Attachment_7_-_Radon_Survey.pdf

Prepared by

Repair Family Housing, Multiple Locations Okinawa, Japan

CAMP KINSER (136 UN)

Tower 871 Tower 872 Contract No. FA8903-15-D-0012

TO 12

Projects:

#NYJS 174502

#NYJS 174503

March 2017

Final Design Phase Radon Survey Report

Attachment 5

FA5270-17-B-0001 Attachment 7

Page Intentionally Left Blank

FINAL

Activity Report for Limited Radon Survey Conducted in Support of

Design Repair Family Housing, Multiple Locations

Okinawa, Japan

AFCEC AE-13 DCS CONTRACT FA8903-15-D-0012

TASK ORDER 0012

Prepared for:

Prepared by:

February 2017

Page i Final Activity Report for Limited Radon Survey Repair Family Housing, Okinawa

Table of Contents

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Project Background

1.2 Disclaimer

1.3 Deviations

2.0 SURVEY RESULTS

2.1 Short Term Monitoring

2.2 Interference

2.3 Quality Assurance and Quality Control Measurements - Duplicates

3.0 INSPECTION OF EXISTING MITIGATION SYSTEM

4.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

4.1 Summary

4.2 Recommendations

4.2.1 Monitoring

4.2.2 Mitigation

4.2.3 Operation and Maintenance Plan

5.0 REFERENCED PUBLICATIONS

Page ii Final Activity Report for

Repair Family Housing, Okinawa

ACROYNMS

AARST American Association of Radon Scientists and Technicians

ANSI American National Standards Institute

CRM Continuous Radon Monitor

EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

HVAC heating, ventilation and air conditioning

MAMF-2012 Protocol for Conducting Radon and Radon Decay Product Measurements in Multifamily Buildings

NRPP National Radon Proficiency Program

OTIE Oneida Total Integrated Enterprises pCi/L picocuries per liter

RPD Relative Percent Difference

RMS Radon Mitigation Standards

SAP Sampling and Analysis Plan

Page 1 Final Activity Reort for

Repair Family Housing, Okinawa

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Project Background

In support of a Title I military design services awarded under contract FA8903-15-D-0012, Task Order (TO) 0012, Design Repair Family Housing, Multiple Locations, Okinawa, Japan, and administered jointly by the Air Force Civil Engineer Center (AFCEC) and the 718th Civil Engineer Squadron (718 CES), qualified radon personnel from Oneida Total Integrated Enterprises (OTIE) conducted a limited short-term radon survey in select apartment units of Kinser Housing residential towers 871, 872, 1086, 1087 and 1088.

The short-term radon survey was conducted using Continuous Radon monitors (CRM) and in accordance with “Protocol for Conducting Radon and Radon Decay Product Measurements in Multifamily Buildings” (ANSI/AARST MAMF-2012). The deployment, retrieval and interpretation of the data obtained were done by and/or under the supervision of AARST-NRPP (American Association of Radon Scientists and Technicians - National Radon Proficiency Program) certified individuals. The short-term survey was conducted from 29 August 2016 to 19 September2016. The radon survey was conducted as a diagnostic assessment to assist in the formulation a mitigation design approach.

All data obtained under this survey effort has been tabulated and is included in Section 2.4 of this document.

1.2 Disclaimer

Short term radon testing is but a snapshot in time and results obtained under such efforts do not necessarily reflect long term exposure averages. The intent of this survey was to identify challenging areas which could have required additional mitigation efforts and/or considerations.

1.3 Deviations

Alternate Test Locations:

Every effort was made by our team of field technicians to adhere to the locations identified in the Sampling and Analysis Plan (SAP) submitted for reference on 22 August 2016. However, minor adjustments to test locations were made in the field due to security concerns and resident unavailability. The selection of alternate test locations was made so that the short term survey remained within the guidelines of the ANSI/AARST MAMF-2012 measurement protocols.

Closed Building Conditions:

All five residential towers surveyed under this effort were occupied during the test period.

Although notices were posted at the lobbies and each floor of the towers advising residents to maintain closed building conditions, the field survey team could not guarantee those conditions were met.

