B.08.02 Combined Synopsis Solicitation.pdf

This is a combined synopsis/solicitation for commercial items prepared in accordance with the format in FAR Subpart 12.6 as supplemented with additional information in this notice. This announcement constitutes the only solicitation, quotes are being requested and a written solicitation will not be issued.

***Please read these instructions carefully.***

Solicitation number W9127S23Q0031 is issued as a request for quotation (RFQ).

The solicitation document and incorporated provisions and clauses are those in effect through Federal Acquisition Circular 2023-03.

Set Aside, NAICS Code & Size Standard: This solicitation is a small business set-aside. The NAICS Code 561730 and the applicable size standard of $9.5 million.

All offerors are required to have an active registration in SAM.gov.

Description of requirements for the items to be acquired: The contractor shall provide Vegetation Removal on DeQueen Dike at DeQueen Lake Office, Millwood Tri Lakes Project Office.

A pre-bid meeting will be held at the DeQueen Project Office at 9 a.m. on August 22, 2023.

Date(s) and place(s) of delivery and acceptance and FOB point:

DeQueen Lake Office 706 DeQueen Lake Rd DeQueen, AR 71832

The provision at 52.212-1 (Deviation), Instructions to Offerors -- Commercial, applies to this acquisition. Offerors are also required to submit a completed copy of the Request for Quotation cover page and a completed copy of the quote schedule.

Offerors are required to include a completed copy of the provision at 52.212-3 Alt I, Offeror Representations and Certifications -- Commercial Items, with its quote.

The provision at 52.212-2 Evaluation-Commercial Items, is not applicable to this solicitation.

Award will be made solely on price.

Quotes are due August 29, 2023, at 10:00 a.m. CST. Email submission of quotations are preferred in.pdf form, however, Fax or Mail submissions are allowed.

Required Documents to Submit:

1. Request for Quotation cover page (signed)

2. Completed (filled in) Provisions, as applicable

3. Quote Schedule with unit prices and total prices.

4. Signed Amendments, if applicable

When submitting your quote, be please make sure the solicitation number, W9127S23Q0031, is written in the subject line or on the outside of the envelope.

Email:

brandee.m.wright@usace.army.mil

If sending by mail, please submit your quotes to the following address:

US Army Corps of Engineers, Little Rock District Contracting Division, Attention: Brandee Wright 700 West Capitol Ave. Room 7315 Little Rock, AR 72201

If you have any questions regarding this solicitation, please contact:

Brandee Wright 501-340-1466 Brandee.m.wright@usace.army.mil mailto:brandee.m.wright@usace.army.mil mailto:Brandee.m.wright@usace.army.mil

REQUEST FOR QUOTATION COVER PAGE 3

US Army Corps of Engineers, Little Rock District Contracting Division

700 West Capitol Avenue Room 7315 Little Rock, AR 72203

W9127S23Q0031 Vegetation Removal on Dike

DeQueen Project Office

Submitted by

Offeror Name:

Offeror Address:

Street

City/State

Offeror Email Address:

Cage Code:

DUNS Number:

TIN:

Telephone Number:

Signature:

Date:

Section SF 1449 - CONTINUATION SHEET

ITEM NO SUPPLIES/SERVICES QUANTITY UNIT UNIT PRICE AMOUNT

0001 1 Job Removal of vegatation on Dikes A&E

FFP

DeQueen Lake FOB: Destination

PSC CD: S208

NET AMT

INSPECTION AND ACCEPTANCE TERMS

Supplies/services will be inspected/accepted at:

CLIN INSPECT AT INSPECT BY ACCEPT AT ACCEPT BY

0001 Destination Government Destination Government

DELIVERY INFORMATION

CLIN DELIVERY DATE QUANTITY SHIP TO ADDRESS DODAAC /

CAGE

0001 POP 15-OCT-2023 TO

01-APR-2024

N/A DEQUEEN LAKE OFFICE-MWPO

706 DE QUEEN LAKE ROAD

DE QUEEN AR 71832

FOB: Destination

967189

CLAUSES INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

52.202-1 Definitions JUN 2020 52.203-6 Alt I Restrictions On Subcontractor Sales To The Government

(JUN 2020) -- Alternate I

NOV 2021

52.203-13 Contractor Code of Business Ethics and Conduct NOV 2021

52.203-19 Prohibition on Requiring Certain Internal Confidentiality Agreements or Statements

JAN 2017

52.204-4 Printed or Copied Double-Sided on Postconsumer Fiber Content Paper

MAY 2011

52.204-9 Personal Identity Verification of Contractor Personnel JAN 2011 52.204-10 Reporting Executive Compensation and First-Tier

Subcontract Awards

JUN 2020

52.204-13 System for Award Management Maintenance OCT 2018 52.204-16 Commercial and Government Entity Code Reporting AUG 2020 52.204-18 Commercial and Government Entity Code Maintenance AUG 2020 52.204-19 Incorporation by Reference of Representations and

Certifications.

DEC 2014

52.204-23 Prohibition on Contracting for Hardware, Software, and Services Developed or Provided by Kaspersky Lab and Other Covered Entities

NOV 2021

52.204-25 Prohibition on Contracting for Certain Telecommunications and Video Surveillance Services or Equipment

NOV 2021

52.204-27 Prohibition on a ByteDance Covered Application JUN 2023 52.209-2 Prohibition on Contracting with Inverted Domestic

Corporations--Representation

NOV 2015

52.209-6 Protecting the Government's Interest When Subcontracting With Contractors Debarred, Suspended, or Proposed for Debarment

NOV 2021

52.209-10 Prohibition on Contracting With Inverted Domestic Corporations

NOV 2015

52.212-4 Contract Terms and Conditions--Commercial Products and Commercial Services

DEC 2022

52.212-5 (Dev) Contract Terms and Conditions Required to Implement Statutes or Executive Orders--Commercial Products and Commercial Services (Deviation 2018-O0021)

JUN 2023

52.219-6 Notice Of Total Small Business Set-Aside NOV 2020 52.219-8 Utilization of Small Business Concerns OCT 2022 52.219-14 Limitations On Subcontracting OCT 2022 52.222-3 Convict Labor JUN 2003 52.222-21 Prohibition Of Segregated Facilities APR 2015 52.222-26 Equal Opportunity SEP 2016 52.222-35 Equal Opportunity for Veterans JUN 2020 52.222-36 Equal Opportunity for Workers with Disabilities JUN 2020 52.222-40 Notification of Employee Rights Under the National Labor

