BORRecreationFacilitiesDesignGuidelines_.pdf

U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation Denver, Colorado April 2013

Recreation Facility Design Guidelines

Lake Cascade, Idaho — Comfort Station

U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation Denver, Colorado April 2013

Mission Statements

The mission of the Department of the Interior is to protect and provide access to our Nation’s natural and cultural heritage and honor our trust responsibilities to Indian Tribes and our commitments to island communities.

The mission of the Bureau of Reclamation is to manage, develop, and protect water and related resources in an environmentally and economically sound manner in the interest of the American public.

Table of Contents Page

Chapter i

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER II

DESIGN DATA CHECKLIST

A. ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS

B. PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE SITE

C. GENERAL USER INFORMATION

D. SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS AND NEEDS

E. LAND USE AGREEMENTS

F. FACILITY OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE THAT AFFECT SITE DESIGN

G. SITE AESTHETICS INFORMATION

H. BUILDING REQUIREMENTS

I. ACCESSIBILITY REQUIREMENTS

J. SECURITY REQUIREMENTS

CHAPTER III

RECREATION FACILITY DESIGN GUIDELINES

A. SUSTAINABILITY IN DESIGN

B. ACCESSIBILITY OF FEDERALLY OWNED PROPERTIES

C. ENTRANCE STATION

D. CAMPING FACILITIES

E. PICNICKING FACILITIES

F. RV TRAILER DUMP STATIONS

G. COMFORT STATION BUILDINGS

H. BOATING FACILITIES

I. FISHING FACILITIES

J. FOOT TRAILS

K. RECREATION AREA ROADS & MISCELLANEOUS ACCESS

L. UTILITIES

CHAPTER IV

MANUFACTURED SITE COMPONENTS

A. CAMPGROUND COMPONENTS

B. SIGNS

C. DOCKS

D. PREMANUFACTURED TOILET ROOM BUILDING

E. FLOATING TOILET ROOMS

F. MOVEABLE/FLOATING TOILET ROOMS (WITH MICROFLUSH TOILETS)

G. BRIDGES

H. MARINA BREAKWATERS/WAVE ATTENUATORS

I. ACCESSIBLE LOADING PLATFORM FOR BOATERS

J. ACCESSIBLE FISH CLEANING STATIONS

K. ACCESSIBLE FISHING PIERS

REFERENCES

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS…………………………………………….………..iii ii

OTHER SOURCES OF INFORMATION

APPENDIX A – ENTRANCE STATION

APPENDIX B – CAMPING AND PICNICKING FACILITIES

APPENDIX C – TRAILER DUMP STATIONS

APPENDIX D – COMFORT STATION BUILDINGS

APPENDIX E – BOATING FACILITIES

APPENDIX F – FISHING FACILITIES

APPENDIX G – RECREATION AREA ROADS AND UTILITIES

APPENDIX H – FOOT TRAIL AND BEACH ACCESS

FOOT TRAILS

A. TRAIL ACCESS

B. TRAILHEADS

C. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

BEACH ACCESS

A. BEACH ACCESS ROUTES

B. CONDITIONS FOR EXCEPTION

iii

Acronyms and Abbreviations

ABA Architectural Barriers Act

ABAAS Architectural Barriers Act Accessibility Standards

ADA Americans with Disabilities Act Standards for Accessible Design

D&S Reclamation Manual Directives and Standards

EO Executive Order

MUTCD Manual for Uniform Traffic Control Devices

NFPA National Fire Protection Association

ODAAG Outdoor Developed Areas Accessibility Guidelines (Draft Final Accessibility Guidelines for Outdoor Recreation Areas)

ORAR Outdoor Recreation Access Route

Reclamation Bureau of Reclamation

RV Recreational Vehicle

SSLE Security, Safety, and Law Enforcement

WALROS Water and Land Recreation Opportunity Spectrum

Recreation Facility Design Guidelines Chapter I Introduction

Chapter I Introduction

These guidelines provide an initial design data checklist and examples of recreation facility design details. Use of these guidelines can assist in the planning and budget processes, reduce design costs, and provide consistent and compliant designs. The Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation), its managing partners, and concessionaires are encouraged to use these guidelines in the design and development of new recreation facilities and the rehabilitation of existing facilities. Partners are reminded that plans must be reviewed and approved by Reclamation staff prior to any construction on Reclamation lands. These guidelines may not be applicable to sites in primitive or semi-primitive settings. As new designs, technology, and materials are developed, they can be added to these guidelines and existing material can be re-evaluated as appropriate.

Executive Order (EO) 13514, Federal Leadership in Environmental, Energy, and Economic Performance, dated October. 5, 2009, directs all agencies of the Federal Government to support their missions in an environmentally, economically, and fiscally sound, integrated, continuously improving, efficient, and sustainable manner. It also mandates goals of energy and water consumption reductions, among others. In response to that directive, these guidelines support the sustainability requirements of EO 13514 in all new and retrofitted construction.

The data provided in this document are not intended to be used directly for the acquisition of recreation infrastructure or in the preparation of specifications or drawings for the acquisition of recreation infrastructure.

The printed material, including appendices, contained herein is available on Reclamation’s Recreation website under the Publications link.

