Hill Road Bridge.pdf

Office of the State Archaeologist University of Iowa 700 Clinton Street Building Iowa City, Iowa 52242 319-384-0732 archaeology.uiowa.edu

February 7, 2024

Mr. Seth Moore Parks, Forests and Preserves Bureau Iowa Department of Natural Resources 502 East 9th Street Des Moines, IA 50319

Re: Hill Road Bridge Replacement, Cultural Resources Evaluation

Fayette County Technical Report 2660

Dear Mr. Moore:

On January 10, 2024, you requested that I complete a Cultural Resources Evaluation for the above referenced project (Moore 2024). The project proposes replacing the existing, 1957, 18 x 24 ft (5.5 x 7.3

m) precast concrete bridge over an unnamed intermittent Volga River tributary on Hill Road (Figures 1– 3). The existing bridge is not 20 ft (6.1 m) meters long, so it has no FHWA number. It is 67 years old, but is of a standard design and would not been considered eligible under Baynard et al. (2011). However, the State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) now requires an updated determination of eligibility for all bridges related to the 2011 study.

The project is located in the SE1/4, SE1/4, SE1/4, NW1/4, Sec. 14, T93N-R8W, Westfield Township, Fayette County. The project will affect a maximum area of 0.9 ac (0.4 ha), 0.4 ac (0.2 ha) of which will be outside of the existing right of way of Hill Road.

The proposed project is located within the Iowa landform region known as the Paleozoic Plateau (Figure 1, inset). This region of scenic, high relief landscapes includes such features as resistant, bluff-forming bedrock outcrops, deep V-shaped valleys, caves, springs, and sinkholes. Glacial deposits and loess are thin or absent over most of the region. The topography of the area is highly dissected by Mississippi River tributaries that became deeply entrenched during the Wisconsinan. Summits and stream terraces are generally level or rolling, and hillslopes are often steep and rocky. In the western portion of the region, approaching the Silurian Escarpment, the topography becomes less angular as the influence of bedrock decreases and the thickness of loess and drift deposits increases (Prior 1991:87–97).

Holocene alluvial valley fills in Iowa are subdivided on the basis of lithology and stratigraphic relationships into the Gunder, Corrington, Roberts Creek, and Camp Creek members of the DeForest formation (Bettis and Littke 1987). Gunder member alluvium and Corrington member alluvial fans may contain Paleo-Indian through Woodland components; Roberts Creek member deposits may contain Late Archaic through early historic components; and Camp Creek member alluvium may contain buried and unburied historic archaeological components, and may bury older surfaces.

Soils mapped in the project area include the Arenzville-Chaseburg complex and Waukee loam. Arenzville soils are classified as typic udifluvents; typical humid climate fluvially deposited entisols, or recent soils (USDA/NRCS 2024). They are very deep, moderately well drained soils that formed in recent fluvially deposited alluvium on floodplains under forest vegetation, and exhibit A/C/Ab/C profiles. They are characteristic of the Camp Creek member of the DeForest formation (Artz 2005). Chaseburg soils are also classified as typic udifluvents. They are very deep, well drained soils that formed in recent alluvium on floodplains under forest vegetation, and exhibit A/C1/C2/C3/C4 profiles. They are also characteristic of the Camp Creek member of the DeForest formation. Waukee soils are classified as typic hapludolls;

typical humid climate mollisols, or prairie soils. They are very deep, well drained soils that formed in alluvium and outwash on terraces under prairie vegetation, and exhibit Ap/A/Bw1/Bw2/2C1/2C2 profiles.

Artz (2005) characterizes them as glaciofluvial soils.

No NRHP listed or eligible properties are located near the project area. There are no recorded historic architectural sites in or adjacent to the project. Modern and historic aerial photographs depict no buildings or structures in or adjacent to the project area apart from the bridge. One prior archaeological survey abuts the southeastern quadrant of the project area (Kendall and Hawkins 2015). They recorded archaeological site 13FT189, a scatter of historic artifacts on the Volga Riverbank 105 ft (32 m) southeast of the current project area. Four auger tests between 13FT189 and the project area yielded no artifacts. The site was not considered to be NRHP eligible, and no further investigations were recommended for it. Review of the Office of the State Archaeologist’s (OSA) I-Sites application revealed no Notable Locations or Historic Indian Location Database locales near the project area.

