ASTM D120-22.pdf

Designation: D120 − 22

Standard Specification for Rubber Insulating Gloves1

This standard is issued under the fixed designation D120; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.

1. Scope

1.1 This specification covers manufacturing and testing of

rubber insulating gloves for protection of workers from elec-trical shock.

1.2 Two types of gloves are provided and are designated as

Type I, non-resistant to ozone, and Type II, resistant to ozone.

1.3 Six classes of gloves, differing in electrical

characteristics, are provided and are designated as Class 00, Class 0, Class 1, Class 2, Class 3, and Class 4.

1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as

standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

See IEEE/ASTM SI 10.

1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the

test method portion, Sections 16, 17, 18, and 19, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

For a specific warning statement, see 18.2.

1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-

dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

2. Referenced Documents

2.1 ASTM Standards:2

D297 Test Methods for Rubber Products—Chemical Analy-sis

D412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplas-tic Elastomers—Tension

D573 Test Method for Rubber—Deterioration in an Air Oven

D624 Test Method for Tear Strength of Conventional Vul-canized Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomers

D1415 Test Method for Rubber Property—International Hardness

D2240 Test Method for Rubber Property—Durometer Hard-ness

F819 Terminology Relating to Electrical Protective Equip-ment for Workers

IEEE/ASTM SI 10 American National Standard for Metric Practice

3. Terminology

3.1 Definitions:

3.1.1 color splash—a splash, smear, or streak of contrasting color evident on the inside or outside surface of the gloves that was deposited during the dipping operation and is vulcanized into the glove as part of the homogenous compound.

3.1.2 glove cuff roll—the roll or reinforced edge of an insulating glove at the cuff.

3.1.3 halogenation treatment—exposure of the entire glove surface area to a halogen for the purpose of reducing surface friction.

3.1.4 ozone—a very active form of oxygen that may be produced by corona, arcing, or ultraviolet rays.

3.1.5 user—the employer or entity purchasing the equip-ment to be utilized by workers for their protection; in the absence of such an employer or entity, the individual purchas-ing and utilizing the protective equipment.

3.1.6 working area—all finger and thumb crotches, the palm (area between the wrist and the base of the finger and thumb) and the area of the finger and thumb facing the palm not extending beyond the center line of the crotch. See Fig. 1.

3.1.7 For definitions of other terms, refer to Terminology

F819.

1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F18 on Electrical Protective Equipment for Workers and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F18.15 on Worker Personal Equipment. This standard replaces ANSI Standard J 6.6, which is no longer available.

Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2022. Published March 2022. Originally approved in 1921. Last previous edition approved in 2021 as D120 – 21. DOI:

10.1520/D0120-22.

2 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4. Significance and Use

4.1 This specification covers the minimum electrical, chemical, and physical properties guaranteed by the manufac-turer and the detailed procedures by which such properties are to be determined. The purchaser has the option to perform or have performed any of these tests in order to verify the guarantee. Claims for failure to meet the specification are subject to verification by the manufacturer.

4.2 Gloves are used for personal protection; therefore, when

authorizing their use, a margin of safety shall be allowed between the maximum voltage on which they are used and the proof-test voltage at which they are tested. The relationship between proof-test voltage and the maximum voltage at which the gloves shall be used is shown in Table 1.

4.3 Work practices vary from user to user and are dependent

upon many factors. These may include, but are not limited to, operating system voltages, construction design, work proce-dure techniques, weather conditions, and so forth. Therefore, except for the restriction set forth in this specification because of design limitations, the use and maintenance of this equip-ment is beyond the scope of this specification.

4.4 It is common practice and the responsibility of the user

of this type of protective equipment to prepare complete instructions and regulations to govern the correct and safe use of such equipment.

5. Classification

5.1 Gloves covered under this specification shall be desig-

nated as Type I or Type II; Class 00, Class 0, Class 1, Class 2, Class 3, or Class 4.

5.1.1 Type I, non-resistant to ozone, made from a high-grade

cis-1,4-polyisoprene rubber compound of natural or synthetic origin, properly vulcanized.

5.1.2 Type II, ozone-resistant made of any elastomer or

combination of elastomeric compounds.