These guidelines incorporate the most recent accessibility guidance from the U.S. Access Board’s Draft Final Accessibility Guidelines for Outdoor Developed Areas (ODAAG), published October 19, 2009. When a final rule for ODAAG is published, these guidelines will be amended as necessary to incorporate the Final ODAAG.

The ODAAG covers six areas to provide accessibility for persons with disabilities:

• Campgrounds and campsites.

• Picnic areas.

• Viewing areas.

http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/DCPD-200900783/pdf/DCPD-200900783.pdf http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/DCPD-200900783/pdf/DCPD-200900783.pdf http://www.usbr.gov/recreation/ http://www.usbr.gov/recreation/publications.html http://www.access-board.gov/outdoor/draft-final.htm http://www.access-board.gov/outdoor/draft-final.htm

Recreation Facility Design Guidelines Chapter I Introduction

• Outdoor recreation access routes (ORARs).

• Trails and trailheads.

• Beach access routes.

All other design guidelines (e.g., comfort stations, parking, boating, and fishing facilities) contained herein that specifically address accessibility were taken from the existing and legally-enforceable Architectural Barriers Act Accessibility Standards (ABAAS) that govern facilities built with Federal funds as well as the Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Standards (2010 Standards) that govern facilities built by State and local governmental entities.

The accessibility standards must be followed to ensure compliance with the laws, regulations, and standards. All other material throughout this document is guidance.

http://www.access-board.gov/ada-aba/aba-standards-gsa.cfm http://www.access-board.gov/ada-aba/aba-standards-gsa.cfm

Recreation Facility Design Guidelines Chapter II Design Data Checklist

Chapter II Design Data Checklist

Adequate design data must be collected and ample coordination must be accomplished to ensure successful execution of design activities. The originating office and the office providing the design services must agree on the required content, degree of detail of the design data, and the schedule for receiving the design data. Refer to Reclamation Manual, Directives and Standards (D&S), FAC 03-03, Design Activities, and its Appendix A; and Reclamation Technical Service Center's Design Data Collection Guidelines, Chapter 3 Feasibility Designs, Part 13, Recreation Facilities. This ensures compliance with Reclamation Manual Policy and D&S.

The following additional items to the checklist enhance this communication by outlining the information that may be required when planning and designing outdoor recreation facilities.

Note: Much of the data needed for design may have already been collected as part of an earlier planning process. Missing data could be collected by the originating office or the designer could be tasked with the additional data collection.

A. Environmental Requirements

• National Environmental Policy Act

• Clean Water Act

• Cultural Resource Protection Laws

• National Historic Preservation Act

• Endangered Species Act

• Tribal Consultation

B. Photographs of the Site

• Color photographs of the site, including close-ups of existing features (buildings or structures).

• Problem or hazardous or cultural areas to avoid.

• Location of proposed or existing facilities.

• Location of possible access points to the site.

• Aerial photos (8- by 10-inch size, color if possible, at a scale that allows vegetation to be identified).

http://www.usbr.gov/recman/fac/fac03-03.pdf http://www.usbr.gov/recman/fac/fac03-03.pdf http://www.usbr.gov/recman/fac/fac03-03.AppA.pdf http://intranet.usbr.gov/~tsc/guidance/design/Chapter3/Chap3_Sec13.pdf http://intranet.usbr.gov/~tsc/guidance/design/Chapter3/Chap3_Sec13.pdf

Note: All photos should be labeled and keyed to the site map.

C. General User Information

• Anticipated or existing user activities and needs (e.g., fishing, hiking, water skiing, etc.).

• Demographics of typical users (e.g., age, physical abilities, etc.).

• Length of typical stay (e.g., a few hours, overnight, a few days, etc.).

• Length of the recreation season.

• Maximum number of persons to use the site at one time.

• Recreation equipment the typical user is expected to bring and the spatial/physical site requirements.

• Utility requirements of the typical user (e.g., water, electricity, etc.).

D. Specific Requirements and Needs

(This information may be adopted from previous planning documents.)

• Desired level of development (e.g., urban, rural, semi-primitive -reference Reclamation’s Water and Land Recreation Opportunity Spectrum Handbook [WALROS]).

• Recreation master plans prepared for the area.

• Availability of water for flush toilets, showers, laundry, etc.

• Number of pullthrough sites with shade shelters.

• Number of shade shelters.

• Number of group-use areas.

• Number of recreational vehicle (RV) sites with full utility hookups (e.g., water, power, sewer, etc.).

• Number of day-use sites.

• Location of playground, if any.

• Facilities that need to be replaced or upgraded to meet local codes and standards.

• Facilities that need to be replaced or upgraded to meet Federal accessibility standards.

• Site-specific issues that were identified during the planning stage.

• Identification of restricted use areas (e.g., non-motorized areas, cultural sites, wetlands, etc.).

• Interpretive program planning.

http://www.usbr.gov/recreation/publications/WALROS_Handbook_2011.pdf http://www.usbr.gov/recreation/publications/WALROS_Handbook_2011.pdf http://www.usbr.gov/recreation/publications/Interpretation-Education.pdf

• Environmental commitments that affect the design.

• Reservoir water surface levels (i.e., at season’s highest, average summer pool, and the season’s lowest).

• Concession services required.

• Any factors physically limiting recreation (e.g., frequency and depth of flooding in flood plains).

• Lighting standards.

E. Land Use Agreements

• Restrictions to land uses (i.e., easements and rights-of-way).

