Attachment B Statement of Work.pdf

Statement of Work

Lepidoptera Survey

Statement of Work

The Forest Service has a need for a dedicated and proficient contractor for lepidoptera (butterfly and moth) surveys on the east zone Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest. This lepidoptera survey contract includes area surveys and nocturnal inventory surveys. The contract will be composed of four projects, totaling 999.86 acres of diurnal lepidopteran area surveys and six nocturnal lepidopteran inventory surveys. The four projects are as follows: 1. Barrens

Lepidoptera Surveys (516.56 acres, 4 survey locations), 2. Bog & Wetlands Lepidoptera Surveys

(317.47 acres, 7 survey locations), 3. Summer Forest Openings Surveys (165.83 acres, 6 survey locations), and 4. Nocturnal Lepidopteran Inventories (6 surveys, 6 survey locations). All four projects have focal species to survey for, but efforts shall be made to document all encountered species. The contract timeline will be from May 10 to September 15, 2023 (start and end date flexibility may be allowed – see “Contract Timeline & Performance Period”)

Focal species include RFSS (Regional Forester Sensitive Species) and non-RFSS (but rare and/or cryptic) lepidopterans. RFSS butterflies include the Monarch (Danaus plexippus), Henry’s Elfin

(Callophrys henrici), Chryxus Arctic (Oeneis chryxus), and the Northern Blue (Plebejus idas nabokovi).

Non-RFSS include: Bog Fritillary (Boloria eunomia), Freija Fritillary (Boloria freija), Frigga

Fritillary (Boloria frigga), Swamp Metalmark (Calephelis muticum), Hoary Elfin (Callophrys polios), Gorgone Checkspot (Chlosyne gorgone), Harris’ Checkerspot (Chlosyne harrisii), Pink-edged Sulphur (Colias interior), Red-disked Alpine (Erebia discoidalis), Columbine Duskywing

(Erynnis lucilius), Olympia Marble (Euchloe olympia), Baltimore Checkerspot (Euphydryas phaeton), Two-spotted Skipper (Euphyes bimacula), Black Dash (Euphyes conspicua), Harvester

(Feniseca tarquinius), Common Branded Skipper (Hespera comma), Cobweb Skipper (Hespera metea), Leonard’s Skipper (Hesperia leonardus), Indian Skipper (Hesperia sassacus), Appalachian Eyed Brown (Lethe appalachia), Dorcas Copper (Lycaena dorcas), Bog Copper

(Lycaena expixanthe), Purplish Copper (Lycaena helloides), Bronze Copper (Lycaena hyllus), Jutta Arctic (Oeneis jutta), Tawny Crescent (Phycoides batesii), Mulberry Wing (Poanes massasoit), Acadian Hairstreak (Satyrium acadica), and Edwards’ Hairstreak (Satyrium edwardsii).

While the contractor will inventory lepidopteran species and count individuals observed during surveys, emphasis should be placed on specific focal species, including Regional Forester

Sensitive Species (RFSS), and rare, cryptic, and/or declining lepidopterans native to northern

Wisconsin.

Project & Survey Locations

There are a total of 17 survey locations. Survey locations include a diverse array of habitats, including barrens, bogs, wetlands, forest openings, and frost pockets. All survey locations occur on either the Lakewood-Laona or Eagle River-Florence Ranger Districts of the

Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest. 15 of the 17 sites occur on the Lakewood-Laona Ranger

District while 2 of the 17 occur on the Eagle River-Florence Ranger District (Site #9 and #10).

Majority of sites are clustered east and northeast of the towns of Mountain and Lakewood, WI.

All sites are within northern Oconto County or Forest County. The southern-most site is within

Township 31 North, Range 17 East, while the northern-most sites are within Township 39 North, Range 15 East. Many project areas will include rough terrain, long-distance traversing by foot, and dirt or two-track road systems that may require higher clearance vehicles with 4-wheel drive capabilities. Please see attached maps and location descriptions for more details.

- Project 1. Barrens Lepidoptera Surveys o #1. Twin Pine Barrens (oak/pine barrens) o #2. Sleeping Bear (pine barrens) o #3. Thunder Mountain Barrens (oak/cherry/jack pine barrens) o #4. Chickadee Barrens (oak/cherry barrens)

- Project 2. Bogs & Wetlands Lepidoptera Surveys o #5. Waupee Lake (white cedar swamp and black spruce/tamarack poor fen) o #6. Atkins Lake (open bog with scattered black spruce/tamarack) o #7. Sullivan Springs (wetlands springs system) o #8. Bluegill Creek Impoundment Field (opening adjacent to wetlands) o #9. Grandma Lake (open bog and fen) o #10. Headwaters Wilderness – FR 2182 / FR 2414 Bog (black spruce/tamarack bog) o #11. Marshall Lake (black spruce/tamarack bog, sedge meadow)