5.1.3 The class designation shall be based on the electrical

properties as shown in Table 2 and Table 3.

6. Ordering Information

6.1 Orders for gloves under this specification should include the following information:

6.1.1 Type,

6.1.2 Class,

6.1.3 Length, Fig. 2

6.1.4 Size,

6.1.5 Color,

6.1.6 Cuff design, and

6.1.7 With or without a halogenation treatment.

6.2 The listing of types, classes, lengths, sizes, colors, and cuff designs is not intended to mean that all shall necessarily be available from manufacturers; it signifies only that, if made, they shall conform to the details of this specification.

FIG. 1 Working Area of a Rubber Insulating Glove

TABLE 1 Proof-Test/Use Voltage Relationship

Class of Glove AC Proof-Test

Voltage, rms, V

Maximum AC Use Voltage ac rms, V

DC Proof-Test Voltage, avg, V

Maximum DC Use Voltage avg, V

00 2 500 500 10 000 750 0 5 000 1 000 20 000 1 500 1 10 000 7 500 40 000 11 250 2 20 000 17 000 50 000 25 500 3 30 000 26 500 60 000 39 750 4 40 000 36 000 70 000 54 000

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7. Manufacture and Marking

7.1 The gloves shall be produced by a seamless process.

7.2 The gloves shall have a smooth finish and the cuff edges

shall be finished with a roll or a reinforcing strip of rubber, unless otherwise specified.

7.3 Each glove shall be marked clearly and permanently

with the name of the manufacturer or supplier, ASTM D120, type, class, and size. All such marking shall be confined to the cuff portion of the glove and shall be nonconducting and applied in such a manner as to not impair the required properties of the glove.

7.3.1 Each glove shall be marked with a label that gives the

information specified in 7.3. This label shall be the color specified for each voltage class: Class 00—beige, Class 0—red, Class 1—white, Class 2—yellow, Class 3—green, and Class 4—orange.

7.4 At the request of the user, the gloves may be given a

halogenation treatment to reduce surface friction. This treat-ment shall have no detrimental effect on the electrical, chemical, or physical properties of the gloves.

8. Dimensions and Permissible Variations

8.1 Sample gloves selected in accordance with 13.2 shall

fall within the thickness limits specified in Table 4, when determined in accordance with 17.1.

8.2 Sample gloves selected in accordance with 13.2 shall

conform to standard sizes when determined in accordance with

17.2. Standard sizes are 203 mm (8 in.), 216 mm (81⁄2 in.), 229 mm (9 in.), 241 mm (91⁄2 in.), 254 mm (10 in.), 267 mm (101⁄2 in.), 279 mm (11 in.), 292 mm (111⁄2 in.), and 305 mm (12 in.).

The permissible variation in size shall be 613 mm (61⁄2 in.).

8.3 Sample gloves selected in accordance with 13.2 shall

conform to standard lengths when measured in accordance with 17.3.

8.3.1 Standard lengths for Class 00 gloves are 280 mm (11

in.), and 360 mm (14 in.). The permissible variations shall be 613 mm (61⁄2 in.).

8.3.2 Standard lengths for Class 0 gloves are 280 mm (11

in.), 360 mm (14 in.), 410 mm (16 in.), and 460 mm (18 in.).

The permissible variations shall be 613 mm (61⁄2 in.).

8.3.3 Standard lengths for Class 1, 2, and 3 gloves are 360

mm (14 in.), 410 mm (16 in.), and 460 mm (18 in.). The permissible variation shall be 613 mm (61⁄2 in.).

8.3.4 Standard lengths for Class 4 gloves are 410 mm (16

in.) and 460 mm (18 in.). The permissible variation shall be 613 mm (61⁄2 in.).

9. Workmanship and Finish

9.1 Gloves shall be free on both inner and outer surface of

harmful physical irregularities that can be detected by thorough test and inspection.

9.1.1 Harmful physical irregularities may be defined as any

feature that disrupts the uniform, smooth surface contour and represents a potential hazard to the user, such as pinholes, cracks, blisters, cuts, conductive embedded foreign matter, creases, pinch marks, voids (entrapped air), prominent ripples, and prominent mold marks.

