Attachment B_FSSS to FP14 Wolf Island Dock.pdf

Table of Contents Preface

101 - Terms¸ Format¸ and Definitions

101.01 Meaning of Terms

101.03 Abbrevia�ons

101.04 Defini�ons

102 - Bid¸ Award¸ and Execution of Contract

Delete Sec�on 102

103 - Scope of Work

Delete Subsec�ons 103.02, 103.03, 103.04, 103.05

104 - Control of Work

Delete Subsec�ons 104.01, 104.02, 104.04

104.06 Use of Roads by Contractor

106 - Acceptance of Work

106.01 Conformity with Contract Requirements

106.02 Visual Inspec�on

107 - Legal Relations and Responsibility to the Public

Delete Subsec�on 107.05

108 - Prosecution and Progress

Delete Sec�on 108

109 - Measurement and Payment

Delete Subsec�ons 109.06, 109.07, 109.08, 109.09

109.02 Measurement Terms and Defini�ons

152 - Construction Survey and Staking

152.04 General

152.05 Survey and Staking Requirements

Table 152-1 Construc�on Survey and Staking Tolerances

155 - Schedules for Construction Contracts

Delete Sec�on 155

157 - Soil Erosion and Sediment Control

157.04 General

201 - Clearing and Grubbing

201.04(d) Clearing

201.04 Clearing

203 - Removal of Structures and Obstructions

203.04 (b) General

203.05 Disposing of Material

204 - Excavation and Embankment

Sec�on 204. — EXCAVATION AND EMBANKMENT

Preface Preface_wo_04_04_2024

Delete all but the first paragraph and add the following:

The Forest Service, US Department of Agriculture has adopted FP-14 for construction of National Forest System Roads.

101 - Terms¸ Format¸ and Definitions 101.01_National_11_9_2016

Add the following paragraph to Subsection 101.01:

101.01 Meaning of Terms.

Delete all references to the TAR (Transporta�on Acquisi�on Regula�ons) in the specifica�ons.

101.03_National_11_9_2016

Add the following to Subsection 101.03:

101.03 Abbrevia�ons.

(a) Acronyms.

AGAR — Agriculture Acquisi�on Regula�ons

AFPA — American Forest and Paper Associa�on

FSAR — Forest Service Acquisi�on Regula�ons

MSHA — Mine Safety and Health Administra�on

NESC — Na�onal Electrical Safety Code

WCLIB — West Coast Lumber Inspec�on Bureau

(f) Miscellaneous unit abbrevia�ons.

MP — milepost loca�on ppm — parts per million volume

STA sta�on loca�on

101.04_National_11_9_2016

Make the following changes to Subsection 101.04:

101.04 Defini�ons.

Delete these definitions and replace the following:

Bid Schedule — The Schedule of Items.

Bridge — A structure, including supports, erected over a depression or an obstruc�on such as water along a road, a trail, or a railway and having a deck for carrying traffic or other loads.

Contractor — The individual or legal en�ty contrac�ng with the Government for performance of prescribed work. In a �mber sale contract, the contractor is the “Purchaser”.

Culvert — Any structure with a botom, regardless of fill depth, depth of invert burial, or presence of horizontal driving surface, or any botomless (natural channel) structure with foo�ngs that will not have wheel loads in direct contact with the top of the structure.

Drawings — (Public Works Contracts) Design sheets or fabrica�on, erec�on, or construc�on details submited to the CO by the Contractor according to FAR Clause 52.236-21 Specifica�ons and Drawings for Construc�on. Also refers to submissions and submitals.

No�ce to Proceed — (Public Works Contracts) Writen no�ce to the Contractor to begin the contract work.

Right-of-Way — A general term deno�ng (1) the privilege to pass over land in some par�cular line (including easement, lease, permit, or license to occupy, use, or traverse public or private lands), or (2) Real property necessary for the project, including roadway, buffer areas, access, and drainage areas.

Solicita�on—(Public Works Contracts) The complete assembly of documents (whether atached or incorporated by reference) furnished to prospec�ve bidders.

Add the following definitions:

Adjustment in Contract Price — “Equitable adjustment,” as used in the Federal Acquisi�on Regula�ons, or “construc�on cost adjustment,” as used in the Timber Sale Contract, as applicable.

Change — “Change” means “change order” as used in the Federal Acquisi�on Regula�ons, or “design change” as used in the Timber Sale Contract.

Forest Service — The United States of America, ac�ng through the Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Neat Line — A line defining the proposed or specified limits of an excava�on or structure.

Pioneer Road — Temporary construc�on access built along the route of the project.

Purchaser — The individual, partnership, joint venture, or corpora�on contrac�ng with the Government under the terms of a Timber Sale Contract and ac�ng independently or through agents, employees, or subcontractors.

Protected Streamcourse — A drainage shown on the plans or �mber sale area map that requires designated mi�ga�on measures.

Road Order — An order affec�ng and controlling traffic on roads under Forest Service jurisdic�on. Road Orders are issued by a designated Forest Officer under the authori�es of 36 CFR, part 260.

Shop Drawings — (Timber and Stewardship Contracts) Referred to as “Drawings” in FP-14, include drawings, diagrams, layouts, schema�cs, descrip�ve literature, illustra�ons, lists or tables, performance and test data, and similar materials furnished by Purchaser to explain in detail specific por�ons of the work required by the contract.

U�liza�on Standards — The minimum size and percent soundness of trees described in the specifica�ons to determine merchantable �mber.

Add Figure 101-1—Illustration of road structure terms:

Figure 101-1—Illustra�on of road structure terms.

102 - Bid¸ Award¸ and Execution of Contract 102.00_National_11_9_2016

Delete Section 102 in its entirety.

Delete Sec�on 102.

103 - Scope of Work 103.00_National_11_9_2016

Delete all of Section 103 except Subsection 103.01 Intent of Contract.