Relations Act

DEC 2010

52.222-41 Service Contract Labor Standards AUG 2018 52.222-50 Combating Trafficking in Persons NOV 2021 52.222-54 Employment Eligibility Verification MAY 2022 52.222-55 Minimum Wages for Contractor Workers Under Executive

Order 14026

JAN 2022

52.223-15 Energy Efficiency in Energy-Consuming Products MAY 2020 52.223-18 Encouraging Contractor Policies To Ban Text Messaging

While Driving

JUN 2020

52.225-13 Restrictions on Certain Foreign Purchases FEB 2021 52.228-5 Insurance - Work On A Government Installation JAN 1997 52.228-5 Insurance - Work On A Government Installation JAN 1997 52.232-33 Payment by Electronic Funds Transfer--System for Award

Management

OCT 2018

52.233-2 Service Of Protest SEP 2006 52.233-3 Protest After Award AUG 1996

52.233-4 Applicable Law for Breach of Contract Claim OCT 2004 52.237-2 Protection Of Government Buildings, Equipment, And

Vegetation

APR 1984

52.245-1 Government Property SEP 2021 252.201-7000 Contracting Officer's Representative DEC 1991 252.203-7000 Requirements Relating to Compensation of Former DoD

Officials

SEP 2011

252.203-7002 Requirement to Inform Employees of Whistleblower Rights DEC 2022 252.203-7003 Agency Office of the Inspector General AUG 2019 252.204-7003 Control Of Government Personnel Work Product APR 1992 252.204-7012 Safeguarding Covered Defense Information and Cyber

Incident Reporting

JAN 2023

252.204-7015 Notice of Authorized Disclosure of Information for Litigation Support

JAN 2023

252.211-7007 Reporting of Government-Furnished Property MAR 2022 252.232-7003 Electronic Submission of Payment Requests and Receiving

Reports

DEC 2018

252.232-7006 Wide Area WorkFlow Payment Instructions JAN 2023 252.232-7010 Levies on Contract Payments DEC 2006 252.237-7010 Prohibition on Interrogation of Detainees by Contractor

Personnel

JAN 2023

252.243-7002 Requests for Equitable Adjustment DEC 2022 252.244-7000 Subcontracts for Commercial Products or Commercial

Services

JAN 2023

252.245-7001 Tagging, Labeling, and Marking of Government-Furnished Property

APR 2012

252.245-7002 Reporting Loss of Government Property JAN 2021 252.245-7003 Contractor Property Management System Administration APR 2012 252.245-7004 Reporting, Reutilization, and Disposal DEC 2017

CLAUSES INCORPORATED BY FULL TEXT

52.219-28 POST-AWARD SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAM REREPRESENTATION (MAR 2023)

(a) Definitions. As used in this clause--

Long-term contract means a contract of more than five years in duration, including options. However, the term does not include contracts that exceed five years in duration because the period of performance has been extended for a cumulative period not to exceed six months under the clause at 52.217-8, Option to Extend Services, or other appropriate authority.

Small business concern--

(1) Means a concern, including its affiliates, that is independently owned and operated, not dominant in its field of operation, and qualified as a small business under the criteria in 13 CFR part 121 and the size standard in paragraph

(d) of this clause.

(2) Affiliates, as used in this definition, means business concerns, one of whom directly or indirectly controls or has the power to control the others, or a third party or parties control or have the power to control the others. In determining whether affiliation exists, consideration is given to all appropriate factors including common ownership, common management, and contractual relationships. SBA determines affiliation based on the factors set forth at 13

CFR 121.103.

(b) If the Contractor represented that it was any of the small business concerns identified in 19.000(a)(3) prior to award of this contract, the Contractor shall rerepresent its size and socioeconomic status according to paragraph (f) of this clause or, if applicable, paragraph (h) of this clause, upon occurrence of any of the following:

(1) Within 30 days after execution of a novation agreement or within 30 days after modification of the contract to include this clause, if the novation agreement was executed prior to inclusion of this clause in the contract.

(2) Within 30 days after a merger or acquisition that does not require a novation or within 30 days after modification of the contract to include this clause, if the merger or acquisition occurred prior to inclusion of this clause in the contract.

(3) For long-term contracts--

(i) Within 60 to 120 days prior to the end of the fifth year of the contract; and

(ii) Within 60 to 120 days prior to the date specified in the contract for exercising any option thereafter.

(c) If the Contractor represented that it was any of the small business concerns identified in 19.000(a)(3) prior to award of this contract, the Contractor shall rerepresent its size and socioeconomic status according to paragraph (f) of this clause or, if applicable, paragraph (h) of this clause, when the Contracting Officer explicitly requires it for an order issued under a multiple-award contract.

(d) The Contractor shall rerepresent its size status in accordance with the size standard in effect at the time of this rerepresentation that corresponds to the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) code(s) assigned to this contract. The small business size standard corresponding to this NAICS code(s) can be found at https://www.sba.gov/document/support--table-size-standards.

(e) The small business size standard for a Contractor providing an end item that it does not manufacture, process, or produce itself, for a contract other than a construction or service contract, is 500 employees, or 150 employees for information technology value-added resellers under NAICS code 541519, if the acquisition--

(1) Was set aside for small business and has a value above the simplified acquisition threshold;

(2) Used the HUBZone price evaluation preference regardless of dollar value, unless the Contractor waived the price evaluation preference; or

(3) Was an 8(a), HUBZone, service-disabled veteran-owned, economically disadvantaged women-owned, or women-owned small business set-aside or sole-source award regardless of dollar value.

(f) Except as provided in paragraph (h) of this clause, the Contractor shall make the representation(s) required by paragraph (b) and (c) of this clause by validating or updating all its representations in the Representations and Certifications section of the System for Award Management (SAM) and its other data in SAM, as necessary, to ensure that they reflect the Contractor's current status. The Contractor shall notify the contracting office in writing within the timeframes specified in paragraph (b) of this clause, or with its offer for an order (see paragraph (c) of this clause), that the data have been validated or updated, and provide the date of the validation or update.

(g) If the Contractor represented that it was other than a small business concern prior to award of this contract, the Contractor may, but is not required to, take the actions required by paragraphs (f) or (h) of this clause.