9.2 Nonharmful physical irregularities may be defined as

surface irregularities present on the inner and outer surfaces of the rubber glove due to imperfections on forms or molds and inherent difficulties in the manufacturing process. These irregu-larities may appear as mold marks that look like cuts even though they are actually a raised ridge of rubber, indentations, protuberances, embedded foreign material, or color splashes that are acceptable provided that:

9.2.1 The indentations, protuberance or mold marks tend to

blend into a smooth slope upon stretching of the material.

9.2.2 The rubber thickness at any irregularity conforms to

the thickness requirements.

9.2.3 Foreign material remains in place when the glove is

folded and stretched with the material surrounding it.

9.2.4 Color splashes are no larger than 1 mm in any

direction on the inner surface of the work area.

9.2.4.1 The working area is defined as all finger and thumb

crotches, the palm (area between the wrist and the base of the finger and thumb) and the area of the finger and thumb facing the palm not extending beyond the center line of the crotch.

See Fig. 1.

TABLE 2 AC Voltage Requirement Proof Test CurrentsA

Class of Glove

Proof-Test Voltage, rms, V

Minimum Breakdown

Voltage, rms, V

Maximum Proof-Test Current, mA

280 mm (11-in.) Glove

360 mm (14-in.) Glove

410 mm (16-in.) Glove

460 mm (18-in.) Glove

50 Hz 60 Hz 50 Hz 60 Hz 50 Hz 60 Hz 50 Hz 60 HZ

00 2 500 4 000 6.7 8 10 12 B B B B

0 5 000 6 000 6.7 8 10 12 11.7 14 13.3 16 1 10 000 20 000 ... ... 11.7 14 13.3 16 15 18 2 20 000 30 000 ... ... 13.3 16 15 18 16.7 20 3 30 000 40 000 ... ... 15 18 16.7 20 18.3 22 4 40 000 50 000 ... ... ... ... 18.3 22 20 24

A Proof test current shall be measured to an accuracy of ±1 mA.

B Not applicable.

TABLE 3 DC Voltage Requirements

Class of Glove Proof-Test

Voltage avg V Minimum Breakdown

Voltage avg V

00 10 000 13 000 0 20 000 35 000 1 40 000 60 000 2 50 000 70 000 3 60 000 80 000 4 70 000 90 000

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10. Chemical and Physical Requirements

10.1 Glove test material taken from sample gloves selected

in accordance with 13.3 shall conform to physical requirements in Table 5 and the accelerated aging in 19.2.6.

10.2 In the event of a dispute, the identification of the rubber polymer in Type I gloves shall be performed in accordance with 19.1.

10.3 Type II glove test material taken from sample gloves

selected in accordance with 13.3 shall show no visible effects of ozone when tested in accordance with 18.6. Any visible signs of ozone deterioration of the glove material, such as checking, cracking, breaks, pitting, and so forth, shall be considered as evidence of failure to meet the requirements of Type II gloves.

11. Electrical Requirements

11.1 Each glove shall be given a proof test and shall

withstand the 50-Hz or 60–Hz AC proof-test voltage (rms value) or the dc proof-test voltage (average value) specified in Table 2 or Table 3. The proof test shall be performed in accordance with Section 18. The test voltage shall be applied continuously for 3 min.

11.1.1 When the ac proof test is used, the 60-Hz proof-test

current shall not exceed the values specified in Table 2 at any time during the test period. (Note 1).

11.2 Sample gloves selected in accordance with 13.2 shall

not break down at voltages below those specified in Table 2 or Table 3 when tested in accordance with Section 18.

11.2.1 Gloves that have been subjected to a minimum

breakdown voltage test shall not be used for electric protection.

Proof test current shall be measured to an accuracy of 61 mA.

11.3 Sample gloves selected in accordance with 13.2 shall

be subjected to a 50-Hz or 60–Hz AC moisture absorption/ proof test in accordance with Section 18.

11.3.1 The 50-Hz or 60–Hz AC proof test current shall not

exceed the values specified in Table 2 by more than 2 mA.