2.0 SURVEY RESULTS

2.1 Short Term Monitoring

OTIE personnel performed short term radon monitoring in accordance with NRPP approved short-term CRM, under abridged ‘Time-Sensitive’ test protocols of the ANSI/MAMF-2012, a total of fifty-seven (57) apartment units were tested at residential towers 871, 872, 1086, 1087 and 1088. This total represents seventy-five percent (75%) of the planned seventy-six (76) test locations. This reduction in test locations was due to security concerns, resident unavailability and time constraints. Common access areas on the first floor of each of the towers, ideal test locations, were not tested due to concerns of theft or damage. These areas were included in the

Page 2 Final Activity Reort for

Repair Family Housing, Okinawa

SAP because the towers were believed to be vacant at the time. The apartments directly above the common areas were selected as alternate test locations. Survey consisted of one (1) test location per candidate apartment.

To minimize inconvenience to residents, all vacant ‘candidate’ test locations were considered first, and occupied apartment units were tested as a last resort. For the purpose of this report, a ‘candidate’ apartment is one that meets any of the following criteria:

(a) Direct contact with ground.

(b) In contact with crawlspaces and/or mechanical rooms.

(c) Second floor units in contact with utility rooms and/or mechanical rooms.

(d) Upper floors above the second floor (10% of apartment units per floor) that are not directly above or below units being tested on other floors.

All CRMs used in this effort had current manufacturer calibration. Scanned calibration certificates are available upon request.

2.2 Interference

Data obtained indicates that a small number of test devices deployed in occupied units were tampered with during the test period. In the form of a ‘Tilt’ indicator, CRM devices record the time the device was handled during the test period. For these small numbers of interferences, neither the hourly nor overall radon concentration averages appear to change significantly. This is indicative that the devices may have been picked up by the tenants out of curiosity and not relocated to a location where bad data (significantly high or low) could be recorded.

2.3 Quality Assurance and Quality Control Measurements - Duplicates Of the fifty-seven (57) apartments tested, seven (7) locations had duplicate devices deployed.

The number of duplicate test devices deployed was greater than the minimum 10% specified in the ANSI/AARST MAMF-2012 Measurement Protocols. All duplicate measurements had Relative Percent Differences (RPD) that were either ‘expected or within control limits’. This is indicative of acceptable precision between testing devices. The RPD is calculated by dividing the average (of both results) by the difference (of both results) and expressing it as a percentage. Neither blanks nor spikes are needed when using CRM test devices.

Note:

There were no unusually severe storms or unusually high winds during the testing periods. High winds are defined by the US Weather Bureau as 24 Miles per hour or greater (21 knots or greater).

Page 3 Final Activity Reort for

Repair Family Housing, Okinawa

Table 2.4 - Limited Radon Survey Results

BLDG BLDG

Type Floor

Room / Unit

Number

Test Location Device

Placement

Primary Devices

Duplicate Devices

Test Durations

(Minus First

12 Hours)

Deployed Date

Retrieval Date Comments / Notes

CRM # pCi/L CRM # pCi/L

871 TJ2-90 1st 101 Living Room 5724 1.0 - - 80 Hours 07-Sep-16 11-Sep-16

871 TJ2-90 1st 102 Living Room 5264 0.6 5954 0.7 53 Hours 15-Sep-16 18-Sep-16 RPD-15% (Within Expected Levels)

871 TJ2-90 1st 103 Living Room 5207 0.7 - - 84 Hours 07-Sep-16 11-Sep-16

871 TJ2-90 2nd 201 Living Room 5454 0.9 - - 78 Hours 15-Sep-16 19-Sep-16

871 TJ2-90 2nd 203 Living Room 5273 0.9 - - 55 Hours 07-Sep-16 10-Sep-16

871 TJ2-90 2nd 208 Living Room 5364 0.4 - - 107 Hours 07-Sep-16 12-Sep-16

871 TJ2-90 3rd 304 Living Room 5454 0.7 - - 87 Hours 07-Sep-16 11-Sep-16

871 TJ2-90 3rd 305 Living Room 5098 0.8 - - 107 Hours 07-Sep-16 12-Sep-16

871 TJ2-90 6th 604 Living Room 6014 1.1 - - 85 Hours 07-Sep-16 11-Sep-16

871 TJ2-90 8th 804 Living Room / Vacant 5364 0.5 - - 106 Hours 01-Sep-16 06-Sep-16

871 TJ2-90 9th 907 Living Room 5016 0.4 - - 56 Hours 15-Sep-16 18-Sep-16

871 TJ2-90 1st Multipurpose Room (1 CRM per 2,000 SF) Not tested due to security concerns

Multipurpose Room (1 CRM per 2,000 SF) Not tested due to security concerns

871 TJ2-90 1st 104 Not tested due to resident unavailability and/or time constraints

871 TJ2-90 2nd 202 Not tested due to resident unavailability and/or time constraints

871 TJ2-90 4th 402 Not tested due to resident unavailability and/or time constraints

871 TJ2-90 5th 503 Not tested due to resident unavailability and/or time constraints

871 TJ2-90 7th 705 Not tested due to resident unavailability and/or time constraints

Page 4 Final Activity Reort for

Repair Family Housing, Okinawa

Table 2.4 - Limited Radon Survey Results (continued)

