ATTACHMENT G - Site Assessment Report 2022.pdf

STARKE BYPASS MITIGATION AREA

SITE ASSESSMENT REPORT

BRADFORD COUNTY, FLORIDA

PREPARED FOR:

FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

PLANNING AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OFFICE

1109 SOUTH MARION AVENUE

LAKE CITY, FLORIDA 32025

APRIL 2022

TABLE OF CONTENTS

A. SITE LOCATION AND PROJECT HISTORY

B. SITE ASSESSMENT OVERVIEW

C. SITE ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY

D. PERMITTED PERFORMANCE STANDARDS

E. SUMMARY DATA

F. MAPS AND PLANS

G. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Appendices

Appendix A – Exhibits Appendix B – Adaptive Management Plan Appendix C – Permitted Habitat Map Provided by EC&D Appendix D – Transect Data Appendix E – Photo Essay

Starke Bypass Mitigation Area Site Assessment Report

Job No. 20074.10

A. Site Location and Project History

The Starke Bypass Mitigation Area (SBMA) is located southwest of the overpass of the Starke Bypass and SW County Road 100A, abutting Lake Rowell in Bradford County, Florida (Appendix A, Exhibit 1). The site is approximately 251.41 acres in size, and is comprised of forested and non-forested upland and wetland habitats. Historically, the non-forested portions of the site were utilized for agriculture consisting of improved pasture for cattle grazing. The site was ditched to assist in the rapid draining of the site. Forested areas are associated with the edges of Lake Rowell.

The Starke Bypass highway project was permitted by the Florida Department of Transportation, District 2 (FDOT), with construction beginning in August of 2016. In order to offset unavoidable wetland impacts incurred by the Bypass, the SBMA was issued a Suwannee River Water Management District (SRWMD) permit on 6 November 2015, and a US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Nationwide Permit on 3 December 2015. At the time of construction of the bypass, mitigation bank credits were not available for purchase in the area. Therefore, FDOT charged SRWMD with providing the necessary mitigation. SRWMD solicited bids to provide the mitigation, and the winning bid was for the development of the SBMA, with design and monitoring provided by Ecological Consulting & Design (EC&D). According to provided documents, mitigation activities commenced on 11 December 2015.

In order to offset wetland impacts associated with the construction of the Starke Bypass Highway, the SBMA required the restoration and enhancement of 251.41 acres± of on-site upland and wetland habitat. Mitigation was accomplished utilizing through the following activities.

• Wetland Enhancement (blocking ditches, removing nonnative grasses using herbicides, and planting with native wetland grasses and trees);

• Wetland Creation (scraping of soil surface to achieve required grades, planting of native grasses and trees);

• Wetland Re-Establishment (removing fill material, planting native grasses and trees);

• Protection of the property in perpetuity using a perpetual conservation easement; and

• Elimination of cattle and other agricultural uses from the site

Upon completion of mitigation activities, vegetative and hydrologic monitoring of the SBMA commenced. During monitoring iterations and subsequent site visits with SRWMD and USCACE staff, it was determined that SBMA habitats were not meeting permitted standards for success, with emphasis placed on the low number of desirable tree species per acre and elevated coverage of invasive/exotic species within created and enhanced wetlands. In wetland creation and enhancement areas where success was not being met, supplemental management activities including mowing, herbicide treatment of invasive/exotic species, and supplemental plantings were conducted. While completed supplemental activities realized short term success, it was determined a long term solution would be required.

In March of 2022, Environmental Resource Solutions was tasked with the creation of an Adaptive Management Plan (Appendix B) to provide a long-term solution to address performance standard deficiencies. As part of this Adaptive Management Plan, a comprehensive data collection was required to assess current site conditions. Representatives of Environmental Resource Solutions

(ERS) conducted the data collection on March 3, 4, 9, 16, 18, 22, and 25, 2022.This report provides the results of the completed site assessment.

B. Site Assessment Overview

During the SBMA permitting process, a total of four habitat types were identified. Habitats present were divided into 18 separate assessment areas. On-site uplands were classified as Upland Mixed Forest (UE). Wetland habitats consisted of creation/enhancement of Hydric Pine Flatwoods (WE1B, WC1, WC2, WC3, WR1, WR2, WE5, WE6, and WEH2); creation/enhancement of Mixed Forested Wetlands (WE1A, WE2, WE4, WEH1, and WEH3); and Cypress enhancement/preservation (WE2, WE3, and WP). Please see Appendix C provided by EC&D depicting permitting habitat polygons.

To clarify data collected during the site assessment, wetland and upland assessment areas were consolidated according to site conditions at the time of the assessment. A total of seven habitat types were identified during the assessment; Upland Mixed Forest, Regenerating Hydric Pine Flatwoods, Mature Hydric Pine Flatwoods, Regenerating Wetland Forested Mixed, Mature Wetland Forested Mixed, Regenerating Cypress, and Cypress. Habitat classifications were assigned based on present vegetative and hydrologic conditions. During the assessment, it was noted that the boundary of mapped “Mixed Forested Wetlands” exhibited vegetative and hydrologic conditions consistent with Hydric Pine Flatwoods wetlands. Therefore, the acreage of Hydric Pine Flatwoods and Wetland Forested Mixed wetlands differ from permitted acreage. As a component of the Adaptive Management Plan, it is recommended that a permit modification address the accurate mapping of site conditions. It is also recommended that the modification address habitat classification within upland and wetland communities. Please see Appendix A, Exhibit 2 for proposed habitat mapping and classification.

The site assessment focused on those areas identified as having the greatest habitat management concerns. Therefore, quantitative data was collected within maturing; re-vegetating communities, and limited qualitative observations were made within mature forested wetland systems.

C. Site Assessment Methodology

Data collected included species composition and coverage within all vegetative strata, tree numbers present, coverage of invasive/exotic species and nuisance species, soils composition, hydrologic indicators, and wildlife usage. Data was collected utilizing the following methodology:

Data collection efforts on pedestrian transects noted occurrence and general vegetative coverage conditions. Presence of invasive/exotic and nuisance species was noted, in addition to overall canopy, subcanopy, and groundcover strata coverage and composition. Established transects were approximately 20 feet wide and 250 feet in length. Please see Appendix A, Exhibit 3 for transect locations.

