Transformational Model for Decision Advantage working slides v01c cao 20250331 for DASH MEF AMA v5 pdf.pdf

Unclassified

DRAFT v0.04a, 11 Mar 2025, jez, ABMS CFT

Transformational Model (TM) for Decision Advantage

These slides are entirely Unclassified

A framework for Decision Advantage with Combined Joint All-Domain Command & Control

(CJADC2)

Transformational Model Decision Advantage Sprint for Human-machine teaming

(TM–DASH)

You will find additional acronyms spelled out in this section of the slides (e.g., DAF ABMS CFT = Department of the Air Force Advanced Battle Management System Cross-Functional Team; C2 = Command & Control). If you see note indicators (e.g. “…Decision Domain 1 ”), look in the slide Notes section for more information.

H2O CenterWhite Force

BM “Scope” BC3 or NGTS

SIM Driver

MACE

Chat & Voice Teams or …

Driver x4

Chat & Voice Teams or …

Agency x4+

BM “Scope” (map & track display/interaction)

BC3 or NGTS Chat & Voice Teams or …

Crew x4

Your MEF Microservice or

Text ScraperChat + Voice Transcript

Your MEF Microservice:

Web-based?

MEF Function Modes?

Machine vs Human Ratio?

Primary Output:

Ranked EffectEffectorMatches (𝕖𝕖𝔽𝔽 )

“BattleEffect ” (𝕖𝕖 ) (e.g., sink ship)

“EffectorPack” (𝔽𝔽 )

(e.g., 1 F-15E + 1 EA-37B)

“DeliverablePackage ” (𝔻𝔻 ) (e.g., 2 missiles + 1 jx) 𝕖𝕖𝔽𝔽 Rank (relative to other matches)Scenario:

The Crew is a mid-echelon all-domain Battle Management unit supporting lower-echelon & theater/national BM units, as well as Battle Managing their own Area of Operations

Database (Text documents for plans, objectives, & operational limits)

DIS + Data Link Processor

DIS

JREAP-C or JSON

Input Sources:

Text Documents

(Objectives, Plans & Tasks, Ops Limits, Deliverables, Tactics, Effectors, Plays)

Chat & Voice Comms (BattleEffects, Current Situation)

Tactical Picture (BattleEffects, Current Situation)

Streamed Publication

Engineering Level UI

Data Analysis

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Decision Advantage Capabilities A capability gap whose solutions underwrite other capabilities

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Beyond Dashboards & Data Links User Interfaces & Workflow Automation versus HMT Decision Collaboration

DOTMLPF-P = Doctrine, Organization, Training, Materiel, Leadership, Personnel, Facilities – Policy

UIs & Workflow Automations (movement & presentation of data)

Networks + Data (People + Platforms + Infrastructure)

This is where the current weight of effort is… Caution: Automation of Irrelevant Workflows (i.e., Processes for fighting the last war)

Human-Machine Team (HMT) Decision Collaboration

There should be a commensurate weight of effort here:

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Beyond Dashboards & Data Links Not all software is created equal…

DOTMLPF-P = Doctrine, Organization, Training, Materiel, Leadership, Personnel, Facilities – Policy

Collaborative Human-Machine Team

Decision Making

User Interface Workflow Facilitation

DASH

Target

Capability Gap

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Is it even possible to build Machine Teammates for C2?

In a word: YES April 2025 Perceive Actionable Entity (PAE) DASH:

4 Industry Partners + 1 Air Force team

PAE Microservice

TM-DASH: the beginning of the HMT experimentation cycle

- “Wild West” approach – unconstrained DevOps for solution exploration

- Low barrier to entry for Industry Partner participation

- Inform C2+Intel system-of-system requirements

Data Presentation & Interaction

Connect + Compute Local Platform &

Digital Infrastructure

Necessary-but-Insufficient for Decision Advantage

C2 + Intel/Surveillance Decision-Making

Primary Target for Decision Advantage

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Perform Military Activities

M.#.#

Perform Joint & Combined

Ops

Decision Domains view → IDEF0 – Joint & Combined Ops *

Transformational Model Methodology Defining Decision Domains for CJADC2 Decision Advantage

The TMs can be nested within the instruments of national power

DIME = Diplomatic, Information, Military, Economic instruments of National Power;

IDEF0 = Integrated DEFinition for functional modeling (a.k.a. “Context Diagram”)

Design–Develop–Sustain Joint & Combined

Forces

F.#.# Building the Forces we need

D I M E The TM Methodology defines 9 Decision Domains:

8 x Abstracted Decision Domains 1 x Operational Environment Decision Domain 1

Perform Joint & Combined

Ops

Fighting with the Forces we have

* All models are wrong, some models are useful. -- George Box

The Transformational Model’s Next Step toward Decision Advantage:

52 discrete Decision Functions (DFs) (each 3-letter acronym represents one DF)

Opportunities to leverage existing & emerging technologies to optimize human-machine teaming for collaborative decision-making

(not just workflow automations or data movement / presentation) = Match Effectors, one of the thirteen Decision Functions (DFs) of Battle Management 9Unclassified

TM-BM: Battle Management

BattleCOA Generation:

calls PAE, which in-turn, publishes to MEF for each vertex in the hypergraph

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TM-BM.2.MEF Match Effectors Not just a-bomber-to-a-target…

^ei|a 𝔼𝔼i ⦁⟩ = |a 𝔼𝔼i 𝕖𝕖i a 𝔼𝔼i

̂ ei

Subscribe + Trigger: BattleEffect

IdeaElement

BattleEntity

BattleEffect

TimeWindow

Actionable

EffectOperator a 𝔼𝔼i

Proper Modality:

* = non-specified modal T = template <blank> = putative (non-modal)

Index: “i” should not be taken as the same index.