BLDG BLDG

Type Floor

Room / Unit

Number

Test Location Device

Placement

Primary Devices

Duplicate Devices

Test Durations

(Minus First

12 Hours)

Deployed Date

Retrieval Date Comments / Notes

CRM # pCi/L CRM # pCi/L

1087 TJ2-90 1st 101 Living Room 5378 1.7 - - 85 Hours 07-Sep-16 11-Sep-16

1087 TJ2-90 1st 102 Living Room 5954 0.8 - - 83 Hours 07-Sep-16 11-Sep-16

1087 TJ2-90 1st 103 Living Room 5364 0.5 - - 55 Hours 15-Sep-16 18-Sep-16

1087 TJ2-90 1st 104 Living Room 5016 0.5 - - 58 Hours 07-Sep-16 11-Sep-16

1087 TJ2-90 2nd 201 Living Room 5273 0.5 - - 63 Hours 16-Sep-16 19-Sep-16

1087 TJ2-90 2nd 203 Living Room 5098 3.9 - - 57 Hours 16-Sep-16 19-Sep-16

1087 TJ2-90 2nd 208 Living Room 5612 1.5 - - 83 Hours 07-Sep-16 11-Sep-16

1087 TJ2-90 4th 404 Living Room / Vacant 6014 1.2 - - 70 Hours 29-Aug-16 01-Sep-16

1087 TJ2-90 7th 704 Living Room / Vacant 5954 0.5 - - 61 Hours 29-Aug-16 01-Sep-16

1087 TJ2-90 8th 806 Living Room 5378 0.9 - - 78 Hours 01-Sep-16 05-Sep-16

1087 TJ2-90 9th 908 Living Room / Vacant 5454 1.8 - - 73 Hours 29-Aug-16 01-Sep-16

1087 TJ2-90 1st Multipurpose Room (1 CRM per 2,000 SF) Not tested due to security concerns

Multipurpose Room (1 CRM per 2,000 SF) Not tested due to security concerns

1087 TJ2-90 2nd 202 Not tested due to resident unavailability and/or time constraints

1087 TJ2-90 3rd 30x

Planned on testing unit 305, 306 or Not tested due to resident unavailability and/or time constraints

1087 TJ2-90 5th 503 Not tested due to resident unavailability and/or time constraints

1087 TJ2-90 6th 60x

Planned on testing any unit on this floor other than 603 or 604 Not tested due to resident

Page 5 Final Activity Reort for

Repair Family Housing, Okinawa

Table 2.4 - Limited Radon Survey Results (continued)

BLDG BLDG

Type Floor

Room / Unit

Number

Test Location Device

Placement

Primary Devices

Duplicate Devices

Test Durations

(Minus First

12 Hours)

Deployed Date

Retrieval Date Comments / Notes

CRM # pCi/L CRM # pCi/L

1088 TJ2-90 1st 102 Living Room 5454 0.4 - - 60 Hours 12-Sep-16 15-Sep-16

1088 TJ2-90 1st 103 Living Room 5612 1.1 - - 60 Hours 12-Sep-16 15-Sep-16

1088 TJ2-90 1st 104 Living Room 5724 0.6 - - 57 Hours 16-Sep-16 19-Sep-16

1088 TJ2-90 2nd 201 Living Room 5207 0.7 - - 84 Hours 12-Sep-16 15-Sep-16

1088 TJ2-90 2nd 203 Living Room 5273 0.8 5724 0.5 57 Hours 12-Sep-16 15-Sep-16 RPD-46% (Within Control Levels)

1088 TJ2-90 4th 407 Living Room / Vacant 5378 0.6 - - 72 Hours 29-Aug-16 01-Sep-16

1088 TJ2-90 6th 605 Living Room / Vacant 5454 2.7 - - 103 Hours 01-Sep-16 06-Sep-16

1088 TJ2-90 7th 704 Living Room 5121 0.8 - - 59 Hours 12-Sep-16 15-Sep-16

1088 TJ2-90 8th 808 Living Room / Vacant 5121 1.0 5954 0.9 103 Hours 01-Sep-16 06-Sep-16 RPD-11% (Within Expected Levels)

