than 0 degrees to at least 30 degrees with respect to the horizontal plane tangent to the earth at the radar antenna.

Downtime The element of time during which the service provider’s system is not performing its required service functions.

End Users End users include Air Traffic Control Specialist representatives from the FAA and Department of Defense (DoD).

False Target Reports Reports not associated with real aircraft.

Operational Service Availability (Ao)

DowntimeUptime UptimeAo

The sum of Uptime and Downtime is the total time the service is planned to be provided by the service provider.

It excludes time for testing and integration prior to the service being made available for operational use.

Overload Situation Condition during which target loading causes decreased system performance, outside of processing tolerances.

Radar Processing Delay The interval from the time a target is at azimuth boresight to the time a target report is output to the automation system.

Radar Pulses A momentary transmission of radio frequency energy into space.

Term Definition

Scan-to-Scan Correlator A signal processing algorithm to match targets in one radar scan to a subsequent scan.

Split Report Two or more reports from a single aircraft.

Surveillance Data

Messages containing information comprising any combination of Target Reports and/or Service Messages that might be transferred between the infill radar and the automation system. Surveillance Data messages are formatted using the CD-2 format or ASTERIX Cat034 and/or Cat048 format.

Swerling Targets Models of radar targets based on Radar Cross Section fluctuation and non-coherent integration.

Tracker A component of a radar system that associates consecutive radar observations of the same target into positional estimates.

Uptime The element of time during which the service provider’s system is performing its required service functions.

Wind Resource Area An industrial-scale project where wind turbines are located.

APPENDIX 4: REFERENCE DOCUMENTS

RD Section Referenced Document

3 – Functional, Informational, and Performance Requirements

Infill Radar Functional Analysis Hierarchy, September 15, 2021

3.2 – Data and Information Requirements

NAS-IC-34112105 Revision K, Change 1, 6 May 2013 Interface Control Document Airport Surveillance Radar Model 11 (ASR-11) Surveillance to ATC Automation System All- Purpose Structured Eurocontrol Surveillance Information Exchange (ASTERIX) Interface Control Document (ICD) NAS-IC-11013400 September 8, 2020 Guidance for Infill Radar Requirements ASTERIX Data Fields v12, September 9, 2021

4.1.4 – Special Considerations FAA JO 1370.117, National Airspace System (NAS) Internet Protocol (IP) Addressing Policy

7 – Test and Evaluation Requirements FAA Acquisition System Toolset AMS Policy Section 4.4, Test and Evaluation AMS Test and Evaluation Process Guidelines FAA AMS Lifecycle Verification and Validation Guidelines VVSPT-A2-PDD-013, WJHTC Test and Evaluation Handbook, Version 4.0 FAA Order NG 1810.8B, FAA WJHTC's Test and Evaluation Policy

Appendix 5 – Verification Requirements Traceability Matrix

Airport Surveillance Radar Model 11 Final Program Requirements Document, fPRD-PMO- 02-ASR11S3-18-001, Revision-4. October 2, APPENDIX 5: VERIFICATION REQUIREMENTS TRACEABILITY MATRIX

Traceability Each requirement in the Verification Requirements Traceability Matrix (VRTM) is assigned one or more of the fields defined in the VRTM Column Descriptions. The purpose is to provide vertical traceability, horizontal traceability, verification method, and allocation for each requirement. Vertical traceability establishes a relationship between requirements and higher-level enterprise requirements. Horizontal traceability establishes a relationship between products at the same level. Verification Method provides a general method of verification for each requirement but will be refined for each phase of testing as test plans mature.

VRTM Column Descriptions Column Description

PARA_ID Paragraph Identifier: The section or paragraph number of the requirement, e.g., 3.1.2.4. This column is helpful for locating the requirement in the RD main body.

REQ_ID Requirement Identifier: A unique requirement identifier.

REQ_TEXT Requirement Text: The requirement statement.

FAD_ID Functional Analysis Document Identifier: The function identifier used to develop the associated requirement statement.

SOURCE SOURCE: The source validates the need for the requirement (i.e., the

Functional Analysis Document (FAD), Concept of Operations (ConOps), Orders, Standards, SMEs, and Use Cases). As per template instructions, the source is labeled as Not Applicable (N/A) as all requirements are traced back to the FAD.

MOV Method of Verification: The method used to verify the requirement, e.g., Test (T), Inspection (I), Demonstration (D) and/or Analysis (A).

CPR Critical Performance Requirement: Identifies whether the requirement is a CPR or not.

ALLOCATION Allocation: The allocated system, service, program, or organizational element responsible for implementing the requirement.

Verification Each requirement contained in the VRTM is also assigned one or more of the following test verification method(s):

Demonstration (D) Verification is accomplished by operation, adjustment, or reconfiguration of items performing their designed functions under specific scenarios. The items may be instrumented, and quantitative limits of performance monitored, but only observational data rather than actual performance data is required to be recorded for verification.

Demonstration is often used to verify compliance with requirements in servicing, reliability, maintainability, transportability, and human factors engineering.

Test (T) Verification is accomplished, with or without instrumentation, through systematic exercising of the application item under appropriate conditions with the collection, analysis, and evaluation of quantitative data.

Analysis (A) Verification is accomplished through use of one or more of the following analysis techniques to prove an item meets specified requirements include mathematical representation such as math models, algorithms, and equations such as:

- Charts

- Graphs

- Circuit diagrams

- Data reduction/recording

- Representative data (may include data collected from previous or other equipment and system verifications)

Inspection (I) Verification is accomplished by a visual examination of the item, reviewing descriptive documentation, and comparing the appropriate characteristics with predetermined standards to determine conformance to requirements without the use of laboratory equipment or procedures. Examples of verification by inspection are:

- Visual analysis of the item under test, such as displays, cables, and processors.

- Reviewing descriptive documentation such as Contract Data Requirements List

(CDRL) items, contractor data, and engineering drawings.

- Comparing the appropriate characteristics with a predetermined or reference standard such as FAA standards and/or other standards.

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