- Project 3. Summer Forest Openings Surveys o #12. Catwillow Monarch Area (rich hardwood stand with embedded forest openings) o #13. Peek Field (forest opening and savanna) o #14. Jack Pine Camp Road Area (frost pocket openings forest road bordering riparian area) o #15. Knowles Creek Impoundment Field (upland opening adjacent to wetlands) o #16. Riverside Field (forest opening/savanna) o #17. Peek Field Northern Blue Flyways (forest opening corridor with frost pockets)

- Project 4. Nocturnal Lepidopteran Inventories o #3. Thunder Mountain Barrens (oak/cherry/jack pine barrens) o #12. Catwillow Monarch Area (rich hardwood stand with embedded forest openings) o #13. Peek Field (forest opening/savanna) o #14. Jack Pine Camp Road Area (frost pocket openings and forested roadside bordering riparian area) o #15. Knowles Creek Impoundment Field (upland opening adjacent to wetlands) o #16. Riverside Field (forest opening/savanna)

Contractor Services, Tasks, and Technical Requirements

Overview

Diurnal area surveys (Projects 1 - 3): Survey methodology for diurnal area surveys may include pollard-walk transects, intuitive-meander, or a combination of both. The final decision on the methodology of surveys will be left to the discretion and expertise of the contractor, as some work sites may favor one method over another. Specimens may be collected of cryptic species where species identification is difficult, but any collection of RFSS butterflies is prohibited. Collection of certain non-RFSS but rare species is also prohibited. These non-RFSS but rare butterflies include: Swamp metalmark, columbine duskywing, cobweb skipper, freija fritillary, and frigga fritillary. Identification by visual observation and photography is highly preferred. Diurnal surveys are preferred to be conducted during sunny or partly cloudy days with temperatures of at least 55 degrees Fahrenheit. Surveys should not be conducted during precipitation events (e.g., rain or snow), wind exceeding 20 mph, or when temperatures are below 55 degrees Fahrenheit.

Nocturnal inventory surveys (Project 4): Nocturnal survey methodology will be at the discretion and expertise of the contractor, but utilization of at least two methods (e.g. light attractant and bait attractant) is preferred. Nocturnal surveys should be conducted when weather and environmental conditions are suitable for sampling as much nocturnal lepidoptera as possible.

While surveys will have an emphasis on surveying for focal species that are considered RFSS, rare, cryptic, or declining, the contractor should aim for a full species inventory when possible while surveying. The contractor should record the number of individuals observed for each species at each survey location for the date they are surveying.

Surveys shall only be conducted within the designated survey location boundaries, although specifics of where to survey within the survey areas boundaries will be at the discretion and expertise of the contractor. However, the contractor should emphasize location of surveys that represent suitable habitat for each project’s focal species.

Project 1: Barrens Lepidoptera Surveys

Project Background: There is little information known about the presence/absence of early season flying butterflies at the four barrens units on the Lakewood-Laona District. The presence of the Chryxus Arctic, Henry’s Elfin, and the Cobweb Skipper have not been documented on the Lakewood-Laona District, however potential suitable habitat exists. A large focus of this project shall be to search for rare early season butterflies that utilize barrens habitats. Furthermore, Leonard’s skipper is another species of interest due to potential population declines. Leonard’s skipper is present at Twin Pine Barrens and

Chickadee Barrens (highly suspected present at nearby Thunder Mountain Barrens). More information on Leonard’s skippers populations is desirable.

Project Objectives: The contractor’s objectives will be to search and determine the presence or absence of all focal species, while simultaneously recording and counting observations of other lepidopterans during surveys.

Focal Species: Henry's Elfin*, Chryxus Arctic*, Monarch, Hoary Elfin*, Edwards'

Hairstreak, Tawny Crescent, Gorgone Checkerspot*, Cobweb Skipper*, Leonard’s Skipper, Common Branded Skipper, Indian Skipper, Olympia Marble*, Columbine Duskywing*, Pink-edged Sulphur*. Species designated with an asterisk * have not been documented on the

Lakewood-Laona or Eagle River-Florence Districts.

Survey Locations: #1. Twin Pine Barrens, #2. Sleeping Bear, #3. Thunder Mountain Barrens, #4. Chickadee Barrens.

Project 2: Bog & Wetlands Lepidoptera Surveys

Project Background: There has been little survey and inventory effort for lepidopterans on

Lakewood-Laona District and Eagle River-Florence District’s unique lowland habitats, such as bogs and wetlands. None of the species outlined below are RFSS, but many are obligates to sensitive habitats, and therefore could be vulnerable in the future.

Project Objectives: The contractor’s objectives will be to focus on surveying the rare and cryptic species outlined below, while recording other lepidopterans observed within the work sites.

Focal Species: Bog Fritillary, Freija Fritillary, Frigga Fritillary*, Red-disked Alpine, Jutta

Arctic, Bog Copper, Bronze Copper*, Dorcas Copper, Purplish Copper*, Two-spotted

Skipper*, Acadian Hairstreak*, Baltimore Checkerspot, Appalachian Eyed Brown, Mulberry

Wing, Black Dash, Swamp Metalmark*. Species designated with an asterisk * have not been documented on the Lakewood-Laona or Eagle River-Florence Districts.