Delete Subsec�ons 103.02, 103.03, 103.04, 103.05.

104 - Control of Work 104.00_National_11_9_2016

Delete Subsections 104.01, 104.02, and 104.04.

Delete Subsec�ons 104.01, 104.02, 104.04.

104.06_National_11_9_2016

Add the following to Subsection 104.06:

104.06 Use of Roads by Contractor.

The Contractor is authorized to use roads under the jurisdic�on of the Forest Service for all ac�vi�es necessary to complete this contract, subject to the limita�ons and authoriza�ons designated in the Road Order(s) or described in the contract, when such use will not damage the roads or na�onal forest resources, and when traffic can be accommodated safely.

106 - Acceptance of Work 106.01_National_7_18_2017

Delete Subsection 106.01 and replace with the following:

106.01 Conformity with Contract Requirements.

Follow the requirements of FAR Clause 52.246-12 Inspec�on of Construc�on.

References to standard test methods of AASHTO, ASTM, GSA, and other recognized standard authori�es refer to the methods in effect on the date of solicita�on for bids.

Perform all work to the lines, grades, cross-sec�ons, dimensions, and processes or material requirements shown on the plans or specified in the contract.

Incorporate manufactured materials into the work according to the manufacturer’s recommenda�ons or to these specifica�ons, whichever is more strict.

Plan dimensions and contract specifica�on values are the values to be strived for and complied with as the design values from which any devia�ons are allowed. Perform work and provide material that is uniform in character and reasonably close to the prescribed value or within the specified tolerance range. The purpose of a tolerance range is to accommodate occasional minor varia�ons from the median zone that are unavoidable for prac�cal reasons.

When standard manufactured items are specified (such as fence, wire, plates, rolled shapes, pipe conduits, etc., that are iden�fied by gauge, unit mass, sec�on dimensions, etc.), the iden�fica�on will be considered to be nominal masses or dimensions. Unless specific contract tolerances are noted, established manufacturing tolerances will be accepted.

The Government may inspect, sample, or test all work at any �me before final acceptance of the project. When the Government tests work, copies of test reports are furnished to the Contractor upon request. Government tests may or may not be performed at the work site. If Contractor tes�ng and inspec�on is verified by the Government, the Contractor’s results may be used by the Government to evaluate work for acceptance. Do not rely on the availability of Government test results for process control.

Acceptable work conforming to the contract will be paid for at the contract unit bid price. Four methods of determining conformity and accep�ng work are described in Subsec�ons 106.02 to 106.05 inclusive. The primary method of acceptance is specified in each Sec�on of work. However, work may be rejected at any �me it is found by any of the methods not to comply with the contract.

Remove, repair, or replace work that does not conform to the contract, or to prevailing industry standards where no specific contract requirements are noted. Removing, repairing, or replacing work; providing temporary traffic control; and any other related work to accomplish conformity will be at no cost to the Government.

(a) Dispu�ng Government test results. If the accuracy of Government test results is disputed, promptly inform the CO. If the dispute is unresolved a�er reasonable steps are taken to resolve the dispute, further evalua�on may be obtained by writen request. Include a narra�ve describing the dispute and a proposed resolu�on protocol that addresses the following:

1. Sampling method;

2. Number of samples;

3. Sample transport;

4. Test procedures;

5. Testing laboratories;

6. Reporting;

7. Estimated time and costs; and

8. Validation process.

If the evalua�on requires addi�onal sampling or tes�ng be performed, mutually agree with the Government on witnessing procedures and on sampling and tes�ng by a third party laboratory. Use a third party laboratory accredited by the AASHTO accredita�on program. Provide proof of the laboratory’s accredita�on for the test procedures to be used. Do not use the same laboratory that produced the disputed Government test results or that produced the test results used as a basis for the dispute.

The CO will review the proposed resolu�on protocol and may modify it before final approval and execu�on.

The Government will use the approved resolu�on protocol test results to determine the validity of the disputed tes�ng. If the Government test results are validated, the Contractor will be responsible for all costs associated with developing and performing the resolu�on protocol. If the Government test results are not validated, the Government will be responsible for all costs associated with developing and performing the resolu�on protocol.

If the validity of the Government test results cannot be determined, the Contractor and Government will equally share all costs associated with developing and carrying out the resolu�on protocol.

(b) Alterna�ves to removing and replacing non-conforming work. As an alterna�ve to removal and replacement, the Contractor may submit a writen request to:

1. Have the work accepted at a reduced price; or

2. Be given permission to perform corrective measures to bring the work into conformity.

The request must contain suppor�ng ra�onale and documenta�on. Include references or data jus�fying the proposal based on an evalua�on of test results, effect on service life, value of material or work, quality, aesthe�cs, and other tangible engineering basis. The CO will determine disposi�on of the nonconforming work.

106.02_National_11_9_2016

Delete Subsection 106.02 and replace with the following:

106.02 Visual Inspec�on.

Acceptance is based on visual inspec�on of the work for compliance with the specific contract requirements. Use prevailing industry standards in the absence of specific contract requirements or tolerances.

107 - Legal Relations and Responsibility to the Public 107.05_National_7_18_2017

Delete Subsection 107.05.

Delete Subsec�on 107.05.

108 - Prosecution and Progress 108.00_National_11_9_2016

Delete Section 108 in its entirety.

Delete Sec�on 108.

109 - Measurement and Payment 109.00_National_11_9_2016

Delete Subsections 109.06, 109.07, 109.08, and 109.09:

Delete Subsec�ons 109.06, 109.07, 109.08, 109.09.

109.02_National_11_9_2016

Add the following sentence to Subsection 109.02(b):

109.02 Measurement Terms and Defini�ons.

(b) Contract quan�ty.

Contract quan��es will be adjusted only when there are errors in the original design of 15% or more.

