C05__Attachment_2_LSNFH_Infrastructure_Review_and_Alternative_Analysis_Report_Final_Redacted.pdf

Chapter 3: Identify Infrastructure Alternatives

Livingston Stone National Fish Hatchery Infrastructure Review and Alternative Analysis

68 March 2023

Chapter 3: Identify Infrastructure Alternatives

Summary of Findings The most cost efficient and programmatically viable infrastructure alternatives to maintain fish propagation programs at LSNFH, consistent with the programmatic goals and operations, were identified. These alternatives were developed with careful consideration of the hatchery’s current condition (Chapter 1) and future production goals (Chapter 2). The alternatives were based on a maximum production of 1 million pre smolts that could be reached under emergency conditions.

Development of alternatives was driven by extremely limited space in the hatchery’s existing footprint and existing infrastructure that was originally constructed as a temporary facility. Based on the existing constraints and future production goals, the project team identified the following three alternatives:

A. Incrementally rebuilding the hatchery at the existing site: minimizing rebuilding and allowing fish production to continue may be less disruptive in the near term, though this alternative will not offer the level of fish culture and operational improvements compared to other alternatives.

B. Rebuilding the hatchery at the existing site with a new, integrated building: a rebuild in the existing location will allow access to the existing water supply and does not require a new site, though would require temporarily moving production to an alternative location and the existing footprint hinders options to accommodate increased production goals.

C. Constructing a new facility at a different site: a new facility offers the advantage of uninterrupted production during construction and potential for an expanded footprint;

however, acquiring a new location and a reliable water supply could present challenges.

All three alternatives have common requirements to meet future production goals followed by site or situation specific considerations. To avoid redundancy, the requirements common to all three alternatives are detailed first. All three alternatives are then described individually with the design features specific to each alternative highlighted.

Each alternative considered existing and new technologies to increase fish production efficiency and appropriately sized and sustainable water use. Current and future climate conditions and long term maintenance requirements were also considered. Collectively, the recommended actions summarized in Table 48 and included in each of the three alternatives are necessary to maintain current and meet future production goals, as dictated by ESA requirements. Chapter 4 provides an analysis of biological and environmental risks of each alternative described below.

Review and Alternative Analysis

69 March 2023

Table 48. Recommended actions for Livingston Stone National Fish Hatchery

Key Element Recommended Action Operational or Aquacultural Purpose W at er

Su pp ly

Supply Redundant conveyance pipe

Although not considered under the three alternatives, an additional conveyance pipe to a new and/or separate head tower would provide redundancy and enhance the ability to achieve desired water temperatures.

Temperature Chillers Even with a new intake that provides colder water, chillers may be required to achieve proper temperatures and temperature stability, particularly at low lake levels.

Head Towers Second head tower or new head tower with multiple feeds

A second or new head tower provides redundancy to sensitive life stages (e.g., incubating eggs).

Water Supply Treatment

UV and screen filter water treatment facility

Pathogens may compromise the water supply, particularly with the release of Chinook Salmon upstream of Shasta Dam.

Water Distribution New pipes and valves The distribution system is at the end of its useful life and must be upgraded to provide reliable supply piping and valves of sufficient size.

Fi sh

Re ar in g In fr as tr uc tu re

Hatchery Building

New hatchery and office building

A new combined building mitigates risk of failures due to aging infrastructure and provides integrated space for programs.

Fish Culture Systems

Add space for support components

Additional capacity and temperature control will allow operators flexibility and capability to follow rearing schedules.

Adult Holding New, expanded facility Additional adult holding is required, including biosecurity and supply/drain systems for reliable operation.

Incubation New, expanded incubation room

Demands for winter run require additional stacks, including biosecurity and supply/drain systems for reliable operation.

Early Rearing New, expanded early rearing room

Demands for winter run require additional tanks, including biosecurity and supply/drain systems for reliable operation.

Juvenile Rearing

Dual drain circular tanks with new supply and drain systems

Allows for sufficient and reliable water supply, improves fish health, and reduces maintenance labor and response time. Upgrades will include biosecurity and supply/drain systems for reliable operation.

Captive Broodstock

Additional circular tank and dedicated spawning facility

Increases fish culture and operational flexibility. Upgrades will include a spawning facility, biosecurity, and supply/drain systems for reliable operation.

Delta Smelt New facility Expanded program requires more capacity for all life stages and feed production. Upgrades will include biosecurity and supply/drain systems for reliable operation.

Enclosed fish Culture Systems

Enclosed building(s) for fish culture

Enclosed systems reduce sunburn and predation, improve water quality by reducing algae growth, and improve spawning conditions.

Adult Sorting and Handling New facility A new facility (integrated with Adult Holding and Spawning) is required to sort fish (fish health/staff safety issue).

Spawning Facility

New spawning facility with adult holding

A combined sorting and spawning building will allow easier spawning, sufficient space for staff, and equipment that is aligned with program objectives.

Chemical Treatment

Dedicated space for proper chemical storage and new systems to treat fish with formalin

Provides proper safe storage of chemicals and a system to deliver formalin treatments. Avoids excessive handling and staff exposure to formalin and increases staff efficiency.

