FINAL NOFO Quantifying Religious Conflict 1.29.2020.docx

United States Department of State Notice of Funding Opportunity– Opportunity Number SFOP0006066 Bureau of Conflict and Stabilization Operations (CSO)

FUNDING OPPORTUNITY OVERVIEW

Catalog of Federal Domestic

[Pending availability of additional funding and satisfactory performance of the recipient, the award may be extended.] Cost-Sharing: Not required.

This funding opportunity is posted on SAMS Domestic and may be amended. Answers to questions from potential applicants will be posted as an attachment to this NOFO. Applicants should regularly check the websites for the most recent information pertaining to this NOFO. Department of State bears no responsibility for data errors resulting from transmission or conversion processes associated with electronic submissions Incomplete application packages will not be considered. E-mailed, faxed or mailed documents will NOT be considered.

Applicants must provide a Unique Entity Identifier, or Data Universal Numbering System (DUNS), when submitting application in response to this NOFO.

SAM.gov registration (www.sam.gov) is required. Applicants that do not have a valid DUNS number and completed www.sam.gov registration will NOT be eligible for consideration.

It is the responsibility of the applicant to ensure that the application package has been received in SAMS Domestic in its entirety. Incomplete applications will be considered ineligible. Individual e-mailed or faxed documents will not be considered.

The decision for the final eligibility and award determination rests with the Grants Officer.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

CSO’s mission is to anticipate, prevent, and respond to conflict that undermines U.S. national interests. The bureau implements this mission in two complementary ways: through data-driven analysis and forward deploying stabilization advisors to conflict zones. The objective is to inform U.S. strategy, policy, and programs on conflict prevention and stabilization.

CSO announces an open competition for organizations interested in submitting applications for a program that 1) creates a regularly updated dataset recording incidents of religious repression and violence targeting individuals or groups due to their religious affiliation and, 2) increases the capacity of journalists, local actors, and organizations to regularly collect and disseminate reports on such incidents through training and technical support.

Department of State reserves the right to fund any or none of the proposals submitted and reserves the right to reduce, revise, or increase the budget in accordance with the needs of the program and the availability of funds.

The Federal award signed by the State Department Grants Officer is the only authorizing document.

This NOFO consists of the Overview and Executive Summary, plus the following sections:

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. FUNDING OPPORTUNITY DESCRIPTION

BACKGROUND

The U.S. National Security Strategy prioritizes the protection of religious freedom and religious minorities, which presents a particular challenge in conflict prone environments. The complex relationship among religion, repression, and conflict is often poorly understood. As a result, programs and other conflict prevention efforts may not adequately address abuses and violations of religious freedom that impact conflict, peace negotiations and reconciliations, inter-communal conflict, and stability. The lack of systematic and reliable incident level data on this issue has limited the ability of governments and civil society partners to identify threats to, and develop strategies to promote, religious freedom, an especially acute issue in fragile and conflict-affected states.

Conflict incident datasets are critical to track and forecast risk for violence and instability, which is a key consideration for conflict prevention in fragile states.[footnoteRef:1] However, existing conflict incident datasets are focused on political violence with no emphasis on violations of freedom of religion or belief or non-belief. In particular, acts of repression and violence against religious groups and individuals, including but not limited to violence perpetrated against religious groups, restrictions enforced on the public or private observance of religion (including forms of religious expression such as religious speech, religious dress, ownership of religious paraphernalia, etc.), destruction of religious infrastructure and property, forced conversions, arrests and detentions against individuals due to their religious affiliation or religious behavior, are not captured by existing event-level datasets but may serve as an important precursor to or consequence of instability and conflict. [1: For examples, see the Armed Conflict Location & Events Data project and the Uppsala Conflict Data Program.]

Current empirical approaches to measuring repression of religious freedom,[footnoteRef:2] while important for theoretic political science insights, are too aggregated or not timely enough to help identify emerging hotspots of violations of religious freedom and religious conflict in real time, or to support analytical approaches to forecasting and preventing conflict. In summary, what is needed is an event-level dataset of religious repression, updated frequently and at regular intervals. [2: Such as the Religion and State Project and the Pew Government Restrictions and Social Hostilities Indexes.]