152 - Construction Survey and Staking 152.00_National_12_12_2016

Add the following to Subsection 152.04(c):

152.04 General.

(c) Material.

Use required stake dimensions and materials. Pre-paint the top 2 inches of all stakes and lath, or mark them with plas�c flagging. Use designated colors for paint or flagging. Mark all stakes with a stake pencil that leaves a legible imprint, or with waterproof ink.

Do not use aerosol spray paints.

Use moisture-resistant paper for survey notes. Keep notes in books with covers that will protect the contents and retain the pages in numerical sequence.

Make the following changes to Subsection 152.05:

152.05 Survey and Staking Requirements.

Delete Subsection 152.05(d)(2) and replace with the following:

(d) Slope and reference stakes.

(2) Conven�onal survey methods. When required, locate slope stakes on designated por�ons of the road. Locate the slope stake catch points and use them to establish clearing limits and slope stake references.

Mark slope stakes with the sta�on, the amount of cut or fill, the horizontal distance to centerline, and the slope ra�os.

Place slope reference stakes at least 10 feet outside the clearing limit and mark with the offset distance to the slope stake. Place sight stakes when required.

Prior to clearing and grubbing opera�ons, move the slope stake outside the clearing limit to the slope reference stake. A�er clearing and grubbing and before excava�on, reset the slope stakes in their original posi�on.

Use the designated method to establish the slope stake catchpoint.

Method I—Computed Method. Use the template informa�on shown in the plans or other Government-provided data to calculate the actual loca�on of the catchpoint. The slope stake “catchpoint distance” provided may be used as a trial loca�on to ini�ate slope staking. Recatch slope stakes on any sec�on that does not match the staking report within the tolerances established in Table 152-2.

Method II—Catchpoint Measurement Method. Determine the loca�on of slope stake catchpoints by measuring the catchpoint distances shown in the plans or other Government-provided data.

Add the following to Subsection 152.05(e):

(e) Clearing and grubbing limits.

Mark the clearing limits with flagging or tags on trees to be le� standing, or on lath. Make markings intervisible, and no more than 90 feet apart.

A�er establishing clearing limits, move the loca�on line stake outside the clearing limits for sta�on iden�fica�on purposes, and mark it with horizontal distance to loca�on line.

Replace Table 152-1 with the following:

Table 152-1 Construc�on Survey and Staking Tolerances Table 152-1

Construction Survey and Staking Tolerances (1)

Staking Phase Horizontal Ver�cal

Control points set from exis�ng Government control points- Tolerance Class A

±0.03 feet (±10 millimeters)

±0.01 feet × N

(±3 millimeters × N )(2)

Mapping, topography, and cross-sec�on Points- Tolerance Class A

±0.16 feet (±50 millimeters)

±0.16 feet (±50 millimeters)

Centerline points (3) including (PC), (PT), (POT),(POC), and references- Tolerance Class A

±0.06 feet (±20 millimeters)

±0.06 feet (±20 millimeters)

Slope-stake and slope-stake references- Tolerance Class A (4)

±0.16 feet (±50 millimeters)

±0.16 feet ±50 millimeters)

Culverts, ditches, and minor drainage structures stakes- Tolerance Class A

±0.16 feet (±50 millimeters)

±0.06 feet (±20 millimeters)

Retaining walls stakes ±0.06 feet (±20 millimeters)

±0.03 feet (±10 millimeters)

Curb and guter stakes ±0.06 feet (±20 millimeters)

±0.03 feet (±10 millimeters)

Bridge substructures stakes ±0.03 feet (±10 millimeters)(5)

±0.03 feet (±10 millimeters)

Bridge superstructures stakes ±0.03 feet (±10 millimeters)(5)

±0.03 feet (±10 millimeters)

Clearing and grubbing limit stakes- Tolerance Class A

±1.00 feet (±300 millimeters)

Roadway subgrade finish stakes- Tolerance Class A (6)

±0.16 feet (±50 millimeters)

±0.03 feet (±10 millimeters)

Roadway finish grade stakes (6) ±0.16 feet (±50 millimeters)

±0.03 feet (±10 millimeters)

Table 152-1 Construction Survey and Staking Tolerances (continued) (1)

Staking Phase Horizontal Ver�cal

Control points set from exis�ng Government control points –Tolerance Class B (7)

±0.16 feet (±20 millimeters)

±0.16 feet ×

(±20 millimeters × )(2)

Mapping, topography, and cross-sec�on points–Tolerance Class B (7)

±1.00 feet (±300 millimeters)

±0.50 feet (±150 millimeters)

Centerline points including (PC), (PT), (POT),(POC), and references–Tolerance Class B (7)

±0.16 feet (±20 millimeters)

±0.16 feet (±20 millimeters)

Slope-stake and slope-stake references– Tolerance Class B (7)

±0.50 feet (±50 millimeters)

±0.16 feet ±50 millimeters)

Culverts, ditches, and minor drainage structures stakes–Tolerance Class B (7)

±0.50 feet (±150 millimeters)

±0.16 feet (±20 millimeters)

Clearing and grubbing limit stakes–Tolerance Class B (7)

±2.00 feet (±600 millimeters)

Roadway subgrade finish stakes–Tolerance Class B (7)

±0.50 feet (±50 millimeters)

±0.16 feet (±10 millimeters)

Roadway finish grade stakes–Tolerance Class B (7)

±0.50 feet (±50 millimeters)

±0.16 feet (±10 millimeters)

(1) At sta�s�cal 95 percent confidence level. Tolerances are rela�ve to exis�ng Government control points.

(2) N is the number of instrument setups.

(3) Centerline points: PC - point of curve, PT - point of tangent, POT - point on tangent, POC - point on curve.

(4) Take the cross-sec�ons normal to the centerline ±1 degree.

