Attachment_11_Americans_with_Disabilities_Act_and_Architectural_Barriers_Act_Guidelines.pdf

Americans with Disabilities Act and Architectural Barriers Act

Accessibility Guidelines

July 23, 2004

U N I T E D S T A T E S A C C E S S B O A R D

A FEDERAL AGENCY COMMITTED TO ACCESSIBLE DESIGN

U N I T E D S T A T E S A C C E S S B O A R D A F E D E R A L A G E N C Y C O M M I T T E D T O A C C E S S I B L E D E S I G N

1331 F Street, N.W. Suite 1000 • Washington, D.C. 20004-1111

(800) 872-2253 (voice) • (800) 993-2822 (TTY) • Fax: (202) 272-0081 Website: www.access-board.gov • E-mail: ta@access-board.gov

Introduction n July 23, 2004 the U.S. Access Board published new design guidelines that cover lic more ell his new design document is the culmination of a comprehensive, decade-long review f s s part of this update, the Board has made its guidelines more consistent with model storic e s he Board’s guidelines serve as the baseline for standards used to enforce the ADA h

O access for people with disabilities under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA).

These guidelines update access requirements for a wide range of facilities in the pub and private sectors covered by the law. They also include updated guidelines for Federal facilities covered by the Architectural Barriers Act (ABA). Both the ADA guidelines and the ABA guidelines, which the Board updated jointly to make them consistent, address access in new construction and alterations and contain scoping provisions, which indicate what has to comply, and technical specifications, which sp out how compliance is to be achieved.

T and update of the Board’s ADA Accessibility Guidelines, which were first published in 1991. Revisions have been made so that the guidelines continue to meet the needs o people with disabilities and keep pace with technological innovations. For example, new provisions for ATMs specify audible output so that people with vision impairment are provided equal access, and reach ranges have been lowered to better serve people who use wheelchairs and persons of short stature. The guidelines also feature a new format and organization and have been extensively edited for greater clarity.

A building codes, such as the International Building Code (IBC), and industry standards.

It coordinated extensively with model code groups and standard-setting bodies throughout the process so that differences could be reconciled. As a result, a hi level of harmonization has been achieved which has brought about improvements to th guidelines as well as to counterpart provisions in the IBC and key industry standards, including those for accessible facilities issued through the American National Standard Institute (ANSI). The Board believes that this achievement will greatly facilitate compliance.

T and the ABA. These standards, which are maintained by other Federal agencies, suc as the U.S. Department of Justice under the ADA, will be updated according to the new guidelines. It is these standards, not the Board’s guidelines, which the public must follow.

Answers to Common Questions About the New ADA-ABA Guidelines

How were the guidelines developed?

The Board organized an advisory committee to review the original guidelines and to recommend changes in order to get input from a cross section of stakeholders at the outset of the process. The ADAAG Review Advisory Committee, which included representation from the design and construction industry, the building code community, and people with disabilities, among others, submitted a report to the Board that detailed recommended revisions to the substance, organization, and format of the guidelines.

The finalized guidelines are based largely on these recommendations. The Board published the guidelines in proposed form in November, 1999 and made them available for public comment for six months. The Board received over 2,500 public comments on its proposal and finalized the guidelines based on this input.

Should the new guidelines be followed at this time?

No. The Board’s guidelines are not mandatory on the public. They serve as the baseline for enforceable standards maintained by other Federal agencies. In this respect, they are similar to a model building code in that they are not required to be followed except as adopted by an enforcing authority. Under the ADA, the Department of Justice (DOJ) (and in the case of transit facilities, the Department of Transportation (DOT)) is responsible for enforceable standards based on the Board’s guidelines.

These agencies will update their ADA standards based on the new guidelines. In doing so, they will indicate when the new standards are to be followed. Several other agencies (the General Services Administration, Department of Defense, Department of Housing and Urban Development, and the U.S. Postal Service) hold a similar responsibility for standards under the ABA.

“Guidelines” … “Standards” … what’s the difference?

Guidelines versus standards … it’s an important distinction under the ADA and ABA.

Guidelines are issued by the Board, standards by designated agencies such as DOJ and DOT. Standards are what the public must follow to comply with the laws; the guidelines are what these agencies must follow in setting or updating their standards.

When the Board issues guidelines, it does not change compliance for the public until the standards are similarly changed and an effective date set.

What standards should be followed at this time under the ADA … the ABA?

The existing standards are to be followed until the effective date of the updated standards. ADA standards issued by DOJ and DOT in 1991 based on the Board’s original ADA Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG) remain the standards to follow at this time. (DOJ’s regulations permit state and local governments the option of using an earlier standard known as the Uniform Federal Accessibility Standards (UFAS) as an alternative.) Under the ABA, UFAS remains the applicable standard until its replacement by new standards based on the Board’s updated guidelines (some Federal agencies have a policy of applying ADAAG in addition to UFAS).

• For public accommodations and commercial facilities subject to title III of the

ADA, the enforceable standards are the ADA Standards for Accessible Design originally published by the Department of Justice on July 26, 1991 (28 CFR Part 36, Appendix A) www.ada.gov/stdspdf.htm

• Facilities subject to title II of the ADA may elect to use one of two standards; the

Uniform Federal Accessibility Standards (UFAS) or, the ADA Standards for Accessible Design (above).