Finally, a major issue in the availability of data to quantify religious repression is how these incidents are reported by media and other actors on the ground. There is a key linkage between the capacity of local actors to report on incidents of religious repression and modern analytics to capture these incidents and appropriately inform decision-makers. Existing approaches to data collection are typically academic in nature and based on incidents media reports, thus disconnected from local actors. This can result in datasets that are unverified by local actors and unintentionally biased due to limitations in reporting.

To address these gaps, this program will create a dataset that tracks incidents of religious repression, including not just violent events that are normally the focus of data sets, but also nonviolent acts. Religious groups and individuals from both majority and minority religions, as well as those holding no religion (atheists, agnostics, and secular humanists) may be the target of acts of religious repression or hostilities. Examples of non-violent acts, may include among others: the use of slurs and denigrating language; publication or delivery of prejudiced or violent inciting writings, speeches, and manifestos; desecration of religious sites and cemeteries; enactment or enforcement of policies and practices that restrict religious freedom of belief, expression, or practice; and enactment or enforcement of policies and practices that cause other forms of harm to individuals and/or groups on the basis of their religious association or affiliation (such as employment or educational bans).

The creation of this public dataset will enable governments and civil society in other countries to monitor violations of religious freedom perpetrated by both government[footnoteRef:3] and societal actors[footnoteRef:4] in near-real time, and take targeted, evidence-based action to mitigate repression and violence against religious groups and individuals as it emerges or even before. This data will also enable scientific, technology-based approaches including machine learning and artificial intelligence to improve predictions of violence where religion plays an important role, which will support efforts in early warning and conflict prevention. It would also enable the Department of State and USAID to better develop, monitor, and evaluate foreign assistance programming designed to address and prevent violations of religious freedom. [3: Government actors should include national, regional, and local authorities.] [4: Societal actors include self-identified religious actors (individuals or groups) who infringe on the religious rights of members of their own or other religions, as well as non-religious actors engaging in religiously repressive behavior.]

PROGRAM GOAL

The goal of this program is to improve decision-making on protecting religious freedom by collecting robust data on religious repression and building the capacity of civil society to record and report on religious repression.

PROGRAM OBJECTIVES & ACTIVITIES

The program should:

Objective 1: Increase public understanding of the nature and trends of religious repression and conflict through the generation and publication of data on incidents of religious repression. Activities should include, but are not limited to, the following:

· Design and collect an open source dataset of religious repression in at least 4 to 6 countries in the Middle East and North Africa region (pilot locations to be finalized in consultation with CSO, but proposed and justified in the response to the NOFO). This dataset will serve as a pilot with the goal of expanding to other regions over time. This program should follow best practices according to modern data science and social science principles.

· Develop a theoretically grounded codebook that includes but is not limited to:

· Operational definitions of key terms including religious repression,

· Coding guidelines for variables including but not limited to:

· date and location of the events

· perpetrator (e.g. state security forces, private groups or individuals, etc.)

· target of event (e.g. religious individuals, religious groups, religious infrastructure, religious leaders)

· number of victims

· religious affiliation(s) of victims

· religious repression event type (e.g. forced conversions, enforcement of restrictions on public or private religious observance including type of activity being restricted, violence explicitly targeting religious individuals/groups, destruction of religious property, significant shift in religious policy, enforcement of blasphemy laws, etc.)

· whether the event involved arrests, detentions, or fines

· a qualitative column giving a brief summary of the event

· source citations

· noting whether an incident is enforcement of an existing law

· Protocols for data collection processes, including intercoder reliability activities and sourcing information.

· Sourcing should at minimum include:

1. Traditional news reporting, including international, national, and local sources.

2. NGO reporting on religious rights issues

3. Government reporting on religious repression, including but not limited to Department of State Office of International Religious Freedom and United States Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF) reporting.

4. Where available, in-country police and court records related to enforcement of religiously repressive laws.

· Testing and verification of data using appropriate processes to ensure reliability.

· Update the dataset on a monthly basis to include developments from the previous month.

· Retroactively code data from January 1, 2018 through the present.

· Disaggregate incidents by sex, consistent with the WPS Act of 2017, wherever possible.

Objective 2: Increase the capacity of journalists, local actors, and organizations to regularly collect and disseminate reports on incidents of religious repression and violence targeting individuals or groups due to their religious affiliation through training and technical support. Include foreign government stakeholders interested in strengthening religious freedom in these efforts. Activities should include the following:

· Publicly disseminate data, research, and analysis based on the collected data through regular analytic products and direct engagement with relevant stakeholders.