(5) Bridge control is established as a local network and the tolerances are rela�ve to that network.

(6) Includes paved ditches.

(7) Tolerance Class B for Very Low Volume Roads with an aggregate or na�ve finished surface.

N

N

155 - Schedules for Construction Contracts 155.00_National_11_9_2016

Delete Section 155 in its entirety.

Delete Sec�on 155.

157 - Soil Erosion and Sediment Control 157.04_National_11_1_2016

Delete Subsection 157.04 and replace with the following:

157.04 General.

Thirty (30) days prior to the start of construc�on, submit a writen plan according to subsec�on 104.03 with all necessary permits that provides permanent and temporary erosion control measures to minimize erosion and sedimenta�on during and a�er construc�on. Do not begin work un�l the necessary controls for that par�cular phase of work have been implemented. Do not modify the type, size, or loca�on of any control without approval.

When erosion control measures are not func�oning as intended, take correc�ve ac�on to eliminate or minimize pollutants in storm water discharges from the project.

201 - Clearing and Grubbing 201.04_National_11_8_2016

Delete and replace Subsection 201.04(d) with the following:

201.04(d) Clearing.

(d) Trim tree branches that extend over the road surface and shoulders to atain a clear height of <number> feet. Trim tree limbs as near flush with the trunk as prac�cable.

201.04_National_11_2_2016

Add the following paragraph to Subsection 201.04:

201.04 Clearing.

(e) Do not cut vegeta�on less than 3 feet in height and less than 3 inches in diameter that is within the clearing limits but beyond the roadway and not in a decking area and that does not interfere with sight distance along the road unless otherwise designated.

203 - Removal of Structures and Obstructions 203.04_National_11_2_2016

Make the following changes to Subsection 203.04(b):

203.04 (b) General.

Delete the fifth paragraph of Subsection 203.04(b) and replace with the following:

Remove structures and obstruc�ons in the roadbed to 12 inches (300 millimeters) below subgrade eleva�on.

Remove structures and obstruc�ons outside the roadbed to 12 inches (300 millimeters) below finished ground or to the natural stream botom.

Delete the seventh paragraph of Subsection 203.04(b) and replace with the following:

When abandoning an exis�ng culvert pipe, remove the upstream and downstream por�on of the culvert to within 12 inches (300 millimeters) of the subgrade or embankment slope. Ensure the abandoned pipe is at least 48 inches (1200 millimeters) from a new culvert or structure. Seal the abandoned culvert ends with a �ght-fi�ng plug of concrete at least 6 inches (150 millimeters) thick. Ensure the structure does not entrap water.

203.05_National_11_8_2016

Add the following to Subsection 203.05:

203.05 Disposing of Material.

(e) Windrowing Construc�on Slash. Place construc�on slash outside the roadway in neat, compacted windrows approximately parallel to and along the toe line of embankment slopes. Do not permit the top of the windrows to extend above subgrade. Use construc�on equipment to mat down all material in a windrow to form a compact and uniform pile. Construct breaks of at least 15 feet at least every 200 feet in a windrow. Do not place windrows against trees.

(f) Scatering. Scater construc�on slash in designated areas without damaging trees. Limb all logs. Place logs and stumps away from trees, posi�oned so they will not roll, and are not on top of one another. Limb and scater other construc�on slash to reduce slash concentra�ons. When scatering for erosion control, place construc�on slash as flat as prac�cable on the completed slope.

(g) Chipping. Use an approved chipping machine to chip slash longer than 3 feet. Deposit chips on embankment slopes or outside the roadway to a loose depth less than 6 inches. Minor amounts of chips or ground woody material may be permited within the roadway if they are thoroughly mixed with soil and do not form a layer.

(h) Debris Mat. Use tree limbs, tops, cull logs, split stumps, wood chunks, and other debris to form a mat upon which construc�on equipment is operated. Place stumps upside down and blend stumps into the mat.

(i) Decking. Remove brush from designated log deck areas. Limb and top logs.

Logs not mee�ng the U�liza�on Standards described in Subsec�on 201.04(c) shall be cut to lengths less than <number> feet and decked in designated log deck loca�on.

Merchantable �mber not associated with an exis�ng �mber sale shall be cut to length mee�ng the U�liza�on Standards described in Subsec�on 201.04(c).

Deck logs so that logs are piled parallel to one another; can be removed by standard log loading equipment; will not damage standing trees; will not interfere with drainage, and will not roll. Keep logs in log decks free of brush and soil.

(j) Removal to designated loca�ons. Remove construc�on slash to designated loca�ons.

(k) Piling. Pile construc�on slash in designated areas. Place and construct piles so that if the piles are burned, the burning will not damage remaining trees. Keep piles free of dirt from stumps.

204 - Excavation and Embankment 204.00_National_11_4_2016

Delete Section 204 in its entirety and replace with the following.

Sec�on 204. — EXCAVATION AND EMBANKMENT Descrip�on

204.01 This work consists of excavating material and constructing embankments. This work also includes furnishing, hauling, stockpiling, placing, disposing, sloping, shaping, compacting, and finishing earthen and rocky material.

204.02 Defini�ons.

(a) Excava�on. Excavation consists of the following:

(1) Roadway excava�on. Material excavated from within the right-of-way or easement areas, except subexcava�on covered in Subsec�on 204.02(a)(2) and structure excava�on covered in Sec�ons 208 and

209. Roadway excava�on includes all material encountered regardless of its nature or characteris�cs.

(2) Subexcava�on. Material excavated from below subgrade eleva�on in cut sec�ons or from below the original ground-line in embankment sec�ons. Subexcava�on excludes the work required by Subsec�on

204.05 or 204.06.

(3) Borrow excava�on. Material used for embankment construc�on that is obtained from outside the roadway prism. Borrow excava�on includes unclassified borrow, and topping.

