Attachment 2. NIJ Standard 0117.01.pdf

U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs National Institute of Justice

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF JUSTICE

STANDARD

APRIL 2016

BOMB SUITS

Public Safety Bomb Suit

NIJ Standard 0117.01

810 Seventh St. N.W.

Washington, DC 20531

Loretta E. Lynch

Attorney General

Karol V. Mason

Assistant Attorney General

Nancy Rodriguez, Ph.D.

Director, National Institute of Justice

This and other publications and products of the National Institute of Justice can be found at:

National Institute of Justice http://www.NIJ.gov

Office of Justice Programs

Innovation • Partnerships • Safer Neighborhoods http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov

The findings and conclusions in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice.

http:http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov http:http://www.NIJ.gov

National Institute of Justice

Public Safety Bomb Suit Standard

NIJ Standard-0117.01

April 2016

NCJ 249560

http:Standard-0117.01

Public Safety Bomb Suit Standard

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF JUSTICE

Nancy Rodriguez, Ph.D.

Director

Chris Tillery Office Director, Office of Science and Technology

Mark Greene, Ph.D.

Division Director, Policy and Standards Division

Debra Stoe Physical Scientist, Policy and Standards Division

Brian Montgomery General Engineer, Research Division

The National Institute of Justice is a component of the Office of Justice Programs, which also includes the Bureau of Justice

Assistance; the Bureau of Justice Statistics; the Office for Victims of Crime; the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency

Prevention; and the Office of Sex Offender Sentencing, Monitoring, Apprehending, Registering, and Tracking (SMART).

Panel of Experts

This standard was developed by a panel of practitioners, technical experts, and others with experience in standards development and conformity assessment. Panel members, their organizations, and their professional affiliations or expertise are listed in Table 1and Table 2.

Table 1. Practitioners

Type Name Organization Affiliation Local

(Retired) Martin Hutchings, Lead

Sacramento (Calif.) Sheriff’s Department

National Bomb Squad Commanders Advisory Board (NBSCAB)

Local Tom Sharkey Metro Transit (WMATA) Police Department

NBSCAB

Local Albert Wessel Allegheny County (Pa.) Police Department

NBSCAB

Local Ursula Wiebusch Hartford (Conn.) Police Department

NBSCAB

State Christopher Ennis

Delaware State Police Department NBSCAB iii

Table 2. Subject Matter and Technical Experts

Type Name Organization Expertise Federal Rich Campbell U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives

Subject Matter Expert

Federal Marina Carboni U.S. Army Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering (RD&E) Center

Subject Matter Expert

Federal Fred Chan U.S. Army Natick Soldier RD&E Center

Subject Matter Expert

Federal David Colanto U.S. Army Natick Soldier RD&E Center

Subject Matter Expert

Federal Gordon Gillerman U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology

Conformity Assessment

Federal Jerry Harkleroad U.S. Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Hazardous Devices School

Instructor

Federal Jeffrey Horlick (contractor)

U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology

Conformity Assessment

Federal Everett Johnson (contractor)

U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Office of Science and Technology

Subject Matter Expert

Federal Rich McKee U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Office for Bombing Prevention

Subject Matter Expert

Federal Casandra Robinson U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology

Standards, Conformity Assessment

Federal Mike Zielinski U.S. Army Natick Soldier RD&E Center

Subject Matter Expert

Private Pat Gleason Safety Equipment Institute Standards, Conformity Assessment

Private Pam Kavalesky Intertek Test Laboratory Testing iv

Advisory Working Group

The work of the panel was reviewed by an Advisory Working Group (AWG) made up of senior-level representatives from stakeholder organizations and individuals with experience in standards development and conformity assessment. Organizations represented on the AWG are listed in Table 3 below.

Table 3. AWG Members

Organization

Fraternal Order of Police

International Association of Chiefs of Police

National Bomb Squad Commanders Advisory Board

National Sheriffs’ Association

National Tactical Officers Association

U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology

U.S. Department of Defense, Technical Support Working Group

U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology Directorate, Explosives Division

U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology Directorate, Office of Standards

U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives

U.S. Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Hazardous Devices School v

Steering Committee

The Steering Committee generally directed the effort and helped to ensure coordination among relevant federal programs. The following were the members of the Steering Committee (shown in Table 4 with their respective organizations during the development of NIJ Standard-0117.00).

Table 4. Steering Committee Members

Member Organization Title Gregory K. Ridgeway, Ph.D., Chair

U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice

Deputy Director

Bert Coursey U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology Directorate, Office of Standards

Director

Mark Stolorow U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Law Enforcement Standards Office

Director vi http:Standard-0117.00

FOREWORD

This document is a voluntary performance standard for bomb suits for use by certified public safety bomb technicians while performing render safe procedures and disposal activities. It defines both performance requirements and the methods used to test performance. In order for a manufacturer, supplier, or other entity to claim that a particular bomb suit model satisfies this National Institute of Justice (NIJ) standard, the model must be in compliance with this standard, as determined in accordance with this document and the associated document, Public Safety Bomb Suit Certification Program Requirements, NIJ CR-0117.00. Both this standard and the associated certification program requirements document are produced as part of the Standards and Testing Program of the U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, NIJ, as is a third associated document, the Public Safety Bomb Suit Selection and Application Guide, NIJ Guide–0117.00.

All requirements stated in this standard, including those that explicitly employ mandatory language (e.g., “shall”), are those necessary to satisfy this standard. Nothing in this document is intended to require or imply that commercially available bomb suits must satisfy this standard.

This document is a performance and testing standard and, therefore, provides precise and detailed test methods.