• Land ownership boundaries and legal jurisdictions.

• Description of land uses.

• Name of adjacent managing partners and types of agreements, if applicable.

F. Facility Operations and Maintenance that Affect Site Design

• Fee collection methods and location.

• Facility security (refer to managerial status in WALROS).

• Requirements to close off one part of a facility from another.

• Requirements for vandal-proof materials.

• Roads and buildings needed for general maintenance of the area and their associated spatial and functional requirements.

• Visitor centers (Refer to Reclamation Manual Policy, LND P13, and D&S, LND 13-01, Visitor Centers.

• Visitor contact station.

• Informational signs or kiosks.

G. Site Aesthetics Information

(From a site analysis.)

• Favorable views to incorporate.

• Loud or objectionable sounds that need to be physically blocked, if possible.

• Objectionable views to be screened, if possible.

http://www.usbr.gov/recreation/publications/WALROS_Handbook_2011.pdf http://www.usbr.gov/recman/lnd/lnd-p13.pdf http://www.usbr.gov/recman/lnd/lnd13-01.pdf

• Views of the project from offsite. This would be important if there were a need to locate the development where it would not be seen from certain vantage points offsite.

• Major site features of interest to be developed into the design as focal points.

• Air quality.

• Existing vehicular and pedestrian traffic patterns, shown in design plan view.

H. Building Requirements

• Code restrictions (i.e., International Building Code, State, and local).

• Site-specific data (i.e., snow, wind, seismicity, and soil parameters).

I. Accessibility Requirements

• ABAAS, Appendices C Scoping and D Technical Requirements of

36 CFR 1191.

• 2010 ADA Accessibility Standards.

• Reclamation Manual Policy, CRM P03, Public Civil Rights.

• Reclamation Manual D&S, CRM 03-01, Nondiscrimination on the Basis of Disability in Federally Conducted Programs, Activities, and Services.

J. Security Requirements

• Specific review of facility security by Regional Security, Safety, and Law Enforcement (SSLE) officers.

http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title36-vol3/pdf/CFR-2011-title36-vol3-part1191-appC.pdf http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title36-vol3/pdf/CFR-2011-title36-vol3-part1191-appD.pdf http://www.ada.gov/regs2010/2010ADAStandards/2010ADAStandards.pdf http://www.usbr.gov/recman/crm/crm-p01.pdf http://www.usbr.gov/recman/crm/crm03-01.pdf http://www.usbr.gov/recman/crm/crm03-01.pdf http://www.usbr.gov/recman/crm/crm03-01.pdf

Recreation Facility Design Guidelines Chapter III Design Guidelines

Chapter III Recreation Facility Design Guidelines

These recreation design guidelines often exceed minimum dimensions and standards. The guidelines are based on experience and best design practices for current recreation facilities and users.

A. Sustainability in Design

Designers should make decisions with sustainability in mind. Choose manufacturer’s site components that are made of recycled materials.

Use materials for construction that are recycled or available locally.

Use solar lighting and power for buildings whenever possible. Select components that minimize the use of water. For more considerations to aid in sustainable development, consult the U.S. Green Building Council's Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, 2009 Green Building Design and Construction Reference Guide for new construction and major renovations.

Note: There is a charge for this reference.

B. Accessibility of Federally Owned Properties

All properties constructed, remodeled, added to, or rehabilitated after 1968 must comply with the requirements of the Architectural Barriers Act of 1968 (ABA), as amended and adopted by the General Services Administration in its Federal Management Regulation. The ABA requires such properties to allow for access to, and independent use by, people with disabilities. Standards, including scoping, dimensions, and other conditions, have been prescribed per the ABA. Designers must be aware of these standards and design and construct facilities accordingly. Refer to the U.S. Access Board, the ADA National Network, the National Center on Accessibility, and the U.S. Justice Department's ADA website for additional guidance, including the supplemental publications, research, and training opportunities.

C. Entrance Station

The entrance road to a recreation area should be nearly level with the primary road, so that maximum safety and minimum grading can be achieved. It is recommended that the entrance station be located on the road that leads into the recreation area and at least 150 feet off the primary road.

http://www.usgbc.org/ http://www.usgbc.org/ http://www.usgbc.org/Store/PublicationsList_New.aspx?CMSPageID=1518 http://www.usgbc.org/Store/PublicationsList_New.aspx?CMSPageID=1518 http://www.access-board.gov/about/laws/ABA.htm http://www.access-board.gov/about/laws/ABA.htm http://www.gsa.gov/portal/ext/public/site/FMR/file/Part102-_76.html/category/21859/#wp2015654.

The designer should consider the size of the vehicles that will be coming through the entrance area and ensure there will be no obstacles. This is especially true where houseboats will be coming through the entrance area. In addition, the designer should consider combining the contact station with the site office into one building where those two functions occur at the same area. All new or rehabilitated entrance areas must be accessible1 and may include the following features:

• At least two incoming traffic lanes.

• Parking spaces for at least two cars, one of which must be a van-accessible parking space.

• An ORAR that includes a 60-inch by 60-inch clear space in front of signs and any fee station, and that connects to the access aisle of the accessible parking space(s).

• Informational signs.

• A self-service fee depository.

• Overhead site lighting.

• Vehicular turnaround space both inside and outside the entrance station.

• An outgoing traffic lane.