(b) Embankment construc�on. Embankment construction consists of placing and compacting roadway or borrow excavation. This work includes:

(1) Preparing founda�on for embankment;

(2) Construc�ng roadway embankments;

(3) Benching for side-hill embankments;

(4) Construc�ng dikes, ramps, mounds, and berms; and

(5) Backfilling subexcavated areas, holes, pits, and other depressions.

(c) Conserved topsoil. Excavated material conserved from the roadway excavation and embankment foundation areas that is suitable for growth of grass, cover crops, or native vegetation.

(d) Waste. Excess and unsuitable roadway excavation and subexcavation that cannot be used.

Material

204.03 Conform to the following Subsections:

Topping 704.05

Unclassified borrow 704.06

Water 725.01(c)

Construc�on Requirements

204.04 Prepara�on for Roadway Excava�on and Embankment Construc�on. Clear the area of vegeta�on and obstruc�ons according to Sec�ons 201 and 203.

Road pioneering, slash disposal, and grubbing of stumps may proceed concurrently with excava�on and embankment. Maintain drainage during pioneering opera�ons.

204.05 Conserved Topsoil. When designated, conserve topsoil from roadway excavation and embankment foundation areas. Stockpile conserved topsoil in low windrows immediately beyond the rounding limits of cut and embankment slopes or in other approved locations. Separate conserved topsoil from other excavated material.

When designated, place conserved topsoil on completed slopes according to Section 624.

204.06 Roadway Excava�on. Excavate as follows:

(a) Rock cuts. Blast rock according to Section 205. Excavate rock cuts to 6 inches (150 millimeters) below subgrade within the roadbed limits. Backfill to subgrade with topping or other suitable material. Compact the material according to Subsection 204.11.

(b) Earth cuts. Scarify earth cuts to 6 inches (150 millimeters) below subgrade within the roadbed limits.

Compact the scarified material according to Subsection 204.11.

(c) Pioneer Roads. Conduct excava�on and placement opera�ons so material to be treated under Sec�on 201 will not be incorporated into the roadway unless specified in the slash treatment method. Maintain drainage during pioneering opera�ons.

Remove snow and ice in advance of the work and deposit beyond the roadway limits in a manner that will not waste material or generate sediment. Do not incorporate snow and ice into embankments. Place snow or ice in a manner to prevent resource damage.

(d) Drainage Feature. Drainage feature includes construc�on of all ditches, minor channel changes, drainage dips, catch basins, surface water deflectors, and other minor drainage structures. Compact the material according to Subsec�on 204.11. Excavate on a uniform grade between control points.

Do not disturb material and vegetation outside the construction limits. Retrieve material deposited outside the construction limits. Dispose of unsuitable or excess excavation material according to Subsection 204.14. Replace shortage of suitable material caused by premature disposal of roadway excavation.

Shape to drain and compact the work area to a uniform cross-section at the end of each day's operations.

204.07 Subexcava�on. Excavate material to the required limits. Dispose of unsuitable material according to Subsec�on 204.14. Take cross-sec�ons according to Sec�on 152. Backfill subexcavated area with suitable material in horizontal layers not exceeding 12 inches (300 millimeters) in compacted thickness and compact according to Subsec�on 204.11. Prevent unsuitable material from mixing with suitable backfill material.

204.08 Borrow Excava�on. Use suitable roadway excavation in embankment construction. Do not use borrow excavation when it results in excess roadway excavation. Deduct excess borrow excavation from the total borrow excavation quantity.

Obtain borrow source approval according to Subsection 105.02. Develop and restore borrow sources according to Subsections 105.03 and 105.06. Do not excavate beyond the established limits. When applicable, shape the borrow source to permit accurate measurements when excavation is complete.

204.09 Preparing Founda�on for Embankment Construc�on. Prepare foundation for embankment construction as follows:

(a) Embankment over natural ground. Remove topsoil and break up the ground surface to a minimum depth of 6 inches (150 millimeters) by plowing or scarifying. Compact the ground surface according to Subsection 204.11.

(b) Embankments over an exis�ng asphalt, concrete, or gravel road surface. Scarify gravel roads to a minimum depth of 6 inches (150 millimeters). Scarify or pulverize asphalt and concrete roads to 6 inches (150 millimeters) below the pavement. Reduce particles to a maximum size of 6 inches (150 millimeters) and produce a uniform material. Compact the surface according to Subsection 204.11.

(c) Embankment across ground not capable of suppor�ng equipment. Dump successive loads of embankment material in a uniformly distributed layer to construct the lower portion of the embankment. Limit the layer thickness to the minimum depth necessary to support the equipment.

(d) Embankment on an exis�ng slope steeper than 1V:3H. Cut horizontal steps in the existing slope to a sufficient width to accommodate placement and compaction operations and equipment. Step the slope as the embankment is placed and compacted in layers. Begin each step at the intersection of the original ground and the vertical cut of the previous step.

204.10 Embankment Construc�on. Incorporate only suitable roadway excavation material into the embankment.

When the supply of suitable roadway excavation is exhausted, furnish unclassified borrow to complete the embankment. Obtain written approval before beginning construction of embankments over 6 feet (2 meters) high at subgrade centerline. Construct embankments as follows:

(a) General. At the end of each day's operations, shape to drain and compact the embankment surface to a uniform cross-section. Eliminate ruts and low spots that could hold water.

During all stages of construction, route and distribute hauling and leveling equipment over the width and length of each layer of material.

Compact embankment side slopes with a tamping foot roller, by walking with a dozer, or by over-building the fill and then removing excess material to the final slope line. For slopes 1V:1¾H or steeper, compact the slopes as embankment construction progresses.