In addition to the qualitative observations collected on each pedestrian transects, data was collected as outlined in the “Regional Supplement to the Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual:

Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain Region (Version 2.0) (Supplement).” On each transect, three 30-foot radius plots will be established at the 50’, 150’, and 250’ distances. Plots were used to gather quantitative data including species composition and absolute coverage within all strata (tree stratum, sapling stratum, shrub stratum, herb stratum, and woody vines stratum), coverage of invasive/exotic and nuisance species, trees per acre (above and below shrub stratum), hydrologic indicators, and wildlife data.

Vegetative strata were classified using the following criteria

• Tree: Woody plants, excluding woody vines, approximately 20 feet or more in height and 3 inches or larger diameter at breast height (DBH)

• Sapling: Woody plants, excluding woody vines, approximately 20 feet or more in height and less than 3 inches DBH.

• Shrub: Woody plants, excluding woody vines, approximately 3-20 ft in height

• Herb: All herbaceous (non-woody) plants, including herbaceous vines, regardless of size, and woody plants, except woody vines, less than approximately 3 feet in height.

Sample locations were distributed to include all target communities, with emphasis placed on communities where more intensive mitigation has occurred (creation and enhancement areas). All percent coverages were collected through ocular assessment and estimated as outlined in the Supplement. Percent coverages were collected within each plot as well as averaged throughout all plots collected within each community type.

• Within each 30 foot radius plot.

o Absolute coverage of the canopy stratum will be sampled o Absolute coverage of the sapling stratum will be sampled o Absolute coverage of the shrub stratum will be sampled o Absolute coverage of the herb stratum will be sampled o Absolute coverage of the woody vine stratum will be sampled o Census the number of trees growing above the shrub stratum o Absolute coverage of invasive/exotic and nuisance vegetation will be determined.

o Signs of appropriate hydroperiods will be documented in wetlands areas (hydrologic indicators, soils assemblages) o 4 photos (in each of the 4 cardinal directions) will be captured in the center of the plot

Please see Appendix D for individual plot percent coverages.

D. Permitted Performance Standards

USACE Permit No. SAJ-2013-00113(SP-AWP) lists the following performance standards

Wetland Creation/Enhancement of Mixed Forested Wetlands

1. After 5 years, a minimum of 300 wetland (Obligate or Facultative Wetland) trees per acre growing above the shrub stratum; and greater than 85% relative cover native wetland groundcover and understory,

2. Standing water or a water table within four inches of the soil surface for a total greater than or equal to 14 days of the growing season; measurements will be taken via installed piezometer/datalogger and will be downloaded once per month,

3. Wetland creation/enhancement areas are functioning naturally; i.e. the areas are inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions,

4. Hydroperiods within assessment areas WEH1 and WEH3 will be indicative of a naturally functioning mixed forested wetland. Hydrographs will show clear evidence of inundation followed by a slow and steady recovery of the restored areas,

5. Exotic/nuisance vegetation less than 5% per acre,

6. Qualitative evidence of wildlife utilization; including sightings, tracks, scat, or other data, and

7. Conservation easement is recorded and the assessment area is recorded and the assessment area is protected in perpetuity.

Wetland Creation/Enhancement of Hydric Pine Flatwoods

1. After 5 years, a minimum of 100 hydric pine (Obligate or Facultative Wetland) trees per acre growing above the shrub stratum; and groundcover dominated (<85% relative cover) by native wetland and understory species, Exotic/nuisance vegetation less than 5 percent per acre,

2. Standing water or a water table within four inches of the soil surface for a total greater than or equal to 14 days of the growing season; measurements will be taken via installed piezometer/datalogger and will be downloaded once per month,

3. Wetland creation/enhancement areas are functioning naturally; i.e. the areas are inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions,

4. Hydroperiods within assessment area WEH2 will be indicative of a naturally functioning hydric pine flatwoods community. Hydrographs will show clear evidence of inundation followed by a slow and steady recovery of the restored areas,

5. Qualitative evidence of wildlife utilization; including sightings, tracks, scat, or other data, and

6. Conservation easement is recorded and the assessment area is recorded and the assessment area is protected in perpetuity

Cypress Preservation

1. Conservation easement is recorded and the assessment area is protected in perpetuity In accordance with USACE Permit No. SAJ-2013-00113(SP-AWP) the enhancement areas will be monitored twice yearly for the first 3 years, and annually thereafter for a total of no less than 5 years.

Monitoring events will document vegetative composition and coverage, hydrologic conditions, and wildlife utilization. Additionally, a photographic essay (Appendix E) is included for comparison with future monitoring iterations.

E. SUMMARY DATA

1. Vegetation

Upland Enhancement Upland Mixed Forest – 25.40 Acres±

The upland enhancement areas are located on the eastern portion of the SBMA. These wetland provide buffer support for adjacent wetland communities. Historically, these areas existed as improved pasture. Enhancement activities included the removal of pasture grasses and the installation of desirable upland species.

This habitat is regenerating and therefore lacks a canopy element. Immature canopy species observed included slash pine (Pinus elliotti), sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), and red maple (Acer rubrum). Observed red maple seedlings averaged 1-1.5’ in height, while slash pine and sweetgum trees were observed growing above the shrub stratum (above 3’ in height). Subcanopy coverage was sparse, with immature canopy tree species, wax myrtle (Morella cerifera), and groundsel tree (Baccharis halimifolia) providing an average coverage of 10%. Desirable ground cover species observed included broomsedge bluestem (Andropogon virginicus), oakleaf fleabane (Erigeron quercifolius), Carolina cranesbill (Geranium carolinianum), St. Andrew’s-cross (Hypericum hypercoides), sawtooth blackberry (Rubus pensilvanicus), heartwing dock (Rumex hastatulus), tapered witchgrass (Dichanthelium acuminatum), Seminole false foxglove (Agalinis fififolia), switchgrass ({Panicum virgatum), purple thistle (Circium horridulum), Carolina false vervain (Verbena carnea), creeping woodsorrel (Oxalis corniculata), pinebarren goldenrod (Solidago fistulosa). Coverage of desirable ground cover species averaged 56%.