· Analytic products may include examinations of how religious repression influences and is influenced by specific active conflicts (which may or may not directly involve religion), reports bringing attention to notable shifts in repression trends, comparative analysis of prominent repressive groups, etc.

· Conduct training for civil society organizations working on religion issues to improve documentation of religiously motivated conflict incidents, which can then feed into objective 1 data collection efforts.

PROGRAM CONSIDERATIONS

· Target users – Civil society organizations reporting on religion issues and taking actions to improve religious freedom, academics working on conflicts involving religious issues, groups or communities or religious freedom, foreign governments, journalists, religious leaders and groups.

· Geographic focus – The end goal of the data collection effort is laying the foundation for global coverage, but this 24-month project will pilot in the Middle East and North Africa region.

· Women, Peace, and Security – Per the Women, Peace, and Security Act of 2017, the United States is committed to the meaningful participation of women in conflict prevention, management, and resolution which is critical to the long-term stability of countries and regions. This includes promoting the physical safety of women and girls, collecting and analyzing sex-disaggregated data for the purpose of developing and enhancing early warning systems for conflict and violence, and integrating the perspectives and interests of affected women into conflict-prevention activities and strategies. In addition, U.S. government programs should improve outcomes in gender equality and the empowerment of women.

II. FEDERAL AWARD INFORMATION

CSO expects to award one (1) cooperative agreement based on this NOFO and in an amount not to exceed the total ceiling amount of $780,125. Any award would be subject to the availability of funds. The period of performance is 24 months with an anticipated start date of March 31, 2020. CSO may extend the award up to 12 month(s) or 1 year(s) contingent on CSO priorities, good performance of the recipient, Department of State management approval, and funding availability.

It is Department of State policy that English is the official language and U.S. dollar is the controlling currency. Proposal and related supporting documents must be English and accompanying budget in U.S. dollars.

Eligible applications will be evaluated by an independent review panel consisting of subject matter experts from other DOS bureaus/or offices or other USG agencies.

Issuance of the solicitation does not constitute an award commitment on the part of the U.S. government. CSO reserves the right to reduce, revise, or increase application budgets in accordance with the needs of the program evaluation requirements.

All applicants should be familiar with OMB Circular 2 CFR Part 200.

Cooperative Agreement: This cooperative agreement will include substantial involvement by CSO. For example, CSO will work closely with successful applicants to design and approve the methodology including the codebook, approve final selection of pilot countries, and identify analytic product deliverables.

III. ELIGIBILITY INFORMATION

Applicant must have acute awareness of reporting and research on international religious freedom and religious conflict. Experience working with open-source data in the Middle East and North Africa is preferred, and relevant language skills necessary to consume local reporting is required. Applicants are encouraged to partner with relevant organizations with the ability to execute such programming in these regions.

IV. APPLICATION AND SUBMISSION INFORMATION

Please refer to the Proposal Submission Instructions (PSI) for more information and complete instructions on how to apply to this NOFO, including information on proposal’s content and formatting. Please use both the PSI and the NOFO to ensure that the proposal submission is in full compliance with the requirements. Proposal submissions that do not meet all of the requirements outlined in the NOFO and PSI will NOT be considered.

PROPOSAL NARRATIVE

The Proposal Narrative is a key part of the application. The Proposal Narrative (single-spaced, 12point Times New Roman font in Microsoft Word, at least one-inch margins) should be organized into the following five components:

· Executive Summary:

· A succinct one-page summary containing information that the applicant believes best represents its proposed program and includes: the name and contact information for the program’s main point of contact; the program’s goal and objectives; program’s approach and methodology; and program’s expected outcomes.

· Approach and Methodology:

· Theoretical Grounding: Provide a brief (1 page maximum) overview of the current empirical literature on state regulation of religion and religious repression, highlighting especially the research that you or your organization have done.

· Data Collection Plan: Describe potential sources of data, how they would be collected, how they would be coded and cleaned, the dates for which they can be collected, and how often they would be updated. Explain advantages and disadvantages of different types of data sources or collection methods. Provide real examples of data collected through the proposed sources and methods. Provide details about who will collect the data, or any partners you will work with to collect data. Describe relevant language or other necessary credentials for successful data collection.