(b) Embankment within the roadway prism. Place embankment material in horizontal layers not exceeding 12 inches (300 millimeters) in compacted thickness. Incorporate oversize boulders or rock fragments into the 12-inch (300-millimeter) layers by reducing them in size or placing them individually as required below. Compact each layer according to Subsection 204.11 before placing the next layer.

Material composed predominately of boulders or rock fragments too large for 12-inch (300-millimeter) layers may be placed in layers up to 24 inches (600 millimeters) thick. Incorporate oversize boulders or rock fragments into the 24-inch (600-millimeter) layer by reducing them in size or placing individual rock fragments and boulders greater than 24 inches (600 millimeters) in diameter as follows:

(1) Reduce rock to less than 48 inches (1200 millimeters) in the largest dimension;

(2) Distribute rock within the embankment to prevent nes�ng;

(3) Place layers of embankment material around each rock to a depth not greater than that permited above. Fill voids between rocks; and

(4) Compact each layer according to Subsec�on 204.11(a) before placing the next layer.

(c) Embankment outside of roadway prism. When placing embankment outside the staked roadway prism, place material in horizontal layers not exceeding 24 inches (600 millimeters) in compacted thickness. Compact each layer according to Subsection 204.11.

204.11 Compac�on. Compact the embankment using one of the following methods as specified.

(a) Placement Method 1. Use AASHTO T 27 to determine the quantity of material retained on a No. 4 (4.75-millimeter) sieve. Compact as follows:

(1) More than 80 percent retained on a No. 4 (4.75-millimeter) sieve. Adjust the moisture content to a level suitable for compaction. Fill the interstices around rock with earth or other fine material as practical.

Use compression-type rollers at speeds less than 6 feet (1.8 meters) per second and vibratory rollers at speeds less than 3 feet (1 meter) per second. Compact each layer of material full width with one of the following and until there is no visible evidence of further consolidation:

(a) Four roller passes of a vibratory roller having a minimum dynamic force of 40,000 pounds (180 kilonewtons) impact per vibra�on and a minimum frequency of 1000 vibra�ons per minute;

(b) Eight roller passes of a 20-ton (20-metric ton) compression-type roller; or

(c) Eight roller passes of a vibratory roller having a minimum dynamic force of 30,000 pounds (130 kilonewtons) impact per vibra�on and a minimum frequency of 1000 vibra�ons per minute.

Increase the compactive effort for layers deeper than 12 inches (300 millimeters) as follows:

• For each addi�onal 6 inches (150 millimeters) or frac�on thereof, increase the number of roller passes in Subsec�on 204.11(a)(1)(a), by four passes; or

• For each addi�onal 6 inches (150 millimeters) or frac�on thereof, increase the number of roller passes in Subsec�on 204.11(a)(1)(b) and (c), by eight passes.

(2) 50 to 80 percent retained on a No. 4 (4.75-millimeter) sieve. Classify the material according to AASHTO M 145. Adjust the moisture content of material classified A-1 through A-5 to a moisture content suitable for compaction. Adjust the moisture content of material classified A-6 and A-7 to within 2 percent of the optimum moisture content. Use AASHTO T 99 to determine the optimum moisture content of the portion of the material passing a No. 4 (4.75-millimeter) sieve. Multiply this number by the percentage of material passing a No. 4 (4.75-millimeter) sieve, and add 2 percent to determine the optimum moisture content of the material.

Use nonvibratory rollers at speeds less than 6 feet (1.8 meters) per second and vibratory rollers at speeds less than 3 feet(1 meter) per second. Compact each layer of material full width according to Subsection 204.11(a)(1).

(3) Less than 50 percent retained on a No. 4 (4.75-millimeter) sieve. Classify the material according to AASHTO M 145. For material classified A-1 or A-2-4, determine the maximum density according to AASHTO T 99, Method C.

Adjust the moisture content of material classified A-1 through A-5 to a moisture content suitable for compaction. Adjust the moisture content of material classified A-6 and A-7 to within 2 percent of the optimum moisture content.

Use compression-type or vibratory rollers. Compact each layer of material full width to at least 95 percent of the maximum density. Determine the in-place density and moisture content according to AASHTO T 310 or other approved test procedures. When required, use AASHTO T 224 to correct for coarse particles.

(b) Placement Method 2. Adjust the moisture content of the material to a moisture content suitable for compac�on. Fill the inters�ces around rock with earth or other fine material as prac�cal. Operate roller compac�on equipment over the full width of each layer un�l there is no visible evidence of further consolida�on or, if when a sheepsfoot roller is used, the roller “walks out” of the layer. Make at least three complete passes. Use compression-type rollers at speeds less than 6 feet (1.8 meters) per second and vibratory rollers at speeds less than 3 feet (1 meter) per second. Ensure rollers meet the following requirements:

(1) Steel wheeled rollers, other than vibratory, capable of exer�ng a force of not less than 250 pounds per inch (4.5 kilogram/millimeter) of width of the compression roll or rolls.

(2) Vibratory steel wheeled rollers equipped with amplitude and frequency controls with a minimum dynamic force of 30,000 pounds (130 kilonewtons) impact per vibra�on, specifically designed to compact the material on which it is used.

(3) Pneuma�c-�red rollers with smooth tread �res of equal size that will provide a uniform compac�ng pressure for the full width of the roller and capable of exer�ng a ground pressure of at least 80 psi (550 Kilopascals).

(4) Sheepsfoot, tamping, or grid rollers capable of exer�ng a force of 250 pounds per inch (4.5 kilogram/millimeter) of width of roller drum.

(c) Placement Method 3. Adjust the moisture content of the material to a moisture content suitable for compac�on. Fill the inters�ces around rock with earth or other fine material as prac�cal. Operate hauling and spreading equipment uniformly over the full width of each layer un�l there is no visible evidence of further consolida�on. Make at least three complete passes.

