Attachment 1 - SOW for BAFS Archaeological Monitoring COMM TO ECP AND B540-B508.pdf

STATEMENT OF WORK

ARCHAEOLOGICAL MONITORING SERVICES FOR

COMMUNICATIONS CONDUIT INSTALLATION PROJECT, WAIMANALO, HI

Communications Line to Entry Control Point (ECP)

BELLOWS AIR FORCE STATION (BAFS)

WAIMANALO, HAWAII

17 October 2019

5 MAY 2020

17 Oct 2019 - 5 May 2020

1.0 GENERAL INFORMATION

1.1 INTRODUCTION

The purpose of this Statement of Work (SOW) is to obtain, in a timely manner, archaeological monitoring services for TWO (2) Communications Conduit Installation Projects located at Bellows Air Force Stations (BAFS) in Waimanalo, HI. The subject projects are referred to as the Communications Line to Entry Control Point (ECP) Project, and the Communications Line to Buildings 540 and 508 Project.

1.2 BACKGROUND

1.2.1 Communications Line to ECP Project

The Air Force proposes to extend underground fiber optic communication line to one support facility. The scope of work is to distribute new underground fiber optic cable and associated conduit to the ECP (Building 108). The project involves approximately 1,577 linear feet of ground disturbance (trench to be 3 feet deep and 1.5 feet wide). The area of potential effect (APE) has been defined and the Air Force has consulted with the State Historic Preservation District (SHPD) seeking concurrence on a finding of no adverse effect on historic properties pursuant to 36 CFR 800.5. Section 106 cover letter and attachments were signed 9 Mar 20; sent to SHPD and NHOs on 11 Mar 20; SHPD dated return receipt 13 Mar 20. The SHPD 30 day period ended 13 Apr 20. SHPD and NHOs did not provide any comments. Concurrence is assumed and AFIMSC concurred with this assessment on 8 June 2020. Attachment A provides a map of the project area. An archaeological monitoring plan (AMP) for the subject project is to be drafted and submitted for concurrence by the SHPD in advance of construction activities under this contract.

1.2.2 Communications Line to BLDG. 540 and BLDG. 508 Project

The Air Force proposes to extend underground fiber optic communication line to one support facility. The scope of work is to distribute new underground fiber optic cable and associated conduit to the Logistics Building (Bldg. 540) and Laundry Facility (Bldg. 508). The Air Force proposes to extend the underground fiber optic communication line to two support facilities.

Fiber optic line from Building 546 (CE Building) will be extended eastward to Bldg. 540 and Bldg. 508. From Bldg. 546 the proposed route crosses existing pavement/parking to access Bldg. 540. From Bldg. 540 to Bldg. 508 conduit is already in place and fiber optic line can be pulled and placed within the conduit from Bldg. 540 to Bldg. 508 without ground disturbance.

Trench dimensions for the fiber optic cable installation will be: 2 ft deep, 1.5 ft wide, 800 linear ft length. The maximum total surface area disturbed is 1,200 ft2 and volume of excavated soil is approx. 2,400 ft3. Attachment C provides the proposed route of the project. Attachment D shows the proposed project relative to known archaeological sites. The proposed route runs along the shoulder right-of-way of existing roads to avoid known archaeological resources. The area of potential effect (APE) has been defined and the Air Force concluded consultation with the State

Historic Preservation District (SHPD), who concurred with the finding of no adverse effect on historic properties pursuant to 36 CFR 800.5, provided that the following conditions are met:

1. An Archaeological Monitoring Plan is submitted to review and acceptance prior to the project undertaking proceeding;

2. Following SHPD’s acceptance of the monitoring plan, archaeological monitoring of all ground disturbing activities will be conducted by a qualified archaeologist to ensure that any cultural properties encountered are properly identified and documented, and;

3. In the even human remains are inadvertently discovered, all work will immediately cease in the vicinity with the find protected from additional disturbance, and all procedures and stipulations outlined in NAGPRA shall be followed, An archaeological monitoring plan (AMP) for the subject project was received by SHPD on 4 October 2017. SHPD did not respond and was requested to provide acceptance in an email dated 27 October 2017. No response was received by the requested deadline of 3 November 2017, and SHPD concurrence with the AMP was assumed. See Attachment E for Archaeological Monitoring Plan.

1.2.3 Applicable Regulations

The contractor shall comply with all DOD and AF directives, instructions, regulations, policies, and other documents in effect on the date of issuance of this contract and cited below:

Archeology and Historic Preservation: Secretary of Interior’s Standards and Guidelines National Historic Preservation Act, Section 106 36 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 800; Protection of Historic Properties Air Force Instruction (AFI) 32-7065 Cultural Resource Management Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA)

NEPA and Section 106 documents will be provided on request for preparation of the proposal.

