Proposers_Day_Briefing_Slides_for_SXCT.pdf

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Squad X Core Technologies

(SXCT)

MAJ Christopher Orlowski

Proposers’ Day

February 27, 2015

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Squad X Core Technologies Proposers’ Day

Time Topic Speaker

0800 – 0900 Registration

0900 – 0915 Welcoming Remarks (Admin & Security) MAJ Christopher Orlowski, DARPA/TTO Ms. Tyna Gohmann, DARPA/SID

0915 – 0935 TTO Director Remarks Dr. Brad Tousley, Office Director, DARPA/TTO

0935 – 0955 Army Operating Concept COL Bryan Rudacille, DARPA Army Liaison

0955 – 1015 Squad Foundation of the Decisive Force (SFDF) Mr. Pat Berger, Deputy Director TCM-Soldier

1015 - 1035 Break

1035 – 1055 BAA and Contracting with DARPA Mr. Peter Donahue, DARPA/CMO

1055 – 1215 Squad X Core Technologies Program MAJ Christopher Orlowski, DARPA/TTO

1215 – 1335 No-host networking lunch

1335 – 1415 Question and Answer Session MAJ Christopher Orlowski, DARPA/TTO

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• The Proposers’ Day briefing is intended to provide an orientation to DARPA BAA-15-26 (can be found on fbo.gov, released 24 February 2015), and is solely for information purposes.

• The solicitation (BAA-15-26) supersedes anything presented or said by DARPA at the Proposers Day.

• Examples in this briefing (e.g., technologies, use cases) are chosen for ease of illustration only and do not constitute endorsement of any particular approach.

• Squad X Core Technologies is a DARPA program to develop new concepts and technologies to make dismounted forces more effective.

• Interested performers are expected to be able to articulate a clear and compelling vision for their technology, proposed course of research, and transition potential.

• We need your help to make this program a success!

Opening Comments

Why Squad X?

Iraq Afghanistan Desert Storm Vietnam Korea WWII Europe

• Extend and enhance the situational awareness of the rifle squad

• Provide small unit leaders with increased maneuver time and space

• Enable rifle squads to shape and dominate their battlespace

Squad X Vision

Goals:

• Enable echelons platoon and below to maneuver distributed, while maintaining the ability to fight concentrated and mass effects

• Provide small unit leaders increased maneuver time and space, in order to allow them increased decision time and tactical flexibility

Principles:

• Enable squads to adapt to and counter emerging threats in their battlespace

• Requires quantification of current and expected performance to effectively assess progress

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Paradigm Shift for Building Combat Power

Forces designed for linear, conventional operations;

challenged to adapt and be flexible across the range of military operations

Precision Effects and Intelligence Capabilities Today

Strategic

Tactical

Operational

Build Combat Power from the Rifle Squad Up

Precision Effects and Intelligence Capabilities Needed Tomorrow1

Squad X

Forces designed for linear and nonlinear, conventional and nonconventional operations;

adaptable and flexible across the range of military operations

1 Adapted from War From the Ground Up, Emile Simpson, Oxford University Press, 2012

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• Planned schedule: 18 Months

• Start 3QFY14; End 2QFY16 (through DARPA-SN-14-40)

• Conduct USA, USMC, and SOF Workshops:

• Concepts of Operations

• Capability alignment and maturation

• Transition paths and partners

• Perform Integration Studies and Define Reference Architecture

• Define open, common, commercially extensible Government-owned architecture

• Define key interfaces and standards

• Conduct Baseline Technology Evaluation

• Conduct Experimentation Site Selection and Operational Support

• Establish Tactical Edge Standards Board (TESB)

Squad X Infrastructure Study

Squad X Infrastructure Study Baseline

Head-up display/ night-vision device

Warfighter-Worn Sensors

Squad Networked

Communications Unmanned Air Vehicles

Common World Model Management

End-user Device/

SA applications

Ground Sensors

Unmanned Ground Vehicles

Warfighter Information Interaction Network Information Management Unmanned Information Interaction

Power Management

Artist’s Concept

Artist’s Concept

Artist’s Concept

Artist’s Concept

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• Workshop goals:

• Discuss desired squad system capabilities

• Identify emerging ConOps in rural and urban environments

• Draft squad system assessment metrics

• Interviews conducted with Squad Leaders and Platoon Sergeants

• 1-7 Marines at Twentynine Palms on 9 December 2014

• 1-8, 2-6, and 2-9 Marines at Camp Lejeune on 17 December 2014

• Marine Corps Warfighting Lab support and coordination for both events

• Key takeaways:

• Communications – lack of horizontal information flow; improved and increased communications was number one priority

• Response time – lack capabilities for rapid identification and response to threats

• Agility and flexibility – threats readily adapt to our TTPs, we need similar abilities to adapt

• Situational awareness – atmospheric changes in the operational environment;

friendly casualty notification

• Precision capabilities - kinetic and non-kinetic (left and right of bang)

Marine Corps Workshops

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• A new program that seeks to develop and deliver new technologies that would:

• Give dismounted squads enhanced situational awareness

• Enable them to shape and dominate their battlespace

What is the Squad X Core Technologies Program?

Artist’s Concept

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The Squad X Core Technologies program comprises four Technical Areas:

Technology Development Goals

1 Precision Engagement

Enable the rifle squad to precisely engage threats out to 1,000 meters while maintaining compatibility with infantry weapon systems and human factors limitations

2 Non-Kinetic Engagement

Enable the rifle squad to disrupt enemy command and control, communications, and use of unmanned assets to ranges greater than 300 meters while maneuvering at a squad-relevant operational pace

3 Squad Sensing Enable the rifle squad to detect line of sight and non-line of sight threats out to 1000 meters while maneuvering at a squad-relevant operational pace

4 Squad Autonomy

Enable the rifle squad to improve their individual and collective localization accuracy to less than 6 meters in GPS-denied environments through collaboration with unmanned systems maneuvering reliably in squad formations

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Army vs. Marine Squad

Fire Team 1

Rifleman

Grenadier

Automatic Rifleman

Team Leader

Fire Team 2

Rifleman

Grenadier

Automatic Rifleman

Team Leader

Squad Leader

Army Infantry Squad

Fire Team 1

Rifleman

Automatic Rifleman

Asst. Auto.

Rifleman

Team Leader/

Grenadier

Squad Leader

Marine Rifle Squad

Fire Team 2

Rifleman

Automatic Rifleman

Asst. Auto.

Rifleman

Team Leader/

Grenadier

Fire Team 3

Rifleman

Automatic Rifleman

Asst. Auto.

Rifleman

Team Leader/

Grenadier

Current Army Infantry Squad

Marine and Army Rifle Squads do not possess organic capabilities to shape their battlespace and deliver precision effects; they must rely on higher-echelon assets.

GPS

Army Infantry Squad

Current Marine Rifle Squad

A

A

A

Marine Rifle Squad

Marine and Army Rifle Squads do not possess organic capabilities to shape their battlespace and deliver precision effects; they must rely on higher-echelon assets.

SXCT seeks to deliver organic capabilities to the Rifle Squad that would enable them to shape their battlespace and deliver precision effects.

GPS

UAV

UAV

GPS

• Adapt, extend, and develop capabilities in four technical areas:

• Precision Engagement: Guided

Effects to Dominate the Battlespace

• Non-Kinetic Engagement:

Environmental Effects to Shape the Battlespace

• Squad Sensing: Fusion and Exploitation for Red Situational Awareness

• Squad Autonomy: Manned- Unmanned Teaming for Blue Situational Awareness

• Demonstrate the efficacy of the capabilities through experimentation

• Adapt, extend, and develop capabilities in four technical areas:

• Precision Engagement: Guided

Effects to Dominate the Battlespace

• Non-Kinetic Engagement:

Environmental Effects to Shape the Battlespace

• Squad Sensing: Fusion and Exploitation for Red Situational Awareness

• Squad Autonomy: Manned- Unmanned Teaming for Blue Situational Awareness

• Demonstrate the efficacy of the capabilities through experimentation

GPS

UAV

UAV

Squad Autonomy

UGV

UAV

UAV

UGV

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SXCT seeks to deliver organic capabilities to the Rifle Squad that would enable them to shape their battlespace and deliver precision effects.