Instead, it is a place-holder for a unique index of the IdeaElement instance shown.

underline instance ⅈ ⅈ ⅈ n-ary association2-ary association

𝔼𝔼

𝕖𝕖i 𝕥𝕥i a 𝔼𝔼i ̂ ei ⅈ 𝕖𝕖i a 𝔼𝔼i 𝕥𝕥i

̂ ei

True Graph View a 𝔼𝔼i State Machine is defined as the state transition itself 𝕖𝕖i |a 𝔼𝔼i

⦁⟩ |a 𝔼𝔼i

|a 𝔼𝔼i

|a 𝔼𝔼i 𝕖𝕖i b s tα β

Susceptibility (s) components of TimeWindow (𝕥𝕥i) 𝕥𝕥i s α β

IdeaElement

DeliverableTactic

TacticOperator

DeliverablePackage

Deliverable

DeliverableDependency

BattleEffect

TimeWindow

Actionable

EffectOperator ⅈ

(𝔻𝔻 )Ti— 𝕕𝕕i *(𝔻𝔻n)

𝔻𝔻i

𝔻𝔻i

𝔻𝔻i

𝔻𝔻i 𝕕𝕕i *(𝔻𝔻n) 𝕖𝕖i a 𝔼𝔼i

̂ ei

̂ ei 𝕖𝕖i*a 𝔼𝔼i

̂ τi τi T

Subscribe: template DeliverablePackage BattleEffect + Tactic then

Conceive: BattleEffect modal BattleEffect τi ̂ τi

(𝔻𝔻 )i

𝔻𝔻i 𝕕𝕕i *(𝔻𝔻n) a 𝔼𝔼i

Proper Modality:

* = non-specified modal T = template <blank> = putative (non-modal)

Index: “i” should not be taken as the same index.

Instead, it is a place-holder for a unique index of the IdeaElement instance shown.

underline instance ⅈ ⅈ ⅈ n-ary association2-ary association 𝕥𝕥i 𝕖𝕖i 𝕥𝕥i a 𝔼𝔼i ̂ ei

(𝔻𝔻 )Ti—

𝔻𝔻i 𝔻𝔻i 𝕕𝕕i(𝔻𝔻n)

𝔻𝔻i 𝔻𝔻i 𝕕𝕕i *(𝔻𝔻n)

𝔻𝔻i

𝔻𝔻i

𝔻𝔻i

𝔻𝔻i 𝕕𝕕i *(𝔻𝔻n) 𝕕𝕕i(𝔻𝔻n) 𝕖𝕖i a 𝔼𝔼i

̂ ei

̂ ei 𝕖𝕖i*a 𝔼𝔼i

̂ τi τi T

Subscribe + Map: Deliverables to Template Deliverables a 𝔼𝔼i

Proper Modality:

* = non-specified modal T = BattleTemplate <blank> = putative (non-modal)

Index: “i” should not be taken as the same index.

Instead, it is a place-holder for a unique index of the IdeaElement instance shown.

underline instance ⅈ ⅈ ⅈ n-ary association2-ary association 𝕥𝕥i

IdeaElement

DeliverableTactic

TacticOperator

DeliverablePackage

Deliverable

DeliverableDependency

BattleEffect

TimeWindow

Actionable

EffectOperator ⅈ τi ̂ τi

(𝔻𝔻 )i

𝔻𝔻i 𝕕𝕕i *(𝔻𝔻n) 𝕖𝕖i 𝕥𝕥i

(𝔻𝔻 )i—

𝔻𝔻i 𝔻𝔻i 𝕕𝕕i(𝔻𝔻n)

𝔻𝔻i 𝔻𝔻i 𝕕𝕕i *(𝔻𝔻n)

𝔻𝔻i

𝔻𝔻i

𝔻𝔻i

𝔻𝔻i 𝕕𝕕i *(𝔻𝔻n) 𝕕𝕕i(𝔻𝔻n) 𝕖𝕖i a 𝔼𝔼i

̂ ei

̂ ei 𝕖𝕖i*a 𝔼𝔼i

̂ τi τi T

Conceive: DeliverablePackage a 𝔼𝔼i

Proper Modality:

* = non-specified modal T = BattleTemplate <blank> = putative (non-modal)

Index: “i” should not be taken as the same index.

Instead, it is a place-holder for a unique index of the IdeaElement instance shown.

underline instance ⅈ ⅈ ⅈ n-ary association2-ary association 𝕥𝕥i

IdeaElement

DeliverableTactic

TacticOperator

DeliverablePackage

Deliverable

DeliverableDependency

BattleEffect

TimeWindow

Actionable

EffectOperator ⅈ τi ̂ τi

(𝔻𝔻 )i

𝔻𝔻i 𝕕𝕕i *(𝔻𝔻n) 𝕖𝕖i 𝕥𝕥i

𝔻𝔻i 𝔻𝔻i 𝕕𝕕i(𝔻𝔻n)

𝔻𝔻i 𝔻𝔻i 𝕕𝕕i *(𝔻𝔻n)

𝔻𝔻i

𝔻𝔻i

𝔻𝔻i

𝔻𝔻i 𝕕𝕕i *(𝔻𝔻n) 𝕕𝕕i(𝔻𝔻n) 𝕖𝕖i a 𝔼𝔼i

̂ ei

̂ ei 𝕖𝕖i*a 𝔼𝔼i

̂ τi τi T

Map: DeliverablePackage to TemplateDeliverablePackage a 𝔼𝔼i

Proper Modality:

* = non-specified modal T = BattleTemplate <blank> = putative (non-modal)

Index: “i” should not be taken as the same index.