· Sample Code Book: Provide one or more definitions of religious repression, and how they can be operationalized. Provide a list of variables that should be included in the codebook, along with definitions and potential measurement problems. (Note that not all problems must be solved for a successful proposal, and the list of variables is not final. The point is to demonstrate expertise in the subject and general scientific ability.) Provide a prototype of how data will be organized and stored.

· Quality Control Plan: Describe methods for ensuring reliability of sources (that reported events happened as they were reported) and data coding outcomes (that coded data correctly represent reported events and do not vary by coder).

· Public Dissemination: Describe the types of forums in which research based on the collected data will be presented. Describe the type(s) and number of research products that are expected to be produced and who will produce them.

· Training: Describe the types of organizations based in the Middle East and/or North Africa that your organization would work with to improve their skills in data collection and/or data analysis. Provide specific organization names and collaboration history if possible.

· Implementation Plan:

· Resources, Key Steps and Timeline for Activities (including sequential logic): The applicant must submit an illustrative first year activity plan, which sets out a realistic outline of tasks and deliverables, anticipated time frames, challenges, opportunities and due dates, and persons responsible for achieving each task. This narrative description will be complemented by a Gantt chart in the Additional Attachments.

· Do No Harm: List any significant risks of harm to implementers, participants, beneficiaries or their communities, or of exacerbating conflict or creating new conflicts, which may result from this program. Consider how resources or skills provided might be misused, create grievances among non-recipients, or cause key actors to react in harmful ways. Explain how these risks will be minimized.

· Local Engagement and Sustainability: The proposal should describe how the applicant will work with local entities to build their organizational and technical capacities, resulting in improved data collection or coding of religious regulation and repression. Applicants may submit signed Letters of Intent from organizations that will participate in the program. Letters of Intent should address the willingness of partner organizations to participate in the effort, and the understanding all parties have as to their unique roles and responsibilities in terms of the proposed program. In cases where an applicant (i.e., non-local) was not able to partner with a local organization or institution, does not consider it feasible to do so, or does not consider it in the program’s best interest, the applicant must clearly explain the rationale.

· Institutional Capabilities and Past Performance:

· Organization: Provide a description of the applicant organization – including its general purpose, goals, annual budget (including funding sources), and major past and current activities and programs undertaken.

· Relevant Programmatic and Thematic Experience: Applications should demonstrate the ability to develop and implement programs of the kind outlined in this proposal. Previous experience designing and implementing similar programs is highly desirable and should be detailed and documented in the application. Applicants should demonstrate how organizational resources, capabilities, and experience, and lessons learned from literature on this type of endeavor, will enable the applicant to achieve the grant’s stated objectives.

· Regional/Country Experience: Applicants should specify relevant experience in the countries identified in the proposal, or in similar situations in other countries. Applicants should be able to legally operate in the country where they propose to work. Identify in-country partners; the successful applicant will already have in place at least one partnership with regional institutions and/or organizations. Specify the expertise that each partner brings.

· Key Program Staff: Applications should highlight key staff, their positions, percentage of time devoted to this program, and management structure for the program. The resumes of key staff should highlight relevant educational and field experience and be included as an appendix (see additional attachments below). The person(s) principally responsible for M&E design and technical oversight should be included. The resumes should be no more than two pages and should all follow a consistent format. The applicant should also clarify roles for local partners and staff.

· Performance Monitoring and Evaluation Plan: CSO considers monitoring to be essential for responsible program management. Successful applicants will submit a draft monitoring plan with the Proposal Narrative. After CSO review, a final monitoring plan must be submitted within 30 days of the award notification. The M&E plan should include:

· Recommended schedule of contact between CSO and the implementer

· Timeline of data deliverables (can reference the Timeline requested in Additional Attachments, below)

· Timeline and measures for assessing the success of the training component outlined in Objective 2

· Timeline and measures for assessing the success of public dissemination of data and analysis

ADDITIONAL ATTACHMENTS AND BUDGET COMPONENTS

Additional attachments listed below, budget components, and the SF-424s are not part of the proposal narrative.

· Additional Attachments:

· Timeline: The timeline of the overall proposal should include activities, evaluation efforts, and program closeout (not to exceed one [1] page). Please use the GANTT chart template provided.

· Key Personnel: Please include CVs of key personnel that highlight relevant professional experience (not to exceed two [2] pages each).