A number of non-native species were observed within this community type. While these species are not listed as invasive/exotic species by the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council (FLEPC), nor are they listed as nuisance species in Rule 5B-57007 F.A.C., they cannot be considered desirable species.

These species include bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum), and common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale). Non-native species provided approximately 8% coverage within the ground cover strata.

Additionally, dogfennel (Eupatorium capillifolium) provided approximately 13% coverage within this community type. It is anticipated that as this habitat matures, coverage by these species will decrease, allowing the further recruitment of desirable native species.

Invasive/exotic species within this community type were limited to rattlebox (Sesbania punicea) and Japanese climbing fern (Lygodium japonicum). Total coverage of invasive/exotic species averaged less than 1%.

Table 1.1 details average coverages within this community type. Please see Appendix D for transect specific data. There are no success criteria associated with the habitat type within the issued USACE permit.

Table 1.1 Upland Enhancement Summary Data

Metric Community Average

Trees above shrub stratum (per acre) 83

Coverage of Desirable Species (all strata) 66%

Average invasive/exotic coverage <1%

Average nuisance coverage 13%

Regenerating Hydric Pine Flatwoods Creation/Enhancement – 117.17 acres±

Hydric pine flatwoods wetlands were historically utilized as pasture to support a cattle grazing operation. These wetland communities represent transitional systems adjacent to the deeper wetland forested mixed habitat. Mitigation activities included removal of fill material and grading to appropriate wetland grade, blocking of ditches, removal of undesirable species, and the installation of desirable wetland ground cover species and trees. This community is subject to ongoing treatment of invasive/exotic and nuisance species.

Canopy coverage within this maturing community was sparse, with slash pine providing less than 1% total canopy coverage. The subcanopy strata was dominated by slash pine, with minor inclusions of bald cypress (Taxodium distichum), pond cypress (T. ascendens), sweetgum, loblolly bay (Gordonia lasianthus), sweetbay (Magnolia virginiana), and pond pine (Pinus serotina). Subcanopy species provided approximately 13% coverage within this community type. Pine trees averaged approximately 145 trees per acre above the subcanopy strata. Shrub species wax myrtle, groundsel tree, danglepod (Sesbania herbacea), and gallberry (Ilex glabra) provided approximately 7% coverage.

Diverse groundcover species were observed within the groundcover strata, and coverages of these species were observed to be trending towards meeting permitted success criteria. Observed groundcover species included bunched beaksedge (Rhynchospora cephalantha), fasicled beaksedge (R. fascicularis), soft rush (Juncus effusus), shore rush (J. marginatus), tall yelloweyed grass (Xyris platylepis), florida yelloweyed grass (X. floridana), manyflower marshpennywort (Hydrocotyle umbellata), bushy bluestem (Andropogon glomeratus), purple false foxglove (Agalinis pupurea), early whitetop fleabane (Erigeron vernus), roadgrass (Eleocharis baldwinii), Canada spikerush (E. geniculata), Carolina cranesbill, hairawn muhly (Muhlenbergia capillaris), sawtooth blackberry, stiff marsh bedstraw (Galium tinctorium), turkey tangle (Phyla nodiflora), lemon bacopa (Bacopa caroliniana), herb-of-grace (Bacopa monnieri), roundpod St. John’s wort (Hypericum cistifolium), peelbark St. Johns’s wort (H. fasciculatum), coastalplain St. John’s wort (H.

brachyphyllum), sandpaper vervain (Verbena scabra), Florida dropseed (Sporoblous floridanus), foxtail club moss (Lycopodiella alopecuroides), pale meadowbeauty (Rhexia mariana), needleleaf witchgrass (Dichanthelium aciculare), stinking camphorweed (Pluchea foetida), blue maidencane (Amphicarpum muehlenbergianum), maidencane (Panicum hemitomon), bog white velvet (Viola lanceolata), combleaf mermaidweed (Proserpinaca pectinata), Piedmont primrosewillow (Ludwigia arcuata), clustered sedge (Carex glaucescens), longs sedge (C. longii), slender woodoats (Chasmanthium laxum), Carolina canarygrass (Phalaris caroliniana), Virginia chain fern (Woodwardia virginca), and southern shield fern (Thelypteris kunthii). Desirable ground cover species provided approximately 58% coverage during the site assessment data collection. A State of Florida threatened species, rainlily (Zephyranthes atamasca), was also observed within this habitat type.

Nonnative species bahiagrass, common dandelion, and English ivy (Hedera helix) provided approximately 19% coverage within this community type. As this wetland habitat matures, the coverage of these species is anticipated to decrease.

Dogfennel was observed to provide approximately 9% coverage within this species. Additionally, one small patch of cattail (Typha ) was observed.

Observed invasive/exotic species included rattlebox, Chinese tallow (Triadica sebifera), Peruvian primrosewillow (Ludwigia peruviana), Japanese climbing fern, and cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica).

Average coverage of these species was approximately 3%.

Hydrologic conditions within the wet pine flatwoods community were appropriate to support vegetation adapted to life in saturated soil conditions. Observations of hydrology included standing water up to 10” deep, saturation to surface, water stained leaves, secondary flow channels, and moss collars. Soils assemblages demonstrated proper signs of hydrology including 5 cm mucky mineral and stripped matrix.

Myriad wildlife species were observed during the site assessment including wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), sandhill crane (Grus canadensis), red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis), red shouldered hawk (Buteo lineatus), white tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana), raccoon (Procyon lotor), black vulture (Coragyps atratus), turkey vulture (Cathartes aura), American robin (Turdus migratorius), Florida box turtle (Terrapene carolina bauri), Northern mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos), Northern cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis), and tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor).