• Transportation Facilities, subject to titles II and III must comply with the

Department of Transportation Standards for Accessible Design (49 CFR Part 37, Appendix A) www.fta.dot.gov/legal/regulations/us_dot/5598_ENG_HTML.htm

• Facilities subject to the Architectural Barriers Act must comply with the Uniform

Federal Accessibility Standards (UFAS) www.access-board.gov/ufas/ufas-html/ufas.htm

When will the standards be updated?

DOJ and DOT will issue notices on the update of their ADA standards that will provide an opportunity for public comment. In doing so, these agencies will address application issues, such as how much lead time to allow in setting an effective date for the new standards. Gauging the turn-around time for this process, which may vary by agency, is often difficult due to the regulatory steps involved. Under the ABA, standard-setting agencies will follow a similar public comment process or an administrative process in updating their ABA standards. The Board will provide updates on the progress made by the ADA and ABA standard-setting agencies through its newsletter, e-mail updates, and its website.

Where can I get further assistance on the new guidelines?

Accessibility specialists at the Access Board are available to assist you by providing guidance on the use of the ADA and ABA Accessibility Guidelines. You can direct your questions to the Board by phone, fax, or e-mail:

(800) 872-2253 (voice)

(800) 993-2822 (TTY)

fax: (202) 272-0081 e-mail: ta@access-board.gov www.access-board.gov

The Access Board is an independent Federal agency committed to design that is accessible to persons with disabilities. Created in 1973 to ensure access to federally funded facilities, the Board is now a leading source of information on accessible design through its development of guidelines and standards.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ADA CHAPTER 1: APPLICATION AND ADMINISTRATION 5

101 Purpose 5 102 Dimensions for Adults and Children 5 103 Equivalent Facilitation 5 104 Conventions 5 105 Referenced Standards 8 106 Definitions 12

ADA CHAPTER 2: SCOPING REQUIREMENTS 18

201 Application 18 202 Existing Buildings and Facilities 18 203 General Exceptions 21 204 Protruding Objects 22 205 Operable Parts 23 206 Accessible Routes 23 207 Accessible Means of Egress 32 208 Parking Spaces 33 209 Passenger Loading Zones and Bus Stops 35 210 Stairways 36 211 Drinking Fountains 36 212 Kitchens, Kitchenettes, and Sinks 37 213 Toilet Facilities and Bathing Facilities 37 214 Washing Machines and Clothes Dryers 38 215 Fire Alarm Systems 39 216 Signs 39 217 Telephones 42 218 Transportation Facilities 44 219 Assistive Listening Systems 44 220 Automatic Teller Machines and Fare Machines 45 221 Assembly Areas 46 222 Dressing, Fitting, and Locker Rooms 49 223 Medical Care and Long-Term Care Facilities 49 224 Transient Lodging Guest Rooms 50 225 Storage 53 226 Dining Surfaces and Work Surfaces 54 227 Sales and Service 55 228 Depositories, Vending Machines, Change Machines, Mail Boxes, and Fuel Dispensers 56 229 Windows 56 230 Two-Way Communication Systems 56 231 Judicial Facilities 57 232 Detention Facilities and Correctional Facilities 57 233 Residential Facilities 59 234 Amusement Rides 62 235 Recreational Boating Facilities 63 236 Exercise Machines and Equipment 65 237 Fishing Piers and Platforms 65 238 Golf Facilities 65 239 Miniature Golf Facilities 66

240 Play Areas 66 241 Saunas and Steam Rooms 70 242 Swimming Pools, Wading Pools, and Spas 70 243 Shooting Facilities with Firing Positions 71

ABA CHAPTER 1: APPLICATION AND ADMINISTRATION 72

F101 Purpose 72 F102 Dimensions for Adults and Children 72 F103 Modifications and Waivers 72 F104 Conventions 72 F105 Referenced Standards 75 F106 Definitions 79

ABA CHAPTER 2: SCOPING REQUIREMENTS 85

F201 Application 85 F202 Existing Buildings and Facilities 85 F203 General Exceptions 89 F204 Protruding Objects 91 F205 Operable Parts 91 F206 Accessible Routes 92 F207 Accessible Means of Egress 100 F208 Parking Spaces 100 F209 Passenger Loading Zones and Bus Stops 103 F210 Stairways 104 F211 Drinking Fountains 104 F212 Kitchens, Kitchenettes, and Sinks 104 F213 Toilet Facilities and Bathing Facilities 105 F214 Washing Machines and Clothes Dryers 106 F215 Fire Alarm Systems 107 F216 Signs 107 F217 Telephones 110 F218 Transportation Facilities 112 F219 Assistive Listening Systems 112 F220 Automatic Teller Machines and Fare Machines 113 F221 Assembly Areas 113 F222 Dressing, Fitting, and Locker Rooms 117 F223 Medical Care and Long-Term Care Facilities 117 F224 Transient Lodging Guest Rooms 118 F225 Storage 121 F226 Dining Surfaces and Work Surfaces 122 F227 Sales and Service 123 F228 Depositories, Vending Machines, Change Machines, Mail Boxes, and Fuel Dispensers 124 F229 Windows 124 F230 Two-Way Communication Systems 125 F231 Judicial Facilities 125 F232 Detention Facilities and Correctional Facilities 126 F233 Residential Facilities 127 F234 Amusement Rides 131 F235 Recreational Boating Facilities 133