I-Sites also revealed 12 recorded archaeological sites in Section 14, T93N-R8W, sites 13FT15, 13FT19, 13FT20, 13FT 27, 13FT29, 13FT35, 13FT37, 13FT40, 13FT44, 13FT181, 13FT182, as well as 13FT189, discussed above. Sites 13FT15–13FT44 were all precontact sites recorded either by Dean Thompson or Clark Mallam (Mallam and Housker 1976), of Luther College, during archaeological surveys in Volga River State Recreation Area. Mallam and Housker recommended test excavations of sites 13FT27, 13FT29, 13FT23, 13FT35, and 13FT37 if they would be disturbed by the construction of a Volga River dam and the creation of Volga Lake. I can find no evidence that any of them were tested, and since the dam and lake were never completed it is likely that they were not. None have been evaluated for NRHP eligibility.

Site 13FT181 was recorded by Christy Rickers (2011), of the OSA, during an archaeological survey of proposed campground improvements and borrow area in Volga River State Recreation Area. It consisted of the archaeological remains of the former town of Albany, to the south of the project area. Rickers discovered that the integrity of the site was poor, but noted that portions of the site outside of the portion that she tested could contain intact deposits. She recommended monitoring during electrical line, ditch, and camp pad installation. She did not evaluate the site for NRHP eligibility. Bryan Kendall (2015) of the OSA conducted auger testing for a utility project at the site. He recommended the portion of the site to be impacted by the project was not NRHP eligible, but agreed with Rickers that other portions of it may be.

Rickers also recorded site 13FT182 during her 2011 survey. It consisted of the archaeological remains of the Albany Volga River dam and mill site. The site was outside of her project area, so it was not evaluated for NRHP eligibility.

The 1848 General Land Office original survey plat for T93N-R8W (ISUGISSRF 2024) showed the Volga River flowing to the west of its current location near the project area with no structures, trails or fields located nearby. If this represents the river’s true 1848 location, then the waterway meandered across the project area sometime after 1848. All other historic maps consulted (Andreas 1970:39; Hixson 1930;

Huebinger 1904:97; Union 1896; Warner and Foote 1879) showed the road that would become known as Hill Road in place on its current alignment and crossing the unnamed intermittent stream at its current location with no structures located within the project area. County histories consulted (Fitch 1910;

Western Historical 1878) provided no additional information on the project area.

Because the bridge is 67 years old and SHPO requires an updated determination of NRHP eligibility, an historic architectural assessment by a Secretary of the Interior-qualified historian is recommended for the existing bridge.

Due to this project’s small size, the negative archaeological survey that abuts its southeastern quadrant, and the possible meandering of the Volga River through it in the nineteenth century, it is recommended that no archaeological survey be required for it. However, should any archaeological materials or features be encountered during construction activities, the SHPO must be notified immediately.

Sincerely, Blane H. Nansel, RPA 10103 Cultural Resources Specialist blane-nansel@uiowa.edu

References Cited

Andreas, Alfred T.

1970 Illustrated Historical Atlas of the State of Iowa. Reprinted. State Historical Society of Iowa, Iowa City. Originally published 1875, Andreas Atlas, Chicago.

Artz, Joe A.

2005 Ackmore to Zwingle: Soil Series of Iowa. Electronic document, https://www.iowaisites.com/soil-series/, accessed February 2, 2024.

Baynard, Kristie, Camilla Deiber, Patti Kuhn, and Mike Yengling 2011 Intensive Architectural Survey of Iowa Primary and Secondary Road Bridges Built between 1942 and 1970. The Louis Berger Group, Inc., Marion, Iowa.

Bettis, E. Arthur III, and John P. Littke

1987 Holocene Alluvial Stratigraphy and Landscape Development in Soap Creek Watershed, Appanoose, Davis, Monroe, and Wapello Counties, Iowa. Open File Report 87-2. Iowa Geological Survey Bureau, Iowa City.

Fitch, George W.

1910 Past and Present of Fayette County, Iowa. B. F. Bowen, Indianapolis

Hixson, W. W.

1930 Plat Book of Fayette County, Iowa. W. W. Hixson, Rockford, Illinois.

Huebinger, Melchior 1804 Atlas of the State of Iowa. Iowa, Davenport, Iowa

Iowa State University Geographic Information Systems Support and Research Facility (ISUGISSRF) 2024 Iowa Geographic Map Server. Iowa State University Geographic Information System Support and Research Facility, Ames. Electronic document, ortho.gis.iastate.edu, accessed February 2, 2024.