Survey Locations: #5. Waupee Lake, #6. Atkins Lake, #7. Sullivan Springs, #8. Bluegill

Creek Impoundment, #9. Grandma Lake, #10. Headwaters Wilderness – FR 2182 / FR 2414

Bog, #11. Marshall Lake

Project 3: Summer Forest Openings Surveys

Project Background: Many of the Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest’s forest openings contain an abundance of summertime flowering plants (e.g. common milkweed, wild bergamot, black-eyed Susan, raspberries, blackberries) that attract multitudes of butterflies and pollinators. Uncommon to rare species have been recorded at a few of these locations, including the black swallowtail at Catwillow Monarch Area, and the dorcas copper and

Appalachian eyed brown at Jack Pine Camp Road.

Additionally, the subspecies of the Northern Blue butterfly, Nabokov’s Northern Blue, were historically and locally abundant in where their host plant, dwarf bilberry (Vaccinium cespitosum) occurred at Peek Field/Peek Flyways and Jack Pine Camp Road Area. However, the population of Nabokov’s Northern Blue declined over decades and the last reported individual on the Lakewood-Laona District was in 2011. Continued surveys for the northern blue, despite possible extirpation, is encouraged.

Project Objectives: The contractor’s objectives will be to continue the search effort for northern blues in the Peek Flyways and Jack Pine Camp Road Area, despite the species’ possible extirpation from northeast Wisconsin. Additional observations of other lepidopterans should be recorded and counted during surveys as well. Furthermore, comprehensive inventory surveys should be conducted at Catwillow Monarch Area, Peek

Field, Knowles Creek Impoundment, and Riverside Field for summertime flying butterflies.

Additionally, the Jack Pine Camp Road Area contains a pre-determined survey transect down

Jack Pine Camp Road.

Focal Species: Monarch, Northern Blue, Gorgone Checkerspot*, Harris's Checkerspot, Tawny Crescent, Columbine Duskywing*, Harvester, Appalachian Eyed Brown. Species designated with an asterisk * have not been documented on the Lakewood-Laona or Eagle

River-Florence Districts.

Survey Locations: #12 Catwillow Monarch Area, #13. Peek Field, #14. Jack Pine Camp

Road Area, #15 Knowles Creek Impoundment Field, #16. Riverside Field, #17. Peek

Northern Blue Flyways.

Project 4: Nocturnal Lepidoptera Inventories

Project Background: While some nocturnal surveys have been conducted at district campgrounds in the past, data on nocturnal lepidopteran populations on the district remains poor in various natural areas.

Project Objectives: The contractor shall conduct nocturnal inventories for lepidopterans such as moths with light and/or bait traps. At least one survey night will be conducted at each of the 6 survey locations listed below, for a total of 6 surveys.

Focal Species: Unknown, but giant silk and sphinx moths are of interest.

Survey Locations: #3. Thunder Mountain Barrens, #12. Catwillow Monarch Area, #13. Peek

Field, #14. Jack Pine Camp Road Area, #15. Knowles Creek Impoundment Field, #16.

Riverside Field.

Contract Timeline and Performance Period

The timeline for work to be completed will occur between May 10 and September 15, 2023.

However, flexibility will be allowed on start and end dates to account for variable seasonal weather (e.g. cold temperatures), flowering phenology, and flight periods of lepidopteran species. If modifications of the start and end dates are needed because of the previous mentioned variables, the contractor is expected to contact the Contracting Officer’s Representative (COR) to communicate and discuss appropriate timeline start and end dates. The COR will then contact the Contracting Officer (CO) to discuss the situation, and the CO will decide how to proceed.

Day-to-day hours worked within this timeline will be determined by the contractor as necessary to complete the survey work, but an emphasis will be placed on peak flight periods of lepidopteran species of interest.

Prework Conference

A prework conference between the contractor, Contracting Officer’s Representative (COR), and the FS Technical point-of-contact may be scheduled before contract work begins to discuss contract terms, work requirements, and scheduling, especially if start and end dates of the contract timeline or survey periods need to be adjusted.

Inspections and Acceptability of Work

The work completed during this contract will be subject to inspection from the COR or FS

Technical point-of-contact and could occur at any time after contract work begins. The contractor will be required to make corrective actions for any deficiency in quality of work or progress that diverge from this contract’s objectives. Acceptability will be defined as accomplishing all contract objectives and deliverables (deliverables outlined below).

Government Furnished Items

The Forest Service is not anticipating delivering any Government-furnished equipment to the contractor for this particular contract. The contractor is expected to provide themselves with necessary equipment, supplies, materials, management, supervision, personnel, labor, and transportation, unless otherwise specified, to complete prescribed survey work.

However, the government will furnish maps of survey project sites. Access to gated Forest roads can be granted upon request by the contractor to the COR.

All work shall be performed in accordance with this statement of work and all federal, state, and local laws and regulations.