Instead, it is a place-holder for a unique index of the IdeaElement instance shown.

underline instance ⅈ ⅈ ⅈ n-ary association2-ary association 𝕥𝕥i

IdeaElement

DeliverableTactic

TacticOperator

DeliverablePackage

Deliverable

DeliverableDependency

BattleEffect

TimeWindow

Actionable

EffectOperator ⅈ τi ̂ τi

(𝔻𝔻 )i

𝔻𝔻i 𝕕𝕕i *(𝔻𝔻n) 𝕖𝕖i 𝕥𝕥i

𝔻𝔻i 𝔻𝔻i 𝕕𝕕i(𝔻𝔻n)

𝔻𝔻i 𝔻𝔻i 𝕕𝕕i *(𝔻𝔻n)

𝔻𝔻i

𝔻𝔻i

𝔻𝔻i

𝔻𝔻i 𝕕𝕕i *(𝔻𝔻n) 𝕕𝕕i(𝔻𝔻n) 𝕖𝕖i a 𝔼𝔼i

̂ ei

̂ ei 𝕖𝕖i*a 𝔼𝔼i

̂ τi τi T

Infer: DeliverablePackage BattleEffect association a 𝔼𝔼i

Proper Modality:

* = non-specified modal T = BattleTemplate <blank> = putative (non-modal)

Index: “i” should not be taken as the same index.

Instead, it is a place-holder for a unique index of the IdeaElement instance shown.

underline instance ⅈ ⅈ ⅈ n-ary association2-ary association 𝕥𝕥i

IdeaElement

DeliverableTactic

TacticOperator

DeliverablePackage

Deliverable

DeliverableDependency

BattleEffect

TimeWindow

Actionable

EffectOperator ⅈ τi ̂ τi

(𝔻𝔻 )i

𝔻𝔻i 𝕕𝕕i *(𝔻𝔻n) 𝕖𝕖i 𝕥𝕥i πi T (𝔽𝔽 )Ti—

𝔽𝔽i

𝔽𝔽i

𝔽𝔽i 𝕕𝕕i *(𝔽𝔽n)

(𝔻𝔻 )i—

(𝔻𝔻 )Ti—

𝔻𝔻i 𝔻𝔻i 𝕕𝕕i(𝔻𝔻n)

𝔻𝔻i 𝔻𝔻i 𝕕𝕕i *(𝔻𝔻n)

𝔻𝔻i

𝔻𝔻i

𝔻𝔻i

𝔻𝔻i 𝕕𝕕i *(𝔻𝔻n) 𝕕𝕕i(𝔻𝔻n) 𝕖𝕖i a 𝔼𝔼i

̂ ei

̂ ei 𝕖𝕖i*a 𝔼𝔼i

̂ τi ̂ πi τi T

Subscribe: EffectorPack template + Play

IdeaElement

BattlePlay

PlayOperator

EffectorPack

Effector

EffectorDependency

BattleEffect

TimeWindow ⅈ a 𝔼𝔼i

Proper Modality:

* = non-specified modal T = BattleTemplate <blank> = putative (non-modal)

Index: “i” should not be taken as the same index.

Instead, it is a place-holder for a unique index of the IdeaElement instance shown.

underline instance ⅈ ⅈ ⅈ n-ary association2-ary association πi

̂ πi

(𝔽𝔽 )i

𝔽𝔽i 𝕕𝕕i(𝔽𝔽n) 𝕥𝕥i 𝕖𝕖i 𝕥𝕥i

𝔽𝔽i 𝔽𝔽i

𝔽𝔽i 𝕕𝕕i(𝔽𝔽n)

𝔽𝔽i

𝔽𝔽i

𝔽𝔽i 𝕕𝕕i *(𝔽𝔽n)

(𝔻𝔻 )i—

(𝔻𝔻 )Ti—

𝔻𝔻i 𝔻𝔻i 𝕕𝕕i(𝔻𝔻n)

𝔻𝔻i 𝔻𝔻i 𝕕𝕕i *(𝔻𝔻n)

𝔻𝔻i

𝔻𝔻i

𝔻𝔻i

𝔻𝔻i 𝕕𝕕i *(𝔻𝔻n) 𝕕𝕕i(𝔻𝔻n) 𝕖𝕖i a 𝔼𝔼i

̂ ei

̂ ei 𝕖𝕖i*a 𝔼𝔼i

̂ τi ̂ πi τi T

Map: Effector to template a 𝔼𝔼i

Proper Modality:

* = non-specified modal T = BattleTemplate <blank> = putative (non-modal)

Index: “i” should not be taken as the same index.

Instead, it is a place-holder for a unique index of the IdeaElement instance shown.

underline instance ⅈ ⅈ ⅈ n-ary association2-ary association 𝕥𝕥i

IdeaElement

BattlePlay

PlayOperator

EffectorPack

Effector

EffectorDependency

BattleEffect

TimeWindow

RankTensor ⅈ πi

̂ πi

(𝔽𝔽 )i

𝔽𝔽i 𝕕𝕕i(𝔽𝔽n) 𝕖𝕖i 𝕣𝕣i(𝕖𝕖𝔽𝔽 n)

𝔽𝔽i 𝔽𝔽i

𝔽𝔽i 𝕕𝕕i(𝔽𝔽n)

𝔽𝔽i

𝔽𝔽i

𝔽𝔽i 𝕕𝕕i *(𝔽𝔽n)

(𝔻𝔻 )i—

(𝔻𝔻 )Ti—

𝔻𝔻i 𝔻𝔻i 𝕕𝕕i(𝔻𝔻n)

𝔻𝔻i 𝔻𝔻i 𝕕𝕕i *(𝔻𝔻n)

𝔻𝔻i

𝔻𝔻i

𝔻𝔻i

𝔻𝔻i 𝕕𝕕i *(𝔻𝔻n) 𝕕𝕕i(𝔻𝔻n) 𝕖𝕖i a 𝔼𝔼i

̂ ei

̂ ei 𝕖𝕖i*a 𝔼𝔼i

̂ τi ̂ πi τi T

Infer: Equipped State of Effector a 𝔼𝔼i

Proper Modality:

* = non-specified modal T = BattleTemplate <blank> = putative (non-modal)

Index: “i” should not be taken as the same index.