Traffic service lanes in the area of the entrance station should be a minimum of 12 feet wide. Walkways shall be a minimum of 5 feet wide and must meet accessibility standards. Signs, lighting, and any fee depository shall be located adjacent to the ORAR. Walkways shall be cross-sloped at a maximum of 2.08 percent. Entrance area lighting should be provided at a level appropriate for safety. Designs for entrance areas should be reviewed for security compliance with the SSLE Office.

Any fee depository will be designed for self-service and shall comply with accessibility requirements. Consider an electronic fee collector system that complies with Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act. A non-electronic fee depository should include an accessible writing surface with a midline height 30 inches off the ground and a fee slot

1 The term “accessible,” as used throughout this document, means to be usable by persons with disabilities and in compliance with orarABAAS.

34 inches off the ground. Self-service lanes in the area of the entrance station should be a minimum of 20 feet wide. Refer to Appendix A - Entrance Station.

D. Camping Facilities

1. Campground Layout —

Each campground layout design should be reviewed onsite to ensure that grade transitions can be accomplished smoothly and without costly post-construction remedial efforts. When siting the roads in a campground, full consideration should be given to aesthetic factors, smooth traffic flows, and site topography as well as cut and fill balances. It is important that proposed field changes be approved by the appropriate designers. In all cases, picnic grounds and campsites should be sited with the emphasis on safety, program goals, and eliminating user conflicts.

Comfort stations should be sited so that trampling and erosion impacts, as well as intrusions on other campsites, are minimized.

Reasonable effort should be made to provide vegetative screening at those campsites nearest the comfort station to maximize privacy and minimize disturbance from the activities at the comfort station. Placement of vault comfort stations should be downwind from the prevailing winds for odor management at campsite or other campground activities. Accessible parking spaces and ORARs shall be provided at each comfort station.

Lighting within a campground should be low intensity and provide illumination only where necessary for safety. Light fixtures should aim the light at the ground rather than into the night sky. Lighting at comfort stations should illuminate the external sidewalks and nearby ground surfaces. Choose lighting sources that use the least electricity, such as light-emitting diodes. Refer to the Dark Sky Society link for information regarding night lighting.

Each campground should have a permanent display that contains a site map or plan that effectively communicates site layout, accessible features, regulations, and items of interest and their relative locations. The map must meet accessibility requirements, including providing tactile and/or Grade II Braille characters for persons with sight impairments and using symbols, pictographs, pictograms, color, and hierarchical language for effective communications with persons who have cognitive impairments.

All facilities within the campground, such as comfort stations, parking lots, and accessible campsites, as well as places of interest, shall be linked by an ORAR. Portions of an ORAR can http://www.darkskysociety.org/ http://www.darkskysociety.org/ follow the circulation road so long as that is the pathway taken by others.

Campgrounds shall meet or exceed the minimum accessible scoping requirement. Refer to Section D.5. Accessible Campsites, of this chapter. Accessible sites shall be dispersed throughout the campground and offered in several preferred types, including RV (pull-through, back-in), tent, walk-in, boat-in, group, etc. If the minimum scoping requirement has not yet been met, then apply the scoping requirement where campsites are altered or added until the minimum requirements are met.

Contact an accessibility specialist for more information, including applicable exceptions.

2. Campground Utilities and Trash —

Utilities and trash receptacles in campgrounds may be provided in various combinations and locations. The operable parts of all utilities and trash receptacles within accessible campsites shall be within a 15-inch to 48-inch reach range. Operable parts for water hydrants and water utility hookups must be between 28 inches and 36 inches above the finish ground surface. The clear space at and around the utilities and trash receptacles shall have a firm and stable surface. (A stable surface remains unchanged by applied force so that when the force is removed, the surface returns to its original condition. A firm surface resists deformation by indentation.) If the surface is concrete, asphalt, or boards, the clear ground space slope shall be no more than 2.08 percent in any direction throughout the entire surface area. If the surface is other than concrete, asphalt, or boards, then the clear ground space slope is allowed to increase up to 3.33 percent in any direction if needed for drainage (but not for other reasons).

a. Electricity:

When electricity is provided to a campsite, it should be provided in a covered and grounded electrical box that is mounted to a post or in a manufactured assembly that includes a ground fault interrupter. The post should be located on the driver’s side of the parking spur at a point 0 to 15 feet from the rear of the spur. In addition, the accessible site shall have a minimum 30-inch by 60-inch accessible clear space adjacent to, and centered on, the post. Locate the space so that the hook-ups are at the rear center of the space. The long side of the clear space should adjoin or overlap an accessible parking space or pull-up space for recreational vehicles. The post, as well as other manufactured electrical boxes, should be protected by a steel guard post located 18 to 24 inches away on the side nearest the road. Bollards or other barriers shall not obstruct the clear space required in front of the hook-ups. Guard posts should be 4 to 5 inches in diameter and filled with concrete. Warning tape should be placed in the trench above the electric lines.

Electrical facilities at each campsite should be sized to comply with National Electrical Code.

b. Water:

Water provided should be from a water hydrant or water spigot and, in some cases, includes a splash basin. All water sources should include a backflow preventer. In instances where both a drinking fountain and a water hydrant or water spigot are provided at the same site, both features should share the same splash basin and underground supply lines, if feasible. Refer to Appendix B - Camping and Picnicking Facilities. When water alone is to be provided to a campsite, the splash basin should be located no closer than 5 feet from the road in the vicinity of the general living area of the site.