Ef flu en t

Effluent New effluent system with UV treatment and carbon filtration

Integrated effluent system will ensure meeting permit requirements and protect water quality in the Sacramento River.

Settling Pond Add abatement pond A settling pond will enable meeting effluent treatment requirements.

O th er Support

Buildings

Facility improvements to accommodate staff needs and support efficient operations

Residence is currently adequate, but additional needs exist for administrative space, power supply, alarm systems, potable water, and domestic sewer. A suitable shop is required for routine operations.

Review and Alternative Analysis

70 March 2023

Common Elements Across Alternatives Several issues with the current facility layout or condition of components have solutions that are similar across all three alternatives. Rather than reiterating the recommended actions for water supply, fish rearing infrastructure, collection and spawning, and support infrastructure that are common across each alternative, they are described here. Considerations that are specific to each of the three alternatives are detailed in the following section.

Hatchery Site The three alternatives for LSNFH consider two locations, the existing LSNFH site or building a new hatchery at another site. The existing site is fully developed but extremely confined by the current infrastructure. Hatchery operations are very crowded, resulting in safety concerns and operational challenges and inefficiencies. Steep, unusable terrain flanks the existing site to the south and north, and a public road that must be maintained runs alongside the hatchery. The existing site has a water supply and some infrastructure that could be retained and a planned upgrade to the power supply, though construction here would require stepwise abandonment and demolition of existing facilities.

Construction of new facilities would occur in a phased sequence and fish production would likely be temporarily relocated during periods. Construction would include installation of new pipelines in the roadway, resulting in periodic short term closures of the road and necessitating use of alternative routes for public and facility traffic. The construction process in the existing site would likely take longer than building in a new location, assuming property, power, and water are available.

While an alternative site has not been identified or confirmed, the Shasta Dam maintenance yard (Maintenance Yard) property across the river from the current location of LSNFH will be used as an example. The Maintenance Yard offers the advantages of using the same reliable water supply and a considerably larger footprint that would accommodate infrastructure needs for future normal and emergency production goals. The larger footprint would accommodate laydown and storage during construction. A new hatchery at the Maintenance Yard will allow LSNFH to continue normal operations during construction and is likely to take less time compared to phased construction or replacement of infrastructure in the existing footprint. New construction also allows greater flexibility in incorporating new equipment and construction of integrated buildings targeted at specific programs. A water supply main would have to be provided across the Sacramento River, likely supported by the existing bridge east of the LSNFH. Electrical power will also need to be supplied from station power. Following construction of the new hatchery facilities, the existing facilities would be removed, providing additional space adjacent to the dam for maintenance or other activities.

Water Supply and Delivery Production numbers provided by Reclamation and USFWS (Chapter 2) were used to develop a bioprogram to depict culture activities and estimate water use. The flow requirements for the current normal hatchery production peak during November, approaching 2,000 gpm (Table 49). However, production of winter run is anticipated to increase to a maximum of 1 million winter run pre smolts and the Delta Smelt program is anticipated to increase from one cohort of 33 MFGs to two cohorts of up to 40 MFGs each. The increased flow requirements are almost entirely driven by the Integrated Program:

the Captive Broodstock Program remains at 300 gpm per month and the Delta Smelt program uses less than 100 gpm. The flow requirements for the projected hatchery production peak during November and

Review and Alternative Analysis

71 March 2023

December, approaching 3,600 gpm (Table 50). All three alternatives are based on the goal of supplying 3,600 gpm (8 cfs) of water to the hatchery.

Table 49. Required flow (gpm) by month to meet current (normal) production goals at Livingston Stone National Fish Hatchery

Life Stage Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Winter run Chinook Salmon (Integrated Recovery Supplementation Program) Adult Holding 240 240 x x x x Spawning 240 240 240 240 240 Incubation 115 115 115 115 115 115 Early Rearing 360 360 360 Grow Out 666 666 666 666 Release – Pre Smolt x x x Winter run Chinook Salmon (Captive Broodstock Program) Captive Rearing 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 Spawning x x x Incubation x x 115 115 Early Rearing x x 756 756 Transfer x x Delta Smelt Embryo 4 4 Hatched Larvae 2 2 2 2 Late Larvae 10 10 10 10 Juvenile to Sub Adult 33 33 33 33 33 Sub Adult to Adult 11 11 11 11 11 11 Live Food Production1 1 1 1 1 Total 977 1,213 557 701 701 698 688 1,059 786 786 1,848 1,733

Note:

1. Live food production uses 100% recirculation. Water is required to fill tanks. 1 gpm is assumed to account for the minimal water use of this facility.