Instead, it is a place-holder for a unique index of the IdeaElement instance shown.

underline instance ⅈ ⅈ ⅈ n-ary association2-ary association 𝕥𝕥i

IdeaElement

BattlePlay

PlayOperator

EffectorPack

Effector

EffectorDependency

BattleEffect

TimeWindow ⅈ πi

̂ πi

(𝔽𝔽 )i

𝔽𝔽i 𝕕𝕕i(𝔽𝔽n)

(𝔽𝔽 )i—

𝔽𝔽i 𝔽𝔽i

𝔽𝔽i 𝕕𝕕i(𝔽𝔽n)

𝔽𝔽i

𝔽𝔽i

𝔽𝔽i 𝕕𝕕i *(𝔽𝔽n)

(𝔻𝔻 )i—

(𝔻𝔻 )Ti—

𝔻𝔻i 𝔻𝔻i 𝕕𝕕i(𝔻𝔻n)

𝔻𝔻i 𝔻𝔻i 𝕕𝕕i *(𝔻𝔻n)

𝔻𝔻i

𝔻𝔻i

𝔻𝔻i

𝔻𝔻i 𝕕𝕕i *(𝔻𝔻n) 𝕕𝕕i(𝔻𝔻n) 𝕖𝕖i a 𝔼𝔼i

̂ ei

̂ ei 𝕖𝕖i*a 𝔼𝔼i

̂ τi ̂ πi τi T

Conceive: EffectorPack a 𝔼𝔼i

Proper Modality:

* = non-specified modal T = BattleTemplate <blank> = putative (non-modal)

Index: “i” should not be taken as the same index.

Instead, it is a place-holder for a unique index of the IdeaElement instance shown.

underline instance ⅈ ⅈ ⅈ n-ary association2-ary association 𝕥𝕥i

IdeaElement

BattlePlay

PlayOperator

EffectorPack

Effector

EffectorDependency

BattleEffect

TimeWindow

RankTensor ⅈ πi

̂ πi

(𝔽𝔽 )i

𝔽𝔽i 𝕕𝕕i(𝔽𝔽n) 𝕖𝕖i

(𝔽𝔽 )i—

𝔽𝔽i 𝔽𝔽i

𝔽𝔽i 𝕕𝕕i(𝔽𝔽n)

𝔽𝔽i

𝔽𝔽i

𝔽𝔽i 𝕕𝕕i *(𝔽𝔽n)

(𝔻𝔻 )i—

(𝔻𝔻 )Ti—

𝔻𝔻i 𝔻𝔻i 𝕕𝕕i(𝔻𝔻n)

𝔻𝔻i 𝔻𝔻i 𝕕𝕕i *(𝔻𝔻n)

𝔻𝔻i

𝔻𝔻i

𝔻𝔻i

𝔻𝔻i 𝕕𝕕i *(𝔻𝔻n) 𝕕𝕕i(𝔻𝔻n) 𝕖𝕖i a 𝔼𝔼i

̂ ei

̂ ei 𝕖𝕖i*a 𝔼𝔼i

̂ τi ̂ πi τi T

Map: EffectorPack to BattleTemplate a 𝔼𝔼i

Proper Modality:

* = non-specified modal T = BattleTemplate <blank> = putative (non-modal)

Index: “i” should not be taken as the same index.

Instead, it is a place-holder for a unique index of the IdeaElement instance shown.

underline instance ⅈ ⅈ ⅈ n-ary association2-ary association 𝕥𝕥i

IdeaElement

BattlePlay

PlayOperator

EffectorPack

Effector

EffectorDependency

BattleEffect

TimeWindow

RankTensor ⅈ πi

̂ πi

(𝔽𝔽 )i

𝔽𝔽i 𝕕𝕕i(𝔽𝔽n) 𝕖𝕖i

(𝔽𝔽 )i—

𝔽𝔽i 𝔽𝔽i

𝔽𝔽i 𝕕𝕕i(𝔽𝔽n)

𝔽𝔽i

𝔽𝔽i

𝔽𝔽i 𝕕𝕕i *(𝔽𝔽n)

(𝔻𝔻 )i—

(𝔻𝔻 )Ti—

𝔻𝔻i 𝔻𝔻i 𝕕𝕕i(𝔻𝔻n)

𝔻𝔻i 𝔻𝔻i 𝕕𝕕i *(𝔻𝔻n)

𝔻𝔻i

𝔻𝔻i

𝔻𝔻i

𝔻𝔻i 𝕕𝕕i *(𝔻𝔻n) 𝕕𝕕i(𝔻𝔻n) 𝕖𝕖i a 𝔼𝔼i

̂ ei

̂ ei 𝕖𝕖i*a 𝔼𝔼i

̂ τi ̂ πi τi T

Infer: EffectorPack DeliverablePackage association a 𝔼𝔼i

Proper Modality:

* = non-specified modal T = BattleTemplate <blank> = putative (non-modal)

Index: “i” should not be taken as the same index.