2.0 PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATIONS

Contractor must meet a series of minimum requirements in accordance with the Secretary of Interior’s Professional Qualifications, 36 CFR Part 61. The Principal Investigator for this project must hold a minimum MA/MS (or higher) in Archaeology, Anthropology or a closely related field and meets the United States Secretary of Interior’s Professional Qualifications Standards for archaeologists (36 CFR 61). Individual must be knowledgeable in Hawaii state requirements for culture and history. All excavation activities at BAFS must be monitored by qualified archaeologists.

3.0 SCOPE OF WORK ARCHAEOLOGICAL SERVICES

Under the provisions of this SOW, the contractor will accomplish the following tasks for BAFS.

3.1 TASK 1: ARCHAEOLOGICAL SERVICES FOR COMMUNICATION LINE TO

ENTRY CONTROL POINT (ECP)

3.1.1 ARCHAEOLOGICAL MONITORING PLAN

The contractor shall prepare an archaeological monitoring plan per Hawaii SHPD requirements (HAR Chapter 13-279-4) for the Communications Line to ECP Project. The subject project involves approximately 1,577 linear feet of conduit installation within areas of varying probability for encountering cultural resources.

3.1.2 ON-SITE MONITORING

The contractor shall provide archaeological monitoring during all ground disturbing construction activities, i.e. trenching. Contractor proposal to utilize the following assumptions:

Five (5) eight (8)-hour days of monitoring for the Communications Line to ECP Project Trenching to be performed using a mini-excavator Contingency fees and expenses in the event sacred cultural items or cultural deposits are discovered during construction are not to be included within the on-site monitoring fee proposal.

3.1.3 ARCHAEOLOGICAL MONITORING REPORT

The contractor shall prepare an archaeological monitoring report that documents all monitoring results per SHPD requirements (HAR Chapter 13-279-5).

3.1.4 DELIVERABLES

3.1.4.1 Draft Archaeological Monitoring Plan – An archaeological monitoring plan will be prepared, reviewed and accepted per SHPD requirements (HAR Chapter 13-279-4) for the Communications Line to ECP Project within 14 calendar days of award.

3.1.4.2 Final Archaeological Monitoring Plan – The Contractor shall incorporate all Air Force-approved draft comments within 7 days of receipt of comments. BAFS POC to submit final archaeological monitoring plan to SHPD for concurrence.

3.1.4.3 Draft Archaeological Monitoring Report – An archaeological monitoring report that documents all monitoring results will be prepared, reviewed and accepted per SHPD requirements (HAR Chapter 13-279-5) within 90 days of conclusion of monitoring.

3.1.4.4 Final Archaeological Monitoring Reports – The Contractor shall incorporate all Air Force-approved draft comments within 14 days of receipt of comments.

3.1.5 FINAL REPORT FORMAT

All final documents will be submitted to the COR and BAFS POC electronically in Microsoft word and Adobe format.

3.2 TASK 2: ARCHAEOLOGICAL SERVICES FOR COMMUNICATION LINE TO

BUILDINGS 540 AND 508

3.2.1 ARCHAEOLOGICAL MONITORING PLAN

The contractor shall implement the archaeological monitoring plan for the Communications Line to BLDG. 540 and BLDG. 508 Project as provided in Attachment E. The subject project involves a maximum of 800 linear feet of conduit installation within areas of varying probability for encountering cultural resources.

3.2.2 ON-SITE MONITORING

The contractor shall provide archaeological monitoring during all ground disturbing construction activities, i.e. trenching. Contractor proposal to utilize the following assumptions:

Three (3) eight (8)-hour days of monitoring for the Communications Line to BLDG. 540 and BLDG. 508 Project

Trenching to be performed using a mini-excavator Contingency fees and expenses in the event sacred cultural items or cultural deposits are discovered during construction are not to be included within the on-site monitoring fee proposal.

3.2.3 ARCHAEOLOGICAL MONITORING REPORT

The contractor shall prepare an archaeological monitoring report that documents all monitoring results per SHPD requirements (HAR Chapter 13-279-5).

3.2.4 DELIVERABLES

3.2.4.1 Draft Archaeological Monitoring Report – An archaeological monitoring report that documents all monitoring results will be prepared, reviewed and accepted per SHPD requirements (HAR Chapter 13-279-5) within 90 days of conclusion of monitoring.

3.2.4.2 Final Archaeological Monitoring Reports – The Contractor shall incorporate all Air Force-approved draft comments within 14 days of receipt of comments.

3.2.5 FINAL REPORT FORMAT

All final documents will be submitted to the COR and BAFS POC electronically in Microsoft word and Adobe format.

4.0 SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS

4.1 The COR and BAFS POC shall coordinate with the contractor for scheduling monitoring efforts in support of the subject projects.