NOTE 1—A proof-test current is an indication of the validity of the glove make-up, the dielectric constant of the type of material used, the thickness, and the total contact area under test.

12. Guarantee

12.1 The manufacturer or supplier shall replace, without

charge to the purchaser, unused gloves which, at any time within a period of nine (9) months from date of initial delivery of shipment to the purchaser or his designee, fail to pass the tests in this specification. This guarantee will be binding on the manufacturer or supplier only if the gloves have been properly stored and have not been subjected to more than an original acceptance test and one retest.

FIG. 2 Length and Contour Measurements on Contour Cuff Gloves

TABLE 4 Thickness Measurements

Class of Glove

Minimum Thickness Maximum Thickness

In Crotch Other Than Crotch mm in. mm in. mm in.

00 0.20 0.008 0.25 0.010 0.75 0.030 0 0.46 0.018 0.51 0.020 1.02 0.040 1 0.63 0.025 0.76 0.030 1.52 0.060 2 1.02 0.040 1.27 0.050 2.29 0.090 3 1.52 0.060 1.90 0.075 2.92 0.115 4 2.03 0.080 2.54 0.100 3.56 0.140

TABLE 5 Physical Requirements

Property Type I Type II

Tensile strength, min, Die C, MPa (psi) 17.2 (2500) 10.3 (1500) Tensile stress at 200 %, max, MPa (psi) 2.1 (300) 2.1 (300) Ultimate elongation, min, % 600 500 Tension set, max at 400, % 25 25 Tear resistance, min, kN/m (lbf/in.) 21 (120) 14 (80) Puncture resistance, min, kN/m (lbf/in.) 18 (100) 18 (100) Hardness, max, shore A 47 47

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12.2 Any acceptance test made by the purchaser, or the

purchaser’s designee, shall be performed within the first two

(2) months of the guarantee period unless otherwise specified.

NOTE 2—Proper storage means that gloves are stored right side out, not distorted and not stored directly above or in proximity to steam pipes, radiators, or other sources of artificial heat, or exposed to direct sunlight or other sources of ozone. It is desirable that the ambient storage temperature shall not exceed 35 °C (95 °F).

13. Sampling

13.1 Each glove in a lot or shipment shall be subjected to

inspection and test to meet the requirements of Sections 7, 11.1, 9, and 15.

13.2 An original sample of 1 % of the lot or shipment or not

less than two gloves, whichever is greater, shall be selected at random from the lot or shipment for the test requirements of 11.2, 11.3 and Section 8. Where a failure occurs in the first sample, a second sample of the same quantity shall be selected and tested.

13.3 An original sample of 0.1 % of the lot or shipment or

not less than two gloves, whichever is greater, shall be selected at random from the lot or shipment for the test requirements of Sections 10.1 and 10.3.

14. Rejection

14.1 Individual gloves shall be rejected if they fail to meet the requirements of Sections 7, 9 and 11.1 and the minimum thickness requirements of 8.1.

14.2 Individual gloves may be rejected at the option of the

purchaser if they fail to meet the requirements of Sections 8 and 15.

14.3 The entire lot or shipment of gloves shall be rejected

under any of the following conditions:

14.3.1 If 5 % or more, but not less than two gloves, in a lot or shipment fail to meet the requirements of 11.1.

14.3.2 If two gloves in the first sample fail to meet the

requirements of 11.2.

14.3.3 If one glove in the original sample and one or more

gloves in the second sample fail to meet the requirements of 11.2.

14.3.4 If the sample of Type II gloves, using the sampling

methods of 13.3, fails to meet the requirements of 10.3.

14.3.5 If the proof test current on two gloves in the first

sample do not meet the requirements of 11.3.

14.3.6 If the proof test current on one glove in the original sample and the proof test current on one or more gloves in the second sample fail to meet the requirements of 11.3.

14.4 The testing shall be terminated and the manufacturer or

supplier notified if, during the course of testing, the gloves in a lot or shipment fail to meet the requirements of 10.3, 11.1, 11.2, or 11.3 as determined by the rejection criteria of 14.3.1, 14.3.2, 14.3.314.3.4, 14.3.5, or 14.3.6. The manufacturer or supplier may in such a case require the purchaser to submit proof that the test procedure and equipment conform to the appropriate paragraphs of Section 18. When such proof has been furnished, the manufacturer or supplier may request that his representative witness the testing of additional gloves from the shipment.