Deliverables

The contractor has until December 31, 2023 to complete and report the following deliverables:

1. A spreadsheet or document highlighting survey results from each of the four projects.

Specifically, results should show lepidopteran species observed, especially focal species

(sensitive, rare, and cryptic species), number of individuals observed for each species, survey date, and survey location should be reported.

2. A spreadsheet or document highlighting presence/absence of all reported lepidopteran species per survey location.

3. A spreadsheet or document highlighting survey effort. Specifically, number of hours spent surveying for lepidopterans and survey dates should be reported for each survey, including start and stop times to determine individual observation numbers per unit of effort.

4. A GPS waypoint file, spreadsheet, or document including Latitude/Longitude data (in datum WGS84 and recorded in Decimal Degrees) noting locations of any observed focal species. Individual monarch butterflies may be reported to the generalized survey location.

5. A summary project report, detailing methods, results, and a discussion section at a minimum. Notes or comments on habitat, species management, and future monitoring considerations may be included.

6. If possible, documentation photos of priority, rare, cryptic, and incidental invertebrates.

Appendix A – Work Site Descriptions and Background Information

#1. Twin Pine Barrens

Site Description: Oak, cherry and pine barrens. Majority of this barrens unit has been greatly expanded over the past few years, primarily due to a massive storm blowdown event. Areas that appear to be forested on the 2019 aerial imagery maps are now open. Older barrens subunits contain a variety of fall-flowering species, including sky blue aster (Symphyotrichum oolentangiense), showy goldenrod (Solidago speciosa), gray goldenrod (Soldiago nemoralis) and rough blazing star (Liatris aspera). In springtime, Vacciniums are common in the understory.

Big bluestem and little bluestem are both present, often prolific.

Directions to Site: T31N, R17E, 27-28, 33-34. Directions: (For Twin Pines Area): From

Mountain: Head south on State Road 32 until the intersection of Highway 32/Highway 64 West.

Turn left onto Highway 64 West and travel approximately 2.5 miles to Twin Pines Road (FR

2107). Turn left onto Twin Pines Road and travel north to Jack Pine Road (FR 2301), where the survey polygons begin.

Site Accessibility: Twin Pines Road (FR 2107) is a large gravel road maintained by the local township and Forest Service.

#2. Sleeping Bear

Site Description: Pine barrens. Majority of this barrens unit has also been recently expanded over the last few years. Fall-flowering species such as sky blue aster, showy goldenrod, gray goldenrod, and rough blazing star, are present but in less abundance compared to Twin Pine

Barrens. Blackberries and raspberries (Rubus spp.), milkweeds, and dogbanes (Apocynum androsaemifolium) are often present along the pipeline.

Directions to Site: T31N, R17E, S12-13. From Mountain: Head south on Highway 32 from

Mountain for about 3 miles to Old 64 (FR 2308). Turn left onto Old 64 and travel east for about

6.6 miles until Airport Road. Turn left onto Airport Road and travel 1.5 miles north to West

Butler Rock Road (FR 2305). Turn right onto West Butler Rock Road, and travel east for about

0.45 miles until the intersection of West Butler Rock Road and FR 2309D.

Site Accessibility: Old 64 (FR 2308) and Airport Road (FR 2309) are paved roads. West Butler

Rock Road (FR 2305) and FR 2309D are 1 ½ lane gravel road but contains rocks on the right-of-way to prevent road erosion, therefore it is highly recommended to have a higher clearance vehicle with strong tires.

#3. Thunder Mountain Barrens

Site Description: Oak and cherry barrens. This barrens unit contains a higher water table, allowing for higher biodiversity floristically. Violets and Vacciniums are present during springtime, while milkweeds, wild bergamot, black-eyed susan, spreading dogbane, prairie thistle (Cirsium discolor), and swamp thistle (Cirsium muticum) are present flowering during summer. There’s a high abundance of late summer flowering species, including giant sunflower

(Helianthus giganetus), flat-topped aster (Doellingeria umbellata), sky blue aster, showy goldenrod, Canada goldenrod (Solidago canadensis), gray goldenrod, and rough blazing star.

Little bluestem is prolific here. This barrens unit is known for hosting high abundances of butterflies, especially monarchs and fritillaries during summer. Many butterflies use the gravel roads for puddling.

Directions to Site: T33N, R17E, S23. Directions: From Lakewood: Head northeast on County F for about 3.1 miles to Smyth Road (FR 2101). Turn right onto Smyth Road and continue down the road for 4.2 miles until Holt Ranch Road (FR 3877). Turn left onto Holt Ranch Road. Travel north until the intersection with Bucks Ranch Road (FR 2101). Turn right onto Bucks Ranch

Road. Continue east down Bucks Ranch Road for about 2.3 miles until you reach the Barrens unit.

Site Accessibility: Smyth Road is paved until Peek Road intersection, afterwards is a large gravel road. Holt Rach Road (FR 3877) and Bucks Ranch Road (FR 2101) are large gravel roads maintained by the local townships and Forest Service. Bucks Ranch Road may be periodically wet and muddy in places.