(d) Placement Method 4. Adjust the moisture content of the material to a moisture content suitable for compac�on. Fill the inters�ces around rock with earth or other fine material as prac�cal. Operate hauling and spreading equipment uniformly over the full width of each layer.

(e) Placement Method 5. Adjust the moisture content of the material to a moisture content suitable for compac�on. Compact the complete surface with a bucket of an excavator larger than 39,000 pounds (18 metric ton) Gross Vehicle Weight using a minimum of three blows. Overlap compac�on by ½ width of bucket.

(f) Placement Method 6. Adjust the moisture content of the material to a moisture content suitable for compac�on. Compact using an approved mechanical tamper for a minimum of three complete passes.

When compac�ng with rollers or hauling and spreading equipment is not prac�cal, use approved mechanical tampers for a minimum of three complete passes.

204.12 Drainage Features. Slope, grade, and shape all drainage features. Remove projecting roots, stumps, rock, or similar matter. Maintain all drainage features in an open condition and without sticks, and other debris.

Form furrow ditches by plowing or using other acceptable methods to produce a continuous furrow. Place excavated material on the downhill side so the bottom of the ditch is approximately 18 inches (450 millimeters) below the crest of the loose material. Clean the ditch using a hand shovel or other suitable method. Shape to provide drainage without overflow.

204.13 Sloping, Shaping, and Finishing. Complete subgrade, slopes, drainage features, culverts, riprap, and other underground minor structures before placing aggregate courses. Slope, shape, and finish to the designated tolerance class as defined in Table 204-2 as follows:

(a) Sloping. Leave earth slopes with uniform roughened surfaces, except as described in Subsection 204.13(b), with no noticeable break as viewed from the road. Except in solid rock, round tops and bottoms of slopes including the slopes of drainage ditches. Round material overlaying solid rock to the extent practical. Scale rock slopes. Slope rounding is not required on tolerance class D through M roads.

If a slide or slipout occurs on a cut or embankment slope, remove or replace the material and repair or restore damage to the work. Bench or key the slope to stabilize the slide. Reshape the cut or embankment slope to an acceptable condition.

(b) Stepped slopes. Where required, construct steps on slopes of 1⅓V:1H to 1V:2H. Construct the steps approximately 18 inches (450 millimeters) high. Blend the steps into natural ground at the end of the cut. If the slope contains non-rippable rock outcrops, blend steps into the rock. Remove loose material found in transitional area. Except for removing large rocks that may fall, scaling stepped slopes is not required.

(c) Shaping. Shape the subgrade to a smooth surface and to the cross-section required. Shape slopes to gradually transition into slope adjustments without noticeable breaks. At the ends of cuts and at intersections of cuts and embankments, adjust slopes in the horizontal and vertical planes to blend into each other or into the natural ground.

(d) Finishing. Ensure that the subgrade is visibly moist during shaping and dressing; smooth and uniform, and shaped to conform to the typical sections. Remove material larger than 6 inches (150 millimeters) from the top 6 inches (150 millimeters) of the roadbed. Remove unsuitable material from the roadbed, and replace it with suitable material. Scarify to 6 inches (150 millimeters) below the bottom of low sections, holes, cracks, or depressions and bring back to grade with suitable material.

Maintain proper ditch drainage.

204.14 Disposal of Unsuitable or Excess Material. Dispose of unsuitable or excess material at designated sites or according to Subsection 203.05(a)

When there is a pay item for waste, shape and compact the waste material in its final location. Do not mix clearing or other material not subject to payment with the waste material.

204.15 Acceptance. See Table 204-1 for sampling, testing, and acceptance requirements.

Material for embankment and conserved topsoil will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and 106.04.

Excavation and embankment construction will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and 106.04.

Subexcavation will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and 106.04.

Measurement

204.16 Measure the Section 204 pay items listed in the bid schedule according to Subsection 109.02 and the following as applicable:

(a) Roadway excava�on. Measure roadway excavation in its original position as follows:

(1) Include the following volumes in roadway excava�on:

(a) Roadway prism excava�on;

(b) Rock material excavated and removed from below subgrade in cut sec�ons;

(c) Unsuitable material below subgrade and unsuitable material beneath embankment areas when a pay item for subexcava�on is not listed in the bid schedule;

(d) Ditches, except furrow ditches measured under a separate pay item;

(e) Conserved topsoil;

(f) Borrow material used in the work when a pay item for borrow is not listed in the bid schedule;

(g) Loose scatered rocks removed and placed as required within the roadway;

(h) Conserved material taken from pre-exis�ng stockpiles and used in Sec�on 204 work, except topsoil measured under 624; and

(i) Slide and slipout material not atributable to the Contractor's method of opera�on.

(2) Do not include the following in roadway excava�on:

(a) Overburden and other spoil material from borrow sources;

(b) Overbreakage from the backslope in rock excava�on;

(c) Water or other liquid material;

(d) Material used for purposes other than required;

(e) Roadbed material scarified in place and not removed;

(f) Material excavated when stepping cut slopes;

(g) Material excavated when rounding cut slopes;

(h) Preparing founda�ons for embankment construc�on;

(i) Material excavated when benching for embankments;

(j) Slide or slipout material atributable to the Contractor's method of opera�on;

(k) Conserved material taken from stockpiles constructed at the op�on of the Contractor;

(l) Material excavated outside the established slope limits; and

(m) Road pioneering for the convenience of the Contractor.

(3) When both roadway excava�on and embankment construc�on pay items are listed in the bid schedule, measure roadway excava�on only for the following:

(a) Unsuitable material below subgrade in cuts and unsuitable material beneath embankment areas when a pay item for subexcava�on is not listed in the bid schedule;

(b) Slide and slipout material not atributable to the Contractor’s method of opera�ons; and

(c) Drainage ditches, channel changes, and diversion ditches.