When water and electricity are both to be provided at a campsite, the hydrant or spigot should be located on the driver’s side of the parking spur at a point 15 feet from the rear of the spur. Guard posts should be installed as described above. The water line and electrical line should be installed in the same trench when appropriate, according to codes, and there is to be a warning tape just above the electrical line.

c. Accessible Water Hydrants and Spigots:

Hydrants and spigots, other than water utility hookups (included below), that are located along a campground ORAR or at an accessible campsite, shall have a 48-inch by 72-inch minimum accessible clear space centered on the water hydrant, with the long side of the space adjoining or overlapping an ORAR or another clear ground space. Locate the space so that the water spout is 11 inches minimum and 12 inches maximum from the rear center of the long side of the space. The spout shall be located between 28 inches and 36 inches above the ground surface. The splash basin must have a level accessible surface. If a grate is used, the openings in the grate shall not allow the passage of a 0.5-inch-diameter sphere or dowel rod and the openings shall be placed perpendicular to the dominant direction of travel. If the surface is concrete, asphalt, or boards, the clear ground space slope shall be no more than 2.08 percent in any direction throughout the entire surface area. If the surface is other than concrete, asphalt, or boards, then the clear ground space slope is allowed to increase up to 3.33 percent in any direction if needed for drainage (but not for other reasons). In all cases, the clear space shall be firm and stable. (A stable surface remains unchanged by applied force so that when the force is removed, the surface returns to its original condition.

A firm surface resists deformation by indentation.)

d. Accessible Water Utility Hookups:

The water utility hook-up shall have a 30-inch by 60-inch minimum accessible clear space adjacent to, and centered on, the post. Locate the space so that the hook-up is at the rear center of the space. The long side of the clear space must adjoin or overlap an accessible parking space or pull-up space for recreational vehicles. Bollards or other barriers shall not obstruct the clear space required in front of the hook-

up. If the water hydrant has a water spout, it shall be located between 28 inches and 36 inches above the ground surface.

If the surface is concrete, asphalt, or boards, the clear ground space slope should be no more than 2.08 percent in any direction throughout the entire surface area. If the surface is other than concrete, asphalt, or boards, then the clear ground space slope is allowed to increase up to 3.33 percent in any direction if needed for drainage (but not for other reasons). In all cases, the clear space shall be firm and stable. (A stable surface remains unchanged by applied force so that when the force is removed, the surface returns to its original condition.

A firm surface resists deformation by indentation.)

e. Sewer Hookups:

When water and sewer hookups are located at the same spur, the two hookups should be separated by at least 8 to 10 feet.

In addition, the accessible site shall have a minimum 30-inch by 60-inch accessible clear space adjacent to, and centered on, the post. Locate the space so that the hook-ups are at the rear center of the space. The long side of the clear space must adjoin or overlap an accessible parking space or pull-up space for recreational vehicles. Bollards or other barriers shall not obstruct the clear space required in front of the hook-ups. Refer to Appendix B– Camping and Picnicking Facilities.

f. Wireless Internet Hookups:

Consider providing wireless Internet access where appropriate.

g. Trash:

Trash receptacles within accessible campsites shall meet the standards. If more than one is provided within the campsite, then 20 percent, but not less than two, trash receptacles shall be accessible and located on an ORAR. When trash receptacles are located in public use or common use areas that serve the accessible camping sites, 20 percent of the receptacles shall be accessible, and be located on, or adjacent to, an ORAR. The accessible receptacles shall have a minimum clear space of 36 inches by 48 inches positioned for forward approach to the receptacle opening, or 30 inches by 60 inches positioned for a parallel approach to the receptacle opening. The surface of the clear space shall be firm and stable. (A stable surface remains unchanged by applied force so that when the force is removed, the surface returns to its original condition. A firm surface resists deformation by indentation.)

3. Campsite Parking Spurs —

Two preferred types of campsite parking spurs are back-in and pullthrough. Single-wide parking spurs should be 14 feet wide, and double-wide spurs should be at least 24 feet wide (for accessible campsite parking, refer to Section D.3.c. below).

Parking spurs should be constructed of compacted road base, asphalt, or concrete. The minimum parking spur length should be long enough to accommodate a trailer plus a towing vehicle such as a car or truck. Parking spurs should be designed for the vehicles that will be using them. Refer to Appendix B – Camping and Picnicking Facilities. Back-in spurs that require a change in grade from the main road of more than a few inches should be avoided.

a. Back-In Parking:

Back-in spurs may be located on either side of a one-way road, but preferably on the left side for driver’s side visibility.

Back-in spurs may vary in length to accommodate site features. The preferred spur to road angle for back-in is 30 to 40 degrees, as measured from the road. Back-in spur angles should not exceed 60 degrees. Refer to Appendix B – Camping and Picnicking Facilities.

b. Pullthrough Parking:

Pullthrough campsites should be located only on the right side of the road so the living space is away from any road traffic.