4.2 Pre-coordination of data needs must be accomplished through the COR and BAFS POC. No contacts with federal, state, or other agencies/groups e.g., SHPD, ACOE, state natural resources agencies, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency will be made without the prior approval from the COR and BAFS POC.

4.3 The installation will provide all necessary base permits, passes, and escorts required to conduct work on BAFS. Entry/Access – Contractor will be required to submit a list of personnel (first name, last name, middle initial, date of birth, gender, citizenship, driver’s license number or state id number, and social security number or passport number) to conduct above work to COR and BAFS POC at least 7 days prior to start of work for entry onto BAFS. The BAFS POC will submit names to BAFS Security Forces for review and approval of access to BAFS.

5.0 INSTALLATION POC

Angelia Binder 515 Tinker Road, B515 Bellows AFS Waimanalo, HI 96795 Cell 208-866-6895 Work 808-789-9701

Attachment C: Proposed Route to Extend Underground Fiber Optic Communication Line

1239717310C

Polygonal Line

Text Box

Archaeological Monitoring of Underground Communication Line Placement

ATTACHMENT D: Location APE of Proposed “Extend Underground Fiber Optic Communication Line” relative to Known Archaeological Site at Bellows AFS

Bellows AFS Boundary Extend Underground Fiber Optic Communication Cable Archaeological Area

Slide Number 1

MATERIAL APPROVAL SUBMITTAL

(See Instructions on Reverse)

Form Approved OMB No 9000-0062 Expires Apr 30, 1993

Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 20 minutes per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to the Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directories for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project OMB No 9000-0062, Washington DC 20503.

Please DO NOT RETUTN your form to either of these addresses. Send your completed form to: SAF/AQCO, Pentagon, Washington DC 20330-1000.

TO: (Contracting Officer)

Rhonda J. Chavez FROM: (Contractor)

Weston Solutions, Inc.

DATE

22 June 2016

CONTRACT NUMBER

FA3002-08-D-0023

SUBMISSION NUMBER

006a

SUBMITTAL

NEW RESUBMITTAL

PREVIOUS SUBMISSION NUMBER

PROJECT NUMBER

TG06 – Replace Utility Poles, Bellows AFS, Hawaii

TO BE COMPLETED BY CONTRACTOR FOR GOVERNMENT USE ONLY

ITEM

NO.

SPECIFICATION SECTION/

PARA NO./DRAWING NO.

DESCRIPTION OF MATERIAL

(Include Type, Model Number, Catalog Number, Mfg., etc.)

AP-

PROVED

DISAP-

PROVED

SEE

REVERSE

INITIAL

CDRL A014

Archaeological Monitoring Plan Rev 1

BY COMPLETING THIS FORM, THE UNDERSIGNED CONTRACTOR CERTIFIES THAT

THE MATERIAL COMPLIES WITH ALL SPECIFICATIONS OF SUBJECT CONTRACT.

DATE

06/22/2016

TYPE OR PRINT NAME AND TITLE

Younes Shahi, Weston Principal Project Manager

SIGNATURE

On Behalf of Younes Shahi Sara Cox

Quality Control Manager

FOR GOVERNMENT USE ONLY

TO: (Base Civil Engineering Officer)

For Evaluation and Action

DATE TYPE OR PRINT NAME AND GRADE SIGNATURE

TO: (AF Contracting Office)

RECOMMEND APPROVAL DISAPPROVAL AS INDICATED ABOVE AND SUBJECT TO ANY APPLICABLE COMMENTS ON THE

REVERSE

TO: (Contractor)

APPROVED

DISAPPROVED AS INDICATED ABOVE AND SUBJECT TO ANY APPLICABLE COMMENTS ON THE REVERSE SIDE.

REQUEST RESUBMITTAL ON DISAPPROVED ITEMS WITHIN DAYS OF DATE SHOWN BELOW.

AF FORM 3000, 19910901 (EF-V2) PREVIOUS EDITION IS OBSLETE

COMMENTS

(Number to correspond with applicable Item Number on reverse)

INSTRUCTIONS TO CONTRACTORS

1. The term “material” is defined as articles, supplies, raw materials, equipment, parts, components, and end items that are to be incorporated into the work required by the contract.

2. This form is to be used by contractors for submitting Shop Drawings, Equipment Data, Manufacturer’s Literature and Certificates and samples of Materials to the Government for approval in accordance with the provisions of this contract. Unless otherwise specified, it is to be prepared in 4 copies, signed, and provided to the contracting officer with appropriate attachments.

3. Item(s) to be approved will be clearly tabbed or identified. Data pertaining to item(s) to be approved will be clearly identified or tabbed, particularly where documents are voluminous, in order to properly evaluate the materials or articles to be incorporated in the work. Each attachment will be numbered to correspond with the item number shown on the face of this form.