#4. Chickadee Barrens

Site Description: This barrens unit is similar to Thunder Mountain Barrens. Violets and

Vacciniums are present during springtime, though appear to be in much less amounts than at

Thunder Mountain. Milkweeds, wild bergamot, black-eyed susan, spreading dogbane, northern bush honeysuckle (Diervilla lonicera) are present flowering during summer. There’s a high abundance of late summer flowering species, including giant sunflower, flat-topped aster, sky blue aster, showy goldenrod, Canada goldenrod, gray goldenrod and rough blazing star as well.

Little bluestem is prolific here, especially in the southern subunit.

Directions to Site: T33N, R17E, Section 13 and 24. Directions: From Lakewood: head northeast on County F for about 3.1 miles to Smyth Road (FR 2101). Turn right onto Smyth Road, and continue down the road for 4.2 miles until Holt Ranch Road (FR 3877). Turn left onto Holt

Ranch Road. Travel north until the intersection with Bucks Ranch Road (FR 2101). Turn right onto Bucks Ranch Road. Continue east down Bucks Ranch Road for about 3.2 miles until you reach the Barrens unit. Additionally, from Thunder Mountain Barrens: Continue down Bucks

Ranch Road (FR 2101) for 0.4 miles until intersection with Chickadee Road.

Site Accessibility: All roads to access site are large gravel roads.

#5. Waupee Lake

Site Description: White cedar swamp with poor fen. This site is known to harbor rare plant species, including orchids. A white cedar swamp surrounds the outer parts of the area, while a black spruce/tamarack swamp with spots of open fens compose the inner area, close to the shoreline.

Directions to Site: T31N, R17E, S3. From Mountain: From Highway 32/County W, drive 4.0 miles northeast on County W to Riverview Road (FR 2107). Turn right onto Riverview Road.

Travel east on Riverview Road for about 1.5 miles to the intersection with Airport Road (FR

2309). Continue straight onto Airport Road, and travel about 0.7 miles to FR 2309J. It is recommended to park at this intersection of Airport Road and FR 2309J, and walk down FR

2309J for approximately 0.25 miles, then begin walking into the white cedar swamp.

Site Accessibility: Riverview Road (FR 2107) and west part of Airport Road (FR 2309) are gravel. FR 2309J is a one-lane two-track road.

#6. Atkins Lake

Site Description: Large black spruce/tamarack bog.

Directions to Site: T37N, R12E, S30-31. From Crandon: Head west on U.S. Highway 8 to

County S. Turn right (north) onto County S. Head north for approximately 5.2 miles to Wolf

River Road (FR 2186). Turn left onto Wolf River Road. Continue down Wolf River Road for about 5.8 miles to FR 2861. Turn left onto FR 2861. Travel down FR 2861 for approximately 1.5 miles.

Site Accessibility: Wolf River Road (FR 2186) is a maintained gravel road. FR 2861 is a one-lane two-track road. It is recommended to have a high clearance and 4x4 vehicle.

#7. Sullivan Springs

Site Description: Wetland springs system. A trail runs through the middle of the wetland springs and is known to contain uncommon to rare butterflies such as the Mulberry Wing and Baltimore

Checkerspot. Wetland edge forbs are prolific here, including giant goldenrod (Solidago gigantea), flat-topped aster, swamp thistle, giant sunflower, blue vervain, calico aster

(Symphyotrichum lateriflorum), great St. John’s wort.

Directions to Site: T33N, R16E, S35 and 36. From Lakewood: From the intersection of Highway

32 and County F, head east on County F for approximately 3.1 miles. Turn right onto Smyth

Road (FR 2101). Head down Smyth Road for 0.3 miles until Sullivan Springs Road (FR 2330).

Turn right onto Sullivan Springs Road and drive down for approximately 1.4 miles.

Site Accessibility: Smyth Road is paved. Sullivan Springs Road (FR 2330) is a gravel road.

#8. Bluegill Creek Impoundment

Site Description: Wildlife opening adjacent to an impoundment system. Many species within this opening are mesic to wet-mesic species, including swamp thistle, flat-topped aster, and Canada goldenrod.

Directions to Site: T33N, R15E, S2. From Townsend: From the intersection of Highway 32 and

Village View Drive, head down Village View Drive for 300 feet. Turn left onto Pickerel Lake

Road (FR 2341). Head down Pickerel Lake Road (FR 2341) for 2.2 miles until Spring Lake

Road (FR 3243).. Stay to the left onto Spring Lake Road (FR 3243). Stay on Spring Lake Road

(FR 3243) for 1.7 miles until Spring Lake Lane (FR 2531). Stay to the right onto Spring Lake

Lane (FR 2531). Head down Spring Lake Lane for about 0.5 miles until Bluegill Lane (FR

2531A). Turn left onto Bluegill Lane (FR 2531A) and head down the road for approximately 0.3 miles until the Forest Service gate marking the trail to Bluegill Creek Impoundment’s wildlife opening.