These pullthrough spaces should be a minimum of 100 feet long. Refer to Appendix B – Camping and Picnicking Facilities.

c. Accessible Campsite Parking:

RV parking spaces at accessible campsites shall be 20 feet wide minimum; except where there are two adjacent parking spaces, then one space is permitted to be 16 feet wide minimum. Additional parking spaces at an accessible site for any kind of vehicle other than recreation vehicles shall be a minimum of 16 feet wide, except where there are two adjacent parking spaces, then one parking space is permitted to be 8 feet wide minimum. If the surface is concrete, asphalt, or boards, the clear ground space slope shall be no more than

2.08 percent in any direction throughout the entire surface area. If the surface is other than concrete, asphalt or boards, then the clear ground space slope is allowed to increase up to

3.33 percent in any direction if needed for drainage (but not for other reasons). In all cases, the clear space shall be firm and stable throughout the entire surface area. (A stable surface remains unchanged by applied force so that when the force is removed, the surface returns to its original condition.

A firm surface resists deformation by indentation.) Parking spaces shall have a minimum vertical clearance of 98 inches.

Note: If this is a first come first served campground, then it is recommended to post a sign at each accessible space(s) to identify them.

4. Campsite Layout and Components —

The living area of each campsite should be located to the right or rear of the parking spur. This location is preferred because the doors of recreational vehicles are on the right side (passenger side of the vehicle) when facing the direction of traffic flow. Each campsite should include a picnic table, fire ring, and/or pedestal grill. Highly developed facilities in hot, shadeless areas that service a large number of visitors may feature shade shelters for campsites. It is recommended that at least one-half of the campsites accommodate a tent space, either included within the designated overall living area or separate, but associated with the site’s larger living area. The designer should strive to create privacy and a buffer zone between adjacent spaces. It is preferred, but not required, that site components in non-accessible campsites comply with accessibility standards. This is because the site will then be usable by more people than it would otherwise be. Refer to Appendix B – Camping and Picnicking Facilities.

a. Picnic Tables:

The table should be of heavy-duty construction. The recommended minimum length is 8 feet and shall meet accessibility scoping requirements and standards. It is recommended that a variety of wheelchair-seating locations be provided (e.g. end, center, or side access) and that the edges of the bench seats be painted on either side of the wheelchair-seating location to alert persons with visual impairments that no bench seat is present in the space.

Picnic tables shall provide one wheelchair space for each 24 linear feet of usable table surface perimeter.

b. Fire Ring:

Placement of tent pads and location of bushes, brush, and trees should be considered when siting fire ring location to reduce potential fire hazards. The fire ring should also be downwind from the table during the prevailing evening winds to avoid fire hazards and to minimize smoke in the living area.

In all cases, the ground surface under the fire ring and for 2 inches beyond the edge of the fire ring should be of compacted road base or gravel, but never non-fireproof concrete, due to the danger of extremely hot concrete exploding. Refer to Appendix B – Camping and Picnicking Facilities.

c. Pedestal Grill:

The grill should be located at the edge of the living area and downwind from the table. It is recommended that the cooking surface of the pedestal grill be large enough for a camp stove to be set upon it and be stable. The grill should be installed so that the cooking surface is not more than 34 inches above the living area surface. Refer to Appendix B – Camping and Picnicking Facilities.

5. Accessible Campsites —

All accessible campsite components shall comply with accessibility standards and be connected to other accessible campground and common use features by an ORAR. The different types of campsites offered (RV, tent only, walk-in, boat-in, etc.) must be scoped separately and the minimum number of each type provided. Placement of the accessible campsites shall be provided within desirable locations and not always near or next to the comfort station or vault toilet. If more than one accessible site is provided they shall be dispersed throughout the campground depending upon the type of experience offered.

Plans for, and construction of, all accessible campsites should be reviewed by an accessibility specialist to ensure compliance.

The number of accessible campsites to be provided depends upon the number of campsites within the campground and shall be scoped as shown on the ODAAG table listed below:

An accessible campsite shall include an accessible table that has a minimum 36-inch-wide clear pathway around all usable sides (measured from the back edge of the bench seats), and meets knee and toe clearance requirements. The table should be fixed to the ground so it cannot be moved into a noncompliant position.

Each table should have a wheelchair space that is 30 inches by 48 inches minimum and positioned for a forward approach. It is recommended that a variety of wheelchair-seating locations be provided (e.g. end, center, or side access). Picnic tables shall provide one wheelchair space for each 24 linear feet of usage table surface perimeter.

Note: If a center-cut or side-cut table is used, it is recommended that a warning be painted on the ground or around the edges of the cut surface with color that contrasts sharply with the surrounding concrete to alert persons with visual impairments that there is no bench seating in this location.

Accessible campsites will provide the same features as other sites within the campground (tent pad, pedestal grill, fire pit, etc.). If there is a tent pad or tent platform, it shall be surrounded on all usable sides by a 48-inch x 48-inch clear ground space. If a pedestal grill or fire ring is provided, there shall be a 48-inch by 48-inch minimum clear maneuvering space around all usable sides of the grill or fire ring. The clear ground space must be centered on the fire ring or grill. The fire-building surface shall be

9 inches minimum high. The cooking surface shall be between 15 and 34 inches high. If there is a raised edge around the fire ring (e.g. the fire ring is surrounded by a concrete barrier), then the depth of the edge or barrier must not be more than 10 inches.

