Attachment Earthwork.pdf

DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS PROJECT NO.: 662-23-120

Replace Xeriscaping of Northeast Portion of Campus

FULLY SPRINKLERED EARTHWORK

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SECTION 31 20 00

EARTHWORK

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 DESCRIPTION OF WORK:

A. This section specifies the requirements for furnishing all equipment, materials, labor, tools, and techniques for earthwork including, but not limited to, the following:

1. Site preparation.

2. Excavation.

3. Filling and backfilling.

4. Grading.

5. Soil Disposal.

6. Clean Up.

1.2 DEFINITIONS:

A. Unsuitable Materials:

1. Fills: Topsoil; frozen materials; construction materials and materials subject to decomposition; clods of clay and stones larger than 75 mm (3 inches); organic material, including silts, which are unstable; and inorganic materials, including silts, too wet to be stable and any material with a liquid limit and plasticity index exceeding 40 and 15 respectively. Unsatisfactory soils also include satisfactory soils not maintained within 2 percent of optimum moisture content at time of compaction, as defined by ASTM D1557.

2. Existing Subgrade (Except Footing Subgrade): Same materials as

1.2.A.1, that are not capable of direct support of slabs, pavement, and similar items with possible exception of improvement by compaction, proofrolling, or similar methods.

3. Existing Subgrade (Footings Only): Same as paragraph 1, but no fill or backfill. If materials differ from design requirements, excavate to acceptable strata subject to Contracting Officer’s

Representative's approval.

B. Building Earthwork: Earthwork operations required in area enclosed by a line located 1500 mm (5 feet) outside of principal building perimeter.

It also includes earthwork required for auxiliary structures and buildings.

C. Trench Earthwork: Trenchwork required for utility lines.

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D. Site Earthwork: Earthwork operations required in area outside of a line located 1500 mm (5 feet) outside of principal building perimeter and within new construction area with exceptions noted above.

E. Degree of compaction: Degree of compaction is expressed as a percentage of maximum density obtained by laboratory test procedure. This percentage of maximum density is obtained through use of data provided from results of field test procedures presented in ASTM D1556, ASTM

D2167, and ASTM D6938.

F. Fill: Satisfactory soil materials used to raise existing grades. In the

Construction Documents, the term “fill” means fill or backfill as appropriate.

G. Backfill: Soil materials or controlled low strength material used to fill an excavation.

H. Unauthorized excavation: Removal of materials beyond indicated sub-grade elevations or indicated lines and dimensions without written authorization by the Contracting Officer’s Representative. No payment will be made for unauthorized excavation or remedial work required to correct unauthorized excavation.

I. Authorized additional excavation: Removal of additional material authorized by the Contracting Officer’s Representative based on the determination by the Contractor’s soils testing agency that unsuitable bearing materials are encountered at required sub-grade elevations.

Removal of unsuitable material and its replacement as directed will be paid by the Contractor.

J. Subgrade: The undisturbed earth or the compacted soil layer immediately below granular sub-base, drainage fill, or topsoil materials.

K. Structure: Buildings, foundations, slabs, tanks, curbs, mechanical and electrical appurtenances, or other man-made stationary features constructed above or below the ground surface.

L. Borrow: Satisfactory soil imported from off-site for use as fill or backfill.

M. Drainage course: Layer supporting slab-on-grade used to minimize capillary flow of pore water.

N. Bedding course: Layer placed over the excavated sub-grade in a trench before laying pipe. Bedding course shall extend up to the springline of the pipe.

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O. Sub-base Course: Layer placed between the sub-grade and base course for asphalt paving or layer placed between the sub-grade and a concrete pavement or walk.

P. Utilities include on-site underground pipes, conduits, ducts, and cables as well as underground services within buildings.

Q. Debris: Debris includes all materials located within the designated work area not covered in the other definitions and shall include but not be limited to items like vehicles, equipment, appliances, building materials or remains thereof, tires, any solid or liquid chemicals or products stored or found in containers or spilled on the ground.

R. Contaminated soils: Soil that contains contaminates as defined and determined by the Contracting Officer’s Representative or the

Government’s testing agency.

1.3 RELATED WORK:

A. All Sections listed in the Table of Contents are a Condition of this

Section.

1.4 CLASSIFICATION OF EXCAVATION:

A. Classified Excavation: Removal and disposal of all material except that material not defined as Rock.

1.5 SUBMITTALS:

A. Submit in accordance with Section 01 33 23, SHOP DRAWINGS, PRODUCT

DATA, AND SAMPLES.