14.5 The entire lot or shipment may be rejected at the option of the purchaser if two specimens of the first sample and one of the second sample, selected in accordance with 13.3, fail any of the separate requirements outlined in Section 10.

14.6 The entire lot or shipment of gloves may be rejected at

the option of the purchaser if 25 % of the gloves in the lot or shipment fail to meet the requirements of Section 8 or 9.

14.7 All rejected material shall be returned as directed by

the manufacturer, at his or the supplier’s request, without being defaced by rubber stamp or other permanent marking.

However, those gloves punctured when tested in accordance with 11.1, 11.2, and 11.3 shall be stamped, punched, or cut prior to being returned to the supplier to indicate that they are unfit for electrical use.

15. Packaging and Package Marking

15.1 Each pair of gloves shall be packaged in an individual

container of sufficient strength to properly protect the gloves from damage in transit. The end of the container shall be marked with the name of the manufacturer or supplier, type, class, length, size, color, and cuff design.

TEST METHODS

16. Sequence of Testing

16.1 The following order of procedure is suggested for

testing rubber insulating gloves:

16.1.1 Inspection of the surfaces in accordance with Section

9.

16.1.2 The dimensions in accordance with Section 17.

16.1.3 Electrical proof tests in accordance with 18.4.2 or

18.5.2.

16.1.4 AC moisture absorption/proof test in accordance

with 18.4.4.

16.1.5 Breakdown voltage tests in accordance with 18.4.3

or 18.5.3.

16.1.6 Ozone resistance tests in accordance with 18.6.

16.1.7 Chemical and physical property tests in accordance

with Section 19.

17. Dimension Measurements

17.1 Thickness:

17.1.1 Thickness measurements shall be made at four or

more points on the palm side, four or more points on the back side, one or more points in the crotch of the thumb and index finger, and one or more points in the crotches between the fingers. See Table 4.

17.1.2 Thickness measurements shall be made on complete

gloves with a micrometer graduated to within 0.025 mm (0.001 in.), having an anvil about 6 mm (0.25 in.) in diameter and a presser foot of 3.17 mm 6 0.25 mm (0.125 in. 6 0.010 in.) in diameter. The presser foot shall exert a total force of 0.83 N 6

0.03 N (3.0 ozf 6 0.1 ozf).

NOTE 3—A dial-type micrometer graduated in millimetres or inches and

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mounted in a manner similar to that shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 is particularly convenient for making these measurements.

17.1.3 Make sample test specimen thickness measurements

with a similar micrometer, except that the anvil shall be at least 38 mm (1.5 in.) in diameter or, if having a smaller anvil, be provided with equivalent means of supporting the specimen in a flat position. In addition, the presser foot shall be 6.3 mm 6

0.3 mm (0.25 in. 6 0.010 in.) in diameter.

17.2 Size shall be the interior circumference of the glove

measured on a line parallel to the finger crotches and passing through the thumb crotch. The method of determining this dimension shall be to measure the outside width, W, at this line with the hand of the glove in a flattened state, subtract twice the median glove thickness, T, in the hand, and multiply this difference by a factor of 2:

S 5 2 ~W 2 2T!

where:

S = size of the glove, W = outside width, and T = median glove thickness.

17.3 Length:

17.3.1 Length shall be measured with the glove in a relaxed

position and the edge of the cuff perpendicular to the line of measurement. Length is the distance from the tip of the second finger to the outside edge of the cuff as shown in Fig. 2 and Fig.

5.

17.3.2 Measure the difference in lengths for contour cuff

gloves with the glove in the same position and along a line parallel to the length dimensions, as shown in Fig. 2.