(h) If the Contractor does not have representations and certifications in SAM, or does not have a representation in SAM for the NAICS code applicable to this contract, the Contractor is required to complete the following rerepresentation and submit it to the contracting office, along with the contract number and the date on which the rerepresentation was completed:

(1) The Contractor represents that it [ ] is, [ ] is not a small business concern under NAICS Code assigned to contract number .

(2) [Complete only if the Contractor represented itself as a small business concern in paragraph (h)(1) of this clause.] The Contractor represents that it [ ] is, [ ] is not, a small disadvantaged business concern as defined in 13 CFR 124.1002.

(3) [Complete only if the Contractor represented itself as a small business concern in paragraph (h)(1) of this clause.] The Contractor represents that it [ ] is, [ ] is not a women-owned small business concern.

(4) Women-owned small business (WOSB) joint venture eligible under the WOSB Program. The Contractor represents that it [ ] is, [ ] is not a joint venture that complies with the requirements of 13 CFR 127.506(a) through (c). [The Contractor shall enter the name and unique entity identifier of each party to the joint venture: .]

(5) Economically disadvantaged women-owned small business (EDWOSB) joint venture. The Contractor represents that it [ ] is, [ ] is not a joint venture that complies with the requirements of 13 CFR 127.506(a) through (c). [The Contractor shall enter the name and unique entity identifier of each party to the joint venture: .]

(6) [Complete only if the Contractor represented itself as a small business concern in paragraph (h)(1) of this clause.] The Contractor represents that it [ ] is, [ ] is not a veteran-owned small business concern.

(7) [Complete only if the Contractor represented itself as a veteran-owned small business concern in paragraph (h)(6) of this clause.] The Contractor represents that it [ ] is, [ ] is not a service-disabled veteran-owned small business concern.

(8) [Complete only if the Contractor represented itself as a small business concern in paragraph (h)(1) of this clause.] The Contractor represents that--

(i) It [ ] is, [ ] is not a HUBZone small business concern listed, on the date of this representation, on the List of Qualified HUBZone Small Business Concerns maintained by the Small Business Administration, and no material changes in ownership and control, principal office, or HUBZone employee percentage have occurred since it was certified in accordance with 13 CFR part 126; and

(ii) It [ ] is, [ ] is not a HUBZone joint venture that complies with the requirements of 13 CFR part 126, and the representation in paragraph (h)(8)(i) of this clause is accurate for each HUBZone small business concern participating in the HUBZone joint venture. [The Contractor shall enter the names of each of the HUBZone small business concerns participating in the HUBZone joint venture: .] Each HUBZone small business concern participating in the HUBZone joint venture shall submit a separate signed copy of the HUBZone representation.

[Contractor to sign and date and insert authorized signer's name and title.]

(End of clause)

52.222-42 STATEMENT OF EQUIVALENT RATES FOR FEDERAL HIRES (MAY 2014)

In compliance with the Service Contract Labor Standards statute and the regulations of the Secretary of Labor (29 CFR part 4), this clause identifies the classes of service employees expected to be employed under the contract and states the wages and fringe benefits payable to each if they were employed by the contracting agency subject to the provisions of 5 U.S.C. 5341 or 5332.

THIS STATEMENT IS FOR INFORMATION ONLY: IT IS NOT A WAGE DETERMINATION

Employee Class Monetary Wage-Fringe Benefits

52.252-1 SOLICITATION PROVISIONS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE (FEB 1998)

This solicitation incorporates one or more solicitation provisions by reference, with the same force and effect as if they were given in full text. Upon request, the Contracting Officer will make their full text available. The offeror is cautioned that the listed provisions may include blocks that must be completed by the offeror and submitted with its quotation or offer. In lieu of submitting the full text of those provisions, the offeror may identify the provision by paragraph identifier and provide the appropriate information with its quotation or offer. Also, the full text of a solicitation provision may be accessed electronically at this/these address(es):

www.acquisition.gov/far

(End of provision)

52.252-2 CLAUSES INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE (FEB 1998)

This contract incorporates one or more clauses by reference, with the same force and effect as if they were given in full text. Upon request, the Contracting Officer will make their full text available. Also, the full text of a clause may be accessed electronically at this/these address(es):

www.acquisition.gov/far

52.252-5 AUTHORIZED DEVIATIONS IN PROVISIONS (NOV 2020)

(a) The use in this solicitation of any Federal Acquisition Regulation (48 CFR Chapter 1) provision with an authorized deviation is indicated by the addition of "(DEVIATION)" after the date of the provision.

(b) The use in this solicitation of any DFARS (48 CFR Chapter 2) provision with an authorized deviation is indicated by the addition of "(DEVIATION)" after the name of the regulation.

(End of provision)

52.252-6 AUTHORIZED DEVIATIONS IN CLAUSES (NOV 2020)

(a) The use in this solicitation or contract of any Federal Acquisition Regulation (48 CFR Chapter 1) clause with an authorized deviation is indicated by the addition of "(DEVIATION)" after the date of the clause.

(b) The use in this solicitation or contract of any DFARS (48 CFR 2) clause with an authorized deviation is indicated by the addition of "(DEVIATION)" after the name of the regulation.

Exhibit/Attachment Table of Contents

DOCUMENT TYPE DESCRIPTION PAGES DATE

Attachment 1 Wage Determination

INDEX:

.L.

• SCOPE OF WORK I SPECS

• ATTACHEDMAPS

o Removal of all trees and brush from toe area on Dikes "A" and "E"

GENERAL

SCOPE OF WORK

REMOVAL OF ALL VEGETATION

FROM TOE AREA ON DIKES

"A" AND "E"

DEQUEEN LAKE- SEVIER COUNTY

.Ll SCOPE: The work consists of furnishing all labor, materials and equipment to remove all existing vegetation from bottom edge of dike to 50 foot out. All vegetation shall be removed including root clusters. All craters created from vegetation root removal shall be filled in with a heavy clay fill material and compacted with machinery. All areas of vegetation removal shall be leveled off and grass seed applied to establish grass. All work is located at Dike "A" and Dike "E", De Queen Lake, in Sevier County, Arkansas.

Ll POINT OF CONTACT: All site visits shall be coordinated with Mrs. Darcy Reed, COR, Millwood Tri-Lakes Project Office,1528 HWY 32E, Telephone: 870-898-3343.