Table 50. Required flow (gpm) by month to meet future production goals at Livingston Stone National Fish Hatchery

Life Stage Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Winter Run Chinook Salmon (Integrated Recovery Supplementation Program) Adult Holding 480 480 x x x x Spawning 480 480 480 480 480 Incubation 135 135 135 135 135 135 Early Rearing 756 756 756 Grow Out 2,390 2,390 2,390 2,390 Release – Pre Smolt x x x Winter Run Chinook Salmon (Captive Broodstock Program) Captive Rearing 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 Spawning x 480 480 Incubation x x 115 115 Early Rearing x x 756 756 Transfer x x

Review and Alternative Analysis

72 March 2023

Life Stage Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Delta Smelt Embryo 5 5 Hatched Larvae 2 2 2 2 Late Larvae 13 13 13 13 Juvenile to Sub Adult 71 71 71 71 71 Sub Adult to Adult 19 19 19 19 19 19 Live Food Production1 1 1 1 1 Total 2,709 3,178 801 1,002 1,002 999 986 1,761 1,690 1,670 3,580 3,465

Note:

1. Delta Smelt live food production uses 100% recirculation. Water is required to fill tanks. 1 gpm is assumed to account for the minimal water use of this facility.

Reclamation is currently designing a second water source for the hatchery in addition to the penstock water source that the hatchery currently uses. The second water source would withdraw water from an intake in Shasta Dam at a 750 foot elevation, which would supply cooler water than the penstock source. This cooler water will make the facility more climate resilient from both a water temperature and water level standpoint and reduces mechanical chilling required during some years and seasons of operation. The new water source is planned to be constructed in 2023, and both water sources would continue to be used in the future. It is understood that the new water source is planned to be sized to provide up to 3,000 gpm of cooler water. The conveyance pipe would connect to the existing 12 inch water supply main rather than a second supply pipe to the hatchery. From a reliability standpoint, a second water supply main would be desirable, and since the 12 inch water main limits maximum flow to about 4,000 gpm, a second water main would provide opportunity for increased flow in addition to temperature mixing at the hatchery. However, a second water main is not considered an option with dam operations at this time. In addition to the cooler water source needed to reduce mechanical chilling, a water treatment system is needed to disinfect the supply water from potential pathogens due to planting Chinook upstream of Shasta Dam.

The alternatives analysis focuses on the hatchery facility from the proposed water treatment building downstream to the head tower and through the hatchery. It is assumed that the current water supply system from the three penstocks and the new intake at Shasta Dam, and the water conveyance from the Shasta Dam to the hatchery, will meet the needs of the hatchery in the future (3,600 gpm peak water use). It is assumed this water supply can be used to feed the Maintenance Yard site by constructing a pipeline across the Sacramento River, potentially using the existing bridge immediately downstream of Shasta Dam to support the pipeline.

Fish Health and Biosecurity Fish health and biosecurity are considered throughout the document and concepts to address fish health and biosecurity are included in the alternatives. Maintaining isolation between biosecure fish culture operations, keeping stress as low as possible on the fish, and proper fish culture hygiene are key elements to achieve and maintain a healthy and biosecure facility. Fish health and biosecurity and known pathogens were discussed in Chapter 1.

Review and Alternative Analysis

73 March 2023

Winter Chinook Integrated Recovery Supplementation Facilities New infrastructure to accommodate winter run should incorporate life stage workflows to minimize handling of fish, increase staff efficiency and safety, and maximize biosecurity (workflow depicted in Figure 35). The adult holding and grow out ponds can be used interchangeably depending on the season (Figure 36). Grow out tanks may be used to hold incoming adults that must be genetically screened before retaining as broodstock. In years when the pre smolt program exceeds approximately 830,000 fish, up to two adult vessels may be used to rear pre smolts. This approach reduces the number of juvenile tanks and offers flexibility. Strict biosecurity measures will be required.

Figure 35. Conceptual Hatchery Building layout depicting the winter run life stage flow sequence through the facility

Figure 36. Calendar of interchangeable use of Adult Holding and Grow Out facilities

Adult Holding Adult holding will require tanks totaling 4,800 cubic feet to accommodate 400 adults at 12 cubic feet per adult from February through August. Additional tank space is required for genetic screening of incoming

Review and Alternative Analysis

74 March 2023 adults. Water to water transfer from truck to holding pond should be incorporated. Two of the adult holding vessels could be used for grow out of pre smolts which would be an efficient use of the limited space available at the existing site. Once pre smolts are released in late February, the tanks could be repurposed again for incoming adults and broodstock holding, allowing larger numbers of broodstock to be held when necessary. The adult holding and spawning facility will be biosecure from the rest of the hatchery facility.

A spawning area that facilitates accessing and handling the adults, space for spawning and collecting samples and biological data, and space to temporarily store carcasses is required to effectively meet program objectives. The facility will be designed for fish sampling, sorting, and spawning and will incorporate crowders, an anesthetic tank and system (e.g., AQUI S® or electronarcosis), and fish handling workspace. The spawning area will be integrated with the adult holding facility, both of which will be biosecure from the remainder of the hatchery. In addition to a spawning area to accommodate four staff, fish rack, table, egg stripping station, milt stripping station, cryopreservation equipment, and space to hold carcasses in totes, the following three possible vessel configurations can meet the needs of the adult holding area:

1. Four circular tanks that are 20 feet in diameter and 4 feet deep

2. Four rectangular adult ponds that are 10 feet × 44 feet and 3.5 feet deep, with crowders and brail

3. Three rectangular 10 foot x 46 foot x 3.5 foot depth adult ponds with crowders and brail

Rectangular tanks are more space efficient and offer advantages when sorting and removing fish, mainly due to the simplicity of crowding fish to one end. Circular tanks are more easily cleaned because they use dual drains—overflow side drains and manually controlled bottom drains—that allow removal of concentrated waste material while the tank remains in operation. Circular tanks are generally less expensive to construct because they are typically constructed from fiberglass reinforced plastic rather than concrete.