FIG. 3 Dial-Type Micrometer for Measuring Glove Thickness

FIG. 4 Dial-Type Micrometer for Measuring Glove Thickness at Fingertips

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18. Electrical Tests

18.1 All electrical tests shall be performed at room tempera-ture. The gloves, right side out, shall be filled with tap water and immersed in water to a depth in compliance with Table 6 for the test voltage to be used. The water level during the test shall be the same inside and outside the glove. The water inside the glove that forms one test electrode shall be connected to one terminal of the voltage source by means of a chain or sliding rod that dips into the water. The water in the tank outside the glove that forms the other electrode shall be connected directly to the other terminal of the voltage source.

The water shall be free of air bubbles and air pockets inside or outside the glove, and the exposed portion of the glove above the water line shall be dry. Water used as electrodes shall have a minimum conductance of 100 µS/cm.

NOTE 4—Both ac and dc voltage proof-test methods are included in this section. It is intended that one method be selected for the electrical tests.

The method selected shall be at the option of the purchaser, and the supplier should be so notified of the selection.

18.2 Warning—It is recommended that the test apparatus

be designed to afford the operator full protection in perfor-mance of his duties. Reliable means of de-energizing and grounding the high-voltage circuit shall be provided. It is particularly important to incorporate a positive means of grounding the high-voltage section of dc test apparatus due to the likely presence of high-voltage capacitance charges at the conclusion of the test.

18.3 Test Equipment:

18.3.1 The test equipment used in the proof, acceptance, and dielectric breakdown tests shall be capable of supplying an essentially stepless and continuously variable voltage to the test specimen. Motor-driven regulating equipment is conve-nient and tends to provide uniform rate-of-rise to the test voltage. The test apparatus or each position, or both, should be protected by an automatic circuit-breaking device designed to open promptly on the current produced by breakdown of a specimen under test. This circuit breaking device should be designed to protect the test equipment under any conditions of short circuit. The equipment shall be inspected at least annually to ensure that the general condition of the equipment is acceptable and to verify the characteristics and accuracy of the test voltages. Calibrate the test equipment at least annually with traceability to NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology).

18.3.1.1 To eliminate damaging ozone and possible flash-

over along the glove cuff, there should be a sufficient flow of air into and around the glove and an exhaust system to adequately remove ozone from the test machine. Consistent ozone cutting and checking during the test procedure should be cause to ascertain the adequacy of the exhaust system.

18.3.1.2 Glove failure indicators or accessory circuits shall be designed to give positive indication of failure and shall require resetting by the operator before tests can be continued.

18.4 AC Tests:

18.4.1 Voltage Supply and Regulation:

18.4.1.1 The desired test voltage may be obtained most

readily from a step-up transformer energized from a variable low-voltage source. The transformer and its control equipment shall be of such size and design that, with the test specimen in the circuit, the crest factor (ratio of maximum to mean effective) of the test voltage shall differ by not more than 5 % from that of a sinusoidal wave over the upper half of the range of the test voltage.

18.4.1.2 The accuracy of the voltage measuring circuit shall

be within 61 kV of the test voltage. The ac voltage applied to the test specimen shall be measured with either an ac voltmeter

FIG. 5 Length Measurement on Standard Cuff Glove

TABLE 6 Clearances—Cuff to Water Line A ,B

AC DC

Class of Glove

Proof Test Breakdown Proof Test Breakdown mm in. mm in. mm in. mm in.

00 38 11⁄2 38 11⁄2 38 11⁄2 51 2 0 38 11⁄2 38 11⁄2 38 11⁄2 51 2 1 38 11⁄2 64 21⁄2 51 2 102 4 2 64 21⁄2 76 3 76 3 127 5 3 89 31⁄2 102 4 102 4 152 6 4 127 5 165 61⁄2 153 6 178 7

A Permissible tolerance clearance – Cuff to water ±13 mm (±1⁄2 in.).

B In those cases where atmospheric conditions make the specified clearances impractical, the clearances may be increased by a maximum of 25 mm (1 in.).

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(RMS or average responding) or a peak responding voltmeter calibrated to pk/SQRT2 using one of the following methods:

(1) a voltmeter used in conjunction with a calibrated instrument transformer connected directly across the high-voltage circuit,

(2) a calibrated electrostatic voltmeter connected directly across the high-voltage circuit, or (3) an ac meter connected in series with appropriate high-voltage type resistors directly across the high-voltage circuit.