Instead, it is a place-holder for a unique index of the IdeaElement instance shown.

underline instance ⅈ ⅈ ⅈ n-ary association2-ary association 𝕥𝕥i

IdeaElement

BattlePlay

PlayOperator

EffectorPack

Effector

EffectorDependency

BattleEffect

TimeWindow ⅈ πi

̂ πi

(𝔽𝔽 )i

𝔽𝔽i 𝕕𝕕i(𝔽𝔽n) 𝕖𝕖𝔽𝔽i

T (𝔽𝔽 )Ti—

(𝔽𝔽 )i—

𝔽𝔽i 𝔽𝔽i

𝔽𝔽i 𝕕𝕕i(𝔽𝔽n)

𝔽𝔽i

𝔽𝔽i

𝔽𝔽i 𝕕𝕕i *(𝔽𝔽n)

(𝔻𝔻 )i—

(𝔻𝔻 )Ti—

𝔻𝔻i 𝔻𝔻i 𝕕𝕕i(𝔻𝔻n)

𝔻𝔻i 𝔻𝔻i 𝕕𝕕i *(𝔻𝔻n)

𝔻𝔻i

𝔻𝔻i

𝔻𝔻i

𝔻𝔻i 𝕕𝕕i *(𝔻𝔻n) 𝕕𝕕i(𝔻𝔻n) 𝕖𝕖i a 𝔼𝔼i

̂ ei

̂ ei 𝕖𝕖i*a 𝔼𝔼i

̂ τi ̂ πi τi T

Infer + Conceive: EffectEffectorMatch

IdeaElement

EffectEffectorMatch

BattleEffect

EffectorPack

DeliverablePackage

TimeWindow ⅈ a 𝔼𝔼i

Proper Modality:

* = non-specified modal T = BattleTemplate <blank> = putative (non-modal)

Index: “i” should not be taken as the same index.

Instead, it is a place-holder for a unique index of the IdeaElement instance shown.

underline instance ⅈ ⅈ ⅈ n-ary association2-ary association 𝕖𝕖𝔽𝔽i 𝕖𝕖𝔽𝔽i

(𝔽𝔽 )i—

(𝔻𝔻 )i— 𝕖𝕖i

True Graph View 𝕥𝕥i

(𝔽𝔽 )i 𝕖𝕖i

(𝔻𝔻 )i

T (𝔽𝔽 )Ti—

(𝔽𝔽 )i—

𝔽𝔽i 𝔽𝔽i

𝔽𝔽i 𝕕𝕕i(𝔽𝔽n)

𝔽𝔽i

𝔽𝔽i

𝔽𝔽i 𝕕𝕕i *(𝔽𝔽n)

(𝔻𝔻 )i—

(𝔻𝔻 )Ti—

𝔻𝔻i 𝔻𝔻i 𝕕𝕕i(𝔻𝔻n)

𝔻𝔻i 𝔻𝔻i 𝕕𝕕i *(𝔻𝔻n)

𝔻𝔻i

𝔻𝔻i

𝔻𝔻i

𝔻𝔻i 𝕕𝕕i *(𝔻𝔻n) 𝕕𝕕i(𝔻𝔻n) 𝕖𝕖i a 𝔼𝔼i

̂ ei

̂ ei 𝕖𝕖i*a 𝔼𝔼i

̂ τi ̂ πi τi T

Publish: EffectEffectorMatch update a 𝔼𝔼i

Proper Modality:

* = non-specified modal T = BattleTemplate <blank> = putative (non-modal)

Index: “i” should not be taken as the same index.

Instead, it is a place-holder for a unique index of the IdeaElement instance shown.

underline instance ⅈ ⅈ ⅈ n-ary association2-ary association 𝕥𝕥i

IdeaElement

EffectEffectorMatch

BattleEffect

EffectorPack

DeliverablePackage

TimeWindow ⅈ

(𝔽𝔽 )i 𝕖𝕖i 𝕥𝕥i

(𝔻𝔻 )i λ𝔻𝔻,𝔽𝔽

T (𝔽𝔽 )Ti—

(𝔽𝔽 )i—

𝔽𝔽i 𝔽𝔽i

𝔽𝔽i 𝕕𝕕i(𝔽𝔽n)

𝔽𝔽i

𝔽𝔽i

𝔽𝔽i 𝕕𝕕i *(𝔽𝔽n)

(𝔻𝔻 )i—

(𝔻𝔻 )Ti—

𝔻𝔻i 𝔻𝔻i 𝕕𝕕i(𝔻𝔻n)

𝔻𝔻i 𝔻𝔻i 𝕕𝕕i *(𝔻𝔻n)

𝔻𝔻i

𝔻𝔻i

𝔻𝔻i

𝔻𝔻i 𝕕𝕕i *(𝔻𝔻n) 𝕕𝕕i(𝔻𝔻n) 𝕖𝕖i a 𝔼𝔼i

̂ ei

̂ ei 𝕖𝕖i*a 𝔼𝔼i

̂ τi ̂ πi τi T

Infer & Publish: TimeWindow update (with Vulnerability component)

14a a 𝔼𝔼i

Proper Modality:

* = non-specified modal T = BattleTemplate <blank> = putative (non-modal)

Index: “i” should not be taken as the same index.