4. Requests submitted shall be numbered consecutively, by contract, in the space entitled “Submission No.”. This number, in addition to the Contract No., will be used to identify each Material Approval Submittal. Resubmissions will be indicated in the appropriate block and the insertion of previous submission number and data in addition to a new submission number. A single submission should be used for all work of a section of the specifications, but in NO instance should the submission include work for more than one (1) contract. Submittals requiring priority handling will be submitted by separate submittal using the form and so marked across the face of the form.

5. This Material Approval Submittal is not valid unless it is signed by the contracting officer. This approval is required as called for by the contracting officer under the terms of this contract.

AF FORM 3000, 19910901 (EF-V2) (REVERSE)

SCS Project Number 1945-1 AMP

ARCHAEOLOGICAL MONITORING PLAN

FOR THE BELLOWS AIR FORCE STATION

UTILITY POLE REPLACEMENT PROJECT

WAIMĀNALO AHUPUA`A, KO‘OLAUPOKO DISTRICT,

ISLAND OF O`AHU, HAWAI`I

[TMK: (1) 4-1-015:001 por.]

Prepared by:

Cathleen A. Dagher, B.A.

Morgan E. Davis, M.A.

and

Robert L. Spear, Ph.D.

June 2016

DRAFT

Prepared for:

WESTON SOLUTIONS, INC.

841 Bishop Street, Suite 2301

Honolulu, Hawai`i 96813 ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................ ii

LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................................ ii

INTRODUCTION

ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING

PROJECT AREA SOILS

PROJECT AREA VEGETATION AND CLIMATE

PROJECT AREA EXPECTATIONS AND REASON FOR MONITORING

MONITORING CONVENTIONS AND METHODS

Procedures for Inadvertent Discoveries of Non-NAGPRA Cultural Items

BURIAL TREATMENT PLAN

Preservation In-Place Re-interment

LABORATORY ANALYSIS

CURATION

REPORTING

REFERENCES

APPENDIX A: WATERFRONT CONCEPTUAL PLANS ......................................................... A

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: USGS (Koko Head 1999; 1:24,000) Quadrangle Map Showing Project Area Location. 2

Figure 2: Tax Map Key [TMK (1) 4-1-015] Showing Project Area Location

Figure 3: USGS (Koko Head 1999; 1:24,000) Quadrangle Map Showing Location of Previously

Identified Archaeological Site in the Vicinity of the Current Project Area (Modified from Sholin and Dye 2014)

INTRODUCTION

At the request of Weston Solutions, Inc., Scientific Consultant Services, Inc. (SCS) has prepared this archaeological monitoring plan (AMP) in advance of all ground disturbing work associated with the Design-Bid-Build (DBB) execution to ‘Replace Utility Poles’ at Bellows Air

Force Station (BAFS), Waimānalo Ahupua`a, Ko`olaupoko District, O`ahu Island, Hawai`i [TMK: (1)

4-1-015:001 por.] (Figure 1 and Figure 2). The project area is owned by the United States Air Force and comprises approximately 0.78 acres

Project-related ground alterations will include excavations related to the project scope inclusive of replace aboveground primary and secondary electrical lines with new underground lines, mechanical trench excavation and backfill; installation of new electrical conduit, ducts and concrete encasement

(as necessary); installation of new precast concrete electrical hand-holes/manholes; installation of new street lights with aluminum poles, and light meter pedestals; installation of new electrical switchgears and transformers; and demolition and removal of existing aboveground electrical poles, in accordance with the Government’s 100% Design Drawings, and Waterfront revised drawings Rev #10 (Appendix

A). Replacement-related ground disturbance would comprise approximately 0.78 acres for connecting and redirecting the existing HV power lines to transformer station as well as secondary line connecting to the waterfront cabins. Refer to project Work Plan as well as approved design for additional information.

The Area of Potential Effect (APE) for the project encompasses two known historic properties

(Figure 3): State Site 50-80-15-4856, a buried traditional Hawaiian cultural deposit containing evidence of habitation activities and human skeletal remains, and State Site 50-80-15-4854, a discontinuous buried traditional Hawaiian cultural deposit and several isolated traditional Hawaiian burials. State Site 50-80-15-4854 is located adjacent to State Site 50-80-15-7071, an isolated traditional Hawaiian burial (Dye and Dye 2009 in Sholin and Dye 2014). Based on the above information, there is a potential for an inadvertent discovery of human skeletal remains or cultural items in subsurface contexts during ground altering construction activities, due to shallow excavation cross section (36 inches). In conjunction with the EA, an archaeological inventory survey (AIS) was conducted for the LLC project by Sholin and Dye (2014); no significant resources were identified during the AIS.

Archaeological monitoring will be conducted during all ground disturbing activities associated with the current undertaking. The individuals performing the archaeological monitoring will meet the

Figure 1: USGS (Koko Head 1999; 1:24,000) Quadrangle Map Showing Project Area Location.