The options for adult holding vessels do not substantially alter the floor space requirements. The alternatives in this report use 20 foot circular vessels for adult holding (comparable to Figure 37) but this does not preclude other options when the new facility is designed.

Source: The Freshwater Institute

Figure 37. Circular adult holding tank with a side box for handling adult fish

Review and Alternative Analysis

75 March 2023

Incubation and Early Rearing A biosecure room is required for incubation, egg treatment, and early rearing. Chemical storage is also required, with a formalin treatment system for incubation. The current facility (23 stacks of 16 Heath Trays per stack) will be expanded to 27 stacks, or 64 additional trays to bring capacity to 432 total trays.

Two rows of incubation stacks in a separate biosecure room will be needed, with the ability to partition at least two groups to accommodate the possibility of both Integrated and Captive Broodstock program fish simultaneously. The water delivery system requires green sand filters and chilling capabilities to meet desired water quality. Tanks used for early rearing will need to increase from 60 to 125 thirty inch round fiberglass tanks to meet current and future production goals. Since the Captive Broodstock and Integrated programs overlap, flexibility in biosecurity will be required to partition early rearing as needed (e.g., a curtain system). Chemical storage and delivery systems with proper ventilation and effluent handling are required for formalin treatments.

Juvenile Rearing (Grow Out) The Juvenile Rearing facility will primarily be used for the Integrated but may be used to rear progeny of captive broodstock if needed. The facility will use one or more adult holding vessels for grow out when the program exceeds the design capacity of the grow out vessels. The grow out facility will have ten 20 foot diameter fiberglass dual drain circular tanks (comparable to Figure 38). One or more of the tanks may be used to hold incoming adult salmon for genetic screening when pre smolts are not present. This facility will be biosecure from the rest of the hatchery. The options for using different diameter grow out vessels (e.g., 16 foot diameter) do not substantially alter the floor space needs. For the purposes of this report, ten 20 foot circular vessels for grow out were assumed. However, this should not preclude exploring other options when the new facility is being designed.

Figure 38. Circular 26 foot diameter grow out tanks at Melvin R. Sampson Coho Facility, WA

Captive Broodstock Facility The Captive Broodstock Program will require one additional 12 foot diameter fiberglass circular tank (i.e., 6 total), biosecurity for each individual tank, improved ergonomic workspace around the tanks, efficient fish handling options, and a dedicated spawning area. The five existing 12 foot diameter

Review and Alternative Analysis

76 March 2023 fiberglass circular tanks may be reused. The updated facility will be enclosed in a new building to prevent exposure to extreme heat and sunlight. To accommodate different photo periods for males and females, the facility can be divided by curtains, or possibly walls. The spawning area requires space to accommodate four staff, a fish rack, table, egg stripping station, milt stripping station, cryopreservation equipment, and an area to hold carcasses in totes. The spawning area will be biosecure from the rest of the hatchery. Regardless of the hatchery location (current site or Maintenance Yard), the captive broodstock facility requires these upgrades to meet program objectives. For all locations, the captive broodstock building will be separated from the fish rearing building(s) to maximize biosecurity.

Delta Smelt Facility Existing Delta Smelt operations are conducted in temporary facilities using limited equipment and space.

The program is physically isolated from the Chinook Salmon program but uses the same water supply. A new Delta Smelt facility is required to rear the planned larger program and provide biosecurity. The facility will be constructed at a new location, either across the road from the existing site (in Alternatives A and B) or at a new site (e.g., the Maintenance Yard in Alternative C). Isolation of the Delta Smelt program from the Chinook Salmon programs is preferred in all alternatives for biosecurity, so the programs will be housed in separate buildings. The facility design will be sequenced to accommodate live feed production, incubation and larval rearing, and older fish rearing (Figure 39). The building will also include an administrative area with office space and restrooms and a shop.

Increased capacity will be required in each component of the new Delta Smelt facility. Unlike the Chinook program that uses dry feed, Delta Smelt larvae use live feed that must be propagated on site.

The live feed room will require five 40 gallon rotifer tanks, four 1 foot artemia tanks, a sink, a counter, and filtration equipment. The incubation (embryo) and hatched larvae rearing room will consist of 14 two liter upwell jars and 14 twenty liter circular tanks. The late larvae room will consist of forty 110 liter circular tanks, and the juvenile to sub adult room will consist of forty five 400 liter circular tanks.