Table 1.2 details average coverages within this community type and associated performance standards. Please see Appendix D for transect specific data.

Table 1.2 Regenerating Hydric Pine Flatwoods Summary Data

Metric Community Average Success Criteria Status

Pine Trees Per Acre 145 100 per acre Exceeding Success

Coverage of Desirable Species (all strata)

71% 80% Trending Towards Success

Appropriate Hydrology

Yes Yes Meeting Success

Average Invasive/Exotic

Coverage

3% <1% Trending Towards Success

Average Nuisance Coverage

9% <5% Trending Towards Success

Appropriate Wildlife Utilization

Yes Yes Meeting Success

Regenerating Wetland Forested Mixed Creation/Enhancement – 61.47 acres±

The wetland forested mixed wetlands represent the deeper created/enhanced communities at SBMA. Historically utilized as cattle grazing pasture, mitigation activities included removal of fill material and grading to appropriate wetland grade, blocking of ditches, removal of undesirable species, and the installation of desirable wetland ground cover species and trees. Supplemental plantings have occurred within this community type to attempt to bolster installed and recruited tree species. Additionally, this habitat type is subjected to ongoing herbicide treatment to reduce the coverage of invasive/exotic species, namely rattlebox.

Similar to all regenerating communities at SBMA, this community type does not possess a canopy element. The subcanopy strata is dominated by immature canopy tree species and wax myrtle, providing approximately 11% cover. Bald cypress, pond cypress, and sweetgum trees were observed at approximately 46 trees per acre (above the shrub layer). Additionally, approximately 32 pines per acre were present above the shrub stratum. Recruited red maple seedlings were observed, averaging 415 seedlings per acre. Red maple seedlings ranged in height from 1-1.5’.

The groundcover strata exhibited excellent coverage and diversity of desirable ground cover species including bunched beaksedge, fasicled beaksedge, shortbristle horned beaksedge (Rhynchospora corniculata), narrowfruit horned beaksedge (R. inundata), soft rush, shore rush, tall yelloweyed grass, florida yelloweyed grass, wedgeleaf dock (Rumex cuneifolius), littlehead nutrush (Scleria oligantha), false hop sedge (Carex lupuliformis), Florida paspalum (Paspalum floridanum), anglestem primroserillow (Ludwigia leptocarpa), pickerelweed (Pontederia cordata), manyflower marshpennywort, smallfruit beggarticks (Bidens mitis), bushy bluestem, purple false foxglove, early whitetop fleabane, roadgrass, Canada spikerush, Carolina cranesbill, sawtooth blackberry, stiff marsh bedstraw, lemon bacopa, herb-of-grace, roundpod St. John’s wort, peelbark St. Johns’s wort, coastalplain St. John’s wort, needleleaf witchgrass, blue maidencane, maidencane, bog white velvet, combleaf mermaidweed, Piedmont primrosewillow, clustered sedge, longs sedge, Carolina canarygrass, Desirable ground cover species provided approximately 79% coverage during the site assessment data collection. A State of Florida threatened species, rainlily (Zephyranthes atamasca), was also observed within this habitat type.

These deeper wetlands do not possess a high degree of pasturegrass coverage. Similarly, coverage of nuisance species (namely dogfennel) is lower within the wetland forested mixed systems, averaging 5% coverage.

Coverage of invasive/exotic species within these wetlands averaged approximately 23%. The dominant invasive/exotic species was rattlebox, with inclusions exceeding 60% coverage. Coverage of rattlebox is greatest in the southeast area of this community type, but it is found throughout wetland forested mixed polygons. Additional observed invasive exotic species included Chinese tallow, Japanese climbing fern and Peruvian primrosewillow.

Hydrologic conditions within the wetland forested mixed community were appropriate to support vegetation adapted to life in saturated soil conditions. Observations of hydrology included standing water up to 18” deep, saturated soils, water stained leaves, high water marks, secondary flow channels, and moss collars. Soils assemblages demonstrated proper signs of hydrology including muck, 5 cm mucky mineral, stripped matrix, and dark surface.

Observed wildlife species included red-shouldered hawk, bald eagle, wild turkey, Florida box turtle, southern black racer (Coluber constrictor priapus), tree swallow, mottled duck (Anas fulvigula), wood duck (Aix sponsa), hooded merganser (Lophodytes cucullatus), great egret (Ardea alba), great blue heron (Ardea herodias), northern mockingbird, racoon, white-tailed deer, and American kestrel (Falco sparverius).

Table 1.3 details average coverages within this community type and associated performance standards. Please see Appendix D for transect specific data.

Table 1.3 Regenerating Wetland Forested Mixed Summary Data

Metric Community Average Success Criteria Status

Desirable Trees Per Acre Above Shrub Stratum (Cypress, Slash Pine, and other hardwoods)

78 300 per acre Not Meeting Success

Coverage of Desirable Species (All strata)

90% 80% Exceeding Success

Appropriate Hydrology

Yes Yes Meeting Success

Average Invasive/Exotic

Coverage

23% <1% Not Meeting Success

Average Nuisance Coverage

5% <5% Trending Towards Success

Appropriate Wildlife

Regenerating Cypress Creation/Enhancement -4.23

Several depressions are located within SBMA that present as regenerating cypress dome wetlands.

These areas were historically utilized as cattle ponds for the cattle grazing operation on-site prior to the implementation of the SBMA management plan. Supplemental plantings were conducted within these areas to bolster natural tree recruitment.

This community type lacks a mature canopy element. The interior of these relatively small wetlands consisted of open water habitat. Observed subcanopy species included immature canopy tree species, groundsel tree, and wax myrtle. Pond cypress above the shrub strata averaged 38 stems per acre. Slash pine trees were present at approximately 5 stems per acre. Coverage of shrub species averaged 8%.