Figure 2: Tax Map Key [TMK (1) 4-1-015] Showing Project Area Location.

Figure 3: USGS (Koko Head 1999; 1:24,000) Quadrangle Map Showing Location of Previously

Identified Archaeological Site in the Vicinity of the Current Project Area (Modified from Sholin and Dye 2014).

U.S. Secretary of Interior’s Professional Qualifications Standards for archaeologists (36 Code of

Federal Regulations [CFR] 61) and all work will be overseen by a professional archaeologist.

This archaeological monitoring plan will be reviewed and approved by the State Historic

Preservation Division (SHPD) prior to the commencement of construction related ground altering activities.

If a significant archaeological or Native Hawaiian artifact is discovered during the archaeological monitoring program, construction will halt near the discovery and the Bellows

AFS cultural resource will consult with the SHPD regarding the site. In the event a non-significant cultural deposit or isolated artifact is encountered during archaeological monitoring, all construction activities in the immediate vicinity shall be halted until the deposit/isolate has been recorded in accordance with standard archaeological procedure. In the event human skeletal remains are inadvertently encountered during ground disturbing activities, all work in the immediate vicinity of the discovery will be halted, the Bellows AFS Commander will be notified, and all procedures and stipulations outlined in the Native American Graves and

Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) and burial treatment plan will be and followed.

Project Environmental Protection Plan specifies that Archaeological Monitoring will be conducted during all ground disturbing activities in the project area due to the presence of the aforementioned sites and the continued potential for the inadvertent discovery of associated cultural deposits.

Beyond re-identification of known sites on the parcel, Archaeological Monitoring will ensure that all identified significant cultural resources are sampled, documented, and evaluated for their historical significance, per SHPD rules and regulations and in conjunction with SHPD recommendations. This Monitoring program will also ensure that if human skeletal remains are identified during subsurface work, appropriate and lawful protocol concerning the Inadvertent

Discovery of Human Remains (pursuant to ‘HAR § 13-300-40a, b, c) is followed.

This AMP will require the approval of the SHPD prior to the commencement of any ground altering activities in the project area. The following text provides more detailed information on the reasons for monitoring, potential site types to be encountered during excavation, monitoring conventions and methodology for both field and laboratory work, and curation and reporting.

ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING

The project area occurs at an elevation of 1-4 meters above sea level; approximately 16-

120 meters from the coastline at Bellows Air Force Station (see Figures 1 and 2). The project area is bounded on the west by Tinker Road and to the east.

PROJECT AREA SOILS

According to Foote et al. (1972: 48–49, Maps 62 and 65) the project area is located in

Jaucas Sands (JaC). Typically, the JaC deposits are comprised of extremely well drained Aeolian and water deposited calcareous soil which is derived from sea shells and coral that forms along level coastal areas. These soils are known to have rapid permeability very slow to slow run off, slight water erosion hazard, with high winds that can be a severe hazard in areas with no vegetation.

Reference Project Cesspool Conversion (TG 02 AMP) , Hirata and Associates, Inc.

conducted Geotechnical Investigation that included drilling five exploratory borings and eleven percolation test holes in the project area from December 2 through 4, 2014. According to their report:

Our borings and percolation test holes primarily encountered a relatively thin layer of top soil fill consisting of brown silty sand with some decomposed tree debris. Underlying the top soil was tan coralline sand. The sand ranged in condition from loose to dense and extended to the maximum depths drilled. Groundwater was encountered in our borings at depths ranging from about 11.5 to 15.2 feet. The depth to groundwater can be expected to vary with tidal fluctuations (Yoshida 2014).

PROJECT AREA VEGETATION AND CLIMATE

Although a number of beach and wetland restoration projects that included planting of

Native Hawaiian species have been implemented at Bellows AFS in the last four years those projects were not conducted in the vicinity of the current project area. The cabins and cesspools are located within currently landscaped areas; the landscaped areas consist of maintained lawns and a variety of common introduced ornamental species. The predominant tree species in the vicinity of the cabins is Ironwood (Casuarina equisetifolia).

Rainfall in the area averages 32 inches per annum (Price 1983) and temperatures are warm, ranging from 65 degrees to 90 degrees Fahrenheit. Temperatures range from the mid 60 degrees Fahrenheit, during the winter months, to the mid 80 degrees Fahrenheit in the summer, occasionally reaching the low 90 degrees Fahrenheit (Armstrong 1980: 64).

PROJECT AREA EXPECTATIONS AND REASON FOR MONITORING

T. S. Dye & Colleagues, Archaeologists, Inc. (Sholin and Dye 2014) conducted an archaeological inventory survey (AIS) with subsurface testing for the Large Capacity Cesspool

Conversion at Bellows AFS, which included a pedestrian survey of 100 percent of the Large

Capacity Cesspool Conversion APE, and the excavation of 27 test trenches throughout the APE.