Site Accessibility: Pickerel Lake Road (FR 2341) and southern part of Spring Lake Road (FR

3243) is paved. Remaining part of Spring Lake Road and Spring Lake Lane is gravel.

#9. Grandma Lake

Site Description: Grandma Lake is a large open bog with fen components in the northern part of the area. Bog and fen species including orchids and vacciniums are present. Dorcas coppers and bog coppers have been observed at this location, but overall been poorly surveyed for lepidoptera over the years.

Directions to Site: T39N, R15E, S33 and 34. From Long Lake: Head south down Highway 139 until Tie Mill Road (FR 2402). Turn left onto Tie Mill Road (FR 2402) and head east for approximately 3.4 miles. Turn right onto FR 2158 and drive south for 0.5 miles to the parking area. The parking area GPS coordinates are: N45.81619, W-88.60685.

Site Accessibility: Tie Mill Road (FR 2402) is paved, and FR 2158 is a gravel road.

#10. Headwaters Wilderness – FR 2182 / FR 2414 Bog

Site Description: Black spruce and tamarack bog.

Directions to Site: T39N, R12E, S35 and 34. From the intersection of highway 32 and 45 ( in

Three Lakes), head east on highway 32 for 4.3 miles until Military Road. Turn left onto Military

Road, and head north for 1.6 miles until Sheltered Valley Road (FR 2182). Turn right onto

Sheltered Valley Road (FR 2182) and travel east for 5.7 miles. The bog entrance GPS coordinates are: N45.81795, W-88.96037.

Site Accessibility: FR 2182, FR 2414, and FR 2183 area all gravel roads. The bog is right off FR

2182.

#11. Marshall Lake

Site Description: Black spruce and tamarack bog, sedge meadow.

Directions to Site: T37N, R13E, S17. From Argonne highway 32/55 intersection, head north on highway 32 for approximately 0.2 miles until North Lane (FR 2389). Take a right onto North

Lane (FR 2389) and travel north for approximately 1.4 miles until the private land ends and public land begins. The road will turn into a two-track trail here, so it is recommended to park here (N45.68055, W-88.88284). After parking, one will have to hike through the woods until

Marshall Lake (approximately 0.70 miles). Alternative parking spots may be utilized but be aware the south of the southernmost point of the survey polygon is private land. Access must come from the east or north.

Site Accessibility: The southern half of North Lane (FR 2389) may be gravel, but the northern half is only a two-track level road that could have poor access. It may be recommended to park at the gate just past the line after the private land ends and public land begins (N45.68055, W-

88.88284).

#12. Catwillow Monarch Area

Site Description: Rich hardwood stands (maple/basswood/ash) with embedded wildlife openings/hunter-hiker trail system. Spring ephemerals are present, including downy yellow violet (Viola pubescens), spring beauty (Claytonia spp.), toothwarts (Cardamine concatenata, Cardamine diphylla), wood anemone (Anemone quinquefolia), dutchman’s breeches (Dicentra cucullaria), squirrelcorn (Dicentra canadensis), woodland blue phlox (Phlox divaricata), large-flowered bellwort (Uvularia grandiflora), Miterwort (Mitella diphylla), yellow trout lily

(Erythronium americanum). During summer, the embedded wildlife openings contain raspberries

(Rubus spp.), milkweeds, great St. John’s wort (Hypericum ascyron), and purple giant hyssop

(Agastache scrophularifolia).

Directions to Site: T36N, R16E, S17-18, 20. Directions: From Laona: Head south on State Road

32 for 3 miles until Highway T. Turn left onto Highway T and travel west until Highway H. Turn

Left onto Highway H and travel north for approximately 0.5 miles until Goodman Park Road

(FR 2136). Turn right onto Goodman Park Road and travel down the road for approximately 5.7 miles until Michigan Creek Road (FR 2134)/Goodman Park Road intersection. Turn left onto

Michigan Creek Road. Travel down Michigan Creek Road for about 3.7 miles until Peshtigo

River Road (FR 2131). Turn left onto Peshtigo River Road and travel west for approximately 2.2 miles until FR 2372. Turn right onto FR 2372 and travel down the road for about 1.2 miles to the gate/entrance of Catwillow Monarch Area.

Site Accessibility: Goodman Park Road (FR 2136) is a paved road maintained by the local township. Michigan Creek Road (FR 2134) and Peshtigo River Road (FR 2131) are gravel roads maintained by local townships and the Forest Service. Peshtigo River Road is periodically muddy in May and June. FR 2372 is a one-lane two-track gravel/dirt Forest road, and often muddy during wet May and June months. A high clearance and/or 4x4 vehicle may be required.

