BAA-NOAA-EODT-2022.pdf

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Digital Twin for Earth Observations Using Artificial Intelligence

Broad Agency Announcement

BAA-NOAA-EODT-2022

April 29, 2022

Office of System Architecture & Advanced Planning (OSAAP) National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Department of Commerce (DOC)

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Table of Contents

1. OVERVIEW 3

FFRDCs 4 Government Entities 4

2. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION 6

3 WHITE PAPER GUIDELINES 13

3.1 SUBMISSION PREPARATION 13

3.2 EVALUATION INFORMATION 15

4. FULL PROPOSAL INSTRUCTIONS (STAGE 2) 17

5. AGENCY CONTACTS 17

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1. OVERVIEW

This is a Broad Agency Announcement (BAA) posted in accordance with Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) Subpart 35.016. The United States Department of Commerce (DOC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Environmental and Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS), Office of Systems Architecture and Advanced Planning (OSAAP) is requesting the generation, assessment, and delivery to NOAA, of a validated digital twin system for Earth observations (i.e., EO-DT), that could, for demonstration purposes, be applicable to several radiometric and geophysical variables. This BAA is exploratory only and currently there is no planning for activity beyond a demonstration.

This announcement shall be posted for a total of twenty-eight (28) calendar days, and all submissions are due by 3:00 pm Eastern Standard Time (EST), 27 May. All pre-submission inquiries shall be submitted in writing to both the Contract Specialist by 17 May, 2022. The program offices and technical points of contact may not be contacted directly and will refer all inquiries to the Contracting Officer. Additional submission instructions are provided at Section 3.

GENERAL INFORMATION

NAICS Code

The NAICS code for this BAA will be 541715 – Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Nanotechnology and Biotechnology).

Agency Name

United States Department of Commerce (DOC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Environmental and Satellite Data, and Information Service (NESDIS), Office of System Architecture and Advanced Planning (OSAAP)

Development Opportunity Title

Digital Twin for Earth Observations Using Artificial Intelligence

Announcement Type and Date

Broad Agency Announcement (BAA-NOAA-EODT-2022); posted 29 April 2022

White Paper Due Date

27 May 2022, 3:00 PM EST

Eligible Offerors

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This BAA is open to ALL responsible sources in accordance with FAR 2.1 Definitions, which states that “Responsible prospective contractor means a contractor that meets the standards in 9.104.”. Offerors may include single entities or teams from private sector organizations, Government laboratories, and academic institutions.

To be eligible for award, a prospective recipient must meet certain minimum standards pertaining to financial resources, ability to comply with the performance schedule, prior record of performance, integrity, organization, experience, operational controls, technical controls, technical skills, facilities, and equipment.

Federally Funded Research and Development Centers (FFRDCs) and Government entities (Government/National laboratories, military educational institutions, etc.) are subject to applicable direct competition limitations and cannot submit a response to this BAA in any capacity unless they address the following conditions:

FFRDCs

1. Must clearly demonstrate that the proposed work is not otherwise available from the private sector.

2. Must provide a letter on letterhead from their sponsoring organization citing the specific authority establishing their eligibility to propose to government solicitations and compete with industry.

3. Must demonstrate compliance with the associated FFRDC sponsor agreement and terms and conditions. This information is required for any FFRDCs proposing to be primes or subcontractors.

Government Entities

1. Government entities must clearly demonstrate that the work is not otherwise available from the private sector and provide written documentation citing the specific statutory authority (as well as, where relevant, contractual authority) establishing their ability to propose to government solicitations. Specific supporting regulatory guidance, together with evidence of agency approval will be required to establish eligibility. NOAA will consider eligibility submissions on a case-by-case basis;

however, the burden to prove eligibility for all team members rests solely with the Offeror.

Offerors who propose a teaming arrangement must name which organization will operate as the main point-of-contact or lead for the team. Both the white papers, and, if later requested, the proposal, must be submitted by the team lead organization. A description of each team member’s role in the team must be included. In the event of an award to a team proposal, the award will be made to the team lead (Prime) organization named in the proposal for the purposes of contract administration. The Prime organization will be responsible for putting in place all the sub-contracts and other teaming arrangements.

Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs), Minority Institutions (MI), Small Business concerns, Small Disadvantaged Business concerns, Women-Owned Small Business

BAA-NOAA-EODT-2022 Page 5 concerns, Veteran-Owned Small Business concerns, Service-Disabled Veteran-Owned Small Business concerns, 8(a) Business concerns, and HUBZone Small Business concerns are encouraged to submit white papers and to join other entities as team members in submitting white papers.

Small business subcontracting plans will be required from any large business proposals selected for negotiation or further solicitation/award in accordance with the applicable Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR), Commerce Acquisition Regulation (CAR), Commerce Acquisition Manual (CAM) and NOAA provisions/clauses/regulations.

Program Details and Areas of Interest

The objectives under this BAA are described in Section 2.

Award Information

The targeted budget for this BAA is $4M for two years. Initially, only the first year will be funded with the funding of the second year dependent on satisfactory progress and availability of funding.

NESDIS envisions (1-2) awards for projects under this BAA, with each one having a duration of up to 24 months, with a technical report as the final deliverable as well as intermediate progress reports. The government may award zero, one, or multiple contracts under this BAA, depending on the applicability of the White Papers to the technical need, and congressional appropriations.

Subject to the availability of funding, offerors whose White Papers receive a favorable evaluation may be invited via e-mail to submit a Full Proposal.

This BAA should not be construed as a commitment or authorization to incur costs in anticipation of a grant, cooperative agreement, other transaction, or contract. Contracts, grants, cooperative agreements, interagency agreements, or other transactions and agreements may be awarded, as appropriate. At this time, it is anticipated that each project award will result in a firm-fixed-price contract.

The Government is not responsible for any costs incurred in the preparation of a submission in response to this BAA.

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2. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT TECHNICAL

DESCRIPTION

A. Background and Overview:

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is interested in exploring digital twin technologies to allow us to enhance our ability to process, monitor, quality-control, consolidate, fuse, and assimilate environment observations and streamline the satellite data ground processing and dissemination to users and applications. Digital twin technology has been employed in automotive industry, in health industry, in general mechanics, architecture, etc. and has been suggested in Earth science recently for the modeling aspect (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), Destination Earth) and advanced observations (NASA/ESTO, Digital Twin).

National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) will use the results of this contract to determine how an Earth Observations Digital Twin (EO-DT) could potentially serve as the next-generation ground enterprise system that will be used in NOAA/NESDIS operations and will interface with the Earth System approach modeling effort being undertaken in NOAA (i.e Unified Forecast System (UFS)). It is expected that the effort under this contract will recommend the best approaches to adopt in achieving an agile, scalable EO-DT.

The digital twin of the Earth Observations developed under this BAA should include the following aspects:

● Satellite Data Anomaly detection

● Calibration monitoring and correction

● Next-Gen geophysical inversion algorithms, which might include QC and forward operators)

● Data Fusion (ground and space)

● Data assimilation

● Environmental trends monitoring

The Earth Observations Digital Twin (EO-DT) system sought here is an integrated Earth system replica of the Earth environment with multiscale, multi variables features, and integrating a large set of observing systems and environment analyses systems. It dynamically integrates Earth system data and observations (especially satellite data and ground based data) and relies on trustworthy and responsible artificial intelligence tools, both Machine Learning (ML) and Computer Vision (CV). EO-DT is envisioned to be coupled with the integrated Earth System model (such as UFS), but will also be designed to serve as an entry point for a wide range of NESDIS operational environmental data users and applications.

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B. Scope and Objective:

Through this call, NOAA is seeking to fund joint partnerships with other U.S Government agencies, academia and/or private industry, versed or interested in applying digital twin technology and artificial intelligence (AI) to explore enhancing the NOAA/NESDIS mission of processing environment data, from ingest to dissemination. The objective of the study will be the generation, assessment and delivery to NOAA of a validated digital twin system for Earth observations (i.e., EO-DT), that could be, for demonstration purposes,applicable to a number of radiometric and geophysical variables, but should be designed in a way that could easily be expanded to cover all of the Earth systems measurements. It should be covering ground-, sub-orbital and space-based measurements. Its scope should include microwave, infrared, Vis/UV, passive and active sensors, satellite in situ. It is expected that the Digital Earth system will heavily build on AI techniques (either developed already, or to be developed), both ML and CV, and therefore is expected to be an order (or several orders) of magnitude more efficient in terms of processing time.