The sub adult to adult rearing room will include five 1,000 liter circular tanks and five 400 liter circular tanks. An example layout of a Delta Smelt facility is shown in Figure 40. The facility will also have dimmable lighting with photoperiod control. Curtain systems would be used for biosecurity in the event that both embryos and larvae are incubated at the same time. All rooms will be biosecure.

Figure 39. Conceptual Delta Smelt Building layout depicting the life stage flow sequence through the facility

Review and Alternative Analysis

77 March 2023

Source: https://fccl.ucdavis.edu/facilities/

Figure 40. Delta Smelt facility at the University of California, Davis Fish Conservation and Culture Laboratory Upper left: egg incubation system; upper right: larval rearing tanks; lower left: juvenile tanks; lower right: sub adult to adult tanks

Effluent Handling Currently, LSNFH operates under the NPDES fish production poundage limit. The facility currently uses carbon filters to treat water carrying formalin or Malachite Green before discharge to the Sacramento River. The Delta Smelt program at LSNFH is outside of the natural range of Delta Smelt, requiring disinfection of effluent, which the facility currently treats with UV irradiation to sterilize the water that is discharged to the Sacramento River. LSNFH does not have a pollution abatement pond but employs carbon filtration for water carrying chemicals from fish treatments. Carbon filtration will continue to be used in the newly rebuilt hatchery. The carbon filtration system will be sized to provide adequate treatment capacity for the chemical treatment flows produced when the hatchery is at peak production.

This flow is expected to be a subset of the total hatchery flow because chemical treatment is generally not facility wide or in constant use. The new Delta Smelt facility will continue to use UV irradiation to sterilize the effluent from the facility. Filtration may be added upstream of the UV system. The UV system will be sized to meet the effluent discharge from the Delta Smelt facility at peak production. The increased program sizes and need to treat fish with formalin, Malachite Green, and medicated feed (currently not possible at LSNFH) support the need for a pollution abatement pond. Hatchery settling pond designations and design guidelines are described in the Idaho Waste Management Guidelines for

Review and Alternative Analysis

78 March 2023

Aquaculture Operations (IDEQ 1997). The existing site could accommodate a pollution abatement pond west of the new Delta Smelt facility (Alternatives A and B) and the Maintenance Yard has adequate space north of the new hatchery (Alternative C). The pollution abatement pond could also be designed and constructed later if it is not found to be required to meet the initial requirements of the facility.

Each alternative will include three parallel piping systems for hatchery effluent:

1. The overflow drain system collects water that overflows from tanks, ponds, and other hatchery facilities. Water entering the overflow drain system will typically contain low concentrations of fish waste, uneaten feed, or other particles. The overflow drain system will connect to all portions of the hatchery and will flow by gravity to the Sacramento River like the existing drain system.

2. The cleaning waste drain system collects water containing concentrated waste from the bottom of circular tanks and other locations where settled materials are cleaned out of tanks. This system will flow by gravity to a drum filter system that will remove solids and discharge the filtered water to the overflow drain system. Waste filtered out by the filter system will be pumped by a submersible pump station to the pollution abatement pond, if it is constructed, or to a storage tank if the pond is not initially constructed. In order to facilitate gravity flow to the drum filter, it is assumed that the drum filter and pump station will be located at a low point on the site or below grade in precast concrete basins, but other configurations can be considered during hatchery design.

3. The chemical drain system collects water containing formalin, Malachite Green, or other chemicals requiring treatment. This system will flow by gravity to the carbon filters, and after passing through the filters will discharge to the overflow drain system. In order to accommodate the increased flows of the new facility, it is assumed that two new carbon filters will be required in parallel with the two existing filters.

Electrical, Controls, and Alarms The electrical supply to the existing LSNFH will be upgraded, including the addition of a backup generator equipped with an automatic transfer switch and on site fuel storage capable of powering the entire hatchery. Electrical systems, controls, and alarms must be improved with any upgrades planned for the facility to power the new equipment and maintain safe operation and monitoring. The hatchery requires a SCADA system that would include central monitoring and alarm systems with on site and off site annunciation. A SCADA system would increase operational efficiency, reduce response time during a failure event that could result in loss of fish, and allow collection of critical operation data over time.

These data are used by hatchery operators to make adjustments that improve fish health and survival (Figure 41). The existing internet connection to LSNFH is unreliable. Improved internet access should be considered to provide full functionality for communications, SCADA, and alarms.

Review and Alternative Analysis

79 March 2023

Figure 41. SCADA system HMI (Human Machine Interface) main screen and Water Supply screen at Walla Walla Hatchery, OR

Supporting Components Each of the three alternatives will require updates for support facilities, including a shop or storage, feed storage, and dedicated chemical storage. The shop and chemical storage could be attached to or adjacent to the new Delta Smelt facility. It is desired that storage for feed is refrigerated to maintain temperature below 50°F. LSNFH currently has a domestic water supply and sewer system; a new hatchery (e.g., at the Maintenance Yard) would require adding these systems. The existing residence at LSNFH is in good condition. The hatchery residence will be maintained at the current site. If a new, distant site is chosen, a new residence may be required at this site to meet response time criteria.