1088 TJ2-90 9th 907 Living Room 5188 1.1 - - 59 Hours 12-Sep-16 15-Sep-16

1088 TJ2-90 1st Multipurpose Room (1 CRM per 2,000 SF) Not tested due to security concerns

Multipurpose Room (1 CRM per 2,000 SF) Not tested due to security concerns

1088 TJ2-90 1st 101 Not tested due to resident unavailability and/or time constraints

1088 TJ2-90 2nd 202 Not tested due to resident unavailability and/or time constraints

1088 TJ2-90 2nd 208 Not tested due to resident unavailability and/or time constraints

1088 TJ2-90 3rd 30x

Planned on testing unit 304, 305 or Not tested due to resident unavailability and/or time constraints

1088 TJ2-90 5th 504 Not tested due to resident

Page 6 Final Activity Reort for

Repair Family Housing, Okinawa

Table 2.4 - Limited Radon Survey Results (continued)

BLDG BLDG

Type Floor

Room / Unit

Number

Test Location Device

Placement

Primary Devices

Duplicate Devices

Test Durations

(Minus First

12 Hours)

Deployed Date

Retrieval Date Comments / Notes

CRM # pCi/L CRM # pCi/L

872 TJ3-90 1st 101 Living Room / Vacant 5207 0.8 - - 58 Hours 29-Aug-16 01-Sep-16

872 TJ3-90 1st 102 Living Room 5207 0.7 - - 56 Hours 15-Sep-16 18-Sep-16

872 TJ3-90 1st 103 Living Room 5188 2.9 - - 53 Hours 15-Sep-16 18-Sep-16

872 TJ3-90 1st 104 Living Room 5121 0.9 - - 56 Hours 15-Sep-16 18-Sep-16

872 TJ3-90 2nd 201 Living Room / Vacant 5207 0.4 5188 0.4 106 Hours 01-Sep-16 06-Sep-16 RPD-0% (Within Expected Levels)

872 TJ3-90 2nd 203 Living Room / Vacant 5188 0.6 - - 58 Hours 29-Aug-16 01-Sep-16

872 TJ3-90 2nd 208 Living Room 5612 0.4 - - 79 Hours 15-Sep-16 19-Sep-16

872 TJ3-90 3rd 304 Living Room / Vacant 5016 0.5 - - 58 Hours 29-Aug-16 01-Sep-16

872 TJ3-90 4th 401 Living Room / Vacant 5364 0.4 - - 58 Hours 29-Aug-16 01-Sep-16

872 TJ3-90 5th 504 Living Room / Vacant 5098 0.9 - - 70 Hours 29-Aug-16 01-Sep-16

872 TJ3-90 6th 606 Living Room / Vacant 5724 0.4 - - 57 Hours 29-Aug-16 01-Sep-16

872 TJ3-90 7th 702 Living Room / Vacant 5612 0.4 - - 57 Hours 29-Aug-16 01-Sep-16

872 TJ3-90 8th 807 Living Room / Vacant 5273 0.5 - - 57 Hours 29-Aug-16 01-Sep-16

872 TJ3-90 9th 903 Living Room / Vacant 5121 1.0 5264 1.0 57 Hours 29-Aug-16 01-Sep-16 RPD-0% (Within Expected Levels)

872 TJ3-90 1st

Multipurpose Room (1 CRM per 2,000 SF) - Primary Not tested due to security concerns

Multipurpose Room (1 CRM per 2,000 SF) - Primary Not tested due to security concerns

Multipurpose Room (1 CRM per 2,000 SF) - Duplicate Not tested due to security concerns

872 TJ3-90 2nd 202 Not tested due to resident unavailability and/or time constraints

Page 7 Final Activity Reort for

Repair Family Housing, Okinawa

Table 2.4 - Limited Radon Survey Results (concluded)