Kendall, Bryan 2015 Phase I Intensive Archaeological Investigation of the Proposed Utilities Project, Volga River

State Recreation Area, Sections 9, 14, and 14, T93N-R08W, Fayette County, Iowa. Technical Report 59. Office of the State Archaeologist, The University of Iowa, Iowa City.

Kendall, Bryan, and Alan J. Hawkins 2015 Phase I Archaeological Investigation of the Proposed Frog Hollow Access Project, Volga River

State Recreation Area, Section 14, T93N-R08W, Fayette County, Iowa. Technical Report 128.

Office of the State Archaeologist, The University of Iowa, Iowa City.

Mallam, R. Clark, and Mary Housker 1976 A Cultural Resource Survey of the Volga Lake and Recreation Area, Fayette County, Iowa.

Luther College Archaeological Research Center, Decorah, Iowa.

Moore, Seth

2024 E-mail of January 10, 2024, to Blane H. Nansel, Cultural Resources Specialist, Office of the State Archaeologist, The University of Iowa. Copy on file, Office of the State Archaeologist, The University of Iowa, Iowa City.

Prior, Jean C.

1991 Landforms of Iowa. University of Iowa Press, Iowa City.

Rickers, Christy S.

2011 Phase I Intensive Archaeological Investigation of Proposed Campground Improvements and

Borrow Area, Volga River State Recreation Area, Sections 3, 10 and 14, T93N-R8W, Fayette County, Iowa. Contract Completion Report 1849. Office of the State Archaeologist, The University of Iowa, Iowa City.

Union 1896 Plat Book of Fayette County, Iowa. Union, Philadelphia.

United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service 2024 Official Soil Series Description Data Access. Electronic document, https://soilseries.sc.egov.usda.gov/osdnamequery.asp, accessed February 2, 2024.

Warner, George E., and C. M. Foote 1879 Plat Book of Fayette County, Iowa. Warner and Foote, Indianapolis.

Western Historical 1878 The History of Fayette County, Iowa. Western Historical, Chicago.

Figure 1. Project location (from Open Street Map; inset from Prior 1991).

Figure 2. Base USGS Topo 7.5’ series quadrangle map. Scale = 1:24,000.

Figure 3. Hill Road Bridge photographs. Upper: side view. Lower: approach view. (from Seth Moore).

Appendix I: Iowa SHPO – Reports Citation Form

NADB

Case R&C Number Authors Blane Nansel Title Hill Road Bridge Replacement, Cultural Resources Evaluation, Fayette County Year 2024 Publication Type Report Series Federal Agency Interior Volume Title OSA Technical Report Volume Report 2660 Company Name Office of the State Archaeologist Work Type Desktop Assessment [ 35 ] Archaeological Site(s) County Fayette

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/HRV (Za stvaranje Adobe PDF dokumenata najpogodnijih za visokokvalitetni ispis prije tiskanja koristite ove postavke. Stvoreni PDF dokumenti mogu se otvoriti Acrobat i Adobe Reader 5.0 i kasnijim verzijama.)

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<FEFF005500740069006c0069007a006500200065007300730061007300200063006f006e00660069006700750072006100e700f50065007300200064006500200066006f0072006d00610020006100200063007200690061007200200064006f00630075006d0065006e0074006f0073002000410064006f0062006500200050004400460020006d00610069007300200061006400650071007500610064006f00730020007000610072006100200070007200e9002d0069006d0070007200650073007300f50065007300200064006500200061006c007400610020007100750061006c00690064006100640065002e0020004f007300200064006f00630075006d0065006e0074006f00730020005000440046002000630072006900610064006f007300200070006f00640065006d0020007300650072002000610062006500720074006f007300200063006f006d0020006f0020004100630072006f006200610074002000650020006f002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e0030002000650020007600650072007300f50065007300200070006f00730074006500720069006f007200650073002e> /RUM <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> /RUS 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<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> /SUO 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<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> /UKR <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> /ENU (Use these settings to create Adobe PDF documents best suited for high-quality prepress printing. Created PDF documents can be opened with Acrobat and Adobe Reader 5.0 and later.)

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