The standard is based on research from the U.S. Army Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering (RD&E) Center, which is documented in the report listed below.

Portions of the report are used within this standard, and references to the report are cited using the letter symbol indicated below:

Symbol Cited Document

A Recommendations for a Draft Bomb Suit Standard. 2008. Natick, MA:

Commander, U.S. Army Research, Development and Engineering Command, Soldier Systems Center, Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center, National Protection Center.

This standard addresses six key areas: fragmentation, impact, flame, some blast overpressure, optics, and ergonomics. Fragmentation, impact, flame, and blast overpressure are hazards against which a bomb technician needs to be protected when performing render safe procedures. Optics and ergonomics relate to a bomb technician’s ability to perform render safe procedures while wearing the bomb suit. The standard balances the protection requirements against the bomb technician’s need for mobility, clear vision, and dexterity.

vii http:Guide�0117.00 http:CR-0117.00

This standard addresses blast overpressure only in terms of bomb suit integrity; i.e., only in terms of the bomb suit’s remaining intact when subjected to an explosion. At present, research and data related to the effects of blast overpressure are limited. The following aspects of blast overpressure will not be addressed until the necessary research is complete: blast head trauma, blast thoracic injury, blunt thoracic injury, blunt lower neck trauma, other neck injury, and blast ear injury. NIJ anticipates publishing addenda or revisions to this standard when the necessary data are available and applicable requirements and test methods are defined.

Requirements for manufacturers, suppliers, or other entities seeking to demonstrate conformity with this standard are provided in a separate document, Public Safety Bomb Suit Certification Program Requirements, NIJ CR-0117.00. Those seeking guidance concerning the selection and application of bomb suits for certified public safety bomb technicians should refer to the most recent version of the Public Safety Bomb Suit Selection and Application Guide, NIJ Guide-0117.00, which explains the standard in nontechnical language and provides guidance into selecting, procuring, using, and maintaining bomb suits.

Although agencies are advised always to require their procurements to meet or exceed the most recent and up-to-date version of this standard, this does not necessarily mean that an agency should remove bomb suits that they currently have in use from service, as a bomb suit that does not meet current standards may well be better than no bomb suit at all.

NIJ standards are subject to continued research, development and testing, review and modification as appropriate on an ongoing basis. Users of this standard are advised to consult the NIJ Standards and Testing Program webpage, accessed from www.NIJ.gov/standards, on a regular basis to determine whether the documents have been revised or superseded.

Technical comments and recommended revisions are welcome. Please send all written comments and suggestions to: Director, National Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, DC, 20531, ATTN: NIJ Standards and Testing Program.

Nothing in this document is intended to create any legal or procedural rights enforceable against the United States. Moreover, nothing in this document creates any obligation for manufacturers, suppliers, public safety agencies, or others to follow or adopt this voluntary equipment standard.

viii http://www.nij.gov/standards http:Guide-0117.00

CONTENTS

ABBREVIATIONS, SYMBOLS, PREFIXES, AND CONVERSIONS................................ xiii

1. SCOPE, PURPOSE, AND APPLICATION

1.1 Scope

1.2 Purpose

1.3 Application

2. REFERENCES

2.1 Associated Publications

2.2 Referenced Publications

3. DEFINITIONS

3.1 General

3.2 Standard-Specific Definitions

4. FORM AND FIT REQUIREMENTS

4.1 Requirements for Bomb Suit Models

4.2 Requirements for Protective Elements of Models

4.3 Requirements for Accessories of Bomb Suit Models

5. PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS

5.1 Acceptance Criteria for Bomb Suit Models

5.2 Ergonomics RequirementsA for Bomb Suit Models

5.3 Optics RequirementsA for Bomb Suit Models

5.4 Flammability RequirementsA for Bomb Suit Models

5.5 Electrostatic Discharge Requirements for Bomb Suit Models

5.6 Head Protection RequirementsA for Bomb Suit Models

5.7 Spine Protection RequirementsA for Bomb Suit Models

5.8 Fragmentation Requirements for Bomb Suit Models

5.9 Bomb Suit Integrity Requirements for Bomb Suit Models

5.10 Drag Rescue Device Requirements for Bomb Suit Models

ix

5.11 Label Durability Requirements for Bomb Suit Models

5.12 Optional Foot Protection Slip Resistance Requirement for Bomb Suit Models

6. TEST METHODS

6.1 General

6.2 Donning and Quick Doffing TestA

6.3 Incapacitated Doffing TestA

6.4 Static Field of View (FOV) Test

6.5 Dynamic FOV – Head Motion Only TestA

6.6 Dynamic FOV – Head and Body Motion TestA

6.7 Coin Recovery TestA

6.8 Lie on Back and Stand Up TestA

6.9 Test CourseA

6.10 Gross Body Mobility TestsA

6.11 Kneel and Rise TestA

6.12 Upper Arm Abduction TestA

6.13 Upper Arm Forward Extension TestA

6.14 Upper Arm Backward Extension TestA

6.15 Upper Leg Abduction TestA

6.16 Upper Leg Flexion TestA

6.17 Upper Leg Forward Extension TestA

6.18 Upper Leg Backward Extension TestA

6.19 Fogging Assessment for Face Shields

6.20 Optics Tests

6.21 Distortion TestA

6.22 Luminous Transmittance TestA

6.23 Haze Resistance TestA

x

6.24 Refractive Power TestA

6.25 Prismatic Deviation TestA

6.26 Flammability TestA

6.27 Electrostatic Discharge Test

6.28 Head Protection TestA

6.29 Spine Protection TestA

6.30 Fragmentation TestA

6.31 Bomb Suit Integrity TestA

6.32 Drag Rescue Device Test

6.33 Label Durability: Wear Test

6.34 Label Durability: Chemical Resistance Test

6.35 Slip Resistance Test

7. LABELING AND INFORMATION

7.1 General Product Label Requirements for Bomb Suit Models

7.2 Compliance Statements on Certified Product Labels of Compliant Bomb Suit

Models

7.3 User Information to be Provided by the Supplier

7.4 Technical Data Package to be Provided by the Supplier

APPENDIX A. Protection Areas

List of Figures

Figure 1. Static FOV Axes (Oriented to the left pupil of the head form)