BLDG BLDG

Type Floor

Room / Unit

Number

Test Location Device

Placement

Primary Devices

Duplicate Devices

Test Durations

(Minus First

12 Hours)

Deployed Date

Retrieval Date Comments / Notes

CRM # pCi/L CRM # pCi/L

1086 TJ3-90 1st 101 Living Room 5378 2.3 - - 58 Hours 12-Sep-16 15-Sep-16

1086 TJ3-90 1st 102 Living Room 5098 3.5 - - 56 Hours 12-Sep-16 15-Sep-16

1086 TJ3-90 1st 104 Living Room 6014 3.2 - - 53 Hours 15-Sep-16 18-Sep-16

1086 TJ3-90 2nd 202 Living Room 5364 1.4 - - 58 Hours 12-Sep-16 15-Sep-16

1086 TJ3-90 2nd 203 Living Room 6014 1.6 - - 56 Hours 12-Sep-16 15-Sep-16

1086 TJ3-90 3rd 305 Living Room 5016 4.7 (a) - - 57 Hours 12-Sep-16 15-Sep-16 Test results above EPA action levels of 4.0pCi/L Recommend mitigation

1086 TJ3-90 4th 402 Living Room / Vacant 6014 2.4 - - 103 Hours 01-Sep-16 06-Sep-16

1086 TJ3-90 5th 504 Living Room / Vacant 5188 1.8 5121 1.9 59 Hours 06-Sep-16 09-Sep-16 RPD-5% (Within Expected Levels)

1086 TJ3-90 6th 605 Living Room / Vacant 5098 2.4 - - 103 Hours 01-Sep-16 06-Sep-16

1086 TJ3-90 8th 806 Living Room 5378 0.8 - - 55 Hours 15-Sep-16 18-Sep-16

1086 TJ3-90 9th 907 Living Rm 5454 3.0 5264 1.7 55 Hours 12-Sep-16 15-Sep-16 RPD-55% (Within Warning Levels)

1086 TJ3-90 1st Multipurpose Room (1 CRM per 2,000 SF) Not tested due to security concerns

Multipurpose Room (1 CRM per 2,000 SF) Not tested due to security concerns

1086 TJ3-90 1st 103 Not tested due to resident unavailability and/or time constraints

1086 TJ3-90 2nd 201 Not tested due to resident unavailability and/or time constraints

1086 TJ3-90 2nd 208 Not tested due to resident unavailability and/or time constraints

1086 TJ3-90 7th 70x

Planned on testing unit 707, 708, 701, 702, 703 or 704 Not tested due to resident unavailability and/or time constraints

(e) Test results above EPA action level of 4.0pCi/L.

Page 8 Final Activity Reort for

Repair Family Housing, Okinawa

3.0 INSPECTION OF EXISTING MITIGATION SYSTEM

Residential Tower 1087 was found to have a radon mitigation system which appears to have been installed recently. The radon mitigation system was found to be operational at the time it was inspected; however, the field team was unable to confirm key components due to lack of information on the system (i.e. neither location of soil gas collection point(s) nor power source). A thorough inspection of the system, to determine compliance with applicable standards, was not performed.

4.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

4.1 Summary

Under this effort, only the living room areas of accessible ‘candidate’ apartment units were tested. Test device placement at vacant units was generally in the center of the room. At occupied units, the test devices were placed in discreet locations in accordance with the Protocol for Conducting Radon and Radon Decay Product Measurements in Multifamily Buildings (ANSI/AARST – MAMF 2012). That is placed no less than;

(a) Three feet (90 centimeters) from exterior doors and windows or other potential openings to the outdoors.

(b) One foot (30 centimeters) from the exterior wall of the building

(c) 20 inches (50 centimeters) from the floor

(d) Four inches (10 centimeters) from other detectors and surrounding objects or as recommended by the manufacturer or laboratory. This includes duplicate devices.

(e) If the device can be suspended, no higher than eight feet (2.5 meters) from the floor and a minimum of one foot (30 centimeters) below the ceiling.

Test results obtained under this effort largely confirm the government provided legacy data, which is included as an appendix.

Of the fifty-seven (57) apartments surveyed only one (1) yielded test results above the EPA action levels of 4.0pCi/L. Another apartment, already mitigated, yielded results at just below the EPA action level threshold.