Code, Construction Materials, and General Design Considerations The Hatchery and Shop and ancillary buildings will typically be designed as F 2 occupancy, Type II B non combustible construction subject to the requirements of the 2022 California Building Code (Title 24) and the 2018 Fire Code. The maximum allowable area for this type of construction is 23,000 square feet without sprinklers, and 92,000 square feet with sprinklers. Offices (Ancillary B occupancy) will be assumed to be separated from hatchery spaces with a 2 hour wall rating. Separate buildings will be assumed to be 20 feet apart to avoid fire resistance ratings. Buildings less than 20 feet apart from each other will require rated exterior walls. Solar readiness is required to be not less than 15% of total roof area. The administration areas will be Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) accessible. Current buildings do not meet these codes and have worker safety issues due to poor ergonomics, lack of space, and proximity to the public road.

Construction will be pre engineeredmetal buildings with 8 inch horizontal girts and purlins with an exterior envelope of insulated metal panels. These will typically be 4 inch thick with integrated standing seam at the roof, with 2 inch thick panels at the walls. Roofs will have a central gable with gutters and downspouts on each side. Foundations and floors will typically be concrete mat slabs, with specialized protective coatings in areas subject to salt or chemical use. All perimeter hatchery and shop walls will have 6 inch raised curbs to facilitate cleaning, and curbs will be provided as needed in interior rooms. Areas where salt or chemicals are used will also be provided with interior washable wainscot paneling on walls.

Unlike the existing facility, the new facility will use buildings to protect fish rearing systems and equipment from deterioration due to sun exposure, weather, falling trees, predation, and other unpredictable conditions. Buildings will be designed to support the fish life stage and process systems

Review and Alternative Analysis

80 March 2023 required in each area. Trenches covered with grates in the floor slab should be used to both accommodate drainage from rearing vessels and provide a corridor for pipe systems. This will maximize flexibility should program changes occur in future years. Supply pipes can be located in either grate covered trenches or overhead, providing ease of maintenance and modification.

The offices, Live Feed Room, Hatched Larvae room, and Embryo room will be provided with full heating and cooling. Other areas will be heated to 55°F and forced air ventilation provided, but cooling can be added at areas if required to mitigate summer working conditions. All lighting will be LED, with occupancy sensors in office areas.

Unique Elements Across Alternatives Details that are specific to each of the three proposed alternatives are provided in the following sections. The requirements described above for the water supply, hatchery buildings, electrical, controls, alarms, and supporting components are applicable to all three alternatives but options specific to each alternative are described below. The three alternatives can be summarized as:

A. Incrementally rebuilding the hatchery at the existing site: minimizing rebuilding and allowing fish production to continue, although a temporary alternative fish production location is likely to be needed during construction. This alternative may be less disruptive in the near term, though will not offer the level of fish culture and operational improvements compared to other alternatives.

B. Rebuilding the hatchery at the existing site with a new, integrated building: a rebuild in the existing location will allow access to the existing water supply and does not require a new site, though would require temporarily moving fish production to an alternative location and the existing footprint hinders options to accommodate increased production goals.

C. Constructing a new facility at a different site: a new facility offers the advantage of uninterrupted fish production during construction and potential for an expanded footprint;

however, acquiring a new location and a reliable water supply could present challenges.

Alternative A: Incremental Improvement of Existing Hatchery Alternative A is based on incremental improvements to the facility. To the extent possible, facilities will be rebuilt in their current location, although some components will be relocated to maximize efficiency in space or operations. This approach offers the advantage of continuing to use the existing water supply and head tower and the existing electrical power supply, which is currently planned to be upgraded. Alternative A negates the need to identify and procure a new site or need to identify water supply, power, and critical infrastructure needs. However, it requires complicated strategies and construction sequence planning to maintain fish production while the facility is under construction, which could last for several years, and the new facilities will still be constrained by the space limitations of the existing site. The conceptual layout for Alternative A is shown in Figure 42 and APPENDIX B, and is followed by descriptions of how each component would be addressed under this alternative.

Ch ap te r3

:I de nt ify

In fra st ru ct ur e Al te rn at iv es

Liv in gs to n St on e Na tio na lF ish

Ha tc he ry In fra st ru ct ur e Re vi ew an d Al te rn at iv e

An al ys is

M ar ch

Fi gu re

.C on ce pt ua ls ite la yo ut fo rA lte rn at iv e A:

In cr em en ta lI m pr ov em en to fE xi st in g Ha tc he ry ,L iv in gs to n St on e N at io na lF ish

Ha tc he ry

Review and Alternative Analysis

82 March 2023

Water Supply and Delivery Alternative A will include some changes to the water supply, filtration, and delivery system. The three existing penstock taps and one new intake (planned for 2023) will not be changed when the hatchery is upgraded. The water supply main to the existing head tower will also remain in place. Chillers and generators for the full facility water cooling will generally remain in their current locations with the total number of required chillers expected to be reduced due to the planned intake modifications and use of enclosed, insulated buildings. The incubation chillers will be moved from their current location south of the facility to a new, more accessible and shaded location north of the new incubation building.