· Past Performance References (maximum of 3): When past performance information is present, applicants shall furnish award numbers and other details with contact information for no more than three similar programs funded over the past three years by the State Department, or any other government entity or third party source. The details shall include the following: name of the organization or agency which funded the program(s), award number, point of contact’s name, mailing address, email address and phone number, and the overall dollar value of the program. The applicant must include information on any problems encountered, and the applicant’s corrective action(s). Applicants must not provide general information on their performance. Applicants may describe any quality awards or certificates that indicate exceptional capacity to conduct the program described in this NOFO. Please use the PPR template provided.

· Budget Components:

· Budget Appropriateness: Budgeted items are necessary and sufficient to the achievement of the goal, objectives, activities and program monitoring as presented in the proposal. This should consist of both an Excel budget breakdown and a budget narrative attached as an annex. The budget narrative must include clear, substantive explanations for each line-item and how the amounts were derived, as well as the source and description of all cost-share offered. Refer to the Excel Budget Template for guidance on compiling a budget and associated budget narrative.

· Cost-effectiveness: The Department of State must determine that the costs paid for this award are reasonable, allowable, and allocable to the proposed program activities. This will consist of a review of the Budget to determine if the overall costs are realistic for the work to be performed, if the costs reflect the applicant’s understanding of the allowable cost principles established by Office of Management and Budget (OMB) in 2 CFR 200 (OMB Circular A-122), and if the costs are consistent with the program narrative. Programs should seek to produce innovative and cost-effective outcomes that reach more beneficiaries. As per Section C2 of 2 CFR 200, cost-share is not required, but funding contributed by the applicant and other partners shows a commitment to the success of the program. Applicants may incorporate cost-share through leveraging existing programs, partnering, and/or providing in-kind goods and services.

Include a PDF file copy of your organization’s most recent program (A-133 /2 CFR 200) audit, if applicable. If not, please include a copy of your most recent independent audit, if available.

V. APPLICATION EVALUATION AND SCORING

Department of State/Bureau will issue an award to the applicant whose proposal represents the best value to the U.S. Government on the basis of technical merit, efficient use of U.S. Government funds, and satisfactory organizational capacity.

The Department of State reserves the right to make an award on the basis of initial application received with or without discussion or negotiations. Therefore, applications should contain the applicants’ best terms from both cost and technical standpoints.

It is Department of State policy that English is the official language and U.S. dollar is the controlling currency. Proposal and related supporting documents must be English and accompanying budget in U.S. dollars.

Eligible applications will be evaluated by an independent review panel consisting of subject matter experts from other DOS bureaus/or offices or other USG agencies.

Bureau will conduct a merit review of all eligible applications as outlined in this NOFO. Applications will be reviewed by an independent review panel consisting of qualified subject matter experts from other DOS bureaus and offices, U.S. Embassies, or other USG agencies. Final approval resides with the DOS Grants Office.

The independent review panel will evaluate each application individually against the following criteria, listed below:

Data Collection Total Possible = 100 points

· Data collection plan is fully developed and detailed. Methodology is grounded in and building on current literature and research, is clear, and includes specific, attainable goals. (20)

· Sourcing and coding of relevant variables is carefully considered. Clear operational definitions of religious repression and related concepts to be measured are provided. This includes but is not limited to variables such as categories/types of religious repression, severity of repression events, and categories of perpetrators and targets. (20)

· Data collection protocols are fully developed and detailed, and includes a well thought out quality control plan. (10)

· Initial proposal for pilot countries is included, with reasoning provided for why these countries were selected. (15)

· Experience of project team and proposed sub-grantees working on related data collection efforts using open source data and working in the appropriate country contexts. Resumes/CVs are provided for key personnel of main project team and proposed sub-grantees, and credentials key to the success of the project are covered. (15)

· Project timeline is clearly explained and reasonable. (5)

· Describes the division of labor among the direct applicant, any partners, and any potential sub-grantees; addresses how the program will engage or obtain support from relevant stakeholders; and identifies local partners where appropriate. (10)

· Includes contingency plans for potential difficulties in executing the original work plan. (5) Program Planning, Dissemination, and Engaging Local Stakeholders Total Possible = 50 points

· Proposal for engaging and training local partners as appropriate. This plan should be clearly linked to data collection and verification. Describe how partners will be identified, as necessary. (20)

· Plan for regular communication and collaboration with CSO. (5)