Figure 2. Method to Determine Dynamic FOV (Head Motion Only)

Figure 3. Method of Determining Dynamic FOV (Head and Body Motion)

Figure 4. Refractive Power Test Equipment and Setup

Figure 5. Protection Areas

Figure 6. Body Landmarks xi

Figure 7. Human Body Plane: (1) Frontal or Coronal, (2) Sagittal, (3) Transverse

Figure 8. Human Body Directions

List of Tables

Table 1. Practitioners................................................................................................................... iii

Table 2. Subject Matter and Technical Experts ....................................................................... iv

Table 3. AWG Members............................................................................................................... v

Table 4. Steering Committee Members ..................................................................................... vi

Table 5. Static FOV Requirements

Table 6. Flammability Acceptance Criteria for Outer Shell Material Specimens

Table 7. Flammability Acceptance Criteria for Helmet Specimens

Table 8. Fragmentation Performance Requirements

Table 9. Head Protection Test Matrix

Table 10. Armor Types and Protection Areas for Fragmentation Testing

Table 11. Test Projectiles

Table 12. Minimum Distance for Shot Locations

Table 13. V50 Ballistic Limit Parameters

Table 14. Required Number of Fair Hits and Maximum Allowable Velocity Range

Table 15. Bomb Suit Protection Area

List of Equations

Equation 1. Occluded Angle for Dynamic FOV

Equation 2. Back View Distance xii

ABBREVIATIONS, SYMBOLS, PREFIXES, AND CONVERSIONS

Standard-Specific Abbreviations

AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials ANSI American National Standards Institute ASTM ASTM International CBRN Chemical/Biological/Radiological/Nuclear DHS Department of Homeland Security DOJ Department of Justice DOT Department of Transportation FBI Federal Bureau of Investigation FOV Field of View FSP Fragment Simulating Projectile HS Highest Stop IAFF International Association of Fire Fighters IEC International Electrotechnical Commission IED Improvised Explosive Device ISO International Standardization Organization ITOP International Test Operations Procedure JIEDDO Joint Improvised Explosive Device Defeat Organization L/D Length to diameter LP Lowest Perforation NFPA National Fire Protection Association NIJ National Institute of Justice NIOSH National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology NLECTC National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Center PPE Personal Protective Equipment U.S. United States VAS Visual Acuity Score WMATA Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority xiii

Commonly Used Symbols and Abbreviations A ampere H henry nm nanometer ac alternating current h hour No. number AM amplitude modulation hf high frequency o.d. outside diameter cd candela Hz hertz Ω ohm cm centimeter i.d. inside diameter p. page CP chemically pure in inch Pa pascal c/s cycle per second IR infrared pe probable error d day J joule pp. pages dB decibel kN Kilo newton ppm parts per million dc direct current L liter qt quart °C degree Celsius lb pound rad radian °F degree Fahrenheit lbf pound force rf radio frequency diam diameter lbf⋅in pound force inch rh relative humidity emf electromotive force lm lumen s second eq equation ln logarithm (base e) SD standard deviation F farad log logarithm (base 10) sec. section fc footcandle M molar SWR standing wave ratio fig. figure m meter uhf ultrahigh frequency FM frequency modulation min. minute UV ultraviolet ft foot mm millimeter V volt ft/s foot per second mph miles per hour vhf very high frequency g acceleration m/s meter per second W watt g gram N newton λ wavelength gr grain N⋅m newton meter wt weight xiv

1. SCOPE, PURPOSE, AND APPLICATION

1.1 Scope

1.1.1 This document is a voluntary standard. All requirements stated in this standard, including those that explicitly employ mandatory language (e.g., “shall”) are those necessary to satisfy the standard. Nothing in this document is intended to require or imply that commercially available bomb suits must satisfy this standard. In order for a supplier or other entity to claim that a particular bomb suit model satisfies this NIJ standard, however, the model must be found to comply with this standard as determined in accordance with this document and the associated document, Public Safety Bomb Suit Certification Program Requirements, NIJ CR-0117.00.

1.1.2 This standard specifies the minimum requirements for the form and fit, performance, testing, documentation, and labeling of bomb suits.

1.1.3 This standard specifies requirements for new, unworn bomb suits.

1.1.4 This standard addresses blast overpressure only in terms of bomb suit integrity. As of the date of the document, blast overpressure protection test measures did not provide sufficient confidence levels to recommend test methods and protective performance requirements.

1.1.5 This standard does not specify requirements for protection of wrists, hands, or ankles.

1.1.6 This standard does specify requirements for foot protection, if such protection is provided by the supplier or other entity as an optional protective element.

1.1.7 The performance requirements of this standard shall be met with all required accessories installed or integrated (see Section 7.3.3).

1.1.8 This standard does not specify requirements for protection from projectiles from firearms (e.g., bullet threats).

1.1.9 This standard does not address search suits or reconnaissance suits (see Section 3.2.45).

1.1.10 This standard shall not be understood as addressing all of the safety concerns associated with the use of bomb suits. Users of this standard should be aware of all safety and health issues associated with the use of bomb suits. User information related to these issues is provided in Public Safety Bomb Suit Selection and Application Guide, NIJ Guide-0117.00.