MWH (2016) identified a water treatment facility to remove pathogens from the water supply to LSNFH, though this has not been constructed. Alternative A incorporates the new water treatment building east of the captive broodstock facility to house the preferred alternative (UV disinfection and screen filtration) in the MWH report. Location and configuration of the water treatment facility will be further developed during design of the hatchery facilities. Bypass pipes will be provided at the water treatment facility and head tower to allow maintenance to be conducted without interrupting flow to the hatchery.

A new water distribution system will connect the head tower to the hatchery facilities and will be designed to provide sufficient water to each component of the new hatchery facilities. In general, all pipes, valves, and other components will be replaced downstream of the connection point at the new water treatment facility. This will be done incrementally as new facilities are constructed. Water distribution to the existing facility was constructed in an add on manner as a solution to maintain or improve the temporary hatchery and has become unreliable with pipe breaks and no way to isolate and repair pipes without complete shutdown. The proposed distribution system would run separate mainlines and branch connections to each point of use. Incubation and early rearing will have a dedicated prioritized supply pipe that can be shared with the Delta Smelt facility since demand is low. A separate pipe will supply grow out and adult holding, and a separate pipe will supply the captive broodstock building. Each pipe would be separately connected to the head tower. Isolation valves at points of connection and branch lines would be provided. To construct the system in a logical and maintainable layout, the main pipelines would be installed in the road in front of the buildings rather than under the buildings. Branch pipelines would then extend into the buildings with isolation valves at the main pipeline connection points. A conceptual piping layout for Alternative A is shown in Figure 43 and APPENDIX C. Pipe sizing for the conceptual piping layout is shown in APPENDIX C.

Effluent Handling Alternative A will require the construction of new overflow drain, cleaning waste drain, and chemical drain systems. Overflow drains will connect to each hatchery building and flow to a collector pipe on the south side of the main hatchery building, which will discharge to the existing outfall on the south side of the hatchery building. Cleaning waste drains will connect to each hatchery building area with tanks that are expected to produce concentrated waste, will flow to a collector pipe in the access road, and will discharge to the effluent filter system and pump station located northwest of the main hatchery building. Chemical drains will connect to each hatchery building area using chemical treatments, will flow to a collector pipe parallel to the overflow drain collector pipe, and will discharge to the carbon filters that will be located west of the main hatchery building.

te r3

:I de nt ify

In fra st ru ct ur e Al te rn at iv es

Liv in gs to n St on e Na tio na lF ish

Ha tc he ry In fra st ru ct ur e Re vi ew an d Al te rn at iv e

An al ys is

M ar ch

Fi gu re

.C on ce pt ua lp ip in g la yo ut fo rA lte rn at iv e A:

In cr em en ta lI m pr ov em en to fE xi st in g Ha tc he ry ,L iv in gs to n St on e N at io na lF ish

Ha tc

Review and Alternative Analysis

84 March 2023

Winter Chinook Integrated Recovery Supplementation Facilities The Integrated Program will include upgrades to the holding/spawning facility, incubation and early rearing facility, and grow out facility. The adult holding and spawning facility will be located on the site of the current outdoor circular tanks, raceways, and Delta Smelt buildings (Figure 42). Holding tanks will be located to the west of the existing building with an integrated spawning facility. Access to transfer adults from hatchery transport trucks will be included in the design. The spawning facility will be located within the holding facility and will allow staff to easily handle, sort, and spawn fish, including collecting data and biological samples and cryopreserving semen.

The incubation and early rearing facility will be east of the holding and spawning facility to maximize efficiency and minimize handling of fish or eggs. Sand filters sized for program incubation needs will be included in the facility, and the existing incubation chillers will be relocated adjacent to the incubation room to ensure appropriate water quality and temperature for incubation. Grow out tanks will be located east of the incubation facility, approximately on the site of the old hatchery building (Figure 42).

Captive Broodstock Facility The captive broodstock facility will remain in its current location. The five existing tanks will be reused, a sixth tank will be added, and the entire tank collection enclosed in a new building. A dedicated spawning area will be included in the building, as well as providing for moving fish in and out of the building. The entire broodstock facility will be enclosed and biosecure from the rest of the hatchery facilities.

Delta Smelt Facility The Delta Smelt facility will be located in the vicinity of the current shop, storage sheds, and existing small spawning building. The facility will be designed to accommodate live feed production, incubation and larval rearing, and older fish rearing. The building will also house offices and restrooms for the hatchery. A shop and storage area will also be attached to this building.