Ll PRE-WORK CONFERENCE: Upon receipt of Notice of Award, the contractor shall make arrangements for a pre-work conference. This conference is for the Government Representative and the contractor to have a mutual understanding of the work to be performed. A proposed work schedule should be submitted prior to this conference for review and approval.

1A. TIME OF PERFORMANCE: The work shall be completed within 120 calendar days after date of receipt by the contractor of the Notice to Proceed.

1.4.1 Rising River Elevations (Flood Impact): Location of work to be performed is N O T located in the river flood plan.

Ll DAMAGE AND RESTORATION: The Contractor shall exercise caution so as to do no damage to existing structures or adjacent land. All restoration of damaged areas shall be the responsibility of the Contractor at no cost to the Government. The Contractor shall be responsible for all cleanup of the job site when construction is complete.

L§_ WORK HOURS: Work shall be performed during the hours of 7:00 AM to 4:30 PM, Monday through Friday except Government holidays. All work shall be coordinated with the Government Representative (GR) .

.11 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS: All work shall conform to current applicable codes including but not limited to: OSHA CFR 29, USACE EM-385-1-1.

2. MATERIALS:

2.1 Approx.200 tons of heavy clay fill material and l 00 pounds of grass seed.

3. EXECUTION:

ll DEMOLITION: The work includes removal of all existing vegetation from bottom edge of dike to 50 foot out. All vegetation shall be removed including root clusters.

NOTE: Contractor will be allowed to pile and burn debris on site or haul off Government property.

"REGISTER OF WAGE DETERMINATIONS UNDER | U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR

THE SERVICE CONTRACT ACT | EMPLOYMENT STANDARDS ADMINISTRATION

By direction of the Secretary of Labor | WAGE AND HOUR DIVISION

| WASHINGTON D.C. 20210

| Wage Determination No.: 2015-5135 Daniel W. Simms Division of | Revision No.: 22 Director Wage Determinations| Date Of Last Revision: 07/14/2023

Note: Contracts subject to the Service Contract Act are generally required to pay at least the applicable minimum wage rate required under Executive Order 14026 or Executive Order 13658.

|If the contract is entered into on or |Executive Order 14026 generally applies to |after January 30, 2022, or the |the contract.

|contract is renewed or extended (e.g., |The contractor must pay all covered workers |an option is exercised) on or after |at least $16.20 per hour (or the applicable |January 30, 2022: |wage rate listed on this wage determination,| | |if it is higher) for all hours spent | |performing on the contract in 2023.

|If the contract was awarded on or |Executive Order 13658 generally applies to |between January 1, 2015 and January 29,|the contract.

|2022, and the contract is not renewed |The contractor must pay all covered workers |or extended on or after January 30, |at least $12.15 per hour (or the applicable |2022: |wage rate listed on this wage determination,| | |if it is higher) for all hours spent | |performing on the contract in 2023.

The applicable Executive Order minimum wage rate will be adjusted annually.

Additional information on contractor requirements and worker protections under the Executive Orders is available at www.dol.gov/whd/govcontracts.

State: Arkansas

Area: Arkansas Counties of Columbia, Hempstead, Howard, Lafayette, Nevada, Sevier

**Fringe Benefits Required Follow the Occupational Listing**

OCCUPATION CODE - TITLE FOOTNOTE RATE

01000 - Administrative Support And Clerical Occupations 01011 - Accounting Clerk I 15.40*** 01012 - Accounting Clerk II 17.28 01013 - Accounting Clerk III 19.34 01020 - Administrative Assistant 23.50 01035 - Court Reporter 19.24 01041 - Customer Service Representative I 14.05*** 01042 - Customer Service Representative II 15.33*** 01043 - Customer Service Representative III 17.22 01051 - Data Entry Operator I 14.03*** 01052 - Data Entry Operator II 15.31*** 01060 - Dispatcher, Motor Vehicle 21.55 01070 - Document Preparation Clerk 12.95*** 01090 - Duplicating Machine Operator 12.95*** 01111 - General Clerk I 13.67*** 01112 - General Clerk II 14.91*** 01113 - General Clerk III 16.75 01120 - Housing Referral Assistant 18.13 01141 - Messenger Courier 10.55*** 01191 - Order Clerk I 12.81*** 01192 - Order Clerk II 13.98*** 01261 - Personnel Assistant (Employment) I 16.53 01262 - Personnel Assistant (Employment) II 18.49 01263 - Personnel Assistant (Employment) III 20.62 01270 - Production Control Clerk 24.73 01290 - Rental Clerk 13.68*** 01300 - Scheduler, Maintenance 14.54*** 01311 - Secretary I 14.54*** 01312 - Secretary II 16.26 01313 - Secretary III 18.13 01320 - Service Order Dispatcher 19.26

01410 - Supply Technician 23.50 01420 - Survey Worker 15.30*** 01460 - Switchboard Operator/Receptionist 13.59*** 01531 - Travel Clerk I 13.45*** 01532 - Travel Clerk II 14.42*** 01533 - Travel Clerk III 16.72 01611 - Word Processor I 13.43*** 01612 - Word Processor II 15.15*** 01613 - Word Processor III 16.86 05000 - Automotive Service Occupations 05005 - Automobile Body Repairer, Fiberglass 22.29 05010 - Automotive Electrician 19.87 05040 - Automotive Glass Installer 17.89 05070 - Automotive Worker 17.89 05110 - Mobile Equipment Servicer 16.31 05130 - Motor Equipment Metal Mechanic 20.91 05160 - Motor Equipment Metal Worker 17.89 05190 - Motor Vehicle Mechanic 20.91 05220 - Motor Vehicle Mechanic Helper 15.27*** 05250 - Motor Vehicle Upholstery Worker 17.57 05280 - Motor Vehicle Wrecker 17.89 05310 - Painter, Automotive 19.87 05340 - Radiator Repair Specialist 17.89 05370 - Tire Repairer 14.57*** 05400 - Transmission Repair Specialist 20.91 07000 - Food Preparation And Service Occupations 07010 - Baker 12.21*** 07041 - Cook I 12.33*** 07042 - Cook II 13.75*** 07070 - Dishwasher 12.26*** 07130 - Food Service Worker 12.10*** 07210 - Meat Cutter 15.15*** 07260 - Waiter/Waitress 11.07*** 09000 - Furniture Maintenance And Repair Occupations 09010 - Electrostatic Spray Painter 19.87 09040 - Furniture Handler 12.73*** 09080 - Furniture Refinisher 19.87 09090 - Furniture Refinisher Helper 15.27*** 09110 - Furniture Repairer, Minor 17.57 09130 - Upholsterer 19.87 11000 - General Services And Support Occupations 11030 - Cleaner, Vehicles 14.16*** 11060 - Elevator Operator 12.43*** 11090 - Gardener 16.48 11122 - Housekeeping Aide 12.43*** 11150 - Janitor 12.43*** 11210 - Laborer, Grounds Maintenance 13.58*** 11240 - Maid or Houseman 11.52*** 11260 - Pruner 12.63*** 11270 - Tractor Operator 15.59***