1.1.11 This standard shall not be understood as addressing the safety concerns, if any, associated with the use of this standard by testing facilities.

1.1.12 No supplier or other entity shall claim compliance with only selected portions of this standard. The bomb suit model shall meet all applicable stated requirements of this standard.

1.1.13 Nothing herein shall be understood to restrict any supplier or other entity from exceeding the requirements of this standard.

1.1.14 As appropriate (e.g., for models that employ materials or forms of construction that were not anticipated when this standard was developed or are not addressed by this standard), NIJ may modify the test methods of the standard or establish new ones.

1.2 Purpose

1.2.1 The purpose of this NIJ voluntary standard is to specify minimum requirements for bomb suits worn by bomb technicians conducting render safe procedures, analysis, and disposal activities, and test methods for assessing that the performance requirements are met.

1.2.1.1 The purpose of the test methods in this standard is to assess performance and should not be understood to specify performance levels for all situations and hazards to which bomb technicians may be exposed.

1.3 Application

1.3.1 This standard provides for one level of protection.

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2. REFERENCES

2.1 Associated Publications

The following document is a companion publication to NIJ Standard-0117.01 and NIJ CR-0117.00.

NIJ Guide-0117.00, Public Safety Bomb Suit Selection and Application Guide.

Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice, U.S. Department of Justice.

2.2 Referenced Publications

The following references form a basis for and provide support for the requirements and procedures described in this standard. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document applies, including any amendments.

2.2.1 American National Standards Institute Publications

ANSI/ASSE Z87.1-2003, Occupational and Educational Personal Eye and Face Protection Devices. 2003. Washington, DC: American National Standards Institute.

2.2.2 ASTM International Publications

ASTM Standard D1003-00, 2000, “Standard Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastics,” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2000, DOI: 10.1520/D1003-00, www.astm.org.

ASTM Standard D4966-12, 2012, “Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Martindale Abrasion Tester Method),” ASTM International, West Conshohoken, PA, 2012, DOI: 10.1520/D4966-12, www.astm.org.

ASTM Standard D6413-99, 1999, “Standard Test Method for Flame Resistance of Textiles (Vertical Test),” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 1999, DOI: 10.1520/D6413-99, www.astm.org.

ASTM Standard F1587-12a, 2012, “Standard Specification for Head and Face Protective Equipment for Ice Hockey Goaltenders,” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2012, DOI: 10.1520/F1587-12A, www.astm.org.

http:www.astm.org http:www.astm.org http:www.astm.org http:www.astm.org http:Guide-0117.00 http:Standard-0117.01

ASTM Standard F2220, 2002, “Standard Specification for Headforms,” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2002, DOI: 10.1520/F2220 02, www.astm.org.

ASTM Standard F489, 1996, “Standard Test Method for Static Coefficient of Friction of Shoe Sole and Heel Material as Measured by the James Machine,” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 1996, DOI: 10.1520/F0489 96, www.astm.org.

2.2.3 Canadian Standards Association Publications

CAN/CSA Z617-06, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for Blunt Trauma.

2006. Mississauga, Ontario: Canadian Standards Association.

2.2.4 Electrostatic Discharge Association Publications

STM 2.1-1997, Electrostatic Discharge Association Standard Test Method for the Protection of Electrostatic Discharge Susceptible Items – Garments. 1997.

Rome, NY: Electrostatic Discharge Association.

2.2.5 ISO/IEC Publications

ISO/IEC 17065. Conformity assessment — Requirements for bodies certifying products, processes and services.

IEC 60825-1: 2007. Safety of laser products - Part 1: Equipment classification and requirements.

2.2.6 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Publications

NFPA 1971, Standard on Protective Ensembles for Structural Fire Fighting and Proximity Fire Fighting. 2007. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association.

2.2.7 U.S. Government Publications

Washer, E.; Gardner, I. C. NBS resolution test chart 1952, presented in Method for determining the resolving power of photographic lenses. National Bureau of Standards (U.S.) Spec. Publ. 374; 1973 June.

http:www.astm.org http:www.astm.org

NIJ CR-0117.00, Public Safety Bomb Suit Certification Program Requirements. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice, U.S.

Department of Justice.

NIJ Standard-0104.02, NIJ Standard for Riot Helmets and Face Shields.

Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice.

NIOSH CET-APRS-STP-CBRN-0314, Revision 1.1 – Determination of Lens Fogging on Full-Facepiece Chemical Biological Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) Air-Purifying Respirators Standard Test Procedure, 2005.Washington, DC: National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health.

TP-218-0506, Laboratory Test Procedure for Motor Vehicle Safety Standard FMVSS No. 218 — Motorcycle Helmets. 2006. Washington, DC: U.S.

Department of Transportation.

2.2.8 U.S. Military Publications

International Test Operations Procedure (ITOP) 4-2-805 – Projectile Velocity and Time of Flight Measurements. 1999. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Defense.

MIL-STD-662F – V50 Ballistic Test for Armor. 1997. Washington, DC: U.S.

Department of Defense.

MIL-P-46593A (ORD) — Projectile Calibers .22, .30, .50 and 20 mm Fragment-Simulating. 1962. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Defense.

MIL-DTL-43511D — Detail Specification, Face Shields, Flyer’s Helmet, Polycarbonate. 2006. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Defense.

Recommendations for a Draft Bomb Suit Standard. 2008. Natick, MA:

Commander, U.S. Army Research, Development and Engineering Command, Soldier Systems Center, Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center, National Protection Center.

