Attachment_A_to_SOW_-_List_of_engineering_branches.pdf

ATTACHMENT A

LIST OF ENGINEERING BRANCHES

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Engineering is the discipline, art, and profession that applies scientific theory to design, develop, and analyze technological solutions. In the contemporary era, is generally considered to consist of the major basic branches of chemical engineering, civil engineering, electrical engineering and mechanical engineering. (Thompson Klein, Frodeman, & Mitcham, 2010) There are numerous other engineering sub-disciplines and interdisciplinary subjects that are derived from concentrations, combinations, or extensions of the major engineering branches.

Chemical engineering Chemical engineering comprises the application of physical and biological sciences to the process of converting raw materials or chemicals into more useful or valuable forms.

Sub-discipline Scope Major specialties

Biomolecular engineering

Focuses on the manufacturing of biomolecules.

Materials engineering

Involves the properties of matter and its applications to engineering

• Ceramic engineering, the theory and processing of raw oxide material (e.g.

alumina oxide), and advanced material that are polymorphic, polycrystalline, oxide, and non-oxide ceramics

• Crystal engineering, the design and synthesis of molecular solid-state structures

Molecular engineering

Focuses on the manufacturing of molecules.

Process engineering

Focuses on the design, operation, control, and optimization of chemical processes

• Petroleum refinery engineering, the design of processes related to the manufacture of refined products

• Plastics engineering, the design of the production process of plastics products

• Paper engineering, the design of the production process of paper products http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contemporary_era http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomolecular_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomolecular_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomolecule http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materials_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materials_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceramic_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecule http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downstream_(petroleum_industry) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum_product http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastics_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paper_engineering

Civil engineering Civil engineering comprises the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and natural built environments.

Sub-discipline Scope Major specialties

Environmental engineering

The application of engineering to the improvement and protection of the environment

• Ecological engineering, the design, monitoring and construction of ecosystems

• Fire protection engineering, the application of engineering to protect people and environments from fire and smoke

• Sanitary engineering, the application of engineering methods to improve sanitation of human communities

• Hydraulic engineering, the planning, development and maintenance of water resources and the application of hydrology

• Municipal or urban engineering, civil engineering applied to municipal issues such as water and waste management, transportation networks, subdivisions, communications, hydrology, hydraulics, etc.

Geotechnical engineering

Concerned with the behavior of geological materials at the site of a civil engineering project

• Mining engineering, the exploration, extraction and processing of raw materials from the Earth

• Foundation (engineering), the engineering of below ground foundations that support superstructures

• Hydraulic engineering, the design of water retaining systems such as dams and levees

Structural engineering

The engineering of structures that support or resist structural loads

• Earthquake engineering, the behavior of structures subject to seismic loading

• Wind engineering, the analysis of wind and its effects on the built environment

• Architectural engineering, application of engineering principles to building design and construction

• Ocean engineering, the design of offshore structures

Transport engineering

The use of engineering to ensure safe and efficient transportation of people

• Traffic engineering, a branch of transportation engineering focusing on the infrastructure necessary for transportation http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_protection_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanitary_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_resources http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_resources http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipal_or_urban_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geotechnical_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geotechnical_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foundation_(engineering) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dam http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levee http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_load http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquake_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismic_loading http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Built_environment http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architectural_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Offshore_construction http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_engineering_(transportation)

Sub-discipline Scope Major specialties and goods • Highway engineering a branch of engineering that deals with major roadways and transportation systems involving automobiles.

Highway Engineering usually involves the construction and design of highways

• Railway systems engineering

Electrical engineering Electrical engineering comprises the study and application of electricity, electronics and electromagnetism.

Sub-discipline Scope Major specialties

Computer engineering

The design and control of computing devices with the application of electrical systems.

• Software engineering, The application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development, operation, and maintenance of software, and the study of these approaches; that is, the application of engineering to software.

• Hardware engineering, Designing, developing, and testing various computer equipment. Can range from circuit boards and microprocessors to routers.

• Network engineering, Designing, deploying and maintaining computer networks, such as corporate networks or the Internet.

Electronic engineering

The design of circuits that use the electromagnetic properties of electrical components such as resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes and transistors to achieve a particular functionality.

• Control engineering, focuses on the modeling of dynamic systems and the design of controllers using electrical circuits, digital signal processors and microcontrollers

• Telecommunications engineering

Optical engineering

The design of instruments and systems that utilize the properties of electromagnetic radiation.

Power The generation, transmission http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railway_systems_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronics http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetism http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_network http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_circuit http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_model http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_system http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controller_(control_theory) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_engineering

Sub-discipline Scope Major specialties engineering and distribution of electricity, and the design of devices such as transformers, electric generators, electric motors, high voltage engineering and power electronics.

Mechanical engineering Mechanical engineering comprises the design, analysis and usage of heat and mechanical power for the operation of machines and mechanical systems.

Sub-discipline Scope Major specialties

Aerospace Engineering

Also known as Aeronautical engineering, concerns the design, construction, and science of both air and space vehicles, primarily on the systems level. Further concerned with the science of force and physics that are particular only to performance in Earth's atmosphere and the expanse of space.

Acoustical engineering

Concerns the manipulation and control of vibration, especially vibration isolation and the reduction of unwanted sounds

Manufacturing engineering

Concerns dealing with different manufacturing practices and the research and development of systems, processes, machines, tools and equipment.

Thermal engineering

Concerns heating or cooling of processes, equipment, or enclosed environments

Vehicle engineering

The design, manufacture and operation of the systems and equipment that propel and control vehicles

• Automotive engineering, the design, manufacture and operation of motorcycles, automobiles, buses and trucks

• Naval architecture, the design, construction, operation and support of marine vehicles and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerospace_Engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerospace_Engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustical_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustical_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturing_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturing_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naval_architecture

Sub-discipline Scope Major specialties structures

Systems engineering Systems engineering is an interdisciplinary field of engineering that focuses on how to design and manage complex engineering projects over their life cycles. It overlaps technical and human-centered disciplines such as control engineering, industrial engineering, organizational studies, and project management.