F236 Exercise Machines and Equipment 134 F237 Fishing Piers and Platforms 135 F238 Golf Facilities 135 F239 Miniature Golf Facilities 135 F240 Play Areas 136 F241 Saunas and Steam Rooms 139 F242 Swimming Pools, Wading Pools, and Spas 139 F243 Shooting Facilities with Firing Positions 140

CHAPTER 3: BUILDING BLOCKS 141

301 General 141 302 Floor or Ground Surfaces 141 303 Changes in Level 142 304 Turning Space 143 305 Clear Floor or Ground Space 144 306 Knee and Toe Clearance 146 307 Protruding Objects 148 308 Reach Ranges 150 309 Operable Parts 153

CHAPTER 4: ACCESSIBLE ROUTES 154

401 General 154 402 Accessible Routes 154 403 Walking Surfaces 154 404 Doors, Doorways, and Gates 156 405 Ramps 164 406 Curb Ramps 168 407 Elevators 170 408 Limited-Use/Limited-Application Elevators 180 409 Private Residence Elevators 182 410 Platform Lifts 184

CHAPTER 5: GENERAL SITE AND BUILDING ELEMENTS 186

501 General 186 502 Parking Spaces 186 503 Passenger Loading Zones 189 504 Stairways 190 505 Handrails 191

CHAPTER 6: PLUMBING ELEMENTS AND FACILITIES 196

601 General 196 602 Drinking Fountains 196 603 Toilet and Bathing Rooms 197 604 Water Closets and Toilet Compartments 198 605 Urinals 207 606 Lavatories and Sinks 207 607 Bathtubs 208 608 Shower Compartments 211 609 Grab Bars 218

610 Seats 219 611 Washing Machines and Clothes Dryers 222 612 Saunas and Steam Rooms 222

CHAPTER 7: COMMUNICATION ELEMENTS AND FEATURES 223

701 General 223 702 Fire Alarm Systems 223 703 Signs 223 704 Telephones 231 705 Detectable Warnings 233 706 Assistive Listening Systems 234 707 Automatic Teller Machines and Fare Machines 235 708 Two-Way Communication Systems 238

CHAPTER 8: SPECIAL ROOMS, SPACES, AND ELEMENTS 239

801 General 239 802 Wheelchair Spaces, Companion Seats, and Designated Aisle Seats 239 803 Dressing, Fitting, and Locker Rooms 243 804 Kitchens and Kitchenettes 243 805 Medical Care and Long-Term Care Facilities 246 806 Transient Lodging Guest Rooms 247 807 Holding Cells and Housing Cells 248 808 Courtrooms 249 809 Residential Dwelling Units 249 810 Transportation Facilities 251 811 Storage 255

CHAPTER 9: BUILT-IN ELEMENTS 256

901 General 256 902 Dining Surfaces and Work Surfaces 256 903 Benches 256 904 Check-Out Aisles and Sales and Service Counters 257

CHAPTER 10: RECREATION FACILITIES 261

1001 General 261 1002 Amusement Rides 261 1003 Recreational Boating Facilities 265 1004 Exercise Machines and Equipment 270 1005 Fishing Piers and Platforms 271 1006 Golf Facilities 272 1007 Miniature Golf Facilities 273 1008 Play Areas 274 1009 Swimming Pools, Wading Pools, and Spas 279 1010 Shooting Facilities with Firing Positions 289

LIST OF FIGURES AND INDEX 290

AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT: SCOPING ADA CHAPTER 1: APPLICATION AND ADMINISTRATION

ADA CHAPTER 1: APPLICATION AND ADMINISTRATION

101 Purpose

101.1 General. This document contains scoping and technical requirements for accessibility to sites, facilities, buildings, and elements by individuals with disabilities. The requirements are to be applied during the design, construction, additions to, and alteration of sites, facilities, buildings, and elements to the extent required by regulations issued by Federal agencies under the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA).

101.2 Effect on Removal of Barriers in Existing Facilities. This document does not address existing facilities unless altered at the discretion of a covered entity. The Department of Justice has authority over existing facilities that are subject to the requirement for removal of barriers under title III of the ADA.

Any determination that this document applies to existing facilities subject to the barrier removal requirement is solely within the discretion of the Department of Justice and is effective only to the extent required by regulations issued by the Department of Justice.

102 Dimensions for Adults and Children

The technical requirements are based on adult dimensions and anthropometrics. In addition, this document includes technical requirements based on children’s dimensions and anthropometrics for drinking fountains, water closets, toilet compartments, lavatories and sinks, dining surfaces, and work surfaces.

103 Equivalent Facilitation

Nothing in these requirements prevents the use of designs, products, or technologies as alternatives to those prescribed, provided they result in substantially equivalent or greater accessibility and usability.

104 Conventions

104.1 Dimensions. Dimensions that are not stated as “maximum” or “minimum” are absolute.

Advisory 101.1 General. In addition to these requirements, covered entities must comply with the regulations issued by the Department of Justice and the Department of Transportation under the Americans with Disabilities Act. There are issues affecting individuals with disabilities which are not addressed by these requirements, but which are covered by the Department of Justice and the Department of Transportation regulations.

Advisory 103 Equivalent Facilitation. The responsibility for demonstrating equivalent facilitation in the event of a challenge rests with the covered entity. With the exception of transit facilities, which are covered by regulations issued by the Department of Transportation, there is no process for certifying that an alternative design provides equivalent facilitation.