The test trenches revealed a typical stratigraphic profile for the project APE consisting of twentieth-century disturbed sand and fill materials overlying naturally deposited calcareous marine sand. Cultural materials were encountered in two of the test trenches; one traditional

Hawaiian pit feature (associated with previously documented State Site 50-80-15-4856, a buried traditional Hawaiian cultural deposit containing evidence of habitation activities and human skeletal remains) in Trench 1 and one traditional Hawaiian cultural deposit (associated with previously documented State Site 50-80-15-4854, a discontinuous buried traditional Hawaiian cultural deposit and several isolated traditional Hawaiian burials) in Trench 24. These cultural materials were evaluated as significant for their information content. Because the Large Capacity

Cesspool Conversion would have a potentially adverse effect on historic properties and/or human burials that might be located in the basal sand layer at Bellows AFS, Sholin and Dye (2014) recommended that archaeological monitoring be conducted for all ground-disturbing activities during the construction activities.

In addition, the recreational cabins were constructed in 1959 and were initially considered potentially eligible for nomination to the National Register of Historic Places

(Gorsuch 2014: pp 3-3 and 3-4). Subsequently, from November 2014 to February 2015, in accordance with Air Force Civil Engineer Center Contract No. FA8903-10-D-8600, Task Order

0019, Zapata Incorporated and Garcia and Associates conducted a survey and evaluation of historic and Cold War Era buildings at Bellows Air Force Station to evaluate 23 properties for which satisfactory recommendations of National Register of Historic Places eligibility had not previously been published (Desilets and Byerly 2015). Buildings Z-01, Z-02, 890, the Nike-

Hercules Surface-to-Air Missile Battery (OA-32) tactical site, and the Bellows Field World War

II Anti-Aircraft Defense Complex (Buildings 140, 538, 860, and 572 A–E) were determined to be significant and to retain their integrity, and were recommended as eligible for National

Register listing. The remaining properties, including the recreational cabins (considered as a single property), were recommended as ineligible for National Register listing (Desilets and

Byerly 2015:11).

MONITORING CONVENTIONS AND METHODS

This AMP has been prepared in accordance with DLNR-SHPD rules governing standards for Archaeological Monitoring (HAR § 13-279). Archaeological monitors will adhere to the following guidelines during monitoring:

1. Based on the AIS, the United States Air Force (USAF) has determined that the Proposed

Action will have no adverse effect on archaeological and Native Hawaiian resources if archaeological monitoring is conducted during all ground disturbing activities. The individuals performing the archaeological monitoring will meet the U.S. Secretary of

Interior’s Professional Qualifications Standards for archaeologists (36 Code of Federal

Regulations [CFR] 61) and all work will be overseen by a professional archaeologist working directly for the Department of Defense.

2. Prior to Monitoring, the archaeologist will re-locate all previously documented sites on the parcel. During excavation work itself, if significant deposits or features are identified and additional field personnel required. The re-location work will involve a team of two archaeologists to gain better coverage and facilitate the work.

3. One archaeological monitor will be present for each piece of ground altering machinery within both natural and disturbed contexts.

4. If a significant archaeological or Native Hawaiian artifact is discovered during archaeological monitoring, construction will halt near the discovery and WESTON will be notified. The Bellows AFS cultural resource will consult with the SHPD regarding the site. In the event a non-significant cultural deposit or isolated artifact is encountered during archaeological monitoring, all construction activities in the immediate vicinity shall be halted until the deposit/isolate has been recorded in accordance with the standard archaeological procedures listed below.

Procedures for Inadvertent Discoveries of Non-NAGPRA Cultural Items

A. In the event non-NAGPRA cultural items are inadvertently found, construction activity that threatens the resource shall cease and the area secured to protect the remains from disturbance, erosion, or vandalism.

B. NOTIFICATION: Finder must immediately notify one of the following in order of priority: 1) Det. 2, 18 FSS/CEE (Environmental Program Manager (EPM)); 2) Det. 2, 18

FSS/CD (Deputy Commander); or 3) Det. 2, 18 FSS/CC (Installation Commander).

C. NOTIFICATION: The Installation Commander certifies in writing that he/she has been notified of the discovery (AFI §32-7065 §3.9.1.2.4).

D. An archaeologist, who meets the Secretary of the Interior's Professional Qualification

Standards, in consultation with the EPM, will determine the significance of the resource according to the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA).

E. If the findings are determined NOT SIGNIFICANT, the activity may resume when the items have been recorded and analyzed in accordance with their importance (Air Force

Instruction [AFI] 32-7065 §3.1.1.8.4 and §3.9.1.1.).