These locations are:

Residential Tower 1086, Apartment 305 – 4.7 pCi/L, and

Residential Tower 1087, Apartment 203 – 3.9 pCi/L

4.2 Recommendations

4.2.1 Monitoring

Radon is a naturally occurring odorless and colorless gas, and pressure differentials created by weather and environmental conditions, as well as entry routes created as the building ages, can greatly influence the amount of radon gas that enters a home. In order to ensure radon levels remain below EPA action levels, it is the recommendation of the survey team that residential tower units where current radon levels do not pose a health risk (e.g.

below 4.0pCi/L) be retested at a rate of at least once every five (5) years.

For locations where a radon mitigation system is already in place, such as Residential Tower 1087, a two-year follow up testing program should be implemented in accordance with EPA guidelines.

Page 9 Final Activity Reort for

Repair Family Housing, Okinawa

Radon testing at Residential Towers should be done in accordance with the “Protocol for Conducting Radon and Radon Decay Product Measurements in Multifamily Buildings

(ANSI/AARST – MAMF 2012)”

4.2.2 Mitigation

A combination active, sub-slab, soil depressurization and passive exhaust mitigation system is recommended in order to reduce the radon levels of apartment 305 of Residential Tower 1086. This mitigation approach will form part of the overall design package. To help ensure radon levels are reduced and maintained below action levels, the design team proposed sealing all ground contacting surfaces with a coating application designed for radon reduction.

The coating will not be installed in areas requiring confined space entry and in areas where rainwater collects preventing proper adhesion of the product.

The passive exhaust mitigation system designed for Residential Tower 1086 will also be proposed for Residential Tower 872. These passive systems help reduce or maintain levels below 4.0pCi/L and can be activated at a later date with the installation of an inline radon exhaust fan. Passive mitigation exhaust systems are recommended only for Residential Towers 1086 and 872 because they have accessible pipe chases in the hallways through which the roof-leading exhaust pipes can be routed.

Radon mitigation for Residential Tower units should be installed in accordance with the “Radon Mitigation Standards for Multifamily Buildings (ANSI/AARST RMS-MF 2014)”

4.2.3 Operation and Maintenance Plan

Radon gas can present a significant health concern to service members and their families.

The applicable office overseeing the Radon Program for the approximately 8,000 military housing units on Okinawa should have a system in place that includes, at a minimum, the following:

• Radon-Mitigation-System Inspections: It is recommended that each radon mitigation system be inspected for correct operation twice annually. Semi-annual inspections provide a standardized means for identifying systems requiring repair and minimize the period the system is inoperable.

• Radon-Mitigation-System Repairs: A Point of Contact (POC) for planning and scheduling repair of radon-mitigation systems needs to be identified and have the necessary labor resources at his or her disposal to respond quickly. Radon is a significant and high-profile environmental concern. Rapid response requires stocking of replacement materials and involvement of a qualified individual who is familiar with all aspects of the radon program. Replacement radon fans should be Fantec HP-220 or equivalent.

• Radon Survey Follow-Up Measurements: Buildings with radon-mitigation systems installed are recommended for resurvey every two years to verify radon levels are being maintained below the action level of 4.0 pCi/L.

• Radon Survey Periodic Measurements: Buildings where radon levels are below EPA action levels of 4.0 pCi/L should be retested every five years to ensure pathways created as the building ages are identified and addressed.

• Update Radon Database: Regular updating to the environmental database is essential to capture the data for documentation and archiving, and to use the database as a work planning tool.

Page 10 Final Activity Reort for

Repair Family Housing, Okinawa

5.0 REFERENCED PUBLICATIONS

A Citizen's Guide to Radon (EPA 402/K-09/001, January 2009)

Home Buyers and Sellers Guide to Radon (EPA 402/K-09/-002, January 2009)

Protocols for Radon Measurements in Homes (AARST/MAH September 2005)

Protocol for Conducting Radon and Radon Decay Product Measurements in Multifamily Buildings (ANSI/AARST – MAMF 2012)

Radon Mitigation Standards for Multifamily Buildings (ANSI/AARST RMS-MF 2014)

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Office of Air and Radiation. October 1993, revised April 1994. Radon Mitigation Standards (RMS). EPA Document 402-R-93-078 – Radon Mitigation Standards

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Office of Air and Radiation May 1993. Protocols for Radon and Radon Decay Product Measurements in Homes. EPA Document 402-R- 92-003.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Office of Air and Radiation, July 1992 (Revision).

Indoor Radon and Radon Decay Product Measurement Device Protocols, EPA Document EPA 402-R-92-004.

Page Intentionally Left Blank

5.0 Referenced Publications