ADA CHAPTER 1: APPLICATION AND ADMINISTRATION AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT: SCOPING

104.1.1 Construction and Manufacturing Tolerances. All dimensions are subject to conventional industry tolerances except where the requirement is stated as a range with specific minimum and maximum end points.

104.2 Calculation of Percentages. Where the required number of elements or facilities to be provided is determined by calculations of ratios or percentages and remainders or fractions result, the next greater whole number of such elements or facilities shall be provided. Where the determination of the required size or dimension of an element or facility involves ratios or percentages, rounding down for values less than one half shall be permitted.

104.3 Figures. Unless specifically stated otherwise, figures are provided for informational purposes only.

Advisory 104.1.1 Construction and Manufacturing Tolerances. Conventional industry tolerances recognized by this provision include those for field conditions and those that may be a necessary consequence of a particular manufacturing process. Recognized tolerances are not intended to apply to design work.

It is good practice when specifying dimensions to avoid specifying a tolerance where dimensions are absolute. For example, if this document requires “1½ inches,” avoid specifying “1½ inches plus or minus X inches.”

Where the requirement states a specified range, such as in Section 609.4 where grab bars must be installed between 33 inches and 36 inches above the floor, the range provides an adequate tolerance and therefore no tolerance outside of the range at either end point is permitted.

Where a requirement is a minimum or a maximum dimension that does not have two specific minimum and maximum end points, tolerances may apply. Where an element is to be installed at the minimum or maximum permitted dimension, such as “15 inches minimum” or “5 pounds maximum”, it would not be good practice to specify “5 pounds (plus X pounds) or 15 inches (minus X inches).” Rather, it would be good practice to specify a dimension less than the required maximum (or more than the required minimum) by the amount of the expected field or manufacturing tolerance and not to state any tolerance in conjunction with the specified dimension.

Specifying dimensions in design in the manner described above will better ensure that facilities and elements accomplish the level of accessibility intended by these requirements.

It will also more often produce an end result of strict and literal compliance with the stated requirements and eliminate enforcement difficulties and issues that might otherwise arise.

Information on specific tolerances may be available from industry or trade organizations, code groups and building officials, and published references.

Figure 104 Graphic Convention for Figures

105 Referenced Standards

105.1 General. The standards listed in 105.2 are incorporated by reference in this document and are part of the requirements to the prescribed extent of each such reference. The Director of the Federal Register has approved these standards for incorporation by reference in accordance with 5 U.S.C.

552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. Copies of the referenced standards may be inspected at the Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board, 1331 F Street, NW, Suite 1000, Washington, DC 20004;

at the Department of Justice, Civil Rights Division, Disability Rights Section, 1425 New York Avenue, NW, Washington, DC; at the Department of Transportation, 400 Seventh Street, SW, Room 10424, Washington DC; or at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call (202) 741-6030, or go to http://www.archives.gov/ federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html.

105.2 Referenced Standards. The specific edition of the standards listed below are referenced in this document. Where differences occur between this document and the referenced standards, this document applies.

105.2.1 ANSI/BHMA. Copies of the referenced standards may be obtained from the Builders Hardware Manufacturers Association, 355 Lexington Avenue, 17th floor, New York, NY 10017 (http:/ /www.buildershardware.com).

ANSI/BHMA A156.10-1999 American National Standard for Power Operated Pedestrian Doors (see 404.3).

ANSI/BHMA A156.19-1997 American National Standard for Power Assist and Low Energy Power Operated Doors (see 404.3, 408.3.2.1, and 409.3.1).

ANSI/BHMA A156.19-2002 American National Standard for Power Assist and Low Energy Power Operated Doors (see 404.3, 408.3.2.1, and 409.3.1).

105.2.2 ASME. Copies of the referenced standards may be obtained from the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Three Park Avenue, New York, New York 10016 (http://www.asme.org).

ASME A17.1- 2000 Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators, including ASME A17.1a-2002 Addenda and ASME A17.1b-2003 Addenda (see 407.1, 408.1, 409.1, and 810.9).

ASME A18.1-1999 Safety Standard for Platform Lifts and Stairway Chairlifts, including ASME A18.1a-2001 Addenda and ASME A18.1b-2001 Addenda (see 410.1).

Advisory 105.2.1 ANSI/BHMA. ANSI/BHMA A156.10-1999 applies to power operated doors for pedestrian use which open automatically when approached by pedestrians.

Included are provisions intended to reduce the chance of user injury or entrapment.

ANSI/BHMA A156.19-1997 and A156.19-2002 applies to power assist doors, low energy power operated doors or low energy power open doors for pedestrian use not provided for in ANSI/BHMA A156.10 for Power Operated Pedestrian Doors. Included are provisions intended to reduce the chance of user injury or entrapment.

ASME A18.1-2003 Safety Standard for Platform Lifts and Stairway Chairlifts, (see 410.1).

105.2.3 ASTM. Copies of the referenced standards may be obtained from the American Society for Testing and Materials, 100 Bar Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania 19428 (http:// www.astm.org).

Advisory 105.2.2 ASME. ASME A17.1-2000 is used by local jurisdictions throughout the United States for the design, construction, installation, operation, inspection, testing, maintenance, alteration, and repair of elevators and escalators. The majority of the requirements apply to the operational machinery not seen or used by elevator passengers.