F. If the findings are determined SIGNIFICANT, the EPM will notify WESTON and

AFCEC, consult with the State Historic Preservation Division (SHPD) about final disposition of the site. Archaeological Data Recovery will be conducted whenever and wherever significant cultural resources are threatened with damage or destruction in order to mitigate the loss of important scientific data. A data recovery plan will be prepared for SHPD concurrence. The archaeological data recovery will comply with the requirements of AFI 32-7065 §3.1.1.8.4 and §3.9.1.1.

5. If features or cultural deposits are identified during Monitoring, the on-site archaeologist will have the authority to temporarily suspend construction activities at the significant location so that the cultural feature(s) or deposit(s) may be fully evaluated and appropriate treatment of the cultural deposit(s) is conducted. The AF and SHPD will be contacted to establish feature significance and potential mitigation procedures.

Treatment activities for non-significant finds primarily include documenting the feature/deposit by plotting its location on an overall site map, illustrating a plan view map of the feature/deposit, profiling the deposit in three dimensions, photographing the finds—with the exception of human burials, collecting any artifacts and/or significant soil samples, and triangulating the finds. Construction work and/or back-filling of excavation pits or trenches will only continue in the sample location when all documentation has been completed.

6. Control stratigraphy in association with subsurface cultural deposits will be noted and photographed, particularly those containing significant quantities or qualities of cultural materials. If deemed significant by SHPD and the contracting archaeological firm, these deposits will be sampled.

7. In the event human skeletal remains are inadvertently discovered during ground disturbing activities, all work in the immediate vicinity of the discovery will be halted and all procedures and stipulations outlined in the Native American Graves and

Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) as listed below (CH2MHill 2014:1, A-2 and A-3)., and

Burial Treatment Plan will be prepared and followed.

BURIAL TREATMENT PLAN

Procedures for Inadvertent Discoveries of Human skeletal remains and Associated

Funerary Objects In Accordance With the Native Protection Graves and Repatriation

Act (NAGPRA)

A. In the event human skeletal remains, associated funerary objects, or other

NAGRPA defined items are encountered, construction activities in the immediate vicinity shall cease and the area shall be secured to protect the remains from disturbance, erosion, or vandalism. All stipulations outlined in NAGPRA and the

ICRMP will be followed.

B. NOTIFICATION: Finder must immediately notify one of the following in order of priority: 1) Det. 2, 18 FSS/CEE (Environmental Program Manager (EPM);

2) Det. 2, 18 FSS/CD (Deputy Commander); or

3) Det. 2, 18 FSS/CC (Installation Commander).

C. NOTIFICATION: The Installation Commander certifies in writing that he/she has been notified of the discovery (AFI §32-7065 §3.9.1.2.4).

D. NOTIFICATION: The EPM or Installation Commander notifies Major Command

(MAJCOM) Headquarters Pacific Air Force/Directorate of Installations and

Mission Support Environmental Division, Environmental Quality Branch (HQ

PACAF/A7NQ), or equivalent after CE Transformation

E. NOTIFICATION: MAJCOM (or equivalent) will notify Headquarters Air Force

Environmental Branch (AF/A7CAN), through appropriate channels

F. NOTIFICATION: If a qualified archaeologist determines human skeletal remains not to be native Hawaiian, NHPA Section 106 consultations will be conducted with the SHPO, and possible notification of installation or local law-enforcement authorities.

8. On written directive of AFCEC CO, a determination of the minimum number of individuals (MNI), age(s), and ethnicity of the burial(s) will be ascertained in the field.

Rules outlined in Chapter 6e, Section 43 shall be followed. Stratigraphic profiles, site plan view maps, and illustrative documentation of skeletal parts will be recorded to document the burial(s). The burial location will be identified and marked.

Preservation In-Place

When human remains are discovered and can be preserved in-place, the following steps will be conducted:

Materials excavated from the vicinity of the burial(s) will be manually screened through

1/8-inch wire mesh screens to recover any displaced skeletal material

The remains will be wrapped in white Muslin cloth and placed in a lauhala basket

The remains will be reinterred in the trench covered in their original manner, as indicated by the archaeological findings

As considered necessary by the Native Hawaiian Organizations, an appropriate ceremony may be accommodated

Re-interment

When human remains must be reinterred, the following steps will be conducted:

Work will be conducted following stipulations outlined in NAGPRA and HRS 6.E-43.6, Procedures Relating to the Inadvertent Discovery of Human Remains

Minimal archeological analyses will be conducted to determine ethnicity

The remains will be disinterred respectfully

The remains will be wrapped in white Muslin cloth and placed in a lauhala basket

The remains will be temporarily curated in the on-site curatorial facility until final disposition in the burial vault is determined

As considered necessary by the Native Hawaiian Organizations, an appropriate ceremony may be accommodated

LABORATORY ANALYSIS

All samples collected during the project, except human skeletal remains, will undergo analysis at the SCS laboratory in Honolulu.