Groundcover species provided approximately 82% coverage, with species observed including soft rush, maidencane, manyflower marshpennywort, roadgrass, lemon bacopa, herb-of-grace, bushy bluestem, Carolina false vervain, stiff marsh bedstraw, combleaf mermaidweed, warty sedge (Carex verrucosa), clustered sedge, lesser duckweed (Lemna aequinoctialis), and swamp smartweed (Persicaria hydropiperoides).

Observed nuisance species were limited to dogfennel, which provided approximately 4% coverage within this community type. A small inclusion of St. Augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum) was also observed, accounting for <1% aerial coverage.

Observed invasive/exotic species included Peruvian primrosewillow, and rattlebox. Coverage of invasive/exotic species totaled approximately 4%.

Hydrologic conditions within the cypress community were appropriate to support vegetation adapted to life in saturated soil conditions. Observations of hydrology included standing water up to 2’ deep, saturated soils, high water marks, secondary flow channels, and moss collars. Soils assemblages demonstrated proper signs of hydrology including muck, depleted below dark surface, stripped matrix, and dark surface.

Observed wildlife species included great egret, mottled duck, and great blue heron.

Table 1.4 details average coverages within this community type and associated performance standards. Please see Appendix D for transect specific data.

Table 1.4 Regenerating Cypress Summary Data

Metric Community Average Success Criteria Status

Desirable Trees Per Acre Above Shrub Stratum (Cypress)

38 300 per acre Not Meeting Success

Coverage of Desirable Species (All strata)

90 80% Exceeding Success

Appropriate Hydrology

Yes Yes Meeting Success

Average Invasive/Exotic

Coverage

1.3 <1% Trending Towards Success

Average Nuisance Coverage

4% <5% Meeting Success

Appropriate Wildlife

Forested Wetland Preservation/Hydrologic Enhancement 14.29 acres± Cypress, 9.95 acres± Hydric Pine Flatwoods, 18.03 acres± Wetland Forested Mixed

These community types were not the focus of the conducted assessment, but general habitat conditions are discussed below.

Mitigation activities within these mature communities included the recordation of a conservation easement and the blocking of on-site ditches. Canopy species include bald cypress, red maple, slash pine, loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), swamp tupelo, pond pine, sweetgum, laurel oak and water oak.

Canopy species provide a high degree of canopy closure, depressing shrub and groundcover species percent coverage. Provided monitoring reports do not note the presence of invasive exotic species, however, Suwannee River Water Management District staff have indicated that the coverage of Chinese tallow exceeds permitted standards.

Table 1.5 details average coverages within this community type and associated performance standards.

Table 1.5 Forested Wetland Preservation/Hydrologic Enhancement Data

Metric Community Average Success Criteria Status

Desirable Trees Per Acre Above Shrub Stratum (Cypress, Slash Pine, and other hardwoods)

300-500 300 per acre Exceeding Success

Coverage of Desirable Species (All strata)

>80% 80% Exceeding Success

Appropriate Hydrology

Yes Yes Meeting Success

Average Invasive/Exotic

Coverage

>1% <1% Not Meeting Success

Average Nuisance Coverage

<5% <5% Meeting Success

Appropriate Wildlife

F. MAPS AND PLANS

Exhibits depicting the location of the enhancement areas, transect locations, and photo stations are provided in the enclosed Appendix A.

G. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

In March 2022, representatives from ERS conducted a site assessment at the SBMA. During this assessment, comprehensive vegetative data was collected within upland and wetland communities.

Recruitment of desirable species was observed within all community types. Hydrologic indicators were present within wetland habitats, and soil conditions appear suitable for the success of wetland species. Wildlife utilization at SBMA areas is evidenced by the tracks observed, scat, and visual notation of myriad wildlife species.

Collected data indicated that the upland mixed forest, regenerating hydric pine flatwoods, and mature wetland forested mixed habitats were trending towards success. While the coverage of desirable wetland species does not currently meet permitted success criteria within hydric pine flatwoods, it is anticipated that as canopy trees mature, non-desirable species will be shaded out, allowing the proliferation of desirable herbaceous species. It is also recommended that herbicide treatment of invasive/exotic species within these communities continue.

Within the regenerating wetland forested mixed and regenerating cypress habitats, the number of trees per acre and the coverage of invasive/exotic species were not meeting permitted standards.

Without the implementation of an adaptive management plan, it is unlikely that mitigation success would be achieved. It is recommended that intensive invasive/exotic removal occur within this community type. Furthermore, the installation of desirable tree species is recommended to bolster tree numbers currently present. During the data collection it was noted that approximately 19.9 acres± of permitted wetland forested mixed habitat exhibited hydrologic conditions and vegetative assemblages consistent with a wet pine flatwoods community. Therefore, it is recommended that the issued permit be modified to reflect habitat boundary adjustments.

Within mature forested communities, all success criteria are being met, with the exception of invasive/exotic species coverage. Mature Chinese tallow trees should be treated with herbicide applied to cut stumps.

The modification of the issued permit and the implementation of an adaptive management plan will provide a long-term solution to overcome project deficiencies, and ensure that SBMA provides ecological functions and values intended.

(//06153.01_Monitoring_Fall21)

Appendix A

Exhibits

Esri, HERE, Garmin, (c) OpenStreetMap contributors, Copyright:© 2013 National Geographic Society, i-cubed

0 2,000'

Sourc e : 7.5' U SGS Sam ps on & Starke , FL T opographic Quad rangle s; Arc GIS O nline (U SA T opo M aps) X:\Projects\2020\20074.10\Graphics\mxd\StarkeBP_location_20220421.mxd

LEGEND

Approxim ate Proje c t Are a - 251.41 ac .±

Proje c t Are a

Starke Bypas s U SGS T opographic Quad rangle M ap

20074.09

4-21-22 By: NEE ®Brad ford County, Florid a

Proje c t No.:

Exhibit No.:

Date :

Re v. Date :

3550 St. Johns Bluff Rd S ● Jac ks onville , FL 32224

(904) 285-1397 ● www.e rs e nvironm e ntal.c om

Lat: 29° 55' 32.83" N (29.925786 d d ) Long: 82° 08' 58.36" W (-82.149544 d d )