11330 - Trail Maintenance Worker 13.58*** 11360 - Window Cleaner 13.38*** 12000 - Health Occupations 12010 - Ambulance Driver 16.55 12011 - Breath Alcohol Technician 19.30 12012 - Certified Occupational Therapist Assistant 26.49 12015 - Certified Physical Therapist Assistant 35.44 12020 - Dental Assistant 15.20*** 12025 - Dental Hygienist 38.00 12030 - EKG Technician 29.25 12035 - Electroneurodiagnostic Technologist 29.25 12040 - Emergency Medical Technician 16.55 12071 - Licensed Practical Nurse I 17.26 12072 - Licensed Practical Nurse II 19.30 12073 - Licensed Practical Nurse III 21.52 12100 - Medical Assistant 14.50*** 12130 - Medical Laboratory Technician 22.67 12160 - Medical Record Clerk 15.22*** 12190 - Medical Record Technician 17.58 12195 - Medical Transcriptionist 17.26 12210 - Nuclear Medicine Technologist 42.43 12221 - Nursing Assistant I 12.04*** 12222 - Nursing Assistant II 13.53*** 12223 - Nursing Assistant III 14.76*** 12224 - Nursing Assistant IV 16.57 12235 - Optical Dispenser 20.89 12236 - Optical Technician 17.26 12250 - Pharmacy Technician 15.96*** 12280 - Phlebotomist 13.79*** 12305 - Radiologic Technologist 23.54 12311 - Registered Nurse I 24.98 12312 - Registered Nurse II 30.55 12313 - Registered Nurse II, Specialist 30.55 12314 - Registered Nurse III 36.96 12315 - Registered Nurse III, Anesthetist 36.96 12316 - Registered Nurse IV 44.31 12317 - Scheduler (Drug and Alcohol Testing) 23.92 12320 - Substance Abuse Treatment Counselor 24.91 13000 - Information And Arts Occupations 13011 - Exhibits Specialist I 17.31 13012 - Exhibits Specialist II 21.88 13013 - Exhibits Specialist III 26.23 13041 - Illustrator I 17.31 13042 - Illustrator II 21.88 13043 - Illustrator III 26.23 13047 - Librarian 23.75 13050 - Library Aide/Clerk 13.78*** 13054 - Library Information Technology Systems 21.45 Administrator 13058 - Library Technician 16.74

13061 - Media Specialist I 15.48*** 13062 - Media Specialist II 17.31 13063 - Media Specialist III 19.29 13071 - Photographer I 15.48*** 13072 - Photographer II 17.31 13073 - Photographer III 21.45 13074 - Photographer IV 26.23 13075 - Photographer V 31.73 13090 - Technical Order Library Clerk 17.31 13110 - Video Teleconference Technician 15.49*** 14000 - Information Technology Occupations 14041 - Computer Operator I 16.15*** 14042 - Computer Operator II 18.07 14043 - Computer Operator III 20.44 14044 - Computer Operator IV 22.44 14045 - Computer Operator V 24.79 14071 - Computer Programmer I (see 1) 19.55 14072 - Computer Programmer II (see 1) 24.21 14073 - Computer Programmer III (see 1) 14074 - Computer Programmer IV (see 1) 14101 - Computer Systems Analyst I (see 1) 14102 - Computer Systems Analyst II (see 1) 14103 - Computer Systems Analyst III (see 1) 14150 - Peripheral Equipment Operator 16.15*** 14160 - Personal Computer Support Technician 23.14 14170 - System Support Specialist 25.16 15000 - Instructional Occupations 15010 - Aircrew Training Devices Instructor (Non-Rated) 30.53 15020 - Aircrew Training Devices Instructor (Rated) 36.94 15030 - Air Crew Training Devices Instructor (Pilot) 44.28 15050 - Computer Based Training Specialist / Instructor 30.53 15060 - Educational Technologist 29.98 15070 - Flight Instructor (Pilot) 44.28 15080 - Graphic Artist 22.87 15085 - Maintenance Test Pilot, Fixed, Jet/Prop 44.28 15086 - Maintenance Test Pilot, Rotary Wing 44.28 15088 - Non-Maintenance Test/Co-Pilot 44.28 15090 - Technical Instructor 20.99 15095 - Technical Instructor/Course Developer 25.67 15110 - Test Proctor 16.94 15120 - Tutor 16.94 16000 - Laundry, Dry-Cleaning, Pressing And Related Occupations 16010 - Assembler 13.01*** 16030 - Counter Attendant 13.01*** 16040 - Dry Cleaner 14.96*** 16070 - Finisher, Flatwork, Machine 13.01*** 16090 - Presser, Hand 13.01*** 16110 - Presser, Machine, Drycleaning 13.01*** 16130 - Presser, Machine, Shirts 13.01*** 16160 - Presser, Machine, Wearing Apparel, Laundry 13.01***