Instead, it is a place-holder for a unique index of the IdeaElement instance shown.

underline instance ⅈ ⅈ ⅈ n-ary association2-ary association 𝕥𝕥i

IdeaElement

EffectEffectorMatch

BattleEffect

EffectorPack

DeliverablePackage

TimeWindow

RankTensor ⅈ

(𝔽𝔽 )i 𝕖𝕖i 𝕥𝕥i 𝕣𝕣i(𝕖𝕖𝔽𝔽 n)

(𝔻𝔻 )i 𝕖𝕖𝔽𝔽i

T (𝔽𝔽 )Ti—

(𝔽𝔽 )i—

𝔽𝔽i 𝔽𝔽i

𝔽𝔽i 𝕕𝕕i(𝔽𝔽n)

𝔽𝔽i

𝔽𝔽i

𝔽𝔽i 𝕕𝕕i *(𝔽𝔽n)

(𝔻𝔻 )i—

(𝔻𝔻 )Ti—

𝔻𝔻i 𝔻𝔻i 𝕕𝕕i(𝔻𝔻n)

𝔻𝔻i 𝔻𝔻i 𝕕𝕕i *(𝔻𝔻n)

𝔻𝔻i

𝔻𝔻i

𝔻𝔻i

𝔻𝔻i 𝕕𝕕i *(𝔻𝔻n) 𝕕𝕕i(𝔻𝔻n) 𝕖𝕖i a 𝔼𝔼i

̂ ei

̂ ei 𝕖𝕖i*a 𝔼𝔼i

̂ τi ̂ πi τi T

Map: OpsLimits EffectEffectorMatch

14b a 𝔼𝔼i

Proper Modality:

* = non-specified modal T = BattleTemplate <blank> = putative (non-modal)

Index: “i” should not be taken as the same index.

Instead, it is a place-holder for a unique index of the IdeaElement instance shown.

underline instance ⅈ ⅈ ⅈ n-ary association2-ary association 𝕥𝕥i

IdeaElement

OpsLimit

EffectEffectorMatch

BattleEffect

EffectorPack

DeliverablePackage

TimeWindow ⅈ

(𝔽𝔽 )i 𝕖𝕖i 𝕥𝕥i

(𝔻𝔻 )i λ𝔻𝔻,𝔽𝔽 λ

T (𝔽𝔽 )Ti—

(𝔽𝔽 )i—

𝔽𝔽i 𝔽𝔽i

𝔽𝔽i 𝕕𝕕i(𝔽𝔽n)

𝔽𝔽i

𝔽𝔽i

𝔽𝔽i 𝕕𝕕i *(𝔽𝔽n)

(𝔻𝔻 )i—

(𝔻𝔻 )Ti—

𝔻𝔻i 𝔻𝔻i 𝕕𝕕i(𝔻𝔻n)

𝔻𝔻i 𝔻𝔻i 𝕕𝕕i *(𝔻𝔻n)

𝔻𝔻i

𝔻𝔻i

𝔻𝔻i

𝔻𝔻i 𝕕𝕕i *(𝔻𝔻n) 𝕕𝕕i(𝔻𝔻n) 𝕖𝕖i a 𝔼𝔼i

̂ ei

̂ ei 𝕖𝕖i*a 𝔼𝔼i

̂ τi ̂ πi τi T 𝕣𝕣i(𝕖𝕖𝔽𝔽n) 𝕨𝕨i

Subscribe: BattleSpace & DecisionWeights

IdeaElement

BattleSpace

DecisionWeight

EffectEffectorMatch

BattleEffect

EffectorPack

DeliverablePackage

TimeWindow

RankTensor ⅈ a 𝔼𝔼i

Proper Modality:

* = non-specified modal T = BattleTemplate <blank> = putative (non-modal)

Index: “i” should not be taken as the same index.

Instead, it is a place-holder for a unique index of the IdeaElement instance shown.

underline instance ⅈ ⅈ ⅈ n-ary association2-ary association

𝔹𝔹

𝕨𝕨i 𝕨𝕨i 𝔹𝔹 𝕥𝕥i (𝔽𝔽 )i 𝕖𝕖i 𝕥𝕥i 𝕣𝕣i(𝕖𝕖𝔽𝔽n)

(𝔻𝔻 )i

T (𝔽𝔽 )Ti—

(𝔽𝔽 )i—

𝔽𝔽i 𝔽𝔽i

𝔽𝔽i 𝕕𝕕i(𝔽𝔽n)

𝔽𝔽i

𝔽𝔽i

𝔽𝔽i 𝕕𝕕i *(𝔽𝔽n)

(𝔻𝔻 )i—

(𝔻𝔻 )Ti—

𝔻𝔻i 𝔻𝔻i 𝕕𝕕i(𝔻𝔻n)

𝔻𝔻i 𝔻𝔻i 𝕕𝕕i *(𝔻𝔻n)

𝔻𝔻i

𝔻𝔻i

𝔻𝔻i

𝔻𝔻i 𝕕𝕕i *(𝔻𝔻n) 𝕕𝕕i(𝔻𝔻n) 𝕖𝕖i a 𝔼𝔼i

̂ ei

̂ ei 𝕖𝕖i*a 𝔼𝔼i

̂ τi ̂ πi τi T

Infer: Rank Position in EffectEffectorMatch RankTensor a 𝔼𝔼i

Proper Modality:

* = non-specified modal T = BattleTemplate <blank> = putative (non-modal)

Index: “i” should not be taken as the same index.