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3. DEFINITIONS

3.1 General

3.1.1 The definitions contained in this chapter shall apply to these terms as used in this standard. Where terms are not defined in this chapter or within another chapter, they shall be defined using their ordinarily accepted meanings, unless the context unmistakably indicates otherwise.

3.2 Standard-Specific Definitions

3.2.1 Abduction: Movement of a body part away from the medial plane of the body.

3.2.2 Accessories: Any supplier-recommended or aftermarket items that can be attached to the bomb suit.

3.2.2.1 Optional accessories: Items available for use with the bomb suit but not necessary for meeting the requirements of this standard.

3.2.2.2 Required accessories: Items provided with a bomb suit and necessary for meeting the requirements of this standard.

3.2.3 Anchor point: A mechanism intended to prevent unintentional detachment of protective elements.

3.2.4 Blast overpressure: Air pressure that is significantly greater than the surrounding atmospheric pressure, as a result of the shock wave from an explosion.

3.2.5 Bomb suit: An ensemble designed to provide limited protection for the head, face, neck, thorax/abdomen, pelvis, arms, and legs from the hazards associated with the detonation of an explosive device.

3.2.6 Bomb technicians: Qualified public safety personnel who perform render safe procedures, analysis, and disposal activities for hazardous explosive devices.

3.2.7 Care: Cleaning, decontamination, and storage of a product.

3.2.8 Certified product: Any unit of a compliant model.

3.2.9 Compliant: The condition of a bomb suit model’s meeting or exceeding all applicable requirements of this standard as determined pursuant and subject to

NIJ CR-0117.

3.2.10 Component: Any material, part, or subassembly used in construction of the bomb suit or protective element.

3.2.11 Cosmetic damage: Discoloration, fraying, singeing, ripping, tearing, etc., of outer fabric layers and items such as straps or closures.

3.2.12 Disposal: The safe elimination of potentially hazardous materials.

3.2.13 Doff: To remove from a wearer (as in a garment).

3.2.13.1 Incapacitated doff: The removal of a bomb suit from a wearer who is incapable of assisting in bomb suit removal.

3.2.13.2 Quick doff: The quick removal of a bomb suit by the wearer.

3.2.14 Don: To put on a wearer (as in a garment).

3.2.15 Drag rescue device: A reinforced handle on the exterior of a bomb suit for the purpose of moving an incapacitated wearer.

3.2.16 Duty footwear: A shoe or boot worn by a bomb technician that is not designed to provide protection from the hazards associated with the detonation of an explosive device.

3.2.17 Electrostatic discharge: A rapid transfer of electrically charged particles between objects that has the potential to initiate an explosive charge or ignite combustible materials.

3.2.18 Face shield: The protective element that is designed to protect the wearer’s face from the hazards associated with the detonation of an explosive device.

3.2.19 Fair hit: The impact of a projectile on an armor specimen that meets the shot-spacing requirements of Section 6.30.3.5 and the yaw requirements of Section 6.30.3.3.

3.2.20 Field of view (FOV): The area that a bomb suit permits its wearer to see when looking through its face shield.

3.2.21 Flammability: A material’s capacity to support combustion.

3.2.22 Foot protection: An optional protective element that is designed to protect the foot, from the top to the sole.

3.2.23 Fragment simulating projectile (FSP): A standardized cylindrical steel projectile designed to emulate the general ballistic performance of irregularly shaped metallic fragments associated with an explosive device.

3.2.24 Fragmentation test: Laboratory ballistic test procedure for determining the protection level of target materials against an FSP.

3.2.25 Goniometer: A device for measuring angular position.

3.2.26 Head protection: The protective element that is designed to protect the wearer’s head, not including the face.

3.2.27 Helmet: Synonymous with head protection.

3.2.28 Impact attenuation: Capacity of personal protective equipment to reduce the severity of contact by absorbing and/or distributing energy.

3.2.29 Maintenance: Inspection, repair, and retirement of a product.

3.2.30 Manufacturer: A commercial enterprise engaged in fabricating a product.

3.2.31 Model: The manufacturer’s design, with unique specifications and characteristics, of a particular item.

3.2.32 Objective: The desired target value for a performance requirement.

3.2.33 Optics test: Procedure that evaluates essential optical properties of the face shield.

3.2.34 Outer shell materials: The exterior layer of material of the bomb suit without the helmet, excluding reinforcements, pouches, fasteners, zippers, closures, binding, or similar items attached to the shell.

3.2.35 Perforation: Any projectile impact that creates a crack or hole passing through something. The term perforation includes complete penetration, as that term is used in other standards.

3.2.36 Personal protective equipment (PPE): Any item providing protection to the wearer against a hazard.

3.2.37 Product: One unit of a particular model.

3.2.38 Protection areas: The following portions of the body that a bomb suit is designed to protect from the hazards associated with the detonation of an explosive device: (1) head, (2) face, (3) neck, (4) thorax/abdomen, (5) pelvis,

(6) arms, and (7) legs. Many protection areas have different performance requirements for the front, sides, and rear of the body. Diagrams, sketches, and detailed descriptions are provided in Appendix A. Hands, wrists, and ankles are not protection areas.

3.2.38.1 Head: The area from the top of the skull to the chin in the front and to the base of skull in the rear, excluding the face.

3.2.38.2 Face: The surface of the front of the head, including enough area to meet the vision requirements of this standard.

3.2.38.3 Neck: The part of the body joining the head to the trunk, from the chin to the top of the chest in front, and from the bottom of the skull to the shoulder line in back.

• Neck - Front Lateral

• Neck - Front Medial

• Neck - Rear

3.2.38.4 Thorax/Abdomen: The trunk of the body from the base of the neck to the navel line, in the front and back, excluding the arms.