#13. Peek Field

Site Description: Peek Field is a remanent old homestead and agricultural site that has transitioned to a cherry shrub-savanna containing highly dominant native plant communities. In

June, there is a high abundance of blackberry flowers, following prolific abundances of milkweeds, wild bergamot, black-eyed susan, spreading dogbane, prairie thistle, white meadowsweet (Spirea alba), and early goldenrod (Solidago juncea) in summer. Late summer species include sky blue aster, Lindley’s heart-leaved aster (Symphyotrichum ciliolatum), Canada goldenrod, flat-topped aster, and gray goldenrod.

Directions to Site: T33N, R17E, S20. From Lakewood: head northeast on County F for about 3.1 miles to Smyth Road (FR 2101). Turn right onto Smyth Road, and continue down the road for

3.2 miles until the intersection with Peek Road (FR 2259). Turn left onto Peek Road and travel north for about 0.3 miles to Peek Field.

Site Accessibility: Smyth Road is paved until Peek Road. Peek Road is a large gravel road.

#14. Jack Pine Camp Road Area

Site Description: The Jack Pine Camp Road Area contains natural frost pockets surrounded by red pine forests. Northern blues have not been seen here since 2012. The frost pockets themselves contain a suite of flowering species including blackberries, giant sunflowers, wild bergamot, black-eyed susan, asters, and goldenrods. The road south of the parking area runs along a riparian zone where unique and rare butterflies have been discovered, including the

Dorcas copper and the Appalachian eyed brown.

Directions to Site: T33N, R17E, Sections 5 and 8. From Lakewood: Head north on County F from State Highway 32/County F intersection for approximately 9 miles. Turn right onto Jack

Pine Camp Road (FR 2237). Head down Jack Pine Camp Road for about 0.6 miles until the parking area.

Site Accessibility: Jack Pine Camp Road (FR 2237) is a gravel road. Past the parking area, the road turns into a narrow one-lane two-track road that frequently has potholes and low spots that may be flooded during wet periods. Therefore, the surveyor will need to park at the parking area

(N45.36207, W-88.40236), and will walk the two-track to survey for butterflies.

#15. Knowles Creek Impoundment Field

Site Description: Wildlife opening adjacent to impoundment system. While the outer parts of the opening are dominated by bracken fern, the inner part of the opening contains high densities of flowering forbs, including wild bergamot, spreading dogbane, Canada goldenrod, flat-topped aster, and Lindley’s heart-leaved aster. Indian paintbrush (Castilleja coccinea) and various short sunflowers species are also present in June and early July. Vacciniums are also present in the ground cover before the bracken fern unfurls in June. This site is periodically burned every few years.

Directions to Site: T34N, R16E, S22. From Wabeno: From the intersection of Highway 32 and

County C, head down County C for 9.1 miles until FR 3132. Turn right onto FR 3132 and head down the road for approximately 0.60 miles to the parking area.

Site Accessibility: FR 3132 is a gravel road.

#16. Riverside Field

Site Description: Forest opening with savanna components. The Riverside Field component is composed of an upper and lower tier. Both tiers have high abundance of summer and late summer flowering plants, including common milkweed, wild bergamot, goldenrods, and asters.

The site is periodically burned every few years.

Directions to Site: T33N, R17E, S18. From Lakewood, head down County F for 5 miles to

Riverside Road (FR 2236). Turn right onto Riverside Road. Travel down Riverside Road for approximately 1.9 miles. There will be a small two-track on the left that leads into Riverside

Field. Coordinates of Riverside Field entrance: N45.33648, W-88.42279.

Site Accessibility: Riverside Road (FR 2236) is a paved road.

#17. Peek Road Northern Blue Flyways

Site Description: This site contains the historic northern blue butterfly flyways, a species not seen since 2012 on the district. These flyways contain natural frost pockets that also connect patches of dwarf bilberry (Vaccinium cespitosum), the host plant of the northern blue. These flyways were masticated in 2019 to keep them open. Blackberries, asters, and goldenrods are often common throughout the flyways.

Directions to Site: T33N, R17E, S19-20. Directions are the exact same as "Peek Field" except travel north on Peek Road for about 0.5 miles, or just north of Peek Field, when the northern blue flyways begin.

Site Accessibility: Smyth Road is paved until Peek Road. Peek Road is a large gravel road.

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Legend Lepidoptera Survey Locations

1. Twin Pine Barrens

2. Sleeping Bear

3. Thunder Mountain Barrens

4. Chickadee Barrens

5. Waupee Lake

6. Atkins Lake

7. Sullivan Springs

8. Bluegill Creek Impoundment Field

12. Catwillow Monarch Area

13. Peek Field

14. Jack Pine Camp Road Area

15. Knowles Creek Impoundment Field

16. Riverside Field

17. Peek Northern Blue Flyway

Land Ownership Forest Service Lands

Non-Forest Service Lands

CNNF Ranger District Boundaries

N. Gremban - 2023-03-15

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Legend Lepidoptera Survey Locations

6. Atkins Lake

9. Grandma Lake

10. Headwaters Wilderness - FR 2182/2414 Bog

11. Marshall Lake

Land Ownership Forest Service Lands

Non-Forest Service Lands

CNNF Ranger District Boundaries

N. Gremban - 2023-03-15

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Legend Lepidoptera Survey Locations