The scope of this project is broad so that it may achieve the broad goal of generating a one-stop space for gathering environmental data from a mixture of sensors onboard Low Earth Orbiting (LEO) and Geosynchronous Earth Orbiting (GEO) satellites and those on orbits appropriate for space weather observations, and the diverse set of geophysical parameters they measure. This project focuses primarily on a subset of key representative parameters, and focuses on a set of representative sensors from the space and the ground components of the architecture.

Expected focus areas of this project include developing a EO-DT infrastructure, integrating existing or extending calibration and quality control monitoring tools, integrating or developing additional remote sensing algorithms, employing trustworthy and responsible AI techniques (e.g.

explainable and interpretable) to perform data fusion, and designing EO-DT tailoring and formatting approaches.

C. Technical Requirements:

a. Stable and Flexible Front and Back Interfaces:

The Offerer can assume NOAA will provide sample Level 1B data (and code readers) at no cost.

The digital twin developed by the Offeror should be capable of providing users (outputs) with the following data or combinations of:

● Level 1 (radiances & brightness temperatures),

● Level 2 (geophysical outputs at measurement locations),

● Level 3 (gridded fused geoph. Data -observations, might be with gaps), and

● Level 4 (similar to level 3 but with NWP fields used to fill gaps and complement -assimilation)

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All parameters should include standard uncertainty measures (such as median/quartile, mean/variance, or full distribution functions), which are important for both interpretation and data assimilation.

The user should be able to sub-select this data based on the user’s geographical and temporal needs (past, current, and forecasted). You can find definations of the various Level data at https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/wiki/index.php/NOAA_Processing_Levels.

In its output, it is suggested that at a first step, the system should cover between 1 and 4 geophysical variables in all of the five Earth system domains (atmosphere, ocean/sea, land/hydrology, cryosphere, and space weather) as described in section E below. Part of the system should include a tailoring aspect, to allow users of the EO-DT to easily perform a selection of the observation by

(1) geographical area, (2) temporal coverage, (3) variables, (4) vertical coverage if relevant. This interface should be designed to be flexible to apply to general users as well as automatic systems ingesting observations (such as data assimilation systems). Although the offeror is encouraged to seek compatibility with the NOAA data assimilation GSI system’s input format, there is however no specific requirement for this output format at this stage. The project should offer a flexible environment on which to run the EO-DT (either cloud based, on-premise). One of the major benefits expected of EO-DT is the stable interface (at the input and output levels) and dissemination mechanism to users. The EO-DT should for example allow multiple input data streams (to represent multiple sources), such as Level 1B inputs from multiple satellites and multiple sensors (as described in section F) arriving at non-regular times and covering non-regular spatial and temporal areas. The EO-DT output should be a stable global analysis of both radiometric and geophysical data (covering levels 1, 2 and 3), accompanied by a tailoring capability.

b. What Does Success Look Like?

If successfully delivered with the features mentioned in the Technical requirements section, and overall validated (by comparison to NWP analyses for example), the EO-DT project will be considered a success.

Ultimately, after EO-DT is assessed and vetted by NOAA scientists, the concept of a digital twin of the Earth Observations could potentially serve as the next-generation ground enterprise system that will be maintained and exploited in NOAA/NESDIS operations, to interface with the Earth System approach modeling effort being undertaken in NOAA (i.e UFS). This should allow NOAA to streamline the interface with the users of the Earth observations. It is expected that the project will work toward standardizing the interfaces and interoperability of several DT initiatives being considered, especially in NASA. It is expected that the effort will recommend the best formats to adopt to achieve an agile, scalable EO-DT. This EO-DT project is NOT intended to perform research to operations transition. Successful completion of the project would mean:

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● A flexible digital earth twin system, that allows the user (or public in general) to easily access current and past environmental data, as described in section E.

● A modern visualization toolset to allow the display of the DT data as well as the environmental time series/trends.