• Thorax/Abdomen - Front Lateral (left and right)

• Thorax/Abdomen – Front Medial

• Thorax/Abdomen - Rear

3.2.38.5 Pelvis: The trunk of the body below the navel line, in the front and back, excluding the legs.

• Pelvis – Front Lateral

• Pelvis – Front Medial

• Pelvis - Rear

3.2.38.6 Arms: The upper limbs of the body, from the shoulder crease/armpit to the wrist crease.

3.2.38.7 Legs: The lower limbs of the body, from the crotch to the ankle crease.

• Legs - Lower Front: From the bottom of the kneecap to the ankle crease in front of the coronal plane (refer to Figure 6).

• Legs - Lower Rear: From the bottom of the kneecap to the ankle crease behind the coronal plane (refer to Figure 6).

• Legs – Upper: From the crotch to the bottom of the kneecap.

3.2.39 Protective elements: The parts of the bomb suit that provide protection to the areas of the wearer’s body described in Section 3.2.40.

3.2.40 Render safe procedure: Actions taken to mitigate a bomb threat. Such actions may include deploying explosive or mechanical means to separate essential parts of the hazardous device.

3.2.41 Retention system: Hardware assembly used to retain a helmet in position on the head during use.

3.2.42 Sample: A bomb suit, protective element, or component that is to be subjected to conditioning procedures as specified in this standard in preparation for subsequent testing. A sample is to be representative of a model (or a model protective element or a model component, as applicable).

3.2.42.1 Facsimile sample: A type of sample that is not taken from an actual bomb suit, protective element, or component, but that is prepared with materials and construction identical to an actual bomb suit, protective element, or component. Each facsimile sample shall include any protective element(s) and any associated component layer(s).

3.2.43 Search suit or reconnaissance suit: A type of PPE intended to provide protection to a bomb technician during a search for explosive devices but not intended to provide the level of protection offered by the bomb suit addressed in this standard.

3.2.44 Shall: Indicates a mandatory requirement for the purposes of this voluntary standard.

3.2.45 Should: Indicates a recommendation that is advised but not required for the purposes of this voluntary standard.

3.2.46 Specimen: (1) A piece or portion of a sample to be tested (following conditioning as specified in this standard) that is representative of the whole sample, or (2) A complete sample to be tested (following conditioning as specified in this standard). (See 3.2.44, Sample.)

3.2.47 Spine protection: The protective element that is designed to protect the thoracolumbar region.

3.2.48 Spine protector: Synonymous with spine protection.

3.2.49 Stop: Any fair hit of a projectile on a sample or specimen that does not result in a perforation. The term stop includes partial penetration, as that term is used in other standards.

3.2.50 Supplier: The party that is responsible for ensuring that products meet and, if applicable, continue to meet, the requirements on which the certification is based (ISO/IEC Guide 65, 3.1).

3.2.51 Test subject: An individual who dons a bomb suit and performs specified activities for testing purposes under this standard. The test subject shall hold a current Federal Bureau of Investigation Hazardous Device School bomb technician certification or shall be a current Military Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) Technician.

3.2.52 Test surrogate: Device used as a human substitute in laboratory procedures.

3.2.53 Threshold: A minimum acceptable value for a performance requirement.

3.2.54 V50 ballistic limit: For a given projectile type, an estimate of the velocity at which the projectile is expected to perforate an armor specimen 50% of the time. The ballistic limit is typically denoted as the V50 or V50 value.

3.2.55 Walking surface: The portion of foot protection that contacts the ground during normal walking, including the ball and/or heel where appropriate.

3.2.56 Yaw: The angular deviation of the longitudinal axis of the projectile from its line of flight, measured as close to the target as practical.

4. FORM AND FIT REQUIREMENTS

To be tested under the performance requirements of this standard, bomb suit models shall satisfy the requirements of this chapter.

4.1 Requirements for Bomb Suit Models

4.1.1 Bomb suits shall meet or exceed the applicable requirements specified in this section.

4.1.2 Bomb suits shall be designed to protect at least the wearer’s head, face, neck, thorax/abdomen, pelvis, arms, and legs.

4.1.3 The bomb suit design shall be such that body movement of the user (e.g., reaching and bending) does not result in any protection areas of the body becoming unprotected.

4.1.4 The bomb suit arm protection shall incorporate a means of tightening the sleeve at the wrist when on the wearer.

4.1.5 Bomb suits shall be available in at least three distinct sizes.

4.1.6 Bomb suits, including all required accessories, shall have a maximum weight not exceeding the limits specified in Section 4.1.6.1. This weight does not include optional accessories.

4.1.6.1 If three bomb suits are necessary to meet the requirement for three distinct sizes as specified in Section 4.1.5, the maximum weight for each size shall be as follows: 68.0 lb for smallest size, 76.0 lb for midrange size, and 85.0 lb for largest size. If one bomb suit can be adjusted to meet the requirement for three distinct sizes, then the properly adjusted bomb suit shall meet the weight requirements for each corresponding size.

4.1.7 Bomb suits shall incorporate at least two drag rescue devices, one located on each shoulder.

4.1.8 Bomb suits shall have a grounding strap, extending from at least one leg of the bomb suit, for the purpose of preventing electrostatic discharge between the bomb technician and the explosive device.

4.1.8.1 One end of the grounding strap shall have a means for being fastened to the bomb suit and the wearer’s leg or ankle. The opposite end of the grounding strap shall have a means for being fastened to either the optional foot protection or the bomb suit wearer’s duty footwear, such that the strap discharges any electrical charge to ground.

4.1.9 Bomb suits shall have a nondestructive means for incapacitated doffing, such that the bomb suit meets the requirements of Section 5.2.3 and is functional following incapacitated doffing.