All features within the campsite shall be accessible and connected by an ORAR. All features shall have clear maneuvering space that complies with the standards. The surface throughout the living area and the clear maneuvering spaces shall be firm and stable. (A stable surface remains unchanged by applied force so that when the force is removed, the surface returns to its original condition. A firm surface resists deformation by indentation.) If the surface is concrete, asphalt, or boards, the clear ground space slope shall be no more than 2.08 percent in any direction throughout the entire surface area. If the surface is other than concrete, asphalt, or boards, then the clear ground space slope is allowed to increase to 3.33 percent in any direction if needed for drainage (but not for other reasons).

E. Picnicking Facilities

1. General Description —

Picnic sites should include a picnic table and a pedestal grill. The use area should be sloped 1.5 percent maximum to drain. The toilet facility should be located in a convenient location, near the picnic sites. A recommended distance is within 300 feet of the parking area. Picnic sites shall meet or exceed the minimum accessible scoping requirement. Accessible picnic sites shall be dispersed throughout the area at several preferred locations, including under trees or shade shelters, in sun, near water or preferred sight lines, etc. Accessible picnic sites should include any features offered within other picnic sites. Refer to Appendix B

– Camping and Picnicking Facilities.

2. Group Picnic Sites —

Traditionally, Reclamation has designed its recreation facilities with a specific goal of providing individual, or single family, recreation experiences. However, societal trends and demands are increasingly for group sites. To keep up with demand, it is recommended more group experiences be offered.

It is recommended that group picnic sites be added to any major capital investment and recreation facility upgrade by Reclamation and/or its managing partners. Group picnic sites should incorporate large covered group shelters (where feasible), grouped and larger picnic tables, and larger grills. The group site shall also provide accessible features within the site. Accessible features must be connected by a compliant ORAR.

3. Picnic Site Components –

a. Picnic Tables:

The table should be of heavy-duty construction and be at least 8 feet long. For longest life and least maintenance, it is recommended that tables be constructed of concrete or metal and light in color.

b. Pedestal Grill:

The grill should be located at the edge of the use area and downwind from the table. The grill should be installed to avoid any fire hazard. It is recommended that the cooking surface of the pedestal grill be large enough that a camp stove could be set upon it and be stable. The grill should be installed so that the cooking surface is at a maximum height of 34 inches above the use area surface. Refer to Appendix B – Camping and Picnicking Facilities.

Henry Hagg Reservoir, Oregon — Sain Creek Group Day Use

4. Accessible Picnic Sites –

Where picnic facilities have two or less picnic units, then each unit shall be accessible.

Where picnic facilities have more than two picnic units, a minimum of 20 percent but no less than two shall be accessible and dispersed throughout the various settings and types offered.

Where picnic sites are altered or added in an existing facility, the scoping requirements of accessible sites must be met. Contact an accessibility specialist for more information and applicable exceptions.

The accessible sites shall be connected with a compliant ORAR to all other accessible and common-use features in the area, including parking spaces, comfort stations, water hydrants, etc.

Note: It is recommended that a picnic site be within 150 feet of an accessible parking space and not always located next to the toilet facilities.

The site shall include a wheelchair accessible table that has a minimum 36 inches clear space on all usable sides (measured from the back edge of the bench).

Black Canyon Reservoir, Idaho — Accessible Picnic Area

Picnic tables shall provide one wheelchair seating space for each 24 linear feet of usable table surface perimeter.

Each wheelchair space shall be 30 inches wide by 48 inches deep minimum and positioned for forward approach and meet knee and toe clearance requirements. Each accessible picnic table should be fixed to the ground to keep it from being moved into an inaccessible location.

It is recommended that a variety of wheelchair-seating locations be provided (e.g., end, center, or side access) at multiple tables.

Note: If a center-cut or side-cut table is used, it is recommended that a warning be painted on the ground or around the edges of the cut surface in a color that sharply contrasts with the surrounding surface. This is to alert persons with visual impairments that there is no bench seating in this location.

If a grill or fire ring is provided, there shall be a 48-inch by 48-inch minimum clear maneuvering space around all usable sides of the grill or fire ring.

For fire rings, the fire-building surface shall be 9 inches minimum high and the cooking surface shall be between 15 inches and 34 inches high. If there is a raised edge around the fire ring or grill (e.g. the fire ring is surrounded by a concrete barrier), then the depth of the edge shall not be more than 10 inches.

All clear maneuvering spaces shall meet standards and guidelines for accessibility. If the surface is concrete, asphalt, or boards, the clear ground space slope shall be no more than 2.08 percent in any direction throughout the entire surface area. If the surface is other than concrete, asphalt, or boards, then the clear ground space slope is allowed to increase up to 3.33 percent in any direction if needed for drainage (but not for other reasons). In all cases, the clear space shall be firm and stable. (A stable surface remains unchanged by applied force so that when the force is removed, the surface returns to its original condition. A firm surface resists deformation by indentation.) Refer to Appendix B

– Camping and Picnicking Facilities.

F. RV Trailer Dump Stations

Trailer dump stations should be located inside the recreation area to prevent unauthorized use. The station shall be located so that there is no chance of infiltration of flood waters into the storage tank or seepage out of the storage tank. The trailer dump station should include an area for disposal of stored sewage, a source of water to flush out sewage holding tanks, and a separate source of potable water for filling vehicle storage tanks. Signage is required to distinguish between water supplies. Pull-up spaces for recreational vehicles at the dump station shall be in compliance with accessibility standards. The parking space shall be 20 feet wide minimum. If the surface is concrete, asphalt or boards, the clear ground space slope should be no more than 2.08 percent in any direction throughout the entire surface area. If the surface is other than concrete, asphalt or boards, then the clear ground space slope is allowed to increase up to

3.33 percent in any direction if needed for drainage (but not for other reasons). In all cases, the clear space shall be firm and stable. (A stable surface remains unchanged by applied force so that when the force is removed, the surface returns to its original condition. A firm surface resists deformation by indentation.)