16190 - Sewing Machine Operator 15.58*** 16220 - Tailor 16.20 16250 - Washer, Machine 13.66*** 19000 - Machine Tool Operation And Repair Occupations 19010 - Machine-Tool Operator (Tool Room) 21.79 19040 - Tool And Die Maker 25.91 21000 - Materials Handling And Packing Occupations 21020 - Forklift Operator 17.33 21030 - Material Coordinator 24.73 21040 - Material Expediter 24.73 21050 - Material Handling Laborer 15.32*** 21071 - Order Filler 13.98*** 21080 - Production Line Worker (Food Processing) 17.33 21110 - Shipping Packer 16.82 21130 - Shipping/Receiving Clerk 16.82 21140 - Store Worker I 14.91*** 21150 - Stock Clerk 18.90 21210 - Tools And Parts Attendant 17.33 21410 - Warehouse Specialist 17.33 23000 - Mechanics And Maintenance And Repair Occupations 23010 - Aerospace Structural Welder 26.12 23019 - Aircraft Logs and Records Technician 21.36 23021 - Aircraft Mechanic I 24.96 23022 - Aircraft Mechanic II 26.12 23023 - Aircraft Mechanic III 27.23 23040 - Aircraft Mechanic Helper 19.12 23050 - Aircraft, Painter 23.77 23060 - Aircraft Servicer 21.36 23070 - Aircraft Survival Flight Equipment Technician 23.77 23080 - Aircraft Worker 22.57 23091 - Aircrew Life Support Equipment (ALSE) Mechanic 22.57 I 23092 - Aircrew Life Support Equipment (ALSE) Mechanic 24.96

II

23110 - Appliance Mechanic 23.77 23120 - Bicycle Repairer 20.22 23125 - Cable Splicer 40.35 23130 - Carpenter, Maintenance 22.01 23140 - Carpet Layer 22.57 23160 - Electrician, Maintenance 23.18 23181 - Electronics Technician Maintenance I 28.53 23182 - Electronics Technician Maintenance II 30.24 23183 - Electronics Technician Maintenance III 32.81 23260 - Fabric Worker 21.36 23290 - Fire Alarm System Mechanic 24.96 23310 - Fire Extinguisher Repairer 20.22 23311 - Fuel Distribution System Mechanic 29.14 23312 - Fuel Distribution System Operator 24.12 23370 - General Maintenance Worker 17.52 23380 - Ground Support Equipment Mechanic 24.96

23381 - Ground Support Equipment Servicer 21.36 23382 - Ground Support Equipment Worker 22.57 23391 - Gunsmith I 20.22 23392 - Gunsmith II 22.57 23393 - Gunsmith III 24.96 23410 - Heating, Ventilation And Air-Conditioning 22.14 Mechanic 23411 - Heating, Ventilation And Air Contidioning 23.19 Mechanic (Research Facility) 23430 - Heavy Equipment Mechanic 25.05 23440 - Heavy Equipment Operator 19.17 23460 - Instrument Mechanic 24.96 23465 - Laboratory/Shelter Mechanic 23.77 23470 - Laborer 15.32*** 23510 - Locksmith 23.77 23530 - Machinery Maintenance Mechanic 24.40 23550 - Machinist, Maintenance 24.61 23580 - Maintenance Trades Helper 15.27*** 23591 - Metrology Technician I 24.96 23592 - Metrology Technician II 26.12 23593 - Metrology Technician III 27.23 23640 - Millwright 28.75 23710 - Office Appliance Repairer 23.77 23760 - Painter, Maintenance 19.92 23790 - Pipefitter, Maintenance 22.69 23810 - Plumber, Maintenance 21.66 23820 - Pneudraulic Systems Mechanic 24.96 23850 - Rigger 24.96 23870 - Scale Mechanic 22.57 23890 - Sheet-Metal Worker, Maintenance 23.99 23910 - Small Engine Mechanic 21.82 23931 - Telecommunications Mechanic I 23.11 23932 - Telecommunications Mechanic II 24.19 23950 - Telephone Lineman 28.75 23960 - Welder, Combination, Maintenance 19.25 23965 - Well Driller 24.96 23970 - Woodcraft Worker 24.96 23980 - Woodworker 20.22 24000 - Personal Needs Occupations 24550 - Case Manager 14.94*** 24570 - Child Care Attendant 11.59*** 24580 - Child Care Center Clerk 14.45*** 24610 - Chore Aide 12.31*** 24620 - Family Readiness And Support Services 14.94*** Coordinator 24630 - Homemaker 14.94*** 25000 - Plant And System Operations Occupations 25010 - Boiler Tender 23.80 25040 - Sewage Plant Operator 19.87 25070 - Stationary Engineer 23.80

25190 - Ventilation Equipment Tender 17.26 25210 - Water Treatment Plant Operator 18.06 27000 - Protective Service Occupations 27004 - Alarm Monitor 14.88*** 27007 - Baggage Inspector 13.19*** 27008 - Corrections Officer 17.31 27010 - Court Security Officer 17.74 27030 - Detection Dog Handler 14.76*** 27040 - Detention Officer 17.31 27070 - Firefighter 18.39 27101 - Guard I 13.19*** 27102 - Guard II 14.76*** 27131 - Police Officer I 18.32 27132 - Police Officer II 20.36 28000 - Recreation Occupations 28041 - Carnival Equipment Operator 14.94*** 28042 - Carnival Equipment Repairer 15.79*** 28043 - Carnival Worker 12.10*** 28210 - Gate Attendant/Gate Tender 15.88*** 28310 - Lifeguard 12.87*** 28350 - Park Attendant (Aide) 17.76 28510 - Recreation Aide/Health Facility Attendant 12.97*** 28515 - Recreation Specialist 21.65 28630 - Sports Official 14.16*** 28690 - Swimming Pool Operator 17.60 29000 - Stevedoring/Longshoremen Occupational Services 29010 - Blocker And Bracer 25.82 29020 - Hatch Tender 25.82 29030 - Line Handler 25.82 29041 - Stevedore I 24.41 29042 - Stevedore II 27.19 30000 - Technical Occupations 30010 - Air Traffic Control Specialist, Center (HFO) (see 2) 43.06 30011 - Air Traffic Control Specialist, Station (HFO) (see 2) 29.69 30012 - Air Traffic Control Specialist, Terminal (HFO) (see 2) 32.70 30021 - Archeological Technician I 18.33 30022 - Archeological Technician II 20.50 30023 - Archeological Technician III 25.40 30030 - Cartographic Technician 25.40 30040 - Civil Engineering Technician 25.40 30051 - Cryogenic Technician I 28.13 30052 - Cryogenic Technician II 31.06 30061 - Drafter/CAD Operator I 18.33 30062 - Drafter/CAD Operator II 20.50 30063 - Drafter/CAD Operator III 22.85 30064 - Drafter/CAD Operator IV 28.13 30081 - Engineering Technician I 16.32 30082 - Engineering Technician II 19.06 30083 - Engineering Technician III 21.32 30084 - Engineering Technician IV 26.42