● The EO-DT system should be able to ingest several input files as described in section F.

● The gridding of the data should be flexible (uniform and non-uniform gridding)

● The grid value computation should be based on a mechanism of fusion of data (using ML and/or CV or other efficient techniques) from multiple sources.

● Effort should be made to standardize the EO-DT with other DT efforts (such as those in

NASA) to move toward interoperability, common interfaces, etc.

● The EO-DT output should be at least compatible with expected format for major NOAA systems. In particular GSI and UFS.

● The digital earth twin information should meet the following parameters

○ Geographic coverage: Variable, by default Global

○ Resolution: Variable, by default: 10 kms

○ Refresh Rate: Variable, sub-hourly

○ Precision/uncertainty: Should be roughly equivalent to known precision/uncertainties of variables covered by the EO-DT system

○ Validation methodology: Up to Offeror. Suggested: Simple comparisons to

NWP fields and other models.

○ Duration: Suggested: Moving window of 2 weeks for DT

● A computer processing time: Less than 10 mins to process one full global DT

● The digital earth twin code should be flexible, documented and easily expandable later to add additional parameters

● Software location: run either cloud based or on-premise

● Code language: Up to offeror: Suggested approach is to seek compatibility as much as possible, with Government systems

● Others: This project should include a report documenting the lessons learned from this project and recommendations on how to proceed with increasing the parameters included in the digital twin and moving a digital twin (this or future) to operations.

The offeror should include (in the white paper) a description of how the items above (in section 2) will be addressed. The US government will own all code developed for this project.

c. Agile Implementation Details and Coordination with Government team:

The preference of the Govt is to follow the agile implementation approach with frequent technical interactions between the Government team and the Offeror. This will allow (1) quick adaptation in case of challenges, (2) strong alignment of activities with expectations. The effort will be followed and guided by a team of Government experts to provide critical information about geophysical algorithms, operational ground processing, dissemination, etc.

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It is expected that the project would need a variety of data (satellites data, ground data, NWP analyses, etc). It is expected that canned datasets, with multiple months worth of data, will be provided or pointed at by the Government team at no cost to the Offeror. These could be extracted from NOAA systems or could be residing on existing data sources (CLASS, BDP, etc). Existing AI-based algorithms (such as MIIDPS-AI) will be made available as GFE. Expected focus areas of this project include developing a EO-DT infrastructure, integrating existing or extending calibration and quality control monitoring tools, integrating or developing additional remote sensing algorithms, employing AI techniques to perform data fusion, and designing EO-DT tailoring and formatting approaches.

D. Coordination, Deliverables Requirements:

a. Coordination Requirements:

- Kick-Off Meeting: A kick-off meeting will be held (Face to face, WebEx/telecom, or a combination). Its objective is to ensure the project plans, schedule, and deliverables are understood, and to answer any questions that may arise as part of the process.

- Mid-Project Status Meeting: The mid-project status meeting is intended to provide current project status, discuss the approach towards completing the project, and agree on any adjustments to the work to be completed during the remainder of the project.

- End-Project Status Meeting: The End-project status meeting is intended to provide final project status, discuss the approach towards completing the project, and agree on any adjustments to the work to be completed during the remainder of the project.

- Additional Development Meetings: These meetings are to support Agile or similar approaches towards supporting project development.

b. Communications Requirements

The offeror shall maintain proactive, open, and responsive communication with the Government.

Regular communication shall include support of Programmatic and Technical Interchanges taking the form of email, recurring teleconferences, etc., as required. The Offeror shall support in-person reviews at the customer location or Offeror’s facilities, as required.

Teleconferences shall take place once every month to discuss status and interchange information.

c. Period of Performance The period of performance will be specified by the Offeror, but not to exceed twenty-four (24) months from Authorization to Proceed (ATP). This period of performance includes up to twenty-three (23) months to perform the project and produce the deliverables, plus one month for follow up questions and/or clarifications.