Alternative B: New Construction at the Existing Location Alternative B is based on new construction at the existing LSNFH site. This offers the advantage of continuing to use the existing water supply, head tower, and power supply, which is scheduled for an upgrade. Like Alternative A, this plan avoids the need to identify and procure a new site with water supply, power supply, and critical infrastructure. However, it requires complex strategies and construction sequence planning to maintain fish production while the facility is under construction, which could last for several years, and the new facilities will still be constrained by the space limitations of the existing site. It will require establishing temporary fish culture facilities for some or all the programs. Alternative B is an approach to completely rebuilding the facility, with emphasis on redundancy in the water system, a new, integrated hatchery building with more administrative space, and a new Delta Smelt facility across the road. Captive broodstock would remain in the same location but have a sixth tank and spawning area added and be enclosed in a new building. Each major facility is presented below. In some cases, more than one option is described within a facility. The conceptual layout for Alternative B is shown in Figure 44 and APPENDIX B, followed by descriptions of how each component would be addressed under this alternative.

te r3

:I de nt ify

In fra st ru ct ur e Al te rn at iv es

Liv in gs to n St on e Na tio na lF ish

Ha tc he ry In fra st ru ct ur e Re vi ew an d Al te rn at iv e

An al ys is

M ar ch

Fi gu re

.C on ce pt ua ls ite la yo ut fo rA lte rn at iv e B:

N ew

Co ns tr uc tio n at

Ex ist in g Lo ca tio n, Li vi ng st on

St on e N at io na lF ish

Ha tc

Review and Alternative Analysis

86 March 2023

Water Supply and Delivery Alternative B will include some changes to the water supply, filtration, and delivery system. The three existing penstock taps and one new intake (planned for 2023) will not be changed when the hatchery is upgraded. The water supply main to the existing head tower will also remain in place. Chillers and generators for the full facility water cooling will generally remain in their current locations with the total number of required chillers expected to be reduced due to the planned intake modifications and use of enclosed, insulated buildings. The incubation chillers will be moved from their current location south of the facility to a new, more accessible and shaded location east of the new incubation building. Reclamation plans to install recently procured chillers and generators to replace the existing rented units.

The existing head tower will remain in place and a second head tower will be constructed to provide flexibility in case of a water outage or maintenance. The head towers will be configured with internal weirs or other structures to ensure that flow is maintained to critical portions of the hatchery, such as incubation, if the water supply is reduced due to maintenance or an emergency.

MWH (2016) identified a water treatment facility to remove pathogens from the water supply to LSNFH, though this has not been constructed. Alternative B incorporates the new water treatment building east of the captive broodstock facility to house the preferred alternative (UV disinfection and screen filtration) in the MWH report. Location and configuration of the water treatment facility will be further developed during design of the hatchery facilities. Bypass pipes will be provided at the water treatment facility and head tower to allow maintenance to be conducted without interrupting flow to the hatchery.

A new water distribution system will connect the two head towers to the hatchery facilities and will be designed to provide sufficient water to each component of the new hatchery facilities. In general, all pipes, valves, and other components will be replaced downstream of the connection point at the new water treatment facility. This will be done incrementally as new facilities are constructed. Water distribution to the existing facility was constructed in an add on manner as a solution to maintain or improve the temporary hatchery and has become unreliable with pipe breaks and no way to isolate and repair pipes without complete shutdown. The proposed distribution system would run separate mainlines and branch connections to each point of use. Incubation and early rearing will have a dedicated prioritized supply pipe that can be shared with the Delta Smelt facility since demand is low. A separate pipe will supply grow out and adult holding, and separate pipe will supply the captive broodstock building. Each pipe would be separately connected to the head tower. Isolation valves at points of connection and branch lines would be provided. To construct the system in a logical and maintainable layout, the main pipelines would be installed in the road in front of the buildings rather than under the building. Branch pipelines would then extend into the buildings with isolation valves at the main pipeline connection points. A conceptual piping layout for Alternative B is shown in Figure 45 and APPENDIX C. Pipe sizing for the conceptual piping layout is show in APPENDIX C.

te r3

:I de nt ify

In fra st ru ct ur e Al te rn at iv es

Liv in gs to n St on e Na tio na lF ish

Ha tc he ry In fra st ru ct ur e Re vi ew an d Al te rn at iv e

An al ys is

M ar ch

Fi gu re

.C on ce pt ua lp ip in g la yo ut fo rA lte rn at iv e B:

N ew

Co ns tr uc tio n at

Ex ist in g Lo ca tio n, Li vi ng st on

St on e N at io na lF ish

Ha tc

Review and Alternative Analysis

88 March 2023

Effluent Handling Alternative B will require the construction of new overflow drain, cleaning waste drain, and chemical drain systems. Overflow drains will connect to each hatchery building and flow to a collector pipe on the south side of the main hatchery building, which will discharge to the existing outfall on the south side of the hatchery building. Cleaning waste drains will connect to each hatchery building area with tanks that are expected to produce concentrated waste, will flow to a collector pipe in the access road, and will discharge to the effluent filter system and pump station located east of the Delta Smelt building.

Chemical drains will connect to each hatchery building area using chemical treatments, will flow to a collector pipe parallel to the overflow drain collector pipe, and will discharge to the carbon filters which will be located west of the main hatchery building.

Winter Chinook Integrated Recovery Supplementation Facilities The hatchery building for the Integrated Program will be located on the site currently occupied by the Delta Smelt building, outdoor rearing area, existing hatchery building, and holding. This building will include a biosecure room for adult holding and spawning, a biosecure room for incubation with egg treatment space, a biosecure room for early rearing, a biosecure room for grow out, chemical storage and a formalin treatment system, offices, a…