Signage is required to distinguish between the different types of water supplies (potable water for filling vehicle storage tanks and flushing water). The station should be sited so that it is usable from the left (or driver’s) side of the vehicle. The immediate area surrounding the drains shall be paved and sloped to 2.08 percent maximum toward the drain. A clear space of at least 5 feet around the drain shall be maintained. All controls that operate the station, except for the drain cap, shall be between 15 and 48 inches off the ground. Refer to Appendix C – Trailer Dump Stations.

G. Comfort Station Buildings

1. Siting Considerations —

In selecting a site, a number of factors should be considered.

Sunlight, breezes, and topography can be used to produce natural heating and cooling effects. The existing vegetation can be used to control sound, screen undesirable views, control erosion, and provide aesthetic interest.

The location of the comfort station may depend on the recreation activity it serves. In a picnic area, the comfort station should be located within easy walking distance of all picnic sites. In a campground, the comfort station should be located to maximize use of site-connecting trails while minimizing soil erosion, negative environmental impacts, and the formation of new trails. Comfort station buildings shall be located on an ORAR that meets standards and guidelines for accessibility.

Comfort stations should be located where there is minimal chance of flooding yet still serves the public during the recreation season.

2. New and Rehabilitated Comfort Station Buildings —

The standard plans shown in Appendix D – Comfort Station Buildings are fully accessible. The recommended floor plans delineate space allocations, functional layouts, and configurations of facilities. New and rehabilitated buildings should blend with the surrounding landscape and existing buildings in elevation, material, and color. Prior to color selection for the building, a color board should be assembled with samples of the site’s soil, rock, and vegetation. Colors for buildings should match the color board. Building materials should reflect what is readily available in the region, considering both cost and aesthetics. All new and rehabilitated buildings are to conform to local building codes and ABAAS, unless a State or local code is more stringent.

Note: If existing comfort station buildings cannot be made accessible then signage directing visitors to the nearest accessible facility shall be installed until the building can be replaced.

3. Adaptable Comfort Station —

The adaptable comfort station shown in Appendix D – Comfort Station Buildings is a four-unit building with two water closets (toilet stalls) on each side and is fully accessible. As additional fixtures are required to meet user needs, the length of the building can be increased by adding one or more water closets to each side. Toilet facilities for both men and women include one accessible water closet, lavatory, soap dispenser, and towel dispenser. There is a unisex room, with separate entry, provided for special needs use or for family groups. This room includes an ample-sized counter suitable for changing diapers. All fixtures in the unisex room are accessible. As an option, the toilet in the unisex room may be installed as a composting or vault toilet, which would provide toilet facilities in cold months when water to the building is turned off. The building features a covered entry with an outdoor drinking fountain and a hose bib for maintenance use. A pipe chase, located in the middle of the building, is accessed from the rear of the building. As an option, a utility sink may be located in the chase. Inside the building, along the inside walls, a trench floor drain provides necessary drainage without impeding accessibility. Interior areas are intended to be well lit and ventilated by clerestory windows and louvers. Interior walls should have vandal-resistant finishes. Windows should be made of high-impact resistant polycarbonate resin. The screen walls, roof overhangs, and columns are optional.

All new buildings must be designed with sustainability in mind. To that end, they must use less electricity and water and feature recycled materials. Toilets must be low-volume flush, and lighting must use energy-efficient fixtures and bulbs. The building can include solar panels to provide electricity. The batteries for the solar system can be located in the utility chase.

4. Fixtures —

a. Men:

Two lavatories (sinks, one accessible), one water closet (toilet stall and one urinal; both accessible), and accessible features (soap dispenser, towel dispenser or hand dryer, and waste receptacle).

b. Women:

Two lavatories (sinks, one accessible), two water closets (toilet stall, one accessible), and accessible features (soap dispenser, towel dispenser or hand dryer, and waste receptacle).

c. Unisex:

One lavatory, one water closet, soap dispenser, towel dispenser or hand dryer and waste receptacle (all fully accessible).

d. Chase:

One utility sink (optional).

e. Exterior:

One drinking fountain (accessible high-low unit) with some type of detectable warning on the approach to the "high" unit or install the fountains in an alcove that meets accessibility standards.

5. Comfort Station with Shower —

Showers are provided as an addition to the basic comfort station building. The building with showers features two separate unisex accessible showers in their own separate rooms. The shower rooms are separate from the rest of the building, with entries located on the exterior of the building. Five-foot-wide accessible concrete walks connect the front covered entry to the shower entrances. The building should feature energy-efficient lighting, and the water should be heated by solar energy. The interior of the shower areas shall meet accessibility standards, including dimensions of the room (transfer shower or roll-in shower), and placement of the shower head(s) and controls, grab bars, transfer seat, clothes hooks, and dressing room bench. Showers that are separate from the rest of the building and located on the sides of the building shall meet accessibility standards.