Interdisciplinary and specialized fields

Discipline Scope Major specialties

Agricultural engineering

The application of engineering principles to agricultural fields such as farm power and machinery, biological material process, bioenergy, farm structures, and agricultural natural resources

• Bioprocess engineering, the design and development of equipment and processes for the manufacturing of products from biological materials

• Food engineering, concerns food processing, food machinery, packaging, ingredient manufacturing, instrumentation, and control.

• Aquaculture engineering, the study of cultured aquatic species and the production systems used in their culture.

Applied engineering

The field concerned with the application of management, design, and technical skills for the design and integration of systems, the execution of new product designs, the improvement of manufacturing processes, and the management and direction of physical and/or technical functions of a firm or organization. Applied Engineering degree programs typically include instruction in basic engineering principles, project management, industrial processes, production and

• Automation/Control systems/Mechatronics/Robotics

• Computer-aided Drawing & Design

(CADD)

• Construction

• Electronics

• General

• Graphics

• Manufacturing

• Nanotechnology http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultural_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultural_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioprocess_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquaculture_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_engineering_(field) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_engineering_(field) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Management http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product_design http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturing http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_management http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_management http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automation http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_system http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_system http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechatronics http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robotics http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CADD http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Construction http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronics http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphics http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturing http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanotechnology

Discipline Scope Major specialties operations management, systems integration and control, quality control, and statistics.[2]

Biological engineering

The application of engineering principles to the fields of biology and medicine.

• Biomedical engineering, the application of engineering principles and techniques to the medical and biological sciences

• Genetic engineering, the design and development of techniques to directly manipulate an organism's genes

• Biochemical engineering, the design and construction of unit processes that involve biological organisms or molecules

• Tissue engineering

• Protein engineering, the development of useful or valuable proteins

Building services engineering

Building services engineering, technical building services, architectural engineering, or building engineering is the engineering of the internal environment and environmental impact of a building. It essentially brings buildings and structures to life.

• Mechanical engineering, o HVAC: Heating, ventilation and air conditioning o Refrigeration o Plumbing or public health (MEP) engineering: Water services, drainage and plumbing

• Electrical engineering, o Artificial lighting and emergency lighting, o ICT: Communication lines, telephones and IT networks o Low voltage (LV) systems, containment, distribution, distribution boards and switchgear o Lightning protection o Security, CCTV, and alarm systems

• Vertical transportation: Escalators and lifts

• Fire engineering, including fire detection and fire protection

• Natural lighting design

• Building facades engineering

• Energy supply - gas, electricity and renewable sources

Energy engineering

Energy engineering is a broad field of engineering

• Solar engineering, Solar Energy Engineering includes designing and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality_control http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_engineering_branches#cite_note-2 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomedical_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochemical_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tissue_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_services_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_services_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_services_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HVAC http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heating http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventilation_(architecture) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refrigeration http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drainage http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumbing http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_lighting http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_and_Communications_Technology http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_voltage http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distribution_board http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switchgear http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightning http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCTV http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alarm_system http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escalator http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elevator http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_lighting http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facade http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_engineering dealing with energy efficiency, energy services, facility management, plant engineering, environmental compliance and alternative energy technologies. Domain of Energy Engineering expertise combines selective subjects from the fields Chemical, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering. It is an interdisciplinary program which has relativity with electrical, mechanical and chemical engineering building services based on solar energy, solar energy product development, solar PV systems, Solar Product Manufacturing and Solar Systems Integration.

• Wind engineering, Wind engineering analyzes effects of wind in the natural and the built environment and studies the possible damage, inconvenience or benefits which may result from wind. In the field of structural engineering it includes strong winds, which may cause discomfort, as well as extreme winds, such as in a tornado, hurricane or heavy storm, which may cause widespread destruction

Industrial engineering

The design and analysis of logistical and resource systems.

• Manufacturing engineering, the ability to plan the practices of manufacturing, to research and develop the tool, processes, machines and equipment, and to integrate the facilities and systems for producing quality products with optimal expenditure.

• Component engineering, the process of assuring the availability of suitable components required to manufacture a product.

• Systems engineering, focuses on issues such as logistics, the coordination of different teams, automatic control of machinery for complex engineering projects

• Construction engineering, the planning and management of construction projects

• Textile Engineering, The design and analysis of logistical and resource systems, product design, and development.

• Safety engineering, assuring that a life-critical system behaves as needed even when pieces fail

• Reliability engineering, optimizing asset maintenance to minimize whole of life cost

Mechatronics

A hybrid of mechanical and electrical engineering, Commonly intended to examine the design of automation systems.

• Robotics

• Instrumentation engineering

• Avionics, the design of electronics and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturing_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Component_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Construction_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textile_Engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safety_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reliability_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechatronics http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robotics http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumentation_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avionics systems on board an aircraft or spacecraft

Nano engineering

The practice of engineering on the nanoscopic scale

Nuclear engineering

The application of nuclear processes to engineering

Petroleum engineering

The application of engineering principles to drilling for and producing crude oil and natural gas

• Reservoir engineering, the application of scientific principles to study the flow of fluids in underground reservoirs so as to obtain a high economic recovery.

• Drilling engineering, the design and application of equipment and techniques to drill wells.

• Production engineering, the design and application of equipment and techniques to bring well fluids to the surface and then separate out the various components.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanoengineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanoengineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanoscopic_scale http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reservoir_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drilling_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum_production_engineering