Se c tion:

T ownship:

Range :

6 South 21 East

7 South 21 East

6 South 22 East

7 South 22 East

Source: Esri, Maxar, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AeroGRID, IGN, and the GIS User Community, Esri, HERE, Garmin, (c) OpenStreetMap contributors

LEGEND

Approxim a te Proje ct Are a - 251.41 a c.± Roa d Exclusion - 0.87 a c.±

Non-Fore ste d Enha nce m e nt Cypre ss - 4.23 a c.± Hydric Pine Fla twood - 117.17 a c.± Upla nd Mixe d Fore st - 25.40 a c.± We tla nd Fore ste d Mixe d - 61.47 a c.±

Pre se rva tion/Hydrolog ic Enh a nce m e nt Cypre ss - 14.29 a c.± Hydric Pine Fla twood - 9.95 a c.± We tla nd Fore ste d Mixe d - 18.03 a c.±

0 700'

Source : ArcGIS O nline Im a g e ry a nd World Tra nsporta tion X:\Projects\2020\20074.10\Graphics\mxd\StarkeBP_MitigationAssessment_20220422.mxd

20074.09

4-22-22 ®By: NEE

Proje ct No.:

Exhib it No.:

Da te :

Re v. Da te :

Sta rke Bypa ss Mitig a tion Asse ssm e nt Enh a nce m e nt Zone s

3550 St. Johns Bluff Rd S ● Ja cksonville , FL 32224

(904) 285-1397 ● www.e rse nvironm e nta l.com

37 36

29 28

25 24 23 22 21

19 18

13 12

Source: Esri, Maxar, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AeroGRID, IGN, and the GIS User Community, Esri, HERE, Garmin, (c) OpenStreetMap contributors

LEGEN D

Approxim a te Proje ct Are a - 251.41 a c.± 40' x 250' Tra nse cts Roa d Exclusion - 0.87 a c.±

N on-Fore ste d Enha nce m e nt Cypre ss - 4.23 a c.± Hydric Pine Fla twood - 117.17 a c.± Upla nd Mixe d Fore st - 25.40 a c.± W e tla nd Fore ste d Mixe d - 68.68 a c.±

Pre se rva tion/Hydrolog ic Enh a nce m e nt Cypre ss - 14.29 a c.± Hydric Pine Fla twood - 9.95 a c.± W e tla nd Fore ste d Mixe d - 18.03 a c.±

0 700'

Source : ArcGIS Online Im a g e ry a nd W orld Tra nsporta tion X:\Projects\2020\20074.10\Graphics\mxd\StarkeBP_MitigationAssessment_Sampling_20220422.mxd

20074.09

4-22-22 ®By: N EE

Proje ct N o.:

Exhib it N o.:

Da te :

Re v. Da te :

Sta rke Bypa ss Mitig a tion Asse ssm e nt Monitoring Ma p

3550 St. Johns Bluff Rd S ● Ja cksonville , FL 32224

(904) 285-1397 ● www.e rse nvironm e nta l.com

Appendix B

Adaptive Management Plan

This adaptive management plan addresses mitigation implementation at the Starke Bypass Mitigation Area.

Initial mitigation activities were conducted in late 2015. A site assessment was conducted in March 2022 to evaluate current site conditions and provide recommendations to ensure the SBMA meets permitted success criteria and provides appropriate functions and values to the watershed.

Site Work Plan

Completed mitigation activities included:

• Blocking of ditches that rapidly drain the site

• Removal of invasive/exotic & nuisance species

• Removal of fill material to create wetland habitat

• Planting native grasses and trees

• Perpetual preservation through conservation easements

Blocking of ditches that rapidly drain the site

A number of ditch blocks were installed within the network of ditches that facilitated the draining of the SBMA.

The blocking of these ditches resulted in a more natural hydroperiod within the SBMA wetlands.

Removal of invasive/exotic and nuisance species

The coverage of invasive exotic species at the SBMA has long been a management challenge. Supplemental herbicide applications have reduced coverage of invasive/exotic and nuiance species coverages. However, coverages of invasive exotic species, namely rattlebox (Sesbania punicea) and Chinese tallow (Triadica sebifera) currently exceed permitted standards.

Removal of fill material to create wetland habitat

Upland pasture was scraped to appropriate wetland grade to create hydric pine flatwoods and wetland forested mixed wetland habitat

Planting native grasses and trees

Within upland and wetland habitat the re-colonization by native plant species was augmented by the planting of additional native tree and grass species. Supplemental planting efforts have also been conducted. While planting efforts resulted in appropriate tree densities within the upland mixed forest and hydric pine flatwoods habitats, the wetland forested mixed and cypress wetlands do not currently meet permitted trees per acre success criteria.

Perpetual preservation through conservation easement

A conservation easement was recorded over the SBMA site. The conservation easement will ensure preservation of the site in perpetuity.

While implemented mitigation activities were successful in increasing the ecological functions provided by the SBMA, permitted success standards are not being met within several wetland polygons. Additional mitigation activities proposed are detailed below.

Intensive removal of invasive/exotic species within wetland forested mixed wetland communities

The removal of invasive/exotic species is paramount to the success of the SBMA. While ongoing herbicide treatments have reduced the presence of invasive/exotic species, coverages exceed permitted standards.

Invasive/exotic species will be aggressively targeted for eradication. Rattlebox and Chinese tallow have been noted to be the most problematic species at the SBMA. Rattlebox will be treated through a combination of mowing and herbicide application. Mowing has been documented by the University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences as an effective method for rattlebox removal. An initial mowing of the wetland forested mixed community will be conducted. Mower decks will be set to the highest setting possible to avoid the removal of regenerating tree species. Following the completion of the initial mowing, ongoing herbicide and mowing efforts will ensure coverage of rattlebox remains suppressed. Chinese tallow will be treated through the cutting of stumps and application of herbicide. While Japanese climbing fern (Lygodium japonicum), cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica), and Peruvian primrosewillow (Ludwigia peruviana) provide minimal coverage at the SBMA, they will be treated with herbicide where encountered.