4.2 Requirements for Protective Elements of Models

4.2.1 The face shield shall have no blind spot in or partitioning of the field of view.

4.2.2 The face shield may be attached to the helmet using various means of attachment.

4.2.2.1 A face shield that is hinged and flips up shall have a locking mechanism to keep the face shield in the upright position until the wearer disengages the locking mechanism.

4.2.2.2 A face shield that is hinged and flips up shall have a locking mechanism to keep the face shield in the closed/down position until the wearer disengages the locking mechanism.

4.2.3 The helmet shall have a means to achieve a snug, comfortable fit using an adjustable fitting system and/or various helmet sizes.

4.2.4 Spine protection shall be designed to protect the wearer’s spine, from at least the top of the T1 vertebra to at least the bottom of the L5 lumbar vertebra, and shall have a minimum width of 20.3 cm (8 inches).

4.3 Requirements for Accessories of Bomb Suit Models

4.3.1 The supplier shall provide written documentation identifying required and optional accessories.

4.3.2 No optional accessories shall be required to meet the form and fit and performance requirements of this standard.

4.3.3 No required accessories shall interfere with the function of the bomb suit.

Where bomb suits are provided with required accessories that are attached to or integrated with the bomb suit, the bomb suit with required accessories installed shall meet all of the form and fit and performance requirements of this standard.

5. PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS

5.1 Acceptance Criteria for Bomb Suit Models

5.1.1 Bomb suit models shall meet or exceed all applicable performance requirements specified in the categories below:

• Ergonomics (See Section 5.2).

• Optics (See Section 5.3).

• Flammability (See Section 5.4).

• Electrostatic discharge (See Section 5.5).

• Head protection (See Section 5.6).

• Spine protection (See Section 5.7).

• Fragmentation (See Section 5.8).

• Blast integrity (See Section 5.9).

• Drag rescue (See Section 5.10).

• Label durability (See Section 5.11).

• Optional foot protection slip resistance (See Section 5.12).

5.1.2 No specific test sequence is required, but if the supplier opts to use the same helmet samples for tests in Sections 6.26 and 6.28 (as allowed in Section 6.26.1.3), the Section 6.28 testing shall occur first.

5.1.3 Unless the performance requirement is specifically stated as an average result, failure of any individual specimen result to meet the performance requirement shall constitute failing performance.

5.2 Ergonomics RequirementsA for Bomb Suit Models

5.2.1 Bomb suits, including all required accessories, shall be tested for donning time as specified in Section 6.2, Donning and Quick Doffing Test, and each bomb suit size shall have an average assisted donning time of less than 5 minutes.

5.2.2 Bomb suits, including all required accessories, shall be tested for quick doffing time as specified in Section 6.2, Donning and Quick Doffing Test, and each bomb suit size shall have an average quick doffing time of less than 1 minute.

5.2.3 Bomb suits, including all required accessories, shall be tested for incapacitated doffing as specified in Section 6.3, Incapacitated Doffing Test, and for each trial for incapacitated doffing, the test assistant shall remove the bomb suit in less than 2 minutes.

5.2.4 Bomb suits, including all required accessories, shall be tested for static field of view as specified in Section 6.4, Static Field of View Test, and the visual field shall not be less than the values provided in Table 5 below:

Table 5. Static FOV Requirements

Measurement Angle

(degrees)

Superior 21

Super-Nasal, Super-Temporal 29

Nasal, Temporal 44

Infero-Nasal, Infero-Temporal 34

Inferior 40

5.2.5 Bomb suits, including all required accessories, shall be tested for dynamic FOV, head rotation as specified in Section 6.5, Dynamic FOV Test — Head Motion Only, and shall have an average occluded angle for all trials (of a particular size of a specific bomb suit) of no greater than 25 degrees.

5.2.6 Bomb suits, including all required accessories, shall be tested for dynamic FOV and head and body motion as specified in Section 6.6, Dynamic FOV Test – Head and Body Motion, and shall have an average value for all trials (for a particular size of a specific bomb suit) of no less than 30 cm (12 inches) in the backward direction.

5.2.6.1 Bomb suits, including all required accessories, shall be tested as specified in Section 6.7, Coin Recovery Test, and successful completion of the task is required. After locating the coin, it is not required that the subject maintain visual contact with the coin through the face shield throughout the exercise.

Each test subject is required to pass, and failure of one subject to complete the task shall result in a failure for the bomb suit.

5.2.6.2 Bomb suits, including all required accessories, shall be tested as specified in Section 6.8, Lie on Back and Stand Up Test, and each subject shall pass all attempts to complete the task. No protective element shall shift in a way that reduces the protection defined in this document.

5.2.7 Bomb suits, including all required accessories, shall be tested as specified in Section 6.9, Test Course, and the test subject shall successfully complete the course. During navigation of the course, no protective element or component shall shift in a way that reduces the protection or functionality of the bomb suit.

5.2.8 Gross Body Mobility RequirementsA

5.2.8.1 All gross body mobility tests referenced below shall begin with the guidelines specified in Section 6.10, Gross Body Mobility Tests.

5.2.8.2 Bomb suits, including all required accessories, shall be tested for gross body mobility as specified in Section 6.11, Kneel and Rise Test, and the test subject shall be able to rise from the kneeling position without any human assistance and without grasping any object or wall for support.

5.2.8.3 Bomb suits, including all required accessories, shall be tested for gross body mobility as specified in Section 6.12, Upper Arm Abduction Test.

5.2.8.4 Bomb suits, including all required accessories, shall be tested for gross body mobility as specified in Section 6.13, Upper Arm Forward Extension Test.