Instead, it is a place-holder for a unique index of the IdeaElement instance shown.

underline instance ⅈ ⅈ ⅈ n-ary association2-ary association

𝔹𝔹

𝕨𝕨i 𝕨𝕨i 𝕥𝕥i

IdeaElement

BattleSpace

DecisionWeight

EffectEffectorMatch

BattleEffect

EffectorPack

DeliverablePackage

TimeWindow

RankTensor ⅈ

𝔹𝔹

𝕨𝕨i

(𝔽𝔽 )i 𝕖𝕖i 𝕥𝕥i 𝕣𝕣i(𝕖𝕖𝔽𝔽 n)

(𝔻𝔻 )i 𝕖𝕖𝔽𝔽i 𝕣𝕣i(𝕖𝕖𝔽𝔽n)

T (𝔽𝔽 )Ti—

(𝔽𝔽 )i—

𝔽𝔽i 𝔽𝔽i

𝔽𝔽i 𝕕𝕕i(𝔽𝔽n)

𝔽𝔽i

𝔽𝔽i

𝔽𝔽i 𝕕𝕕i *(𝔽𝔽n)

(𝔻𝔻 )i—

(𝔻𝔻 )Ti—

𝔻𝔻i 𝔻𝔻i 𝕕𝕕i(𝔻𝔻n)

𝔻𝔻i 𝔻𝔻i 𝕕𝕕i *(𝔻𝔻n)

𝔻𝔻i

𝔻𝔻i

𝔻𝔻i

𝔻𝔻i 𝕕𝕕i *(𝔻𝔻n) 𝕕𝕕i(𝔻𝔻n) 𝕖𝕖i a 𝔼𝔼i

̂ ei

̂ ei T 𝕖𝕖i*a 𝔼𝔼i

̂ τi ̂ πi τi T

Publish: RankTensor update a 𝔼𝔼i

Proper Modality:

* = non-specified modal T = BattleTemplate <blank> = putative (non-modal)

Index: “i” should not be taken as the same index.

Instead, it is a place-holder for a unique index of the IdeaElement instance shown.

underline instance ⅈ ⅈ ⅈ n-ary association2-ary association

𝔹𝔹

𝕨𝕨i 𝕨𝕨i 𝕥𝕥i

IdeaElement

BattleSpace

DecisionWeight

EffectEffectorMatch

BattleEffect

EffectorPack

DeliverablePackage

TimeWindow

RankTensor ⅈ

𝔹𝔹

𝕨𝕨i

(𝔽𝔽 )i 𝕖𝕖i 𝕥𝕥i 𝕣𝕣i(𝕖𝕖𝔽𝔽 n)

(𝔻𝔻 )i

𝔽𝔽i 𝔽𝔽i 𝕕𝕕i(𝔽𝔽n)

𝔽𝔽i

𝔽𝔽i 𝕕𝕕i *(𝔽𝔽n)

(𝔻𝔻 )Ti—

𝔻𝔻i 𝕕𝕕i(𝔻𝔻n)

𝔻𝔻i 𝔻𝔻i 𝕕𝕕i *(𝔻𝔻n)

𝔻𝔻i

𝔻𝔻i

𝔻𝔻i 𝕖𝕖i*a 𝔼𝔼i

̂ τi ̂ πi τi T

Redacted EffectEffectorMatch across CDS Options a 𝔼𝔼i

Proper Modality:

* = non-specified modal T = Template <blank> = putative (non-modal)

Index: “i” should not be taken as the same index.

Instead, it is a place-holder for a unique index of the IdeaElement instance shown.

underline instance ⅈ ⅈ ⅈ n-ary association2-ary association

# Primitive DF Actions Subscribe

IdeaElement

EffectEffectorMatch

BattleEffect

EffectorPack

DeliverablePackage

TimeWindow

RankTensor ⅈ

(𝔽𝔽 )i 𝕖𝕖i 𝕥𝕥i 𝕣𝕣i(𝕖𝕖𝔽𝔽 n)

(𝔻𝔻 )i 𝕖𝕖i a 𝔼𝔼i

̂ ei 𝕣𝕣i(𝕖𝕖𝔽𝔽 n) 𝕥𝕥i 𝕖𝕖𝔽𝔽i

DRAFT v0.05, 20231107, jez, DAF ABMS CFT 33

TM-BM.2.MEF Match Effectors Not just a-bomber-to-a-target…

Depth of Problem Solving in MEF:

• 1 Deliverable type to 1 Effector type to 1 BattleEffect

• Multiple Deliverable and Effector types

• Inclusion of DeliverableTactics and EffectorPlays

• Composite BattleEffects with mulit-objective optimization (ranking)

DeliverableSalvo (Reduce the Probability of failure) “Extra” deliverables are not strictly necessary

DeliverablePackage (single-type: scalar multiple necessary to achieve success)

DeliverablePackage (multiple-type: effect combination necessary to achieve success)

DeliverableTactic – simple (simple: unordered single-mode/mode-agnostic employment within some time window)

EMSO: j2s – single freq Cyber: DOS / DDOS for single service Sensor: image stationary target Lethal: n x (bomb) necessary damage Other: n x (RV seats) # pax EMSO: targeting sidelobes

Cyber: multiple attack vectors, DOS (1 ping only please) Sensor: counter LO Lethal: ripple missiles

EMSO: j2s – multiple freq Cyber: DDOS for multiple services Sensor: support combat ID, BDI/BDA Lethal: n x (blast) + m x (frag) Other: n x (RV seats) + m x (escort) All-Domain: bombs and decoys

EMSO: spectral herd Cyber: network herd, cyber kill-chain Sensor: Muti-spectral & Change Detect Lethal: Missiles + Bomb + Decoy Other: SOF support All-Domain: LRKC

DeliverableTactic – complicated (complicated: (partially) ordered employment in time & space)

EMSO: j2s – frequency agile, DRFM Info: Message ordering (for coherence) Sensor: track moving target, engagement support (search-track-target) Lethal: “5 of diamonds” bomb pattern Other: non-ambulatory then ambulatory

T (𝔽𝔽 )Ti—

(𝔽𝔽 )i—

𝔽𝔽i 𝔽𝔽i

𝔽𝔽i 𝕕𝕕i(𝔽𝔽n)