B. Furnish to Contracting Officer’s Representative:

1. Contactor shall furnish resumes with all personnel involved in the project including Project Manager, Superintendent, and on-site

Engineer. Project Manager and Superintendent should have at least 3 years of experience on projects of similar size.

2. Soil samples.

a. Classification in accordance with ASTM D2487 for each on-site or borrow soil material proposed for fill, backfill, engineered fill, or structural fill.

b. Laboratory compaction curve in accordance with ASTM D1557 for each on site or borrow soil material proposed for fill, backfill, engineered fill, or structural fill.

c. Test reports for compliance with ASTM D2940 requirements for subbase material.

d. Pre-excavation photographs and videotape in the vicinity of the existing structures to document existing site features, including

31 20 00 - 4 surfaces finishes, cracks, or other structural blemishes that might be misconstrued as damage caused by earthwork operations.

e. The Contractor shall submit a scale plan daily that defines the location, limits, and depths of the area excavated.

f. Soils contamination test reports conducted by Contractor’s hired testing agency.

3. Contractor shall submit procedure and location for disposal of unused satisfactory material. Proposed source of borrow material.

Notification of encountering rock in the project. Advance notice on the opening of excavation or borrow areas. Advance notice on shoulder construction for rigid pavements.

1.6 APPLICABLE PUBLICATIONS:

A. Publications listed below form a part of this specification to extent referenced. Publications are referenced in text by basic designation only.

B. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials

(AASHTO):

T99-10..................Standard Method of Test for Moisture-Density

Relations of Soils Using a 2.5 kg (5.5 lb)

Rammer and a 305 mm (12 inch) Drop

T180-10.................Standard Method of Test for Moisture-Density

Relations of Soils using a 4.54 kg (10 lb)

Rammer and a 457 mm (18 inch) Drop

C. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM):

C33-03..................Concrete Aggregate

D448-08.................Standard Classification for Sizes of Aggregate for Road and Bridge Construction

D698-07e1...............Standard Test Method for Laboratory Compaction

Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effort

(12,400 ft. lbf/ft3 (600 kN m/m3))

D1140-00................Amount of Material in Soils Finer than the No.

200 (75-micrometer) Sieve

D1556-07................Standard Test Method for Density and Unit

Weight of Soil in Place by the Sand Cone Method

D1557-09................Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction

Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort

(56,000 ft-lbf/ft3 (2700 kN m/m3))

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D2167-08................Standard Test Method for Density and Unit

Weight of Soil in Place by the Rubber Balloon

Method

D2487-11................Standard Classification of Soils for

Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil

Classification System)

D2940-09................Standard Specifications for Graded Aggregate

Material for Bases or Subbases for Highways or

Airports

D6938-10................Standard Test Method for In-Place Density and

Water Content of Soil and Soil-Aggregate by

Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth

D. Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE):

J732-07.................Specification Definitions - Loaders

J1179-08................Hydraulic Excavator and Backhoe Digging Forces

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 MATERIALS:

A. General: Provide borrow soil material when sufficient satisfactory soil materials are not available from excavations.

B. Fills: Material in compliance with ASTM D2487 Soil Classification

Groups GW, GP, GM, SW, SP, SM, SC, and ML, or any combination of these groups; free of rock or gravel larger than 75 mm (3 inches) in any dimension, debris, waste, frozen materials, vegetation, and other deleterious matter. Material approved from on site or off site sources having a minimum dry density of 1760 kg/m3 (110 pcf), a maximum

Plasticity Index of 15, and a maximum Liquid Limit of 40.

C. Engineered Fill: Naturally or artificially graded mixture of compliance with ASTM D2487 Soil Classification Groups GW, GP, GM, SW, SP, SM, SC, and ML, or any combination of these groups, or as approved by the

Engineer or material with at least 90 percent passing a 37.5-mm (1 1/2-inch) sieve and not more than 12 percent passing a 75-µm (No. 200) sieve, per ASTM D2940.

D. Bedding: Naturally or artificially graded mixture of natural or crushed gravel, crushed stone, and natural or crushed sand; ASTM D2940; except with 100 percent passing a 25 mm (1 inch) sieve and not more than 8 percent passing a 75-μm (No. 200) sieve.

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E. Drainage Fill: Washed, narrowly graded mixture of crushed stone, or crushed or uncrushed gravel; ASTM D448; coarse-aggregate grading Size

57; with 100 percent passing a 37.5 mm (1 1/2-inch) sieve and 0 to 5 percent passing a 2.36 mm (No. 8) sieve.