Twin Pine Barrens

Land Ownership Forest Service Lands

Non-Forest Service Lands

CNNF Ranger District Boundaries

N. Gremban - 2023-03-15

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Legend Lepidoptera Survey Locations

Twin Pine Barrens

Land Ownership Forest Service Lands

Non-Forest Service Lands

CNNF Ranger District Boundaries

N. Gremban - 2023-03-15

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Legend Lepidoptera Survey Locations

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Land Ownership Forest Service Lands

Non-Forest Service Lands

N. Gremban - 2023-03-12

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USDA - GEO; USDA - USFS – GTAC

0 0.25 0.50.125 Miles 1:5,500

Legend Lepidoptera Survey Locations

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Land Ownership Forest Service Lands

N. Gremban - 2023-03-12

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Legend Lepidoptera Survey Locations

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Land Ownership Forest Service Lands

N. Gremban - 2023-03-12

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0 0.25 0.50.125 Miles 1:6,500

Legend Lepidoptera Survey Locations

5. Waupee Lake

Land Ownership Forest Service Lands

Non-Forest Service Lands

N. Gremban - 2023-03-12

Atkins Lake

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USDA - GEO; USDA - USFS – GTAC

0 0.25 0.5 0.75 10.125 Miles 1:10,000

Legend Lepidoptera Survey Locations

Atkins Lake

Land Ownership Forest Service Lands

Non-Forest Service Lands

N. Gremban - 2023-03-12

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USDA - GEO; USDA - USFS – GTAC

0 0.25 0.50.125 Miles 1:5,000

Legend Lepidoptera Survey Locations

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Land Ownership Forest Service Lands

N. Gremban - 2023-03-12

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0 0.1 0.20.05 Miles 1:2,000

Legend Lepidoptera Survey Locations

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Land Ownership Forest Service Lands

N. Gremban - 2023-03-12

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USDA - GEO; USDA - USFS – GTAC

0 0.25 0.5 0.750.125 Miles 1:8,000

Legend Lepidoptera Survey Locations

Grandma Lake

Land Ownership Forest Service Lands

Non-Forest Service Lands

N. Gremban - 2023-03-12

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Legend Lepidoptera Survey Locations

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Land Ownership Forest Service Lands

N. Gremban - 2023-03-12

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Legend Lepidoptera Survey Locations

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Land Ownership Forest Service Lands

Non-Forest Service Lands

N. Gremban - 2023-03-12

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Legend Lepidoptera Survey Locations

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Land Ownership Forest Service Lands

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N. Gremban - 2023-03-12

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Legend Lepidoptera Survey Locations

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Land Ownership Forest Service Lands

Non-Forest Service Lands

CNNF Ranger District Boundaries

N. Gremban - 2023-03-12

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USDA - GEO; USDA - USFS – GTAC

0 0.5 10.25 Miles 1:10,000

Legend Lepidoptera Survey Locations

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Land Ownership Forest Service Lands

Non-Forest Service Lands

CNNF Ranger District Boundaries

N. Gremban - 2023-03-12

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Land Ownership Forest Service Lands

Non-Forest Service Lands

CNNF Ranger District Boundaries

N. Gremban - 2023-03-12

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Trail Surveys

Lepidoptera Survey Locations Jack Pine Camp Road Area

Land Ownership Forest Service Lands

Non-Forest Service Lands

CNNF Ranger District Boundaries

N. Gremban - 2023-03-12

2237 - JACK PINE CAMP ROAD

USDA - GEO; USDA - USFS – GTAC

0 0.1 0.2 0.30.05 Miles 1:3,000

Legend Lepidoptera Surveys Road & Trail Surveys

Trail Surveys

Lepidoptera Survey Locations Jack Pine Camp Road Area

Land Ownership Forest Service Lands

Non-Forest Service Lands

CNNF Ranger District Boundaries

N. Gremban - 2023-03-12

USDA - GEO; USDA - USFS – GTAC

0 0.1 0.2 0.30.05 Miles 1:3,000

Legend Lepidoptera Survey Locations

Knowles Creek Impoundment Field

Land Ownership Forest Service Lands

CNNF Ranger District Boundaries

N. Gremban - 2023-03-12

2236 - EAST RIVERSIDE ROAD

USDA - GEO; USDA - USFS – GTAC

0 0.1 0.2 0.30.05 Miles 1:2,500

Legend Lepidoptera Survey Locations

Riverside Field

Land Ownership Forest Service Lands

Non-Forest Service Lands

CNNF Ranger District Boundaries

N. Gremban - 2023-03-12

2259 - PEEK ROAD

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2259F

USDA - GEO; USDA - USFS – GTAC

0 0.2 0.40.1 Miles 1:3,500

Legend Lepidoptera Survey Locations

Peek Field

Peek Northern Blue Flyway

Land Ownership Forest Service Lands

CNNF Ranger District Boundaries

N. Gremban - 2023-03-15