𝔽𝔽i

𝔽𝔽i

𝔽𝔽i 𝕕𝕕i *(𝔽𝔽n)

(𝔻𝔻 )i—

(𝔻𝔻 )Ti—

𝔻𝔻i 𝔻𝔻i 𝕕𝕕i(𝔻𝔻n)

𝔻𝔻i 𝔻𝔻i 𝕕𝕕i *(𝔻𝔻n)

𝔻𝔻i

𝔻𝔻i

𝔻𝔻i

𝔻𝔻i 𝕕𝕕i *(𝔻𝔻n) 𝕕𝕕i(𝔻𝔻n) 𝕖𝕖i a 𝔼𝔼i

̂ ei

̂ ei T 𝕖𝕖i*a 𝔼𝔼i

̂ τi ̂ πi τi T

Publish: RankTensor update a 𝔼𝔼i

Proper Modality:

* = non-specified modal T = BattleTemplate <blank> = putative (non-modal)

Index: “i” should not be taken as the same index.

Instead, it is a place-holder for a unique index of the IdeaElement instance shown.

underline instance ⅈ ⅈ ⅈ n-ary association2-ary association

𝔹𝔹

𝕨𝕨i 𝕨𝕨i 𝕥𝕥i

IdeaElement

BattleSpace

DecisionWeight

EffectEffectorMatch

BattleEffect

EffectorPack

DeliverablePackage

TimeWindow

RankTensor ⅈ

𝔹𝔹

𝕨𝕨i

(𝔽𝔽 )i 𝕖𝕖i 𝕥𝕥i 𝕣𝕣i(𝕖𝕖𝔽𝔽 n)

(𝔻𝔻 )i

Objectives

Effects

Targets

Proposal for Developing 6 (+1) Decision Advantage Machine Teammate Software Capabilities

BattleCOA production ensemble:

(Optional) TM-BC.2.EMP Enumerate Mission Priorities TM-BP.2.NTO Nominate Transformation Objectives TM-BA.2.SEH Specify Entity Hypotheses TM-BA.2.FHP Formulate Hypothesis Probabilities TM-BM.2.PAE Perceive Actionable Entities TM-BM.2.MEF Match Effectors TM-BM.2.GBC Generate BattleCOAs

• Team-of-Teams: DEV (C3BM/ABMS Software and Apps + vendors, AFRL developers + vendors, etc.) + OPS (ABMS CFT + Warfighter SMEs)

• Tasks:

• Assess TM Decision Functions (DFs) at the Tier-2 and/or Tier-3 level for plausible technology classes & types, i.e., some DFs may be perfect for Machine Learning solutions, others may be suitably addressed with “traditional” algorithmic approaches, and many will need blends of various computational technologies

• Survey industry & government for (partial) solutions that may be further developed, adapted, or incorporated

• Design microservice (combination of COT, GOT, new DEVOPS)

• Build microservice in compliance with DBN standards

• Validate through BattleLab (ShOC-N, virtual, etc.)

• Uses:

• MVP (fill gap)

• Replace existing capability

• Update DBN requirements

• Iterate: Produce new versions as new tech becomes available and viable, and expand to the rest of the DFs

Strike Packages

Missions

Strikers

DRAFT v0.04a, 11 Mar 2025, jez, ABMS CFT

Non-Functional (a.k.a. “—ilities”) Requirements for Decision Advantage

Transformational Model Methodology Requirements for Decision Advantage (Functional & Non-functional)

Decision Sensitivity Decision Specificity Decision Graceful Degeneracy Decision Superposition Decision Humility Decision Credibility Decision TimeWindow Awareness Decision Dependency Awareness Decision Centrality Awareness Decision Virality Awareness

Decision Provenance Awareness Decision Pedigree Awareness Decision Resourcing Potential Decision Error Mitigation Decision Dysfunctional Bias Rejection

Decision Queuing Decision Paralysis Decision Hoarding Decision Abdication

Functional (a.k.a. Behaviors) Requirements for Decision Advantage

AdverbsVerbs

Non-Functional (a.k.a. Performance) Requirements for Decision Functions

Validity

Informed-ness Incorrect-ness

PGP

FCC

ISU

PSA

SDM

DSG

PAE

AOP

MEF

GBC

SBC

IBC

EBI

Vertical cross-sections represent Distributions & always result in decision-making seams which must be adjudicated for DA.

or

Horizontal cross-sections represent Federations & always result in decision-making dependencies which must be adjudicated for DA.

PGP

FCC

ISU

PSA

SDM

DSG

PAE

AOP

MEF

GBC

SBC

IBC

EBI

Dynamic distribution & federation for optimal C2 performance

Battle Management Node

BM.2.

PGP

BM.2.

FCC

BM.2.

ISU

BM.2.

PSA

BM.2.

SDM

BM.2.

DSG

BM.2.

AOP

BM.2.

MEF

BM.2.

GBC

BM.2.

SBC

BM.2.

IBC

BM.2.

EBI

BM.2.

PAE

BM.2.

PAE

BM.2.

GBC

Battle Management Node

Supporting Battle Management

Node

Distributed Functions:

Same Function(s) Asynchronous

BM.2.

GBC

E-7

DDG

Space Ops Ctr

TOC-L

All BM Performed by the DBN

Example distribution & federation of Battle Management

Any C2+Intel Architecture can be described as a combination of

Distributions and Federations of

Decision Functions

Architecture Risk Analysis:

Seams Dependencies

DRAFT v0.05, 20231107, jez, DAF ABMS CFT 45

Transformational Model Methodology TM-BM BM.2.MEF: Illustration of Pub-Sub