30085 - Engineering Technician V 32.32 30086 - Engineering Technician VI 38.24 30090 - Environmental Technician 25.40 30095 - Evidence Control Specialist 25.40 30210 - Laboratory Technician 27.48 30221 - Latent Fingerprint Technician I 28.13 30222 - Latent Fingerprint Technician II 31.06 30240 - Mathematical Technician 25.40 30361 - Paralegal/Legal Assistant I 17.70 30362 - Paralegal/Legal Assistant II 21.94 30363 - Paralegal/Legal Assistant III 26.82 30364 - Paralegal/Legal Assistant IV 32.45 30375 - Petroleum Supply Specialist 31.06 30390 - Photo-Optics Technician 25.40 30395 - Radiation Control Technician 31.06 30461 - Technical Writer I 25.40 30462 - Technical Writer II 31.19 30463 - Technical Writer III 37.58 30491 - Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) Technician I 27.37 30492 - Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) Technician II 33.11 30493 - Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) Technician III 39.69 30494 - Unexploded (UXO) Safety Escort 27.37 30495 - Unexploded (UXO) Sweep Personnel 27.37 30501 - Weather Forecaster I 28.13 30502 - Weather Forecaster II 34.21 30620 - Weather Observer, Combined Upper Air Or (see 2) 22.85 Surface Programs 30621 - Weather Observer, Senior (see 2) 25.40 31000 - Transportation/Mobile Equipment Operation Occupations 31010 - Airplane Pilot 33.11 31020 - Bus Aide 14.64*** 31030 - Bus Driver 18.65 31043 - Driver Courier 14.28*** 31260 - Parking and Lot Attendant 12.30*** 31290 - Shuttle Bus Driver 14.48*** 31310 - Taxi Driver 11.79*** 31361 - Truckdriver, Light 15.10*** 31362 - Truckdriver, Medium 15.99*** 31363 - Truckdriver, Heavy 19.92 31364 - Truckdriver, Tractor-Trailer 19.92 99000 - Miscellaneous Occupations 99020 - Cabin Safety Specialist 16.14*** 99030 - Cashier 11.51*** 99050 - Desk Clerk 11.71*** 99095 - Embalmer 26.09 99130 - Flight Follower 27.37 99251 - Laboratory Animal Caretaker I 14.02*** 99252 - Laboratory Animal Caretaker II 14.82*** 99260 - Marketing Analyst 30.13 99310 - Mortician 26.09

99410 - Pest Controller 16.62 99510 - Photofinishing Worker 14.38*** 99710 - Recycling Laborer 14.83*** 99711 - Recycling Specialist 17.02 99730 - Refuse Collector 13.79*** 99810 - Sales Clerk 13.29*** 99820 - School Crossing Guard 16.30 99830 - Survey Party Chief 21.50 99831 - Surveying Aide 13.18*** 99832 - Surveying Technician 18.06 99840 - Vending Machine Attendant 20.11 99841 - Vending Machine Repairer 23.75 99842 - Vending Machine Repairer Helper 20.11

***Workers in this classification may be entitled to a higher minimum wage under Executive Order 14026 ($16.20 per hour) or 13658 ($12.15 per hour). Please see the Note at the top of the wage determination for more information. Please also note that the minimum wage requirements of Executive Order 14026 and 13658 are not currently being enforced as to contracts or contract-like instruments entered into with the federal government in connection with seasonal recreational services or seasonal recreational equipment rental for the general public on federal lands.

Note: Executive Order (EO) 13706, Establishing Paid Sick Leave for Federal Contractors, applies to all contracts subject to the Service Contract Act for which the contract is awarded (and any solicitation was issued) on or after January 1, 2017. If this contract is covered by the EO, the contractor must provide employees with 1 hour of paid sick leave for every 30 hours they work, up to 56 hours of paid sick leave each year. Employees must be permitted to use paid sick leave for their own illness, injury or other health-related needs, including preventive care; to assist a family member (or person who is like family to the employee) who is ill, injured, or has other health-related needs, including preventive care; or for reasons resulting from, or to assist a family member (or person who is like family to the employee) who is the victim of, domestic violence, sexual assault, or stalking. Additional information on contractor requirements and worker protections under the EO is available at www.dol.gov/whd/govcontracts.

ALL OCCUPATIONS LISTED ABOVE RECEIVE THE FOLLOWING BENEFITS:

HEALTH & WELFARE: $4.98 per hour, up to 40 hours per week, or $199.20 per week or $863.20 per month

HEALTH & WELFARE EO 13706: $4.57 per hour, up to 40 hours per week, or $182.80 per week, or $792.13 per month*

*This rate is to be used only when compensating employees for performance on an SCA-covered contract also covered by EO 13706, Establishing Paid Sick Leave for Federal

Contractors. A contractor may not receive credit toward its SCA obligations for any paid sick leave provided pursuant to EO 13706.

VACATION: 2 weeks paid vacation after 1 year of service with a contractor or successor, 3 weeks after 8 years, and 4 weeks after 15 years. Length of service includes the whole span of continuous service with the present contractor or successor, wherever employed, and with the predecessor contractors in the performance of similar work at the same Federal facility. (See 29 CFR 4.173)

HOLIDAYS: A minimum of eleven paid holidays per year: New Year's Day, Martin Luther King Jr.'s Birthday, Washington's Birthday, Memorial Day, Juneteenth National Independence Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Columbus Day, Veterans' Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day. (A contractor may substitute for any of the named holidays another day off with pay in accordance with a plan communicated to the employees involved.) (See 29 CFR 4.174)

THE OCCUPATIONS WHICH HAVE NUMBERED FOOTNOTES IN PARENTHESES RECEIVE THE FOLLOWING:

1) COMPUTER EMPLOYEES: This wage determination does not apply to any individual employed in a bona fide executive, administrative, or professional capacity, as defined in 29 C.F.R. Part 541. (See 41 C.F.R. 6701(3)). Because most Computer Systems Analysts and Computer Programmers who are paid at least $27.63 per hour (or at least $684 per week if paid on a salary or fee basis) likely qualify as exempt computer professionals under 29 U.S.C. 213(a)(1) and 29 U.S.C. 213(a)(17), this wage determination may not include wage rates for all occupations within those job families. In such instances, a conformance will be necessary if there are nonexempt employees in these job families working on the contract.