Installation of desirable trees within the wetland forested mixed and cypress wetland communities

Tree numbers within the regenerating wetland forested mixed and cypress wetland communities are currently below permitted trees per acre success criteria. A supplemental planting of 3 gallon trees will occur within these communities. The installation of larger tree material will position trees above the shrub strata, decreasing the potential of tree mortality experienced by flooding or lack of available sunlight. Tree species will include bald cypress (Taxodium distichum), sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), and red maple (Acer rubrum). Currently, the wetland forested mixed and cypress communities exhibit 78 and 38 trees per acre, respectively. Trees will be installed at a density of 75 trees per acre to bolster existing tree numbers and provide assemblages and densities typically seen in a natural wetland forested mixed community

Modification of issued permit

During the site assessment it was noted that approximately 19.9 acres± of permitted wetland forested mixed habitat exhibited hydrologic conditions and vegetative assemblages consistent with a wet pine flatwoods community. The permit should be modified to reflect habitat boundary adjustments. Additionally, success criteria should be modified to reflect current mitigation site standards. For example, a range of trees per acre within mitigation polygons should be proposed. The current mitigation bank standard for forested wetlands is 60-450 trees per acre.

Proposed mitigation measures will protect and enhance site conditions, promoting establishment of a natural community structure and increasing vegetative diversity. Activity-specific mitigation plans are detailed below.

Community-Specific Mitigation Plans

U1: Mixed Upland Forest -

Completed mitigation activities within this community type included the removal of non-desirable species and the installation of native upland trees. This community type is trending towards success. The implementation of continued herbicide treatments will ensure invasive/exotic species do not become problematic within the U1 community. Observed recruitment of slash pine has supplemented installed species, and tree numbers are trending towards meeting success. If future monitoring events note stagnant or decreasing desirable tree numbers, a supplemental planting of 3 gallon trees will occur.

W1: Hydric Pine Flatwoods– 23.32 Acres

Completed mitigation activities within this community type included the blocking of ditches, removal of non-desirable species, wetland creation through fill material removal, and the installation of pine species. This community type is trending towards success. The implementation of continued herbicide treatments will ensure invasive/exotic species do not become problematic within the W1 community. Observed recruitment of slash pine has supplemented installed species, and tree numbers are exceeding permitted success criteria. If future monitoring events note stagnant or decreasing desirable tree numbers, a supplemental planting of three gallon trees will occur.

W2A: Regenerating Wetland Forested Mixed – 37.13 Acres

Completed mitigation activities within this community type included the blocking of ditches, removal of non-desirable species, wetland creation through fill material removal, and the installation of pine species.

Coverage of rattlebox and Chinese tallow will be reduced through the implementation of an intensive removal program. Both mowing and the application of herbicide will be used to reduce the coverages of invasive exotic species. The installation of desirable tree species will supplement tree species currently present. Three gallon trees will be installed at 75 trees per acre.

W2B: Mature Wetland Forested Mixed – 136.43 Acres

Completed mitigation activities within this community type included the blocking of ditches and removal of earthen berms. This community type is currently meeting or exceeding all permitted success criteria sans the coverage of invasive/exotic species. Chinese tallow will be removed through the application of herbicide on cut stumps. Conducted monitoring events will note coverages of invasive/exotic species and indicate if additional treatments are required.

W3A: Regenerating Cypress – 40.43 Acres

Completed mitigation activities within this community type included the blocking of ditches, removal of non-desirable species, wetland creation through fill material removal, and the installation of pine species.

Coverage of rattlebox and Chinese tallow will be reduced through the implementation of an intensive removal program. Both mowing and the application of herbicide will be used to reduce the coverages of invasive exotic species. The installation of desirable tree species will supplement tree species currently present. Three gallon trees will be installed at 75 trees per acre.

W3B: Mature Cypress – 80.33 Acres

Completed mitigation activities within this community type included the blocking of ditches and removal of earthen berms. This community type is currently meeting or exceeding all permitted success criteria sans the coverage of invasive/exotic species. Chinese tallow will be removed through the application of herbicide on cut stumps. Conducted monitoring events will note coverages of invasive/exotic species and indicate if additional treatments are required.

Appendix C

Permitted Habitat Map Provided by EC&D

KJ

KJ

PZ6

PZ9

PZ7

PZ5

PZ4

PZ3

PZ2

PZ1

PZ10

5 6

16 1517

22 O 0 800400

Feet 1 inch = 800 feet

FIGURE 9-1:

MONITORING LOCATIONS

STARKE BYPASS

MITIGATION AREA

2016 TRUE COLOR AERIAL

BRADFORD COUNTY, FLORIDA

Legend

ROAD EXCLUSION

+/- 0.87 ACRES

STARKE BYPASS MITIGATION

AREA +/- 251.41 ACRES

PROPOSED DITCH BLOCKS

^̀ PIEZOMETERS

MONITORING TRANSECTS

KJ LOW WATER CROSSING

WETLAND LINE

EXISTING DITCHES

BERMS TO BE REMOVED

NORTH BERM +/- 0.47 ACRES

SOUTH BERM +/- 1.70 ACRES

Mitigation Areas

UE

WC1

WC2

WC3

WC4

WE1A

WE1B

WE2

WE3

WE4

WE5

WEH-1

WEH-2

WEH-3

WP

WR1

WR2

ID DESCRIPTION TARGET COVER ACRES

WC1 WC1-Wetland Creation 1 Hydric Pine Flatwood 1.68 WC2 WC2-Wetland Creation 2 Hydric Pine Flatwood 10.26 WC3 WC3-Wetland Creation 3 Hydric Pine Flatwood 30.82 WC4 WC4-Wetland Creation 4 Wetland Mixed Forest 1.07 WE1A WE1A-Wetland Enhancement 1A Wetland Mixed Forest 78.05 WE1B WE1B-Wetland Enhancement 1B Hydric Pine Flatwood 54.50 WE2 WE2-Wetland Enhancement 2 Cypress 4.23 WE3 WE3-Wetland Enhancement 3 Cypress 0.81 WE4 WE4-Wetland Enhancement 4 Bay Swamp 2.26 WE5 WE5-Wetland Enhancement Hydric Pine Flatwood 6.38 WEH-1 WEH-1-Wetland Hydrologic Enhancement Wetland Mixed Forest 13.92 WEH-2 WEH-2-Wetland Hydrologic Enhancement Hydric Pine Flatwood 3.10 WEH-3 WEH-3-Wetland Hydrologic Enhancement Wetland Mixed Forest 2.41 WP WP-Wetland Preservation Cypress 13.48 WR1 WR1-Wetland Re-establishment Wetland Mixed Forest 1.70 WR2 WR2-Wetland Re-establishment Hydric Pine Flatwood 0.47 UE UE-Upland Enhancement Upland Mixed Forest 25.40

Road Exclusion 0.87

TOTAL 251.41

DATA SOURCES: COUNTY, WMD, USDA/NRCS, FFWCC, FWS/NWI, EMA, USGS/

NHD&NED, FDOT, FDOR FNAI, FDEP, US CENSUS (TIGER 2008), FGDL & EC&D.

NOTE: DATA PROVIDED 'AS IS.' ACREAGES ARE APPROXIMATE & GIS DERIVED.

PROJECTION: NAD 1983 HARN STATEPLANE FLORIDA WEST FIPS 0902 FEET

Appendix D

Transect Data

Upland Mixed Forest

T1 Average Desirable Trees per acre 67

Average Desirable Shrub % Coverage 8

Average Desirable Ground Cover % Coverage 81

Average Invasive/Exotic % Coverage 0

Average Nuisance % Coverage 3

T3 5

Average Desirable Trees per acre 175

Average Desirable Shrub % Coverage 2

Average Desirable Ground Cover % Coverage 58

Average Invasive/Exotic % Coverage 1

Average Nuisance % Coverage 13

T23 Average Desirable Trees per acre 82

Average Desirable Shrub % Coverage 7

Average Desirable Ground Cover % Coverage 35

Average Invasive/Exotic % Coverage 0

Average Nuisance % Coverage 20

T31 Average Desirable Trees per acre 190

Average Desirable Shrub % Coverage 16

Average Desirable Ground Cover % Coverage 49

Average Invasive/Exotic % Coverage 0

Average Nuisance % Coverage 17

Overall Averages

Average Desirable Trees per acre 83

Average Desirable Shrub % Coverage 10

Average Desirable Ground Cover % Coverage 56

Average Invasive/Exotic % Coverage <1

Average Nuisance % Coverage 13

Regenerating Wet Flatwoods

T2 Average Desirable Trees per acre 175

Average Desirable Shrub % Coverage 12

Average Desirable Ground Cover % Coverage 18

Average Invasive/Exotic % Coverage 0

Average Nuisance % Coverage 1

T11 Average Desirable Trees per acre 113

Average Desirable Shrub % Coverage 9

Average Desirable Ground Cover % Coverage 87

Average Invasive/Exotic % Coverage 0

Average Nuisance % Coverage 1

T12 Average Desirable Trees per acre 72

Average Desirable Shrub % Coverage 9

Average Desirable Ground Cover % Coverage 73

Average Invasive/Exotic % Coverage 9

Average Nuisance % Coverage <1

T13 Average Desirable Trees per acre 139

Average Desirable Shrub % Coverage 18

Average Desirable Ground Cover % Coverage 65

Average Invasive/Exotic % Coverage 1

Average Nuisance % Coverage 25

T14 Average Desirable Trees per acre 128

Average Desirable Shrub % Coverage 8

Average Desirable Ground Cover % Coverage 40

Average Invasive/Exotic % Coverage 1

Average Nuisance % Coverage 4

T15 Average Desirable Trees per acre 56

Average Desirable Shrub % Coverage 6

Average Desirable Ground Cover % Coverage 79

Average Invasive/Exotic % Coverage 0

Average Nuisance % Coverage 4

T16 Average Desirable Trees per acre 46

Average Desirable Shrub % Coverage 7

Average Desirable Ground Cover % Coverage 49

Average Invasive/Exotic % Coverage 0

Average Nuisance % Coverage 13

T17 Average Desirable Trees per acre 210

Average Desirable Shrub % Coverage 17

Average Desirable Ground Cover % Coverage 39

Average Invasive/Exotic % Coverage 1

Average Nuisance % Coverage <1

T18 Average Desirable Trees per acre 56

Average Desirable Shrub % Coverage 6

Average Desirable Ground Cover % Coverage 49

Average Invasive/Exotic % Coverage 2

Average Nuisance % Coverage 37

T19 Average Desirable Trees per acre 262

Average Desirable Shrub % Coverage 14

Average Desirable Ground Cover % Coverage 48

Average Invasive/Exotic % Coverage <1

Average Nuisance % Coverage <1

T20 Average Desirable Trees per acre 67

Average Desirable Shrub % Coverage 7

Average Desirable Ground Cover % Coverage 41

Average Invasive/Exotic % Coverage 6

Average Nuisance % Coverage 32

T22 Average Desirable Trees per acre 92

Average Desirable Shrub % Coverage 6

Average Desirable Ground Cover % Coverage 29

Average Invasive/Exotic % Coverage 7

Average Nuisance % Coverage 1

T24 Average Desirable Trees per acre 103

Average Desirable Shrub % Coverage 10

Average Desirable Ground Cover % Coverage 48

Average Invasive/Exotic % Coverage 3

Average Nuisance % Coverage 3

T25 Average Desirable Trees per acre 252

Average Desirable Shrub % Coverage 21

Average Desirable Ground Cover % Coverage 65

Average Invasive/Exotic % Coverage 9

Average Nuisance % Coverage 25

T27 Average Desirable Trees per acre 113

Average Desirable Shrub % Coverage 21

Average Desirable Ground…