ASME A17.1 requires a two-way means of emergency communications in passenger elevators. This means of communication must connect with emergency or authorized personnel and not an automated answering system. The communication system must be push button activated. The activation button must be permanently identified with the word “HELP.” A visual indication acknowledging the establishment of a communications link to authorized personnel must be provided. The visual indication must remain on until the call is terminated by authorized personnel. The building location, the elevator car number, and the need for assistance must be provided to authorized personnel answering the emergency call. The use of a handset by the communications system is prohibited. Only the authorized personnel answering the call can terminate the call. Operating instructions for the communications system must be provided in the elevator car.

The provisions for escalators require that at least two flat steps be provided at the entrance and exit of every escalator and that steps on escalators be demarcated by yellow lines 2 inches wide maximum along the back and sides of steps.

ASME A18.1-1999 and ASME A18.1-2003 address the design, construction, installation, operation, inspection, testing, maintenance and repair of lifts that are intended for transportation of persons with disabilities. Lifts are classified as: vertical platform lifts, inclined platform lifts, inclined stairway chairlifts, private residence vertical platform lifts, private residence inclined platform lifts, and private residence inclined stairway chairlifts.

This document does not permit the use of inclined stairway chairlifts which do not provide platforms because such lifts require the user to transfer to a seat.

ASME A18.1 contains requirements for runways, which are the spaces in which platforms or seats move. The standard includes additional provisions for runway enclosures, electrical equipment and wiring, structural support, headroom clearance (which is 80 inches minimum), lower level access ramps and pits. The enclosure walls not used for entry or exit are required to have a grab bar the full length of the wall on platform lifts. Access ramps are required to meet requirements similar to those for ramps in Chapter 4 of this document.

Each of the lift types addressed in ASME A18.1 must meet requirements for capacity, load, speed, travel, operating devices, and control equipment. The maximum permitted height for operable parts is consistent with Section 308 of this document. The standard also addresses attendant operation. However, Section 410.1 of this document does not permit attendant operation.

ASTM F 1292-99 Standard Specification for Impact Attenuation of Surface Systems Under and Around Playground Equipment (see 1008.2.6.2).

ASTM F 1292-04 Standard Specification for Impact Attenuation of Surfacing Materials Within the Use Zone of Playground Equipment (see 1008.2.6.2).

ASTM F 1487-01 Standard Consumer Safety Performance Specification for Playground Equipment for Public Use (see 106.5).

ASTM F 1951-99 Standard Specification for Determination of Accessibility of Surface Systems Under and Around Playground Equipment (see 1008.2.6.1).

105.2.4 ICC/IBC. Copies of the referenced standard may be obtained from the International Code Council, 5203 Leesburg Pike, Suite 600, Falls Church, Virginia 22041 (www.iccsafe.org).

International Building Code, 2000 Edition (see 207.1, 207.2, 216.4.2, 216.4.3, and 1005.2.1).

Advisory 105.2.3 ASTM. ASTM F 1292-99 and ASTM F 1292-04 establish a uniform means to measure and compare characteristics of surfacing materials to determine whether materials provide a safe surface under and around playground equipment. These standards are referenced in the play areas requirements of this document when an accessible surface is required inside a play area use zone where a fall attenuating surface is also required. The standards cover the minimum impact attenuation requirements, when tested in accordance with Test Method F 355, for surface systems to be used under and around any piece of playground equipment from which a person may fall.

ASTM F 1487-01 establishes a nationally recognized safety standard for public playground equipment to address injuries identified by the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission.

It defines the use zone, which is the ground area beneath and immediately adjacent to a play structure or play equipment designed for unrestricted circulation around the equipment and on whose surface it is predicted that a user would land when falling from or exiting a play structure or equipment. The play areas requirements in this document reference the ASTM F 1487 standard when defining accessible routes that overlap use zones requiring fall attenuating surfaces. If the use zone of a playground is not entirely surfaced with an accessible material, at least one accessible route within the use zone must be provided from the perimeter to all accessible play structures or components within the playground.

ASTM F 1951-99 establishes a uniform means to measure the characteristics of surface systems in order to provide performance specifications to select materials for use as an accessible surface under and around playground equipment. Surface materials that comply with this standard and are located in the use zone must also comply with ASTM F 1292.

The test methods in this standard address access for children and adults who may traverse the surfacing to aid children who are playing. When a surface is tested it must have an average work per foot value for straight propulsion and for turning less than the average work per foot values for straight propulsion and for turning, respectively, on a hard, smooth surface with a grade of 7% (1:14).

International Building Code, 2001 Supplement (see 207.1 and 207.2).

International Building Code, 2003 Edition (see 207.1, 207.2, 216.4.2, 216.4.3, and 1005.2.1).

105.2.5 NFPA. Copies of the referenced standards may be obtained from the National Fire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, Massachusetts 02169-7471, (http:// www.nfpa.org).

NFPA 72 National Fire Alarm Code, 1999 Edition (see 702.1 and 809.5.2).

NFPA 72 National Fire Alarm Code, 2002 Edition (see 702.1 and 809.5.2).

Advisory 105.2.4 ICC/IBC. International Building Code (IBC)-2000 (including 2001 Supplement to the International Codes) and IBC-2003 are referenced for means of egress, areas of refuge, and railings provided on fishing piers and platforms. At least one accessible means of egress is required for every accessible space and at least two accessible means of egress are required where more than one means of egress is required.