Photographs, illustrations, and all notes accumulated during the project will be curated at the Honolulu laboratory. All retrieved artifact and midden samples will be thoroughly cleaned, sorted, and analyzed. Significant artifacts will be photographed, sketched, and classified

(qualitative analysis). All metric measurements and weights will be recorded (quantitative analysis). These data will be presented in tabular form within the final monitoring report.

Midden samples will be minimally identified to major class (e.g., bivalve, gastropod mollusk, echinoderm, fish, bird, mammal). All data will be clearly recorded on standard laboratory forms, which also include number and weight (as appropriate) of each constituent category. These counts will also be included in the final report.

Should any samples amenable to dating be collected from a significant cultural deposit, they will be prepared in the SCS laboratory and submitted for specialized radiocarbon analysis.

While primary emphasis for dating is placed on charcoal samples, we do not preclude the use of other material such as marine shell or nonhuman bone materials. SCS will consult with SHPD and the client if radiocarbon dates are deemed necessary.

All stratigraphic profiles will be drafted for presentation in the final report.

Representative plan view sketches showing the location and morphology of identified sites/features/deposits will be compiled and illustrated.

CURATION

All recovered materials will be returned to the Bellows AFS Environmental Program

Manager upon completion of laboratory procedures. All materials will be placed in acid-free containers and properly labeled.

REPORTING

An Archaeological Monitoring report documenting the project findings and interpretation, following SHPD guidelines for Archaeological Monitoring reports, will be prepared and submitted 180 days after the completion of fieldwork. This time line is requested to account for any radiocarbon age determinations (typically 30–45 days), if necessary. The report will also discuss relocation of previously identified sites in the project area.

If cultural features or deposits are identified during fieldwork, the sites will be evaluated for historical significance and assessed under State and Federal Significance Criteria. The

Archaeological Monitoring report will be drafted until accepted by SHPD and will be submitted to both SHPD and to the client.

REFERENCES

CH2MHill

2014 Final Environmental Protection Plan for the Environmental Assessment for

Closure of Cesspools and Implementation of Wastewater Management and

Treatment Measures Bellows Air Force Station, Hawai’i. Prepared for Air Force

Civil Engineer Center Contract FA8903-08-D-8769-0361 by CH2MHill, Honolulu.

Desilets, M., and D. Byerly

2015 Historic Architecture Assessment of World War II and Cold War Era Properties, Bellows Air Force Station, Waimānalo, O‘ahu Island, Hawai‘i. Prepared for

Bellows Air Force Station Detachment 2, 18 Force Support Squadron, Contract

No. FA8903-10-D-8600, T.O. 0019, by Zapata, Inc., Kailua, and Garcia and

Associates, Kailua.

Dye, K.P. and T.S. Dye

2009 Archeological Monitoring Report for Septic System Restoration at Bellows Air

Force Station, Ko`olaupoko District, O`ahu Island TMK: (1) 4-1-015:001. T.S

Dye and Colleagues, Archeologists, Honolulu. On file at the State Historic

Preservation Division, Kapolei.

Foote, D.E., E. Hill, S. Nakamura, and F. Stephens

1972 Soil Survey of the Islands of Oahu, Maui, Molokai, and Lanai, State of Hawaii.

U.S. Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D.C.

Gorsuch, C.

2014 Final Environmental Assessment for Closure of Cesspools and Implementation of

Wastewater Management and Treatment Measures Bellows Air Force Station, Hawai‘i. United States Air Force, Bellows Air Force Station, Waimānalo.

Price, S.

1983 Climate. In Atlas of Hawai’i, ed. by R. Warwick Armstrong, pp. 56. Department of Geography, University of Hawai’i. The University Press of Hawaii, Honolulu.

Sholin, C. and T. Dye

2014 Archaeological Inventory Survey for the Large Capacity Cesspool Conversion at

Bellows AFS Land of Waimānalo, Ko‘olaupoko District, O‘ahu Island TMK: (1)

4–1–015:001. Prepared for CH2M Hill by T. S. Dye & Colleagues, Archaeologists, Inc., Honolulu.

Yoshida, R.

2014 Geotechnical Investigation Large Capacity Cesspool Closure, Design, and

Construction of Replacement Wastewater Treatment Systems Bellows Air Force

Station, HI Project BFMV137974. Prepared for The LIMTIACO Consulting

Group by Hirata and Associates, Inc., Aiea.( AFCEC TG 02 Project)

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APPENDIX A: WATERFRONT CONCEPTUAL PLANS

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AFCEC TG06 - AF 3000 Transmittal 06a Archaeological Monitoring Plan R1

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Sara Cox

Attachment A: Route of Underground Communication Line to ECP

ATTACHMENT C: Location APE of Proposed “Extend Underground Fiber Optic Communication Line” relative to Known Archaeological Site at Bellows AFS

Bellows AFS Boundary

Extend Underground Fiber Optic Communication Cable

Archaeological Area

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