Job titles vary widely and change quickly in the computer industry, and are not determinative of whether an employee is an exempt computer professional. To be exempt, computer employees who satisfy the compensation requirements must also have a primary duty that consists of:

(1) The application of systems analysis techniques and procedures, including consulting with users, to determine hardware, software or system functional specifications;

(2) The design, development, documentation, analysis, creation, testing or modification of computer systems or programs, including prototypes, based on and related to user or system design specifications;

(3) The design, documentation, testing, creation or modification of computer programs related to machine operating systems; or

(4) A combination of the aforementioned duties, the performance of which requires the same level of skills. (29 C.F.R. 541.400).

Any computer employee who meets the applicable compensation requirements and the above duties test qualifies as an exempt computer professional under both section 13(a)(1) and section 13(a)(17) of the Fair Labor Standards Act. (Field Assistance Bulletin No. 2006-3 (Dec. 14, 2006)). Accordingly, this wage determination will not apply to any exempt computer employee regardless of which of these two exemptions is utilized.

2) AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS AND WEATHER OBSERVERS - NIGHT PAY & SUNDAY PAY: If you work at night as part of a regular tour of duty, you will earn a night differential and receive an additional 10% of basic pay for any hours worked between 6pm and 6am.

If you are a full-time employed (40 hours a week) and Sunday is part of your regularly scheduled workweek, you are paid at your rate of basic pay plus a Sunday premium of 25% of your basic rate for each hour of Sunday work which is not overtime

(i.e. occasional work on Sunday outside the normal tour of duty is considered overtime work).

** HAZARDOUS PAY DIFFERENTIAL **

An 8 percent differential is applicable to employees employed in a position that represents a high degree of hazard when working with or in close proximity to ordnance, explosives, and incendiary materials. This includes work such as screening, blending, dying, mixing, and pressing of sensitive ordnance, explosives, and pyrotechnic compositions such as lead azide, black powder and photoflash powder.

All dry-house activities involving propellants or explosives. Demilitarization, modification, renovation, demolition, and maintenance operations on sensitive ordnance, explosives and incendiary materials. All operations involving re-grading and cleaning of artillery ranges.

A 4 percent differential is applicable to employees employed in a position that represents a low degree of hazard when working with, or in close proximity to ordnance, (or employees possibly adjacent to) explosives and incendiary materials which involves potential injury such as laceration of hands, face, or arms of the employee engaged in the operation, irritation of the skin, minor burns and the like;

minimal damage to immediate or adjacent work area or equipment being used. All operations involving, unloading, storage, and hauling of ordnance, explosive, and incendiary ordnance material other than small arms ammunition. These differentials are only applicable to work that has been specifically designated by the agency for ordnance, explosives, and incendiary material differential pay.

** UNIFORM ALLOWANCE **

If employees are required to wear uniforms in the performance of this contract (either by the terms of the Government contract, by the employer, by the state or local law, etc.), the cost of furnishing such uniforms and maintaining (by laundering or dry cleaning) such uniforms is an expense that may not be borne by an employee where such cost reduces the hourly rate below that required by the wage determination. The Department of Labor will accept payment in accordance with the following standards as compliance:

The contractor or subcontractor is required to furnish all employees with an adequate number of uniforms without cost or to reimburse employees for the actual cost of the uniforms. In addition, where uniform cleaning and maintenance is made the responsibility of the employee, all contractors and subcontractors subject to this wage determination shall (in the absence of a bona fide collective bargaining agreement providing for a different amount, or the furnishing of contrary affirmative proof as to the actual cost), reimburse all employees for such cleaning and maintenance at a rate of $3.35 per week (or $.67 cents per day). However, in those instances where the uniforms furnished are made of ""wash and wear"" materials, may be routinely washed and dried with other personal garments, and do not require any special treatment such as dry cleaning, daily washing, or commercial laundering in order to meet the cleanliness or appearance standards set by the terms of the Government contract, by the contractor, by law, or by the nature of the work, there is no requirement that employees be reimbursed for uniform maintenance costs.

** SERVICE CONTRACT ACT DIRECTORY OF OCCUPATIONS **

The duties of employees under job titles listed are those described in the ""Service Contract Act Directory of Occupations"", Fifth Edition (Revision 1), dated September 2015, unless otherwise indicated.

** REQUEST FOR AUTHORIZATION OF ADDITIONAL CLASSIFICATION AND WAGE RATE, Standard Form 1444 (SF-1444) **

Conformance Process:

The contracting officer shall require that any class of service employee which is not listed herein and which is to be employed under the contract (i.e., the work to be performed is not performed by any classification listed in the wage determination), be classified by the contractor so as to provide a reasonable relationship (i.e., appropriate level of skill comparison) between such unlisted classifications and the classifications listed in the wage determination (See 29 CFR

4.6(b)(2)(i)). Such conforming procedures shall be initiated by the contractor prior to the performance of contract work by such unlisted class(es) of employees (See 29 CFR 4.6(b)(2)(ii)). The Wage and Hour Division shall make a final determination of conformed classification, wage rate, and/or fringe benefits which shall be paid to all employees performing in the classification from the first day of work on which contract work is performed by them in the classification. Failure to pay such unlisted employees the compensation agreed upon by the interested parties and/or fully determined by the Wage and Hour Division retroactive to the date such class of employees commenced contract work shall be a violation of the Act and this contract. (See 29 CFR 4.6(b)(2)(v)). When multiple wage determinations are included in a contract, a separate SF-1444 should be prepared for each wage determination to which a class(es) is to be conformed.

The process for preparing a conformance request is as follows:

1) When preparing the bid, the contractor identifies the need for a conformed occupation(s) and computes a proposed rate(s).

2) After contract award, the contractor prepares a written report listing in order the proposed classification title(s), a Federal grade equivalency (FGE) for each proposed classification(s), job description(s), and rationale for proposed wage rate(s), including information regarding the agreement or disagreement of the authorized representative of the employees involved, or where there is no authorized representative, the employees themselves. This report should be submitted to the contracting officer no later than 30 days after such unlisted class(es) of employees performs any contract work.

3) The contracting officer reviews the proposed action and promptly submits a report of the action, together with the agency's recommendations and pertinent information including the position of the contractor and the employees, to the U.S.

Department of Labor, Wage and Hour Division, for review (See 29 CFR 4.6(b)(2)(ii)).

4) Within 30 days of receipt, the Wage and Hour Division approves, modifies, or…