(b) Unclassified borrow, and topping. When measuring by the cubic yard (cubic meter) measure in its original position. If borrow excavation is measured by the cubic yard (cubic meter) in-place, take initial cross-sections of the ground surface after stripping overburden. Upon completion of excavation and after the borrow source waste material is returned to the source, retake cross-sections before replacing the overburden. Do not measure borrow excavation until suitable roadway excavation is depleted.

(c) Embankment construc�on. Measure embankment construction in its final position. Do not make deductions from the embankment construction quantity for the volume of minor structures.

(1) Include the following volumes in embankment construc�on:

(a) Roadway embankments;

(b) Material used to backfill subexcavated areas, holes, pits, and other depressions;

(c) Material used to restore obliterated roadbeds to original contours; and

(d) Material used for dikes, ramps, mounds, and berms.

(2) Do not include the following in embankment construc�on:

(a) Preparing founda�ons for embankment construc�on;

(b) Adjustments for subsidence or setlement of the embankment or of the founda�on on which the embankment is placed; and

(c) Material used to round fill slopes.

(d) Rounding cut slopes. If a pay item for slope rounding is included in the bid schedule measure rounding cut slopes horizontally along the centerline of the roadway. If a pay item is not included for slope rounding is not included in the bid schedule payment will be considered indirect to roadway excavation.

(e) Waste. Measure waste by the cubic yard (cubic meter) in its final position. Take initial cross-sections of the ground surface after stripping over-burden. Upon completion of the waste placement, retake cross-sections before replacing overburden.

(f) Slope scaling. Measure slope scaling by the cubic yard (cubic meter) in the hauling vehicle.

(g) Subexcava�on. Measure subexcavation by the cubic yard (cubic meter) in its original position.

(h) Drainage features. Measurement includes all excavation, embankment, shaping, and grading necessary for a completed drainage feature.

Payment

204.17 The accepted quantities will be paid at the contract price per unit of measurement for the Section 204 pay items listed in the bid schedule. Payment will be full compensation for the work prescribed in this Section. See Subsection 109.05.

Table 204-1 Sampling, Testing, and Acceptance Requirements

Material or Product (Subsection)

Type of Acceptance (Subsection)

Characteristic Category Test Methods Specifications

Sampling Frequency

Point of Sampling

Split Sample

Reporting Time

Source Topping (704.05)

Measured and tested for conformance (106.04 & 105)

Classification(1) – AASHTO M 145

1 per soil type and source of material

Processed material

Yes Before using in work

Unclassified borrow (704.06)

Production Topping (704.05) and (204.11(a))

Measured and tested for conformance (106.04)

Moisture-density – T 99, Method C(2)

1 per soil type, but not less than 1 per each 13,000 yd3 (10,000 m3)

Processed material

Yes Before using in work

Density – AASHTO T 310 or other approved procedures

1 per 3500 yd2 (3000 m2), but not less than 3 per layer

In-place No Before placement of next layer

Unclassified borrow (704.06) and (204.11(a))

" Moisture-density – T 99, Method C(2)

1 per soil type, but not less than 1 per each 13,000 yd3 (10,000 m3)

Processed material

Yes Before using in work

Density – AASHTO T 310 or other approved procedures

1 per 3500 yd2 (3000 m2), but not less than 3 per layer

In-place No Before placement of next layer

Production (continued)

Table 204-1 Sampling, Testing, and Acceptance Requirements

Material or Product (Subsection)

Type of Acceptance (Subsection)

Characteristic Category Test Methods Specifications

Sampling Frequency

Point of Sampling

Split Sample

Reporting Time

Earth embankment (204.11(a))

Measured and tested for conformance (106.04)

Classification – AASHTO M 145

1 per soil type

Source of material

Yes Before using in work

Moisture-density – T 99, Method C(2)

1 per soil type, but not less than 1 per each 13,000 yd3 (10,000 m3)

Density – AASHTO T 310 or other approved procedures

1 per 3500 yd2 (3000 m2), but not less than 3 per layer

In-place No Before placement of next layer

Top of subgrade (204.11(a))

" Density – AASHTO T 310 or other approved procedures

1 per 2500 yd2 (2000 m2), but not less than 3 per layer

In-place No Before placement next layer

Finished Product Roadbed (204.13)

Measured and tested for conformance (106.04)

Final line & grade

– Field measured Determined by the CO

Determined by the CO

No Before placement of next layer

(1) Not required when using Government-provided source.

(2) Minimum 5 points per proctor.

T ab le

-2

C on st ru ct io n

T ol er an ce s

T ol er an ce C la ss

(a

M

+2 .0

(c

(c

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(b

) M ax im um al lo w ab le d ev ia tio n fro m st ak ed sl op e m ea su re d fro m sl op e sta ke s o r h in ge p oi nt s.

(c

) U nl es s o th er w is e sh ow n th e ce nt er lin e al ig nm en t a nd su bg ra de e le va tio n, a s b ui lt, h av e no h or iz on ta l c ur ve s w ith a ra di us o f l es s t ha n fe et , a nd n o ve rti ca l c ur ve s w ith a c ur ve le ng th le ss th an fe et w he n th e al ge br ai c di ffe re nc e in th e gr ad e ch an ge is le ss th an pe rc en t, or a c ur ve le ng th o f l es s t ha n fe et w he n th e al ge br ai c di ffe re nc e of th e gr ad e ch an ge is gr ea te r t ha n or e qu al to pe rc en t.

Th e ce nt er lin e gr ad e is n ot to e xc ee d p er ce nt in fe et o f l en gt h.

L +2

+3

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K

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F +1

E +1

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D

C

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B

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L oc at io n D es cr ip tio n

R oa db ed w id th (f t)

Su bg ra de e le va tio n (ft

C en te rli ne a lig nm en t ( ft)

Sl op es , e xc av at io n, a nd em ba nk m en t sl op e(b