18.4.1.3 The crest factor may be checked by the use of a

peak-reading voltmeter connected directly across the high-voltage circuit; or, if an electrostatic voltmeter or a voltmeter in conjunction with an instrument potential transformer is con-nected across the high-voltage circuit, a standard sphere gap may be sparked over and the corresponding voltage compared with the reading of the rms voltmeter.

18.4.1.4 The proof-test current shall be measured by insert-

ing a milliammeter in series with each individual glove. The reading should be taken near the end of the proof-test period.

18.4.2 AC Proof Tests:

18.4.2.1 Each glove shall be given a proof test in accor-

dance with the requirements of 11.1. The proof-test voltage shall be applied initially at a low value and increase at a constant rate-of-rise of approximately 1000 V/s until the prescribed test voltage level is reached, or failure occurs. The test period starts at the instant that the prescribed testing voltage is reached. The applied voltage should be reduced to at least half value, unless an electrical failure has occurred, at the end of the test period before opening the test circuit.

18.4.3 AC Breakdown Test:

18.4.3.1 Each sample selected in accordance with 13.2 shall

be given a breakdown test as specified in 11.2. The voltage shall be applied at a low value and increase at a constant rate-of-rise of approximately 1000 V/s until the prescribed minimum breakdown voltage is reached or failure occurs. The maximum voltage observed prior to failure shall be considered as the breakdown voltage.

18.4.4 AC Moisture Absorption/Proof Test:

18.4.4.1 Each sample selected in accordance with 13.2 shall

be given an AC moisture absorption/proof test as specified in

11.3. Sample gloves that have passed the ac proof test

requirement of 18.4.2 shall be placed in the test equipment, immersed in water in accordance with 18.1 and soaked for 16

h. Alternately, the gloves may be soaked by submerging completely in water without trapping air and then transferring them directly to the test equipment in accordance with 18.1.

The gloves will be soaked for 16 continuous hours at room temperature. Immediately after the soak period, the proof test voltage shall then be applied initially at a low value and increased at a constant rate-of-rise of approximately 1000 V/s until the prescribed test voltage level is reached or failure occurs. The proof test current shall then be measured and recorded. The applied voltage shall then be reduced to at least half value, unless an electrical failure has occurred, before opening the test circuit.

NOTE 5—If an alternate method is used, ensure that the clearance area is dry to avoid flashover.

18.5 DC Tests:

18.5.1 Voltage Supply and Regulation:

18.5.1.1 The dc test voltage shall be obtained from a dc

source capable of supplying the required voltage. The peak to peak ac ripple component of the dc proof-test voltage shall not exceed 2 % of the average voltage value under no-load conditions.

18.5.1.2 Measure the dc proof-test voltage by a method that

provides the average value of the voltage applied to the test specimen. It is recommended that the voltage be measured by the use of a dc meter connected in series with appropriate high-voltage type resistors across the high-voltage circuit. An electrostatic voltmeter of proper range may be used in place of the dc meter-resistor combination. The accuracy of the voltage measuring circuit shall be within 61 kV of the test voltage.

18.5.2 DC Proof Test:

18.5.2.1 Each glove shall be given a proof test in accor-

dance with the requirements of 11.1. The dc proof-test voltage shall be applied in the same manner as for ac proof tests except with a rate-of-rise of approximately 3000 V/s.

18.5.3 DC Breakdown Test:

18.5.3.1 The dc breakdown tests shall be performed in the

same way as ac breakdown tests except with a rate-of-rise of approximately 3000 V/s.

18.6 Ozone Resistance Test—The ozone resistance test shall

be made in accordance with the following method to ensure conformance of Type II gloves with the requirements of 10.3.

18.6.1 The ozone resistance test shall be made on a 100 mm

by 150 mm (4-in. by 6-in.) specimen of the glove material prepared from a sample suitably conditioned by lying flat for 24 h. The specimen should be draped over a 25 mm (1-in.)

diameter metal tube of sufficient length to completely underlie the specimen, while possessing additional length for the required mounting supports. The metal tubing shall be electri-cally grounded. The free ends of the specimen shall be clamped beneath the tubing electrode so that an intimate contact is established between the specimen and the tubing along the upper half of the cylindrically-shaped electrode surface.