GPS

UAV

UAV

Squad Autonomy

Squad Sensing • Adapt, extend, and develop capabilities in four technical areas:

• Precision Engagement: Guided

Effects to Dominate the Battlespace

• Non-Kinetic Engagement:

Environmental Effects to Shape the Battlespace

• Squad Sensing: Fusion and Exploitation for Red Situational Awareness

• Squad Autonomy: Manned- Unmanned Teaming for Blue Situational Awareness

• Demonstrate the efficacy of the capabilities through experimentation

UAV

UAV

UGV

UAV

UAV

UGV

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GPS

UAV

UAV

Squad Autonomy

Squad Sensing

Non-Kinetic Engagement

• Adapt, extend, and develop capabilities in four technical areas:

• Precision Engagement: Guided

Effects to Dominate the Battlespace

• Non-Kinetic Engagement:

Environmental Effects to Shape the Battlespace

• Squad Sensing: Fusion and Exploitation for Red Situational Awareness

• Squad Autonomy: Manned- Unmanned Teaming for Blue Situational Awareness

• Demonstrate the efficacy of the capabilities through experimentation

UGV

UAV

UAV

UGV

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UAV

UAV

Squad X Core Technologies – Army Rifle Squad

Precision Engagement

GPS

Squad Autonomy

Squad Sensing

Non-Kinetic Engagement

• Adapt, extend, and develop capabilities in four technical areas:

• Precision Engagement: Guided

Effects to Dominate the Battlespace

• Non-Kinetic Engagement:

Environmental Effects to Shape the Battlespace

• Squad Sensing: Fusion and Exploitation for Red Situational Awareness

• Squad Autonomy: Manned- Unmanned Teaming for Blue Situational Awareness

• Demonstrate the efficacy of the capabilities through experimentation

UGV

UAV

UAV

UGV

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Squad X Core Technologies – Marine Rifle Squad

UGV

UAV

UAV

Precision Engagement

GPS

A

A

A

UAV

UAV

Squad Autonomy

Squad Sensing

Non-Kinetic Engagement

UGV

• Adapt, extend, and develop capabilities in four technical areas:

• Precision Engagement: Guided

Effects to Dominate the Battlespace

• Non-Kinetic Engagement:

Environmental Effects to Shape the Battlespace

• Squad Sensing: Fusion and Exploitation for Red Situational Awareness

• Squad Autonomy: Manned- Unmanned Teaming for Blue Situational Awareness

• Demonstrate the efficacy of the capabilities through experimentation

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We are Open to Solutions

TA1 – Precision Engagement: Guided Effects

Leverage Existing Platforms

Navy Spike Missile

Scale to Squad Applications

Payoffs: • Cost-effective increase in firepower using existing platforms

• Organic ability to mass squad firepower without line of sight

Challenges: • Maneuverability, accuracy and control with cost and impulse constraints

• Efficacy of launchable sensors with commercial off-the-shelf components

M320 Grenade Launcher

Picatinny Rail

Adapt: Existing systems for dismounted warfighter applications

Extend: Open loop guided projectiles to closed loop guided projectiles

Develop: Launchable sensors for reconnaissance, surveillance, and target acquisition

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• Desired solutions:

• Guided weapon technologies that enable the rifle squad to precisely engage known non-line-of-sight threats in their battlespace

• Examples: advanced 40mm grenade, micro-missile

• Continuous closed-loop guidance of a projectile to target or initial closed-loop guidance followed by accurate terminal engagement

• Effectively leveraging the networked squad: accurately localized squad members (manned and unmanned) and shared squad information

• Novel, launchable sensors (e.g., small unmanned aerial vehicles)

• Compatibility with current squad equipment

• Examples: M203/M320 grenade launchers, Picatinny Rail system

• Specifically not desired:

• Developments in explosive payloads

• Evolutionary upgrades to existing rounds

• Solutions requiring excessive impulse forces on the Warfighter

• Open-loop ballistic guidance

• Developments that do not interface with infantry squad equipment

Concept Ideas – Precision Engagement

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• Phase I demonstrations should clearly illustrate performance against the program success metrics:

• Accuracy: 2m CEP

• Mass: ≤ 1.0 kg

• Recoil Energy: ≤ 70 joules

• Evaluations should include, at a minimum:

• Hardware-in-the-loop simulation with estimation of procurement cost

• Degree of interoperability with current rifle squad weapon systems

• Human factor impacts

Expectations – Precision Engagement

TA2 – Non-Kinetic Engagement: Environmental Effects

Reduce Warfighter Burden Counter Emerging Threats

Payoffs: • Disruption of enemy communications, command, and control

• Counters to unmanned threats

Challenges: • Coordinated effects from moving, disaggregated platforms

• Performance with limitations on size, weight, and power

Adapt: Existing and emerging systems for dismounted rifle squad applications

Extend: Singular capabilities through collaboration for increased performance

Develop: Counters to unmanned systems in the rifle squad battlespace

The full objectives and scope of Technical Area 2 can be found in the BAA’s classified addendum

©3d Robotics

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A - Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited 26 program success metrics:

• Squad Movement Speed ≥ 2 m/s

• Soldier SWaP – Mass < 900 g

• Soldier SWaP – Volume < 500 cm3

• Evaluations should include, at a minimum:

• Tactical demonstration in open terrain

• An estimate of size, weight, and power requirements to achieve program success metrics at the end of Phase II

Expectations – Non-Kinetic Engagement

TA3 – Squad Sensing: Fusion and Exploitation

Network the Squad’s Sensing

Payoffs: • System-level sensing not restricted to line of sight or physical domain

• Improved detection range, accuracy, and robustness

Challenges: • High accuracy and low false alarms over wide range of conditions

• Low size, weight, power and cost (SWaP-C)

Enhance the Squad’s Sensing

Adapt: Algorithms and multi-modal sensors for dismounted rifle squad employment

Extend: Single sensors through networked coordination for increased range and accuracy

Develop: Novel techniques for threat detection and identification

©Raytheon BBN © Kitware © JPL

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• Sensing

• Low-SWaP systems that can be carried by the manned or unmanned squad member

• Novel means to identify and localize threats in the squad’s operational environment, especially human threats

• Sensor arrays that network the squad’s sensing

• Directed sensors to eliminate the current sensing gap resulting from current rules of engagement

• Minimizing false alarms over realistic operating conditions

• Exploitation

• Novel exploitation techniques to classify threats in collected sensor data, especially human threats

• Methods that can perform within squad-level sensing and computing limitations

• This area is primarily a software development effort

• Evolutionary algorithm or sensor developments

• Significant hardware or software interface development

• Global, multi-scale common world model development

Concept Ideas – Squad Sensing

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A - Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited 29 program success metrics:

• Accuracy 0.9

• Squad Movement Speed ≥ 2 m/s

• Soldier SWaP – Mass < 350 g

• Soldier SWaP – Volume < 200 cm3

• Demonstrations should include, at a minimum:

• Live demonstration of capability with a representative fire team in open terrain

• An estimate of size, weight, and power requirements at completion of Phase II

Expectations – Squad Sensing

Payoffs: • Squad-level localization with heterogeneous agents in GPS-denied environments

• Manned/unmanned teaming at increased operational tempo with minimal interventions

Challenges: • Accuracy and drift, over both time and distance, with SWaP-C constraints

• Operational tempo in complex and dynamic environments

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TA4 – Squad Autonomy: Manned-Unmanned Teaming

Multiple Techniques and Platforms Squad-Relevant Behaviors

Adapt: Multi-agent techniques for human and machine collaborative localization

Extend: Current perception techniques for increased speed and robustness

Develop: Unmanned system behaviors (e.g., scouting and formation keeping)

© Thalmic Labs © Thalmic Labs

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• Localization

• Novel techniques to improve localization accuracy using multiple localization techniques

• Multi-agent localization across all members of the squad (manned and unmanned)

• Techniques must function in a GPS-denied environment

• Teams may assume the use of a priori data and that bandwidth is not a constraint

• Robotic Behaviors

• Technologies that enable heterogeneous (ground and air) unmanned vehicles to perform squad-level tasks as robotic team members

• Execute preparative and reactive actions with equivalent autonomy to junior squad members

• Techniques should support operational speeds up to 4 m/s with sufficient mobility to traverse cluttered urban and rolling open terrain

• Ideally, proposed efforts will address all elements of this technical area

• Alternately, teams may propose:

• Efforts to only develop human, collaborative localization technology

• Efforts to develop human-machine collaborative localization without autonomous behaviors

• Efforts to develop autonomous behaviors without addressing human-machine collaborative localization

Concept Ideas – Squad Autonomy

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• Unmanned platform development

• Evolutionary autonomy system development

• Developmental sensors

• Individual person or platform localization

• Machine-only collaborative localization and mapping

• Fully active sensor systems using traditional/fixed wavelengths (e.g., LIDAR at typical 850-905 nm ranges)

Concept Ideas – Squad Autonomy, continued

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A - Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited 33 program success metrics:

• Absolute position ≤ 6 m

• Interventions 0

• Soldier SWaP – Mass < 350 g

• Soldier SWaP – Volume < 200 cm3

• Demonstrations should include, at a minimum:

• Live demonstration of capability with a representative fire team in open terrain

• An estimate of size, weight, and power requirements at completion of Phase II

Expectations – Squad Autonomy

SXCT Program Plan

Q1

FY15

Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1

FY16

Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1

FY17

Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1

FY18

Q2 Q3 Q4

Phase 2

Phase 1

Concept Preliminary Design Review

Concept Development

Technology Maturation Kickoff

Concept Critical Design Review

Concept Demonstration

Execute Options

Reviews

Experiments

Efforts to be selected by this BAA

(DARPA-BAA-15-26)

Squad X Studies Efforts selected by

DARPA-SN-14-40

BAA Release

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• Squad X Core Technologies is not an integrated, squad system development program

• Proposers may assume (or solutions may leverage):

• Capabilities disaggregated across the rifle squad to include unmanned systems

• Networked communications between both human and machine members of the rifle squad

• Use of surrogates is encouraged:

• Unmanned system platforms

• Communication devices

• Interface(s)/display(s)

• We’re not prescribing the using of a specific radio, waveform, interface/display, or unmanned system

• Demonstrations

• In Phase I, teams will substantiate technology performance through a concept demonstration

• Modeling and simulation is expected in order to demonstrate projected capability

• Live demonstrations are preferred and encouraged

• Focus on the technology that is your strength

General Guidance

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• Proposers should not submit proposals that combine multiple Technical Areas into a single effort

• Teams may submit separate technical and cost proposals for each proposed technical area

• The purpose of this approach is to streamline the contracting process, not to restrict ideas or prevent entities from offering multiple technology solutions

• Proposers should strive to provide a clear understanding of the cost, risk, and organizational expertise to be used within each proposed effort

Multiple Technical Areas

DARPA will consider proposals that address multiple technical areas as non-responsive and will not evaluate them

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• Some aspects of the SXCT program are classified

• DARPA anticipates proposals submitted under this BAA will be a mixture of unclassified and classified efforts.

• When the classification of a submission is in question, refer to the SXCT Security Classification Guide (SCG), to determine the classification.

• The SXCT Classified Addendum and Security Classification Guide must be requested per instructions provided in the BAA.

• The BAA, including its SCG, contains all information required to submit a proposal for Technical Areas 1, 3, and 4.

• The BAA, its SCG, and the Classified Addendum contain all information to submit a proposal for Technical Area 2.

Classified Addendum & Security Classification Guide

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• Extend and enhance the situational awareness of the rifle squad

• Provide small unit leaders with increased maneuver time and space

• Enable rifle squads to shape and dominate their battlespace

Squad X Vision

Goals:

• Enable echelons platoon and below to maneuver distributed, while maintaining the ability to fight concentrated and mass effects

• Provide small unit leaders increased maneuver time and space, in order to allow them increased decision time and tactical flexibility

Principles:

• Enable squads to adapt to and counter emerging threats in their battlespace

• Requires quantification of current and expected performance to effectively assess progress

• Please submit your written questions via the cards provided

• This will allow us to capture the Q&A portion for those not able to attend

• Answers to the questions will be provided after lunch and posted to FBO.gov

• FAQ

• Will a copy of the presentation material be made available?

• Yes, once it has cleared public release

• How will proposals be ranked against each other?

• Proposals will not be compared to one another; each proposal will only be evaluated against the evaluation criteria provided in the BAA.

Questions www.darpa.mil

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