5.2.8.5 Bomb suits, including all required accessories, shall be tested for gross body mobility as specified in Section 6.14, Upper Arm Backward Extension Test.

5.2.8.6 Bomb suits, including all required accessories, shall be tested for gross body mobility as specified in Section 6.15, Upper Leg Abduction Test.

5.2.8.7 Bomb suits, including all required accessories, shall be tested for gross body mobility as specified in Section 6.16, Upper Leg Flexion Test.

5.2.8.8 Bomb suits, including all required accessories, shall be tested for gross body mobility as specified in Section 6.17, Upper Leg Forward Extension Test.

5.2.8.9 Bomb suits, including all required accessories, shall be tested for gross body mobility as specified in Section 6.18, Upper Leg Backward Extension Test.

5.2.9 Bomb suits, including all required accessories, shall be tested as specified in Section 6.19, Fogging Assessment, and the average Visual Acuity Score (VAS) shall be ≥ 75 points (NIOSH Procedure No. CET-APRS-STP-CBRN 0314, Section 6.1).

5.3 Optics RequirementsA for Bomb Suit Models

5.3.1 Optics requirements for face shields shall be assessed by performing the tests specified in Section 6.20.

5.3.2 Face shields, including any supplier-recommended appliqués, shall be tested as specified in Section 6.21, Distortion Test, and line patterns shall not deviate greater than one line width within the critical vision areas as shown in MIL DTL-43511D, Figure 2.

5.3.3 Face shields, including any supplier-recommended appliqués, shall be tested as specified in Section 6.22, Luminous Transmittance Test, and the luminous transmittance shall not be less than 65% photopic within the critical vision area as described in MIL-DTL-43511D, Section 3.4.

5.3.4 Face shields, including any supplier-recommended appliqués, shall be tested as specified in Section 6.23, Haze Resistance Test, and shall have no more than 4.0% haze within the critical vision areas as described in MIL-DTL 43511D, Section 3.4.

5.3.5 Face shields, including any supplier-recommended appliqués, shall be tested as specified in Section 6.24, Refractive Power Test, and the refractive power shall not exceed ± 0.5 diopters within the critical vision areas as described in MIL-DTL-43511D, Section 3.4.

5.3.6 Face shields, including any supplier-recommended appliqués, shall be tested as specified in Section 6.25, Prismatic Deviation Test. The vertical prismatic deviation for the right eye or left eye shall be no more than 0.25 prism diopters. The vertical prismatic imbalance shall not exceed 0.13 prism diopters along the primary (straight ahead) line of sight. The horizontal prismatic imbalance shall not exceed 3.0 prism diopters BASE OUT or 0.1 prism diopters BASE IN for the primary (straight ahead) line of sight.

5.4 Flammability RequirementsA for Bomb Suit Models

5.4.1 Outer shell materials and helmets shall be tested as specified in Section 6.26, Flammability Test.

5.4.2 Flammability acceptance criteria for outer shell material specimens are specified in Table 6.

Measurement Threshold

Char length 89 mm (3.5 inches)

Afterflame 2.0 seconds

Afterglow 25.0 seconds

Flaming melt drip Not allowed

Measurement Threshold

Afterflame 15.0 seconds

Afterglow 25.0 seconds

Flaming melt drip Not allowed

Visor Remain Attached

Table 6. Flammability Acceptance Criteria for Outer Shell Material Specimens

5.4.3 Flammability acceptance criteria for helmet specimens are specified in Table 7.

Table 7. Flammability Acceptance Criteria for Helmet Specimens

5.5 Electrostatic Discharge Requirements for Bomb Suit Models

5.5.1 Bomb suits, including all required accessories, but excluding the helmet, shall be tested as specified in Section 6.27, Electrostatic Discharge Test. The grounding strap shall have a resistance of greater than 1 MΩ ± 5%.

5.5.2 The grounding strap shall be tested for unintentional detachment during the test specified in Section 5.2.7 and shall not detach or disconnect during the test.

5.6 Head Protection RequirementsA for Bomb Suit Models

5.6.1 Head protection requirements are specified in terms of impact attenuation, perforation resistance and retention system. Head protection shall be tested as specified in Section 6.28, Head Protection Test.

5.6.2 Head protection (without face shields, if detachable) shall be tested for impact attenuation. The following acceleration threshold values for impact attenuation shall not be exceeded:

a) 290 g.

b) 2.0 ms dwell time above 200 g.

c) 4.0 ms dwell time above 150 g.

5.6.3 Head protection (without face shields, if detachable) shall be tested for perforation resistance. As described in clause 12.7.4 of DOT TP-218-06, there shall be no contact between the striker and the surface of the headform at any point above the test line.

5.6.4 Head protection (without face shields, if detachable) shall be tested for the retention system. As described in clause 12.8.3 of DOT TP-218-06, none of the following shall occur:

a) Any separation of the retention system or its components, including the helmet shell, is observed; and/or

b) The retention system moves more than 2.5 cm (1 inch), measured between preliminary and full test load positions.

5.7 Spine Protection RequirementsA for Bomb Suit Models

5.7.1 Spine protection shall be tested as specified in Section 6.29, Spine Protection Test, and the impact attenuation shall not exceed the maximum force value of 4kN.

5.8 Fragmentation Requirements for Bomb Suit Models

5.8.1 Samples representative of all armor types and corresponding protection areas shall be tested as specified in Section 6.30, Fragmentation Test. The bomb suit shall meet the armor type fragmentation requirements specified in Table 8 for each protection area.

5.8.2 For each test projectile and armor type, the calculated V50 ballistic limit of each test sample shall meet or exceed the appropriate value specified in Table 8, subject…