18.6.2 A piece of flat aluminum sheet foil, approximately 50

mm by 100 mm (2 in. by 4 in.), shall be placed over the draped specimen so as to provide adequate separation distance to prevent flashover between the foil and the metal tubing. An electrode wire shall be connected to the aluminum foil.

18.6.3 The outer electrode (metal foil) shall be energized to 15 kV ac (rms) from a stable 60-Hz source. The 15 kV potential may be derived from a suitably rated potential transformer energized from its low-voltage winding through a continuously variable autotransformer. An overcurrent protec-tive device should be incorporated into the low-voltage control circuit in case of an electrical breakdown.

18.6.4 The ozone resistance of the specimen should be

determined qualitatively, by inspection, after a 1-h exposure period in the test apparatus at the 15 kV potential. At least two specimens from each sample glove selected in accordance with

13.2 shall be tested. Two specimens should not be taken from the same section of the sample glove.

NOTE 6—The rate of ozone degradation is inversely proportional to the relative humidity of the surrounding air. Empirical data indicate, however, that visible ozone effects will be evident over a broad range of ambient humidities under these test conditions.

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19. Chemical and Physical Tests

19.1 Chemical Tests:

19.1.1 The composition of the rubber hydrocarbon portion

of Type I gloves may be determined in accordance with the test method in Methods D297.

19.2 Physical Tests:

19.2.1 Physical tests should be performed to determine the

physical requirements specified in Section 10. The glove samples should be conditioned by storing in a flat position for 24 h at a room temperature of 23 6 4 °C (73 6 7 °F).

19.2.2 The tensile strength, tensile stress at 200 % of

elongation, and tension set tests shall be performed in accor-dance with Test Methods D412, except for elongation time.

The test specimen shall conform in dimensions to Die C. The elongation in the tension set shall be 400 % with grip separa-tion at a rate of 500 mm 6 50 mm (20 in. 6 2)/min.

19.2.3 The tear resistance test shall be performed in accor-

dance with Test Method D624. The test specimen shall conform to the dimensions of Die C.

19.2.4 The puncture resistance test shall be performed to

determine the ability of the glove material to withstand puncture.

19.2.4.1 A glove specimen shall be cut to fit between the

opposing faces of two flat metal plates having concentric openings. The thickness of each test specimen shall be mea-sured at its approximate center using a micrometer having the characteristics described in Test Methods D412. One of the plates shall have a circular opening 6 mm (0.25 in.) in diameter to allow the passage of a stainless steel needle. The other plate shall have an opening 25 mm (1.0 in.) in diameter to provide a fixed free area through which the specimen can elongate while being subjected to the pressure of the needle point. The edges of the openings should be rounded to a radius of approximately 0.8 mm (0.03 in.). The needle shall be made from 5 mm (0.19-in.) diameter Type 304 stainless steel rod.

The rod should be machined at one end to produce a taper with an included angle of 12° with the tip of the tapered end rounded to a radius of 0.8 mm (0.03 in.). The needle shall be initially positioned perpendicularly to the specimen so that the point contacts the specimen through the small hole in the plate. The needle shall be driven into and through the specimen at a continuous rate of approximately 8.3 mm/s (20 in./min). The maximum force required to perform the puncturing operation shall be measured to the nearest 2 N (0.5 lbf). The puncture resistance shall be calculated by dividing the puncturing force by the specimen thickness and recorded in units of newtons per metre (or pounds-force per inch).

19.2.5 The durometer test shall be performed in accordance

with Test Method D1415 or Test Method D2240, using a Type A durometer.

19.2.6 The accelerated aging tests shall be performed in

accordance with Test Method D573. After being subjected to a temperature of 70 6 2 °C (158 6 3.6 °F) in circulating air for 7 days, the tensile strength and elongation of the specimen shall not be less than 80 % of the original.

20. Keywords

20.1 electrical insulating gloves; lineman; lineman protec-tive equipment

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