· Plan for measuring the success for training local civil society organizations to improve data collection and reporting. (15)

· Plan for data and analytics dissemination, with clear measures of success. (5)

· Costs are reasonable for the proposed work, with overhead and administrative costs including salaries and honoraria clearly articulated. (5)

VI. FEDERAL AWARD ADMINISTRATION INFORMATION:

Issuance of this NOFO does not constitute a commitment on the part of the Department of State to issue an award nor does it commit the U.S. Government to pay for costs incurred in the preparation and submission of an application. Furthermore, award cannot be issued until funds have been fully appropriated, allocated, and committed through internal DOS procedures. While it is anticipated that these procedures will be successfully completed, potential applicants are hereby notified of these requirements. All preparation and submission costs are at the applicant’s expense.

Pursuant to 2 CFR 200.400 g, it is U.S. Department of State policy not to award profit under assistance instruments.

2 CFR §200.501 requires domestic/US non-federal entities that expend $750,000, or more, in federal assistance during organization’s fiscal year to have a single or program-specific audit conducted for that year. In addition, the entity must report the collected audit data elements on the form SF-SAC and submit it to the FAC. Any findings such as material weaknesses, significant deficiencies, or material noncompliance are reported on the SF-SAC.

The Federal award signed by the Grants Officer is the only authorizing document.

Reporting Requirements Recipient will be required to submit Quarterly Progress and Quarterly Financial Reports (SF-425), unless special conditions apply, describing key activities undertaken during the reporting period towards accomplishment of the stated objectives. Financial Reports provide a means of monitoring expenditures. In difficult environments CSO may require additional reporting and briefings in order to monitor program developments. Applicants should account for this in their M&E staffing plans.

NOTE: It is the Department of State’s policy that English is the official language of all award documents. If reports or any other supporting documents are provided in both English and a foreign language, it must be stated in each version that the English language version is the controlling version. U.S. dollar is the controlling currency. Financial reports must be submitted in U.S. dollars Mandatory Disclosures (2 CFR 200.113) Non-federal entity, recipient or applicant for a federal award must disclose, in a timely manner, in writing to the federal awarding agency or pass-through entity all violations of federal criminal law involving fraud, bribery, or gratuity violations potentially affecting the federal award. Non-federal entities that have received a Federal award including the term and condition outlined in Appendix XII of the 2 CFR 200—Award Terms and Conditions for Recipient Integrity and Performance Matters -- are required to report certain civil, criminal, or administrative proceedings to www.sam.gov.

Failure to make required disclosures can result in any of the remedies described in §200.338 Remedies for Noncompliance, including suspension or debarment.

Federal Awardee Performance and Integrity Information System (FAPIIS) A federal awarding agency, prior to making a federal award, will review and consider any information about the applicant that is in the designated integrity and performance system accessible through www.sam.gov (currently FAPIIS) (see 41 U.S.C. 2313). Applicant, at its option, may review information in the designated integrity and performance systems accessible through www.sam.gov and comment on any information about itself that a Federal awarding agency previously entered and is currently in the designated integrity and performance system accessible through www.sam.gov. Federal awarding agency will consider any comments by the applicant, in addition to the other information in the designated integrity and performance.

Applicant organizations must demonstrate adherence to equal opportunity employment practices and commitment to non-discrimination with respect to beneficiaries. Non-discrimination includes equal treatment without regard to race, religion, ethnicity, gender, and political affiliation. Applicants are reminded that U.S. Executive Orders and U.S. law prohibits transactions with or support to individuals or organizations associated with terrorism.

Proposals that reflect any type of support for any member, affiliate, or representative of a designated to terrorist organization or narcotics trafficker, including elected members of government, will NOT be considered. This provision must be included in any sub‐awards/sub-contracts issued under this award.

VII. AGENCY CONTACTS

Any prospective applicant desiring an explanation or interpretation of this NOFO must request it in writing by the deadline for questions specified in the cover letter to allow a reply to reach all prospective applicants before the submission of their applications. Any information given to a prospective applicant concerning this NOFO will be furnished promptly to all other prospective applicants as a Questions and Answers attachment to this NOFO, if that information is necessary in submitting applications or if the lack of it would be prejudicial to any other prospective applicants.

Any questions concerning this NOFO must be submitted in writing by email to:

Dustin Gamza GamzaD@state.gov