F. Granular Fill:

1. Utilize only manufacturer approved infill as per turf product.

G. Buried Warning and Identification Tape: Polyethylene plastic with metallic core warning tape manufactured specifically for warning and identification of buried utility lines. Provide tape on rolls, 3 inch minimum width, color coded as specific below for the intended utility with warning and identification imprinted in bold black letters continuously over the entire tape length. Warning and identification to read, “CAUTION, BURIED (intended service) LINE BELOW” or similar wording. Color and printing shall be permanent, Unaffected by moisture or soil. Warning tape color codes:

Red: Electric

Yellow: Gas, Oil, Dangerous Materials

Orange: Telephone and Other Communications

Blue: Water Systems

Green: Sewer Systems

White: Steam Systems

Gray: Compressed Air

H. Warning Tape for Metallic Piping: Acid and alkali-resistant polyethylene plastic tape conforming to the width, color, and printing requirements specified above. Minimum thickness of tape shall be 0.076 mm (0.003 inch). Tape shall have a minimum strength of 10.3 MPa (1500 psi) lengthwise, and 8.6 MPa (1250 psi) crosswise, with a maximum 350 percent elongation.

I. Detectable Warning Tape for Non-Metallic Piping: Polyethylene plastic tape conforming to the width, color, and printing requirements specified above. Minimum thickness of the tape shall be 0.102 mm

(0.004 inch). Tape shall have a minimum strength of 10.3 MPa (1500 psi) lengthwise and 8.6 MPa (1250 psi) crosswise. Tape shall be manufactured with integral wires, foil backing, or other means of enabling detection by a metal detector when tape is buried up to 0.9 m

(3 feet) deep. Encase metallic element of the tape in a protective jacket or provide with other means of corrosion protection.

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J. Detection Wire For Non-Metallic Piping: Detection wire shall be

Insulated single strand, solid copper with a minimum of 12 AWG.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 SITE PREPARATION:

A. Clearing: Clear within limits of earthwork operations as shown. Work includes removal of trees, shrubs, fences, foundations, incidental structures, paving, debris, trash, and other obstructions. Remove materials from Medical Center.

B. Grubbing: Remove stumps and roots 75 mm (3 inch) and larger diameter.

Undisturbed sound stumps, roots up to 75 mm (3 inch) diameter, and nonperishable solid objects a minimum of 900 mm (3 feet) below subgrade or finished embankment may be left.

F. Disposal: All materials removed from the property shall be disposed of at a legally approved site, for the specific materials, and all removals shall be in accordance with all applicable Federal, State and local regulations. No burning of materials is permitted onsite.

3.4 GRADING:

A. General: Uniformly grade the areas within the limits of this section, including adjacent transition areas. Smooth the finished surface within specified tolerance. Provide uniform levels or slopes between points where elevations are indicated, or between such points and existing finished grades. Provide a smooth transition between abrupt changes in slope.

B. Finish subgrade in a condition acceptable to Contracting Officer’s

Representative at least one day in advance of paving operations.

Maintain finished subgrade in a smooth and compacted condition until succeeding operation has been accomplished. Scarify, compact, and grade subgrade prior to further construction when approved compacted subgrade is disturbed by Contractor's subsequent operations or adverse weather.

C. Grading for Paved Areas: Provide final grades for both subgrade and base course to +/- 6 mm (0.25 inches) of indicated grades.

3.5 DISPOSAL OF UNSUITABLE AND EXCESS EXCAVATED MATERIAL:

A. Disposal: Remove surplus satisfactory soil and waste material, including unsatisfactory soil, trash, and debris, and legally dispose of it off Medical Center property.

B. Place excess excavated materials suitable for fill and/or backfill on site where directed.

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C. Remove from site and dispose of any excess excavated materials after all fill and backfill operations have been completed.

D. Segregate all excavated contaminated soil from all other excavated soils, and stockpile on site on two 0.15 mm (6 mil) polyethylene sheets with a polyethylene cover. A designated area shall be selected for this purpose by the COR. Dispose of excavated contaminated material in accordance with State and Local requirements. All costs of disposal of excavated soils shall be borne by the Contractor.

3.6 CLEAN UP:

Upon completion of earthwork operations, clean areas within contract limits, remove tools, and equipment. Provide site clear, clean, free of debris, and suitable for subsequent construction operations. Remove all debris, rubbish, and excess material from Medical Center.

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