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d. Government Furnished Equipment (GFE)/Government Furnished Services The Government does not expect to provide GFE or GFS for this work, except for the items listed above (training datasets, existing algorithms, technical and scientific guidance, etc.).

e. Deliverables

The Offeror shall provide the following reports and CDRLS to address the items listed in this call

CDRL # Name 0001A Technical Data Package Monthly briefings Kickoff, mid- and end of projects briefings EO-DT system as developed for this project and code readers to exploit it and tools to visualize

Results of validation. Briefing(s) to the NOAA Systems Performance Assessment Team (SAT)

Description of the EO-DT optimal concept as used in this project

Description and recommendations on a standardization of DT interoperability

f. Reporting Content The content of the report(s) should address the different items described in the R&D Technical description section.

E. List of Variables For Representing the Earth System Components in EO-DT The variables representing the different Earth system components are listed in table 1 below.

Representative Variables/Parameters

Atmosphere Temperature profile Moisture profile Atmospheric Wind profile Aerosol index

Ocean Sea Surface temperature Ocean Color product(s) Sea Surface wind vector Sea surface salinity

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Cryosphere Sea ice concentration Snow water equivalent Sea ice age Sea ice temperature

Land & Hydrology Soil moisture Vegetation index Fire product Flood index

Space Weather Solar wind bulk plasma Magnetospheric particles Magnetospheric vector magnetic field Ionospheric electron density

F. List of Satellites/Sensors to use in the EO-DT (l1b Inputs) The list of input files (observation files) are listed in the table below. The offeror is invited to choose a representative set of sensors from this list.

Representative Input Sensors Data

Microwave Passive Sensors in LEO 2 ATMS sensors on SNPP and JPSS satellites 2 AMSU sensors on NOAA satellites, 1 SSMIS on DMSP satellite

Infrared Passive Sensors in LEO 2 CrIS sensors on JPSS satellites 1 IASI sensor on Metop satellites

Infrared Sensors in GEO 1 ABI sensor on GOES-16 or 17/18

Ground based Sensors Radiosondes data -from NWP input

Space Weather Sensors 1 Faraday Cup plasma sensor on DSCOVR 1 Space Environment In-Situ Suite (SEISS) on GOES-16 and 17/18 1 Magnetometer on GOES-16 and 17/18

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3 WHITE PAPER GUIDELINES

The application process will be divided into two steps:

● Stage 1: White Paper

● Stage 2: Request for Proposal or interagency agreements as applicable, for selected white papers.

White Papers (WPs) are due 27 May, 2022. Subject to the availability of funding, offerors whose White Paper receives a favorable evaluation may be invited via e-mail to submit a Full Proposal.

The instructions for the Full Proposal package will be provided in the invitation email.

Offerors are encouraged to submit White Paper(s). If Offerors want to submit white papers for multiple concepts, they shall submit a separate White Paper for each concept. Each White Paper will be evaluated independently.

3.1 SUBMISSION PREPARATION

Interested Offerors shall submit a White Paper that meets the mission criteria described in section 2. The initial submission is limited to a cover page, one-page Quad Chart, and White Paper not to exceed 5 pages. This results in a submission packet not to exceed 7 pages. If submissions exceed these limitations, only those pages previously defined will be reviewed.

For each distinct White Paper submittal, combine all files and forms into a single searchable PDF file before submitting.

The document must be submitted in accordance with the preparation guidance below. The document should describe the effort in sufficient detail to allow evaluation of the concept's technical merit and its potential contribution to the NOAA mission.

White paper submissions must remain valid for six months from the submission deadline.

Offerors will be notified via e-mail if their submission is or is not being considered for Stage 2.

Electronic Submissions are due 3:00 PM, 27 May, 2022. Late submissions will not be considered. All submissions shall be submitted electronically to both:

● Contract Specialist, Bryton Curtis, via email: bryton.curtis@noaa.gov

● Contracting Officer, Gabriela Bravo, via email: gabriela.bravo@noaa.govv

The government reserves the right to reconsider un-selected white papers evaluated during the first round of submissions for award up until 26 May 2023, without the opening of additional rounds of white paper submissions.

The government reserves the right to open additional rounds of white paper submissions.

Additional requests, if applicable, will be posted on SAM.gov as an amendment to this posting no later than 9 June, 2023.

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IMPORTANT: The subject line of the email submission should consist of the announcement number, area of interest number, and purpose of the email (e.g., BAA-NOAA-EODT-2022, Concept <name>, White Paper Submission). White Papers do not require any special forms, but must be submitted in the following format:

Single PDF file as an email attachment

Page Size: 8 ½ x 11” with 1” Margins

Spacing – single

Font – Times New Roman size 12 font or equivalent

The file should not exceed 10 Megabytes of storage space. Movie and sound file attachments, URL Links, or other additional files, will not be accepted.

Classification: All Quad Chart and White Paper submissions must be UNCLASSIFIED.

3.1.1 Quad Chart Guidelines

A quad chart must contain the following information and be positioned in a landscape view. Any quad chart submitted that exceeds the one-page limit will not be read or evaluated. The following components are required:

Heading: Title, BAA #, Objective Responding To, Development Area of Interest, Technical/Administrative point of contact (Name, Email, Phone), Company’s Name & Address.

Please note that the Title of the Project should be different than that of the Area of Interest.

Upper Left:

● Objective: should be 2-3 sentences describing the objective and methodology.

● Description of effort: a few bullet points noting the primary scientific challenges addressed and primary outcomes expected

Lower left: Benefits of proposed technology, challenges, and maturity of technology research area

Upper right: Graphic illustrating the research or the concept

Lower Right: Milestones, period of performance, total ROM cost estimate for the project.

3.1.2 White Paper Guidelines

The White Paper shall describe the Offeror’s concept’s ability to address the need and requirements detailed in the appropriate part of Section 2. Merely restating the minimum project objectives is not sufficient. The core components of the white paper include a detailed

BAA-NOAA-EODT-2022 Page 15 explanation of the concepts being proposed, including definitions of how the Offeror plans to meet the requirements for that given concept, including but not limited to:

1. What concept they are proposing to study and demonstrate

2. What they plan to accomplish in the project timeframe

3. What they plan to deliver at the end of the project

4. How their concept contributes to the requirements laid out in Section 2 regarding the

NESDIS and NOAA mission

The price portion of the white paper shall contain a high-level estimate on the work intended to be completed during the project. A detailed price proposal will be required if an Offeror moves to Stage 2 of the selection process and is issued a Request for Proposal (RFP).

Any applicable past performance references should also be provided as part of the white paper submission if they are relevant to the proposed work plan. This information will be excluded from the page limit.

White Papers that are outside the scope of the BAA may be returned to the Offeror.

3.2 EVALUATION INFORMATION

Submissions will be evaluated in accordance with the following evaluation criteria:

A. Technical Merit (how the various technical aspects as described in Section 2 are addressed)

a. The Government will evaluate the Offeror’s concepts as defined in their White Paper for their ability to meet the requirements as defined in the appropriate part of Section 2. If the Offeror submits multiple White Papers, the Government will evaluate each study submission as independent studies and one submission will not affect the evaluation of the other submission.

B. Price Factor (Overall price of the proposed effort and supporting information for assessing the cost effectiveness of the project)

a. Price will be evaluated for Price Reasonableness and Price realism, if applicable.

b. Cost and Pricing Data for the project may be required for evaluations purposes in

Stage 2.

C. Past Performance (Prior Experience of the vendor in developing similar technologies and leading similar projects)

a. Offerors must have an acceptable level of past performance for similar types of studies to be considered.

The Technical Merit factor is more important than the Past Performance factor. Price is the least important evaluation factor.

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The Government anticipates awarding multiple contracts, but reserves the right to award no contracts, or a combination of contracts or contract options for project work based upon availability of funds and the needs of the NESDIS Portfolio.

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4. FULL PROPOSAL INSTRUCTIONS (STAGE 2)

Note that full proposals will not be accepted under the BAA unless requested. If an Offeror’s concept is selected for funding based on the evaluation of their White Paper, an Invitation for Full Proposal will be e-mailed to the Offeror. Stage 2 is subject to FAR 52.232-18 -- Availability of Funds.

5. AGENCY CONTACTS

Contract Specialist: Bryton Curtis, bryton.curtis@noaa.gov

Selecting Official, Contracting Officer: Gabriela Bravo, gabriela.bravo@noaa.gov