The technical criteria for accessible means of egress allow the use of exit stairways and evacuation elevators when provided in conjunction with horizontal exits or areas of refuge.

While typical elevators are not designed to be used during an emergency evacuation, evacuation elevators are designed with standby power and other features according to the elevator safety standard and can be used for the evacuation of individuals with disabilities.

The IBC also provides requirements for areas of refuge, which are fire-rated spaces on levels above or below the exit discharge levels where people unable to use stairs can go to register a call for assistance and wait for evacuation.

The recreation facilities requirements of this document references two sections in the IBC for fishing piers and platforms. An exception addresses the height of the railings, guards, or handrails where a fishing pier or platform is required to include a guard, railing, or handrail higher than 34 inches (865 mm) above the ground or deck surface.

Advisory 105.2.5 NFPA. NFPA 72-1999 and NFPA 72-2002 address the application, installation, performance, and maintenance of protective signaling systems and their components. The NFPA 72 incorporates Underwriters Laboratory (UL) 1971 by reference.

The standard specifies the characteristics of audible alarms, such as placement and sound levels. However, Section 702 of these requirements limits the volume of an audible alarm to 110 dBA, rather than the maximum 120 dBA permitted by NFPA 72-1999.

NFPA 72 specifies characteristics for visible alarms, such as flash frequency, color, intensity, placement, and synchronization. However, Section 702 of this document requires that visual alarm appliances be permanently installed. UL 1971 specifies intensity dispersion requirements for visible alarms. In particular, NFPA 72 requires visible alarms to have a light source that is clear or white and has polar dispersion complying with UL 1971.

106 Definitions

106.1 General. For the purpose of this document, the terms defined in 106.5 have the indicated meaning.

106.2 Terms Defined in Referenced Standards. Terms not defined in 106.5 or in regulations issued by the Department of Justice and the Department of Transportation to implement the Americans with Disabilities Act, but specifically defined in a referenced standard, shall have the specified meaning from the referenced standard unless otherwise stated.

106.3 Undefined Terms. The meaning of terms not specifically defined in 106.5 or in regulations issued by the Department of Justice and the Department of Transportation to implement the Americans with Disabilities Act or in referenced standards shall be as defined by collegiate dictionaries in the sense that the context implies.

106.4 Interchangeability. Words, terms and phrases used in the singular include the plural and those used in the plural include the singular.

106.5 Defined Terms.

Accessible. A site, building, facility, or portion thereof that complies with this part.

Accessible Means of Egress. A continuous and unobstructed way of egress travel from any point in a building or facility that provides an accessible route to an area of refuge, a horizontal exit, or a public way.

Addition. An expansion, extension, or increase in the gross floor area or height of a building or facility.

Administrative Authority. A governmental agency that adopts or enforces regulations and guidelines for the design, construction, or alteration of buildings and facilities.

Alteration. A change to a building or facility that affects or could affect the usability of the building or facility or portion thereof. Alterations include, but are not limited to, remodeling, renovation, rehabilitation, reconstruction, historic restoration, resurfacing of circulation paths or vehicular ways, changes or rearrangement of the structural parts or elements, and changes or rearrangement in the plan configuration of walls and full-height partitions. Normal maintenance, reroofing, painting or wallpapering, or changes to mechanical and electrical systems are not alterations unless they affect the usability of the building or facility.

Amusement Attraction. Any facility, or portion of a facility, located within an amusement park or theme park which provides amusement without the use of an amusement device. Amusement attractions include, but are not limited to, fun houses, barrels, and other attractions without seats.

Advisory 106.1 General. Terms defined in Section 106.5 are italicized in the text of this document.

Amusement Ride. A system that moves persons through a fixed course within a defined area for the purpose of amusement.

Amusement Ride Seat. A seat that is built-in or mechanically fastened to an amusement ride intended to be occupied by one or more passengers.

Area of Sport Activity. That portion of a room or space where the play or practice of a sport occurs.

Assembly Area. A building or facility, or portion thereof, used for the purpose of entertainment, educational or civic gatherings, or similar purposes. For the purposes of these requirements, assembly areas include, but are not limited to, classrooms, lecture halls, courtrooms, public meeting rooms, public hearing rooms, legislative chambers, motion picture houses, auditoria, theaters, playhouses, dinner theaters, concert halls, centers for the performing arts, amphitheaters, arenas, stadiums, grandstands, or convention centers.

Assistive Listening System (ALS). An amplification system utilizing transmitters, receivers, and coupling devices to bypass the acoustical space between a sound source and a listener by means of induction loop, radio frequency, infrared, or direct-wired equipment.

Boarding Pier. A portion of a pier where a boat is temporarily secured for the purpose of embarking or disembarking.

Boat Launch Ramp. A sloped surface designed for launching and retrieving trailered boats and other water craft to and from a body of water.

Boat Slip. That portion of a pier, main pier, finger pier, or float where a boat is moored for the purpose of berthing, embarking, or disembarking.

Building. Any structure used or intended for supporting or sheltering any use or occupancy.

Catch Pool. A pool or designated section of a pool used as a terminus for water slide flumes.

Characters. Letters, numbers, punctuation marks and typographic symbols.

Children’s Use. Describes spaces and elements specifically designed for use primarily by people 12 years old and younger.

Circulation Path. An exterior or interior way of passage provided for pedestrian travel, including but not limited to, walks, hallways, courtyards, elevators, platform lifts, ramps, stairways, and landings.

Closed-Circuit Telephone. A telephone with a dedicated line such as a house phone, courtesy phone or phone that must be used to gain entry to a facility.

Common Use. Interior or exterior circulation paths, rooms, spaces, or elements that are not for public use and are made available for the shared use of two or more people.

Cross Slope. The slope that is perpendicular to the direction of travel (see running slope).

Curb Ramp. A short ramp cutting through a curb or built up to it.

Detectable Warning. A standardized surface feature built in or applied to walking surfaces or other elements to warn of hazards on a circulation path.

Element. An architectural or mechanical component of a building, facility, space, or site.

Elevated Play Component. A play component that is approached above or below grade and that is part of a composite play structure consisting of two or more play components attached or functionally linked to create an integrated unit providing more than one play activity.

Employee Work Area. All or any portion of a space used only by employees and used only for work.

Corridors, toilet rooms, kitchenettes and break rooms are not employee work areas.

Entrance. Any access point to a building or portion of a building or facility used for the purpose of entering. An entrance includes the approach walk, the vertical access leading to the entrance platform, the entrance platform itself, vestibule if provided, the entry door or gate, and the hardware of the entry door or gate.

Facility. All or any portion of buildings, structures, site improvements, elements, and pedestrian routes or vehicular ways located on a site.

Gangway. A variable-sloped pedestrian walkway that links a fixed structure or land with a floating structure. Gangways that connect to vessels are not addressed by this document.

Golf Car Passage. A continuous passage on which a motorized golf car can operate.

Ground Level Play Component. A play component that is approached and exited at the ground level.

Key Station. Rapid and light rail stations, and commuter rail stations, as defined under criteria established by the Department of Transportation in 49 CFR 37.47 and 49 CFR 37.51, respectively.

Mail Boxes. Receptacles for the receipt of documents, packages, or other deliverable matter. Mail boxes include, but are not limited to, post office boxes and receptacles provided by commercial mail-receiving agencies, apartment facilities, or schools.

Marked Crossing. A crosswalk or other identified path intended for pedestrian use in crossing a vehicular way.

Mezzanine. An intermediate level or levels between the floor and ceiling of any story with an aggregate floor area of not more than one-third of the area of the room or space in which the level or levels are located. Mezzanines have sufficient elevation that space for human occupancy can be provided on the floor below.

Occupant Load. The number of persons for which the means of egress of a building or portion of a building is designed.

Operable Part. A component of an element used to insert or withdraw objects, or to activate, deactivate, or adjust the element.

Pictogram. A pictorial symbol that represents activities, facilities, or concepts.

Play Area. A portion of a site containing play components designed and constructed for children.

Play Component. An element intended to generate specific opportunities for play, socialization, or learning. Play components are manufactured or natural; and are stand-alone or part of a composite play structure.

Private Building or Facility. A place of public accommodation or a commercial building or facility subject to title III of the ADA and 28 CFR part 36 or a transportation building or facility subject to title III of the ADA and 49 CFR 37.45.

Public Building or Facility. A building or facility or portion of a building or facility designed, constructed, or altered by, on behalf of, or for the use of a public entity subject to title II of the ADA and 28 CFR part 35 or to title II of the ADA and 49 CFR 37.41 or 37.43.

Public Entrance. An entrance that is not a service entrance or a restricted entrance.

Public Use. Interior or exterior rooms, spaces, or elements that are made available to the public.

Public use may be provided at a building or facility that is privately or publicly owned.

Public Way. Any street, alley or other parcel of land open to the outside air leading to a public street, which has been deeded, dedicated or otherwise permanently appropriated to the public for public use and which has a clear width and height of not less than 10 feet (3050 mm).

Qualified Historic Building or Facility. A building or facility that is listed in or eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places, or designated as historic under an appropriate State or local law.

Ramp. A walking surface that has a running slope steeper than 1:20.

Residential Dwelling Unit. A unit intended to be used as a residence, that is primarily long-term in nature. Residential dwelling units do not include transient lodging, inpatient medical care, licensed long-term care, and detention or correctional facilities.

Restricted Entrance. An entrance that is made available for common use on a controlled basis but not public use and that is not a service entrance.

Running Slope. The slope that is parallel to the direction of travel (see cross slope).

Self-Service Storage. Building or facility designed and used for the purpose of renting or leasing individual storage spaces to customers for the purpose of storing and removing personal property on a self-service basis.

Service Entrance. An entrance intended primarily for delivery of goods or services.

Site. A parcel of land bounded by a property line or a designated portion of a public right-of-way.

Soft Contained Play Structure. A play structure made up of one or more play components where the user enters a fully enclosed play environment that utilizes pliable materials, such as plastic, netting, or fabric.

Space. A definable area, such as a room, toilet room, hall, assembly area, entrance, storage room, alcove, courtyard, or lobby.

Story. That portion of a building or facility designed for human occupancy included between the upper surface of a floor and upper surface of the floor or roof next above. A story containing one or more mezzanines has more than one floor level.

Structural Frame. The columns and the girders, beams, and trusses having direct connections to the columns and all other members that are essential to the stability of the building or facility as a whole.

Tactile. An object that can be perceived using the sense of touch.

Technically Infeasible. With respect to an alteration of a building or a facility, something that has little likelihood of being accomplished because existing structural conditions would require removing or altering a load-bearing member that is an essential part of the structural frame; or because other existing physical or site constraints prohibit modification or addition of elements, spaces, or features that are in full and strict compliance with the minimum requirements.

Teeing Ground. In golf, the starting place for the hole to be played.

Transfer Device. Equipment designed to facilitate the transfer of a person from a wheelchair or other mobility aid to and from an amusement ride seat.

Transient Lodging. A building or facility containing one or more guest room(s) for sleeping that provides accommodations that are primarily short-term in nature. Transient lodging does not include residential dwelling units intended to be used as a residence, inpatient medical care facilities, licensed long-term care facilities, detention or correctional facilities, or private buildings or facilities that contain not more than five rooms for rent or hire and that are actually occupied by the proprietor as the residence of such proprietor.

Transition Plate. A sloping pedestrian walking surface located at the end(s) of a gangway.

TTY. An abbreviation for teletypewriter. Machinery that employs interactive text-based communication through the transmission of coded signals across the telephone network. TTYs may include, for example, devices known as TDDs (telecommunication display devices or telecommunication devices for deaf persons) or computers with special modems. TTYs are also called text telephones.

Use Zone. The ground level area beneath and immediately adjacent to a play structure or play equipment that is designated by ASTM F 1487 (incorporated by reference, see “Referenced Standards” in Chapter 1) for unrestricted circulation around the play equipment and where it is predicted that a user would land when falling from or exiting the play equipment.

Vehicular Way. A route provided for vehicular traffic, such as in a street, driveway, or parking facility.

Walk. An exterior prepared surface for pedestrian use, including pedestrian areas such as plazas and courts.

Wheelchair Space. Space for a single wheelchair and its occupant.

Work Area Equipment. Any machine, instrument, engine, motor, pump, conveyor, or other apparatus used to perform work. As used in this document, this term shall apply only to equipment that is permanently installed or built-in in employee work areas. Work area equipment does not include passenger elevators and other accessible means of vertical transportation.

ADA CHAPTER 2: SCOPING REQUIREMENTS AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT: SCOPING

ADA CHAPTER 2: SCOPING REQUIREMENTS

201 Application

201.1 Scope. All areas of newly designed and newly constructed buildings and facilities and altered portions of existing buildings and facilities shall comply with these requirements.

201.2 Application Based on Building or Facility Use. Where a site, building, facility, room, or space contains more than one use, each portion shall comply with the applicable requirements for that use.

201.3 Temporary and Permanent Structures. These requirements shall apply to temporary and permanent buildings and facilities.

202 Existing Buildings and Facilities

202.1 General. Additions and alterations to existing buildings or facilities shall comply with 202.

202.2 Additions. Each addition to an existing building or facility shall comply with the requirements for new construction. Each addition that affects or could affect the usability of or access to an area containing a primary function shall comply with 202.4.

202.3 Alterations. Where existing elements or spaces are altered, each altered element or space shall comply with the applicable requirements of Chapter 2.

EXCEPTIONS: 1. Unless required by 202.4, where elements or spaces are altered and the circulation path to the altered element or space is not altered, an accessible route shall not be required.

2. In alterations, where compliance with applicable requirements is technically infeasible, the alteration shall comply with the requirements to the maximum extent feasible.

Advisory 201.1 Scope. These requirements are to be applied to all areas of a facility unless exempted, or where scoping limits the number of multiple elements required to be accessible. For example, not all medical care patient rooms are required to be accessible;

those that are not required to be accessible are not required to comply with these requirements. However, common use and public use spaces such as recovery rooms, examination rooms, and cafeterias are not exempt from these requirements and must be accessible.

Advisory 201.3 Temporary and Permanent Structures. Temporary buildings or facilities covered by these requirements include, but are not limited to, reviewing stands, temporary classrooms, bleacher areas, stages, platforms and daises, fixed furniture systems, wall systems, and exhibit areas, temporary banking facilities, and temporary health screening facilities. Structures and equipment directly associated with the actual processes of construction are not required to be accessible as permitted in 203.2.

AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT: SCOPING ADA CHAPTER 2: SCOPING REQUIREMENTS

3. Residential dwelling units not required to be accessible in compliance with a standard issued pursuant to the Americans with Disabilities Act or Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended, shall not be required to comply with 202.3.

202.3.1 Prohibited Reduction in Access. An alteration that decreases or has the effect of decreasing the accessibility of a building or facility below the requirements for new construction at the time of the alteration is prohibited.

202.3.2 Extent of Application. An alteration of an existing element, space, or area of a building or facility shall not impose a requirement for accessibility greater than required for new construction.

202.4 Alterations Affecting Primary Function Areas. In addition to the requirements of 202.3, an alteration that affects or could affect the usability of or access to an area containing a primary function shall be made so as to ensure that, to the maximum extent feasible, the path of travel to the altered area, including the rest rooms, telephones, and drinking fountains serving the altered area, are readily accessible to and usable by individuals with disabilities, unless such alterations are disproportionate to the overall alterations in terms of cost and scope as determined under criteria established by the Attorney General. In existing transportation facilities, an area of primary function shall be as defined under regulations published by the Secretary of the Department of Transportation or the Attorney General.

EXCEPTION: Residential dwelling units shall not be required to